Дисертації з теми "Flooding in river urban systems"
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Nie, Linmei. "Flooding Analysis of Urban Drainage Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-308.
Повний текст джерела- Description of the problems
Throughout history floods have been one of the most severe natural catastrophes, which brought about loss of lives and huge economic losses in addition to the influence on community activities and adverse effects on the environment. We have witnessed enormous flood events almost all over the world, even in the early years of 21st century. The cruel lesson learnt is that we have not coped well with floods.
Studying the risk of flooding is the goal of this thesis. The focus is given to flooding of urban drainage systems. Urban climate, human activities and land use vary quickly and greatly with time. These variations modify the features of both urban hydrology and hydraulics, and change the distribution of water. It may lead to dual adverse effects in one region: the severe water shortage in one period and the increasing risk of flooding in another period. Therefore, finding appropriate solutions for these problems has been being a great challenge for the whole world.
- Aims of this study
This study aims to contribute ideal approaches and models to understand deeply urban flooding problems, i.e. to find the causes of flooding, to analyze their propagations and on this basis to evaluate the risk of flooding, and finally to search for solutions for flood mitigation.
- Study contents and methodologies
Distinguishing the potential hazards of urban flooding, delineating the changes of urban lands, developing models to simulate flooding and examining different measures to mitigate the risk of flooding constitute the main contents of this study. It is carried out by both qualitative analysis and quantitative simulations in a stepwise manner. Regarding the stochastic characteristics of flooding, a risk analysis initiates the study, which aims to formulate flooding scenarios in general urban environment through procedures of system definition, hazard identification, causal analysis, frequency analysis, consequence estimation and mitigation. A Norwegian case study illustrates the whole process.
Following the risk analysis, GIS technology is introduced to delineate the variation of topography. GIS hydrological modeling is applied to delineate the basic hydrological elements from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The accuracy of grid DEM and the influence of buildings are studied.
Two urban flooding models, the "basin" model and the dual drainage model, are developed on the basis of the MOUSE program (DHI, 2000). The three models, i.e. the MOUSE model, the “basin” model and the dual drainage model, are examined through two case studies, and the flow capacities of the existing sewers in these two case studies are then checked. Following the flooding simulation, the effectiveness of four flooding mitigation measures is tested.
- Main results
Sixty-eight (68) potential flooding hazards are identified by risk analysis in Chapter three. In combination with Trondheim case study, the frequencies of several flooding scenarios are studied, and it is indicated that the flooding of urban drainage systems happens more frequently than river flooding. When it happens, urban flooding disturbs very much the activities in flooding areas. Therefore management attentions should be paid to urban flooding in addition to large river flooding.
GIS is used as a bridge between digital data and numerical flooding simulation. Two important hydrological elements, watersheds and surface stream networks, are derived from grid DEM in Chapter four. The preliminary flood risk zones are delineated in combination with two case studies. They provide useful information for flood management.
The three flooding models are calibrated through two case studies: Trondheim- Fredlybekken catchment in Norway and Beijing-Baiwanzhuang (BWZ) catchment in China. Flooding checking of the existing sewer systems in these two case studies indicates that the current flow capacities of sewers are less than the designed capacities. Consequently, flood mitigation measures are examined in the following Chapter six. The study indicates that the combination of structural and non-structural flood mitigation measures are regarded as the comprehensive solution for flood control.
- Restrictions of the developed models
The developed flood models are restricted to summer and autumn flooding situations. In other words, the snowmelt routine is not included in the hydrological model applied. However, if a hydrological model that is able to simulate snowmelt could be connected to the developed models, then the hydraulic analysis would be carried out similarly.
Macdonald, Kirsteen C. B. "The effectiveness of certain sustainable urban drainage systems in controlling flooding and pollution from urban runoff." Thesis, Abertay University, 2003. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b6fdd917-aff9-42a2-9b14-089989b57dd2.
Повний текст джерелаLant, Jeremiah. "A Hydraulic Modeling Framework for Producting Urban Flood Maps for Zanesville, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306933258.
Повний текст джерелаGibbs, Helen Margaret. "The interactions between macrophytes and sediments in urban river systems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8480.
Повний текст джерелаPORETTI, ILARIA. "Flood hazard analysis for river systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19730.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Diamantino Figueiredo Rodrigues de. "O risco de inundação urbana nas frentes de água de deltas e estuários em cenários de alterações climáticas. A frente ribeirinha de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6118.
