Готові списки джерел за темами / Flowrate control

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Flowrate control"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Flowrate control"

Avila, Raudel, Yixin Wu, Rinaldo Garziera, John A. Rogers, and Yonggang Huang. "Analytical Modeling of Flowrate and Its Maxima in Electrochemical Bioelectronics with Drug Delivery Capabilities." Research 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9805932.

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Flowrate control in flexible bioelectronics with targeted drug delivery capabilities is essential to ensure timely and safe delivery. For neuroscience and pharmacogenetics studies in small animals, these flexible bioelectronic systems can be tailored to deliver small drug volumes on a controlled fashion without damaging surrounding tissues from stresses induced by excessively high flowrates. The drug delivery process is realized by an electrochemical reaction that pressurizes the internal bioelectronic chambers to deform a flexible polymer membrane that pumps the drug through a network of microchannels implanted in the small animal. The flowrate temporal profile and global maximum are governed and can be modeled by the ideal gas law. Here, we obtain an analytical solution that groups the relevant mechanical, fluidic, environmental, and electrochemical terms involved in the drug delivery process into a set of three nondimensional parameters. The unique combinations of these three nondimensional parameters (related to the initial pressure, initial gas volume, and microfluidic resistance) can be used to model the flowrate and scale up the flexible bioelectronic design for experiments in medium and large animal models. The analytical solution is divided into (1) a fast variable that controls the maximum flowrate and (2) a slow variable that models the temporal profile. Together, the two variables detail the complete drug delivery process and control using the three nondimensional parameters. Comparison of the analytical model with alternative numerical models shows excellent agreement and validates the analytic modeling approach. These findings serve as a theoretical framework to design and optimize future flexible bioelectronic systems used in biomedical research, or related medical fields, and analytically control the flowrate and its global maximum for successful drug delivery.

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HABIB, ROBERT SH, and QAIS A. H. ALNOUMAN. "Microcomputer-based liquid flowrate control system." International Journal of Electronics 65, no. 1 (July 1988): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218808945210.

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Li, Dong, Jie Hang, Yunhua Li, and Sujun Dong. "Fuel Flowrate Control for Aeroengine and Fuel Thermal Management for Airborne System of Aircraft—An Overview." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010279.

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Fuel flowrate control system and fuel thermal management are very important for aeroengine and the overall aircraft, and it has been researched for several decades. This survey paper makes a comprehensive and systematic overview on the exiting fuel flowrate regulation methods, thermal load of fuel metering units, fuel-based thermal management, and the fuel tank’s thermal management topology network with drain and recirculation. This paper firstly reviews the mechanism, technical advantages, and technical challenges of the fuel metering unit with flowrate control valve and constant pressure difference valve compensator, flowrate control valve and variable displacement pump-based pressure difference compensator, and motor-based flowrate regulation. Then, the technical characteristics of above fuel flowrate control methods related to thermal management are discussed and compared. Meanwhile, the behaviors of recirculated fuel flow within single tank system and dual tank system are explored. Thirdly, the paper discusses the future directions of fuel flowrate control and thermal management. The survey is significant to the fuel flowrate control and fuel thermal management of the aircraft.

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Shen, Hai-Feng, Xin-Jian Zhu, Meng Shao, and Hong-fei Cao. "Neural Network Predictive Control for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/538237.

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The vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is a nonlinear system with unknown dynamics and disturbances. The flowrate of the electrolyte is an important control mechanism in the operation of a VRB system. Too low or too high flowrate is unfavorable for the safety and performance of VRB. This paper presents a neural network predictive control scheme to enhance the overall performance of the battery. A radial basis function (RBF) network is employed to approximate the dynamics of the VRB system. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain the optimum initial values of the RBF network parameters. The gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the objective function of the predictive controller. Compared with the constant flowrate, the simulation results show that the flowrate optimized by neural network predictive controller can increase the power delivered by the battery during the discharge and decrease the power consumed during the charge.

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Mao, Yucai, Yunxiang Wang, Lei Zhang, and Qiuju Guo. "A HUMIDITY CONTROL TECHNIQUE BASED ON NAFION MEMBRANE AND ITS APPLICATION ON THE EVALUATION OF HUMIDITY RESPONSE FOR RADON MONITOR." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2019): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz083.