Повний текст джерелаThe present climate changes constitute one of the main threats to delta and estuary cities. The rise of the mean sea level and the increase of the intensity and frequency of the precipitation extremes are presently raising the flood risk of these territories, jeopardizing their maintenance and future development. The present work focuses on how these climate change processes can raise the risk of the urban drainage flooding events at the cities waterfronts. The relevance of the problem is reinforced by the present incapacity of the urban drainage systems to follow the needed adaptation, forcing the delta and estuary cities to rethink the management of their storm water outflow. Under this view, the main drainage adaptation strategies and measures are analysed, namely in urban planning and design, and on the benefits of the integration of natural processes. To contextualize the addressed problem, the possible drainage flood impacts over the Lisbon riverfront are analysed. The influence of the climate change processes over the current drainage system and the flood risk of this area are shown, demonstrating the need for integration of the drainage problem in the future urban planning.
Mugume, Seith Ncwanga. "Modelling and resilience-based evaluation of urban drainage and flood management systems for future cities." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18870.
Повний текст джерелаApostolaki, Stella. "The social dimension of stormwater management practices, including sustainable urban drainage systems and river management options." Thesis, Abertay University, 2007. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/21435036-c7d8-4bd8-b76e-54b26ad63dc2.
Повний текст джерелаPappalardo, Viviana. "Aree urbane e acque meteoriche. Un approccio integrato per la pianificazione della città resiliente." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3990.
Повний текст джерелаGrala, Jani. "Intercepting contamination : improving the water quality of the Vaal river network through self-replenishing natural systems in an urban-rural landscape." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60226.
Повний текст джерелаDie stedelike visie vir hierdie verhandeling fokus op die omgewingskwessies van grond, water en die gesondheid van die mense van Vanderbijlpark wie almal geraak word deur swaar nywerhede. Die studie spreek die verswakkende kwaliteit van die Vaalrivier se water aan en hoe dit geraak word deur sytakke wat daarin vloei. Die verhandeling sal fokus op wyses waarop besoedelde water deur middel van 'n ekosistemiese benadering herstel en gemonitor kan word. Die program behels die verwydering van swaar metale uit die industri?le uitvloeisel van die omliggende swaar nywerhede wat in die Rietspruit-kanaal vloei. Die potensiaal van mikro-organismes, plante en insekte as elemente van 'n natuurlike stelsel vir die behandeling van die besoedelde water, word ondersoek. Die terrein wat geidentifiseer is vir die herstelprosesse is 'n verlate stuk grond, 'n oorblyfsel van die natuurlike landskap na stadspreiding. Die stelsel vir die behandeling van alge en vleilandhabitatte sal deur die fasiliteit loop en die ruggraat van die herstelproses vorm. Die produksie van sy en die gebruike en neweprodukte daarvan sal geintegreer word om die totale sisteem wat die besoedelde water behandel, te ondersteun. Die fasiliteit het ten doel om die behoefte van die gemeenskap om hul stemme oor omgewings- en gesondheidskwessies te verhef, aan te spreek deur die gemeenskapsamfiteater en uitstalruimte te integreer. Die konstruksie en materialiteit is gegrond op die veronderstelling dat die grootste staalnywerheid, ArcelorMittal, ondersteunend en samewerkend sal wees ten opsigte van die omgewingsingryping in die Rietspruit-kanaalsisteem, waartoe hul aansienlike uitvloeisel bydra. Daar sal ook voorgestel word dat die swaar nywerhede die befondsing asook verskeie staalprodukte vir die oprigting van die fasiliteit sal verskaf. Dit sal deel uitmaak van die maatskappy se korporatiewe sosiale verantwoordelikheid en is 'n manier om aan gemeenskappe wat deur die industrie geaffekteer word, terug te gee.
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
Mseleku, Erasmus. "Guidelines for Integrated Flood Control Design in the Informal Settlements of Cape Town Municipality : A case study of Kosovo Informal Settlement in Philippi District." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298784.