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Abstract Electrostatic collection technique is widely used in various radon monitors. The mechanism of this kind of radon monitor is that the positive Po particles, produced by decay of radon, can be collected on the surface of detector in electric field. Collection efficiency, therefore, could be affected by air humidity. Calibration under different humidity conditions or test of humidity response is necessary consequently. In this study, a humidity control technique based on Nafion membrane tube (NMT) is developed. Under a consistent flowrate with a certain stable level of radon concentration and humidity of main-path inlet, the humidity of outlet sample gas from the main-path can be adjusted and stably controlled at a certain level by changing side-path’s flowrates of NMT. By adjusting main and side-path flowrate, RH of outlet gas of the main-path can be controlled from 5.3 to 80.0%. Theoretical study were also performed. Based on this, humidity influence calibration of an electrostatic radon monitor was performed, and a relationship between the sensitivity of the radon monitor and relative humidity was obtained.

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Amanowicz, Łukasz. "Controlling the Thermal Power of a Wall Heating Panel with Heat Pipes by Changing the Mass Flowrate and Temperature of Supplying Water—Experimental Investigations." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 6547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246547.

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Renewable energy sources for the purpose of heating buildings cooperate perfectly with so-called low-temperature heating systems. Water loop surface heating systems had been thoroughly tested. In contrast, thermal performance of wall panels with heat pipes have not been fully recognized, yet. The determination of the thermal power as well as the control of panels thermal performance cannot be performed with the methods developed for water loop systems. In this paper, the novel heating panels with heat pipes were tested to analyze the possibility of controlling their performance by changing the mass flowrate of heating water and its temperature. Specific heating power of the investigated panels varies from 16.9 W/m2 to 93.8 W/m2 when supplying a water temperature ranging from 35 °C to 65 °C and mass flowrate from 10 g/s to 47.5 g/s. Investigations revealed that the thermal performance of the panels is more sensitive to the changes of temperature than to the changes of mass flowrate of supplying water, and thus, should be controlled by changing the supply water temperature at low mass flowrates to obtain a low energy usage of pumps (diminished pressure losses) and good quality of controlling.

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Zhou, Su, Jie Jin, and Yuehua Wei. "Research on Online Diagnosis Method of Fuel Cell Centrifugal Air Compressor Surge Fault." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113071.

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Stable operation of fuel cell air compressions is constrained by rotating surge in low flowrate conditions. In this paper, a diagnosis criterion based on wavelet transform to solve the surge fault is proposed. First of all, the Fourier transform was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of the outlet flowrate. Before wavelet transform was used, the data are standardized. This step eliminated the influence of the flowrate’s absolute value. Then, the wavelet coefficients under characteristic frequencies were extracted. Finally, the diagnosis criterion’s threshold, which indicates the surge occurrence, was defined from the perspective of safety margin. The criterion threshold alerted a surge only 1 s after it occurred. The analysis results show that the criterion meets with the expectation, and it can be used for the control of anti-surge valve.

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Park, K., J. Kim, S. K. Kauh, S. T. Ro, and J. Lee. "Measurement of air flowrate by using an integration type ultrasonic flow meter applicable for spark ignition engine control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526290.

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An integration type air flow meter (IFM), composed of an ultrasonic sensor with an integration circuit, is tested for the air flowrate measurement in a pulsating flow condition. An accurate air flowrate measurement is essential to control the fuel injection rate of a fuel injection spark ignition (SI) engine. The difficulty comes from the pulsating and reverse flow characteristics of the induction pipe. The IFM integrates the instantaneous flowrate signal during the quarter cycle corresponding to an intake period of a four-stroke four-cylinder engine in order to identify and account for the flow direction. The IFM has significantly improved the accuracy of flowrate measurement compared with a hot wire type flow meter in certain conditions where a flow reversal exists. The sampling method is also easier when using the IFM compared with other techniques.

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Soave, Nicolò, and Massimiliano Barolo. "On the Effectiveness of Heat-Exchanger Bypass Control." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020244.

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In heat exchangers with bypassing, a fraction of the flowrate of one fluid (typically the one whose temperature needs to be controlled tightly) bypasses the exchanger and mixes right after the exchanger outlet with the fraction flowing through the exchanger. The advantages of this configuration are long known. Among them, the most significant is that it can improve heat-transfer control because the temperature dynamics is significantly faster than in a standard heat-exchanger configuration. Additionally, it can increase the rangeability of the process wherein the heat exchanger operates. Existing rules of thumb do not provide univocal indications for assigning the design bypass flowrate. In this study, using a simple graphical representation of steady-state heat and mass balances originally proposed for conventional heat-exchanger design, we clarify why and under which design conditions bypass control can be effective. Increased rangeability results from the fact that the heat-exchanger steady-state gain can be assigned by design when a bypass configuration is used, whereas it typically cannot in a conventional heat exchanger. The design bypass flowrate should therefore be assigned so as to make the heat exchanger operate in a region where the steady-state gain is relatively high (and constant).

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Peng, Guangzheng, and Tong Zhao. "A Dynamic Evaluation Technique for Liquid Flow Meters Based on Hydraulic Line Dynamics." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801252.

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A new concept for the evaluation of flowmeter dynamic response is presented. A technique based on hydraulic line dynamics is applied to achieve accurate measurements of the reference flowrate. The major components in the equipment used in experimental verification of the theory were a test pipe, a pulsating flow generator, three pressure transducers, an A/D converter, and a microcomputer system. This equipment allowed the dynamic characteristics of a flowmeter to be investigated in both the time and frequency domains. Comparisons of flowrates measured using the line dynamic technique and the same flowrates recorded by the flowmeter are presented. The results confirm the feasibility and practicability of the dynamic line technique for measuring rapidly varying flows.

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Дисертації з теми "Flowrate control"

Johnson, Christopher Alan. "Modeling of frictional gas flow in a piezoelectrically actuated high-pressure microvalve for flowrate control." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2012-16-07/JOHNSON_CHRISTOPHER_11.pdf.

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Tomashevskyi, Roman, Viacheslav Kulichenko, and Nikolay Mahonin. "System for Flow Rate Regulation with Pulse-Width Modulation." Thesis, Kyiv polytechnic institute, 2014. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/7880.

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In article describes the concept of the flow control system for ozone-oxygen mixture, using the principles of pulse-width modulation. The basic equation for calculation of the system measurement channel are given. Experimental studies of such air channel system and its performance characteristics are describes. The possibility of using flow control system ozone-oxygen mixture in medical ozone is shown.

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Ellakany, Farid. "Enhancing the Thermo-Economic Performance of a Direct Steam Generation Solar Tower Power Plant through the Implementation of Steam Flow Control Strategies for Flexible Operation." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150112.

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Above 90% of the current installed concentrating solar power plants are based on conventional steam-turbine cycles. The operation of steam turbines in these plants is distinctive when compared to traditional base-load power plants. The reason goes back to the intermittent nature of solar power which, in the absence of thermal energy storage or a back-up combustion boiler, forces plant operators to shut down the turbines during night time or at times of low solar radiation. Furthermore, such intermittency often leads to undesirable off-design turbine operating circumstances, either by load variations or changes on live-steam conditions.The present study examines the influence of implementing two operating strategies dealing with steam flow control as a function of incoming solar power for enhancing the thermo-economic performance of a direct steam generation solar tower power plant. The first one consists of a simultaneous high pressure turbine stage- and feed-water preheater bypass. This strategy is used during periods in which the solar radiation is higher than nominal. On these occasions, the plant is capable of generating a larger flow of steam, which allows for an increase in the power production when inserting the additional steam in the turbine bypass. On the other hand, the second operating strategy consists of using an additional feed-water preheater when the power from the field is lower than nominal. In this way, the feed water can reach a higher temperature prior entering the boiler, which is not only beneficial during times of cloud-passages, but also during the start-up process.A dynamic model of a direct steam generation solar tower power plant has been developed following design and operation specifications of an existing reference plant. The two proposed strategies were implemented to the reference model, then a whole year worth simulation was performed for both the reference and the modified models. Lastly, the thermodynamic and economic performance of both systems was measured for the purpose of comparison, by means of using KTH in-house tool DYESOPT. Results show that the implementation of the proposed strategies can enhance the economic viability of the systems by yielding a reduction of 8.7% on the levelized cost of electricity, mainly due to allowing achieving a 12% increase in the net electricity production.