Повний текст джерелаSantana, Claudinei Lopes. "Geomorfologia da planície fluvial do rio Ribeira de Iguape entre Sete Barras e Eldorado (SP): subsídios ao planejamento físico-territorial de áreas inundáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-07102009-152524/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this research is the hydromorphodynamic characterization of the Paulista River Ribeira de Iguape sector, approaching three levels of the geomorphology research according HART (1986), to know: (a) the morphology descriptive level; (b) the superficial materials and ground descriptive level; and (c) the processes interpretation analytical level, or hydrodynamic processes. With these surveys and systematization was possible the partially understanding humid tropical environments hidromorphodynamics trends and, mainly, of the flooding plain, which can be used in the regional territorial physical planning, in view of the importance of the occupation human being on these sectors.
Rocchio, Andrea Michelle. "A Comparison of Rural and Urban Fluvial Systems as a Function of Land Cover Changes in Summit County, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491401461044589.
Повний текст джерелаLuz, Rodolfo Alves da. "Mudanças geomorfológicas na planície fluvial do Rio Pinheiros, São Paulo (SP), ao longo do processo de urbanização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-29062015-152030/.
Повний текст джерелаThe urbanised meandering fluvial system of River Pinheiros in Sao Paulo, Brazil, has undergone many geomorphological changes due to human interventions during the urban development. The central hypothesis is that geomorphological changes related to urbanisation over a fluvial plain in tropical humid environment present magnitudes higher than, or similar to, natural or non-urban systems. These changes can be explained by using such techniques as anthropic and historical geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, and geoindicators of change in landforms, materials and processes. Three 1:25,000 geomorphological maps of representative stages of intervention (pre-disturbance, active disturbance and post-disturbance) helped to establish, measure and compare historical changes in the hydromorphological system since 1930. The results revealed the great magnitude and high efficiency of direct and indirect human interventions on fluvial landforms and hydromorphological processes. Changes that might be expected to occur at intervals of 1 in 10³ to 1 in 104 years in natural conditions can become much more frequent events (1 in 100 to 1 in 10² years) due to urbanisation, making the historical sources quite suitable for the identification of these modifications. In just 21 years the pre-urban meandering channel was replaced by a straight and artificial canal, with the length being reduced by 44.9%, the width being increased by 184.9%. The previous fluvial channel carried fine sediments and organic matter in a constant downstream water flow. The current canal has the water flow artificially controlled by engineering structures which can be reversed upstream and, nowadays, behaves as a series of lakes with negligible flow. Most of sediments, organic matter and pollutants are deposited in the canal bed, generating siltation and environmental problems. During the last 80 years the previous floodplain level was eliminated and new terrace levels were created by human activity, particularly by landfills whose volume was estimated to be 16.28x106 m3. Floods by channel overflow were reduced by the engineering structures and are restricted to the nearest banks. However, the flood attenuation capacity of the floodplain and lower terraces was lost and the flood frequency and magnitude was enhanced due to deficient urban drainage, landfill blockage and where the tributaries were recovered by roads. Understanding changes of this magnitude can assist in river and flood management in urban areas, in geotechnical surveys and in the landscape reclamation.
Aulinas, Masó Montse. "Management of industrial wastewater discharges in river basins through agents'argumentation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7804.
Повний текст джерелаLes contribucions d'aquest treball de recerca són dobles: primer, proposar l'ús d'un enfoc basat en la modelització amb agents per tal de conceptualitzar i integrar tots els elements que estan directament o indirectament involucrats en la gestió de l'aigua residual. Segon, proposar un marc basat en l'argumentació amb l'objectiu de permetre als agents raonar efectivament. La tesi conté alguns exemples reals per tal de mostrar com un marc basat amb agents que argumenten pot suportar diferents interessos i diferents perspectives. Conseqüentment, pot ajudar a construir un diàleg més informat i efectiu i per tant descriure millor les interaccions entre els agents. En aquest document es descriu primer el context estudiat, escalant el problema global de la gestió de la conca fluvial a la gestiódel sistema urbà d'aigües residuals, concretament l'escenari dels abocaments industrials. A continuació, s'analitza el sistema mitjançant la descripció d'agents que interaccionen. Finalment, es descriuen alguns prototips capaços de raonar i deliberar, basats en la lògica no monòtona i en un llenguatge declaratiu (answer set programming).
És important remarcar que aquesta tesi enllaça dues disciplines: l'enginyeria ambiental (concretament l'àrea de la gestió de les aigües residuals) i les ciències de la computació (concretament l'àrea de la intel·ligència artificial), contribuint així a la multidisciplinarietat requerida per fer front al problema estudiat. L'enginyeria ambiental ens proporciona el coneixement del domini mentre que les ciències de la computació ens permeten estructurar i especificar aquest coneixement.