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Shean, Barry John. "The design of an automated froth flotation optimising control system, based on the maximisation of air recovery through air flowrate variation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39852.

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Mineral froth flotation is one of the most broadly used separation methods in the mineral processing industry. Despite being introduced in the early 1900's, and numerous years of research and development, flotation is still not fully understood and remains relatively inefficient. Consequently, large economic gains stand to be made through optimisation of present processes. Although numerous years of research into the automation of froth flotation control have been conducted to increase process efficiency, options for advanced and/or optimising control systems remain limited. One proposed reason for this is the use of complicated and/or unclear control system goals; with many systems trying simultaneously to maximise the mineral recovery and concentrate grade (despite these two parameters being generally counter-correlated). However, the recent introduction of a new parameter - the air recovery - that gives an indication of the overall process performance, offers significant potential within flotation process control, as this is a single variable that can be measured rapidly online, and maximised. Moreover, it has been discovered that for flotation systems a peak in air recovery (or PAR) exists with increasing air flowrate, and that operating at this PAR air flowrate has metallurgical benefits. Thus, this PhD thesis aimed to develop and design an online PAR seeking control system that - for a single cell and through air flowrate manipulation - is able to drive the air flowrate towards the value that yields PAR (and hence the optimal operating conditions). This strategy represents a completely novel approach to flotation control, and is expected to have exciting industrial implications. The first step to achieving an online PAR seeking control system was the development of an online air recovery measurement system. This system - which makes use of air flowrate, froth velocity and froth height measurements - was trialled on both laboratory and industrial scale flotation systems, with good results being obtained. Subsequently, a review of numerical methods for the optimisation of 'unknown objective functions' - such as an air recovery curve - was conducted. This review highlighted a branch of methods known as 'direct search methods'. Four of the more commonly known methods were integrated into PAR seeking control algorithms, and trialled on a model of the laboratory flotation system. These tests included starting below, above and at PAR, and also examined the effects of noise in the measured raw data and of disturbances to the air recovery curve. One method in particular, the Generating Set Search (or GSS) method, which is renowned for being simple, yet reliable and robust, was found to perform well under all conditions. This GSS-based PAR seeking control system was then tested experimentally on a laboratory flotation system. The results were again promising, with the control algorithm being found to handle noisy data, unstable conditions and large step change disturbances in the objective function. This good performance is largely attributed to the simple and non-assuming nature of the algorithm. It recommended that this GSS-based PAR seeking control system be trialled, and potentially implemented, on the industrial scale for the optimisation of flotation systems.

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(9175667), Yan-Shu Huang. "Real-Time Monitoring of Powder Mass Flowrates for MPC/PID Control of a Continuous Direct Compaction Tablet Manufacturing Process." Thesis, 2020.

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Анотація:

To continue the shift from batch operations to continuous operations for a wider range of products, advances in real-time process management (RTPM) are necessary. The key requirements for effective RTPM are to have reliable real-time data of the critical process parameters (CPP) and critical quality attributes (CQA) of the materials being processed, and to have robust control strategies for the rejection of disturbances and setpoint tracking.

Real-time measurements are necessary for capturing process dynamics and implement feedback control approaches. The mass flow rate is an additional important CPP in continuous manufacturing compared to batch processing. The mass flow rate can be used to control the composition and content uniformity of drug products as well as an indicator of whether the process is in a state of control. This is the rationale for investigating real-time measurement of mass flow of particulate streams. Process analytical technology (PAT) tools are required to measure particulate flows of downstream unit operations, while loss-in-weight (LIW) feeders only provide initial upstream flow rates. A novel capacitance-based sensor, the ECVT sensor, has been investigated in this study and demonstrates the ability to effectively measure powder mass flow rates in the downstream equipment.

Robust control strategies can be utilized to respond to variations and disturbances in input material properties and process parameters, so CQAs of materials/products can be maintained and the amount of off-spec production can be reduced. The hierarchical control system (Level 0 equipment built-in control, Level 1 PAT based PID control and Level 2 optimization-based model predictive control) was applied in the pilot plant at Purdue University and it was demonstrated that the use of active process control allows more robust continuous process operation under different risk scenarios compared to a more rigid open-loop process operation within predefined design space. With the aid of mass flow sensing, the control framework becomes more robust in mitigating the effects of upstream disturbances on product qualities. For example, excursions in the mass flow from an upstream unit operation, which could force a shutdown of the tablet press and/or produce off-spec tablets, can be prevented by proper control and monitoring of the powder flow rate entering the tablet press hopper.

In this study, the impact of mass flow sensing on the control performance of a direct compaction line is investigated by using flowsheet modeling implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to examine the control performance under different risk scenarios and effects of data sampling (sampling time, measurement precision). Followed by the simulation work, pilot plant studies are reported in which the mass flow sensor is integrated into the tableting line at the exit of the feeding-and-blending system and system performance data is collected to verify the effects of mass flow sensing on the performance of the overall plant-wide supervisory control.

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Частини книг з теми "Flowrate control"

Muhsun, Sadiq S., Sanaa A. Talab Al-Osmy, Shaymaa Abdul Muttaled Al-Hashimi, and Zainab T. Al-Sharify. "Theoretical, CFD Simulation and Experimental Study to Predict the Flowrate Across a Square Edge Broad Crested Weir Depending on the End Depth as a Control Section." In Proceedings of AICCE'19, 15–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_2.

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Damiani, Christian, S. Klein, D. Wuttig, and B. Nestler. "Measurement and Control of Ultra-Low Liquid Flowrates for Drug Delivery Application." In IFMBE Proceedings, 210–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69367-3_57.

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Yu, Zhen, and Huai Li. "Identification of Flowrates and Pressures in HVAC Distribution Network Based on Collective Intelligence System." In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC2019), 1229–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0474-7_115.

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AI, HONG, JIE WANG, and ZHENG-XI LI. "APPLICATION AND INTELLIGENT CONJUNCTION OF DIFFERENT FUNCTION BLOCKS IN FLOWRATE CONTROL." In Wavelet Analysis and Active Media Technology, 395–401. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701695_0059.

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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Intravenous Pumps and Syringe Drivers." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0031.

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Many infusions are given by gravity assisted, drip sets that give a flowrate dependent on the height of the reservoir above the patient, the length of the tubing, the bore of the IV cannula, the density and viscosity of the fluid being delivered, and the patient’s venous pressure. However there is an increasing tendency to use programmable volumetric intravenous pumps and syringe drivers to deliver intravenous anaesthesia, fluids, patient controlled analgesia, epidural infusions and other drugs. Not only are they programmable, but they can also be adjusted to give desired flowrates or volumes. Some infusion devices are powered only by gravity, but the flowrate is controlled by a photoelectric drip rate detector in conjunction with a microprocessor controlled drip occlusion device. Other infusion devices use a stepper motor to control the rate of infusion. A stepper motor is designed so that the rotation is by a fixed amount per supplied electrical pulse, independent of the mechanical load it is carrying. The pulses are controlled by a microprocessor in the pump and the rate of infusion is dependent on the stepper motor’s output. Syringe drivers are designed to use a range of syringe sizes and some require special delivery tubing. The flow is a continuous, pulsatile flow and accuracy is 2–5%. Some syringe drivers are driven by clockwork motors, others by a battery powered motor that is intermittently on and off, depending on required flowrate. The driving mechanism is usually by a screw threaded rod connected to the syringe plunger. Other syringe drivers use a stepper motor connected to the screw threaded rod. Care should be taken not to position the syringe driver above the patient’s venous cannula or the syringe may siphon a drug additional to that programmed on the driver, by virtue of the weight of the column of fluid in the tubing above the patient. Care should also be taken to avoid any bubbles in the syringe reaching the patient. Modern syringe drivers are usually sufficiently accurate over the desired range of infusion [Stokes et al. 1990]. However, there may be a delay before the drug is delivered to the patient as the parts attached to the syringe take up slack [O’Kelly et al. 1992].

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Flowrate control"

Dong, Zhe. "Distributed flowrate-pressure control of fluid flow networks." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7798932.

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Dong, Zhe. "HTGR Power-Level Control Only by Regulating Helium Flowrate." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16218.

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Abstract Currently, most of the power-level control methods of nuclear reactors are given based upon the scheme of inducing reactivity directly via control rods. However, the reactivity can also be injected indirectly via the negative temperature feedback effect. Motivated by this, a cascaded power-level control of high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is proposed by only regulating primary helium flowrate, which can be able to provide globally asymptotical closed-loop stability. This new HTGR power-level control is composed by a helium temperature controller and a neutron flux controller. The former controller, which is located in the inner loop, regulates the primary helium flowrate according to the setpoint of helium temperature. While, the latter one in the outer loop revises the setpoint of helium temperature so as to regulate neutron flux. Numerical simulation results verify the theoretical result while showing the satisfactory performance as well as the influence from the controller parameters.

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Chaves, Gabriela, Hamidreza Karami, Danielle Monteiro, and Virgilio José Martins Ferreira. "Development of a Virtual Flowmeter as an Enhanced Alternative for Field Production Monitoring." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206259-ms.

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Abstract Flowrate is a valuable information for the oil and gas industry. High accuracy on flowrate estimation enhances production operations to control and manage the production. Recognized as a cost-efficient solution, the VFM (virtual flowmeter) is a mathematical-based technology designed to estimate the flowrates using available field instrumentation. The VFM approach developed in this work combines black-box simulations with mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem to obtain the flowrates dismissing the tuning process. The methodology included a set of multiphase flow correlations, and the MILP was developed to estimate the flowrate and designate the best fit model. We evaluated the proposed VFM against 649 well test data. The methodology presented 4.1% average percentage error (APE) for percentile 25% and 13.5% APE for percentile 50%. We developed a VFM technology to be used in scenarios with a lack of data, and we believe that our tuning-free method can contribute to the future of VFM technologies.

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Liu, Xinjian, Weipeng Shu, and Mengxi Wang. "Modification of Filtered Air Intake Flowrate to Improve Control Room Habitability." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81941.

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Control room habitability (CRH) shall be maintained to provide adequate protection for control room operators, such that they can remain in the control room envelope (CRE) safely for an extended period and thus control the nuclear facility during normal and accident conditions. A critical objective of CRH systems is to limit operator doses and/or exposure to toxic gases. The CRH systems does this by the combination of the intake of filtered air, isolation of outside air, recirculation systems and etc. Among the parameters determining radioactivity in a control room (in proportion to radiation doses of operators), intake flowrate of filtered air is an important one. For different types of accident source terms, the evolution of operator doses in a control room versus intake flowrate were analyzed in this paper. It turns out that the increase of intake flowrate results in larger operator doses when inert radioactive gases are the dominant radioactive substances. On the contrary, increasing intake flowrate does good to lower the irradiation level of control room operators when radioactive aerosols dominate the source terms. The rationality behind this fact was interpreted in detail in this paper, with special attention paid to the unfiltered in-leakage rate. It can be inferred that an optimal intake flowrate probably exists leading to the minimum operator dose under an actual accident condition. This paper then performed a calculation analysis based on design parameters and source terms of design basis accident of LOCA (a large break loss of coolant accident) accident. The evolution of operator dose was found to be a U-curve versus increasing intake flowrate, which proved the existence of the abovementioned optimal intake flowrate of filtered air for CRH systems. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of intake flowrate was carried out to study the effects of unfiltered in-leakage rate and filtered recirculation. This study indicates that intake flowrate of filtered air can significantly influence the CRH. For different accidents, the intake flowrate should be properly modified rather than set as a fixed value. To optimize the radiological habitability of control rooms, the effects of unfiltered in-leakage must be taken into consideration. Besides, filtered recirculation is an effective way to control radiation exposure caused by iodine and radioactive aerosols.

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Adib, Ali Asghari, and David J. Hoelzle. "Hybrid Control of Flowrate in Microextrusion-Based Direct-Write Additive Manufacturing." In 2021 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483215.

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Fuchao, Sun, Pei Xiaohan, Liu Longda, Lin Fanfu, and Jing Weina. "Correction model research on oil well downhole flowrate test based on venturi." In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896094.

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Omrani, Ala Eddine, Matthew Albert Franchek, and Yingjie Tang. "BOP Pressure and Flowrate Conditions During High Pressure Gas Kick Control." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29565-ms.

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Prakhova, M. Yu, A. N. Krasnov, and E. A. Khoroshavina. "Automatic Gas Well Flowrate Control System for Urengoy Gas-Condensate Field." In 2019 International Russian Automation Conference. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rusautocon.2019.8867779.

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