Wastewater management is a very complex task. There is a high number of known and an increasing number of unknown pollutants whose individual and collective effects are very difficult to predict. Identifying and evaluating the impacts of environmental problems resulting from the interactions between our social system and its natural environment is a multifaceted critical issue. Environmental managers require tools to support their diagnoses for solving these problems. The contributions of this research work are twofold: first, to propose the use of an agent-based modelling approach in order to conceptualize and integrate all elements that are directly or indirectly involved in wastewater management. Second, to propose a framework based on argumentation that allows to reason effectively. The thesis provide some real examples to show that an agent-based argumentation framework can deal with multiple interests and different agents' perspectives and goals. This help to build a more effective and informed dialog in order to better describe the interaction between agents. In this document we first describe the context under study, scaling down the global river basins system to the urban wastewater systems and giving some more details for the specific scenario of industrial wastewater discharges. Then, we analyze the system in describing intelligent agents that interact. Finally, we propose some reasoning and deliberation prototypes by using an argumentation framework founded on non-monotonic logics (i.e. permitting to learn things that were previously not known) and the answer set programming specification language (i.e. a declarative programming language). It is important to remark that this thesis links two disciplines: environmental engineering (specifically the area of wastewater management) and computer science (specifically the area of artificial intelligence), contributing to the required multidsciplinarity needed to confront the complexity of the problem under study. From environmental engineering we obtain the domain knowledge whereas the computer science field permits us to structure and specify this knowledge.
Ayuk, James Ayuk. "Modelling of nonpoint source pollution in the Kuils River Catchment, Western Cape - South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3131.
Повний текст джерелаRai, Pawan Kumar. "Simulation and control of flooding in river and urban systems." Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7589.
Повний текст джерелаEidick, Ryan. "Shaping spaces in challenged places: what to do with The Flats; Brandon's flood-prone area." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32139.
Повний текст джерелаFebruary 2017
"Optimization/Simulation Model for Determining Real-Time Optimal Operation of River-Reservoirs Systems during Flooding Conditions." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34824.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil Engineering 2015
Tremiterra, Maria Rosa. "Urban Coastal Systems and Coastal Flooding. A GIS-based tool for planning climate-sensitive cities." Tesi di dottorato, 2018. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/12571/1/tremiterra_final.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDayaratne, Sunil Thosainge. "Modelling of urban stormwater drainage systems using ILSAX." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/219/.
Повний текст джерелаCheng, Chingwen. "Social vulnerability, green infrastructure, urbanization and climate change-induced flooding: A risk assessment for the Charles River watershed, Massachusetts, USA." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3603065.
Повний текст джерелаSaha, Ujjwal. "Impacts of Climate Change on IDF Relationships for Design of Urban Stormwater Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3037.
Повний текст джерелаSaha, Ujjwal. "Impacts of Climate Change on IDF Relationships for Design of Urban Stormwater Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3037.
Повний текст джерела(7484483), Soohyun Yang. "COUPLED ENGINEERED AND NATURAL DRAINAGE NETWORKS: DATA-MODEL SYNTHESIS IN URBANIZED RIVER BASINS." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаIn urbanized river basins, sanitary wastewater and urban runoff (non-sanitary water) from urban agglomerations drain to complex engineered networks, are treated at centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and discharged to river networks. Discharge from multiple WWTPs distributed in urbanized river basins contributes to impairments of river water-quality and aquatic ecosystem integrity. The size and location of WWTPs are determined by spatial patterns of population in urban agglomerations within a river basin. Economic and engineering constraints determine the combination of wastewater treatment technologies used to meet required environmental regulatory standards for treated wastewater discharged to river networks. Thus, it is necessary to understand the natural-human-engineered networks as coupled systems, to characterize their interrelations, and to understand emergent spatiotemporal patterns and scaling of geochemical and ecological responses.
My PhD research involved data-model synthesis, using publicly available data and application of well-established network analysis/modeling synthesis approaches. I present the scope and specific subjects of my PhD project by employing the Drivers-Pressures-Status-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework. The defined research scope is organized as three main themes: (1) River network and urban drainage networks (Foundation-Pathway of Pressures); (2) River network, human population, and WWTPs (Foundation-Drivers-Pathway of Pressures); and (3) Nutrient loads and their impacts at reach- and basin-scales (Pressures-Impacts).
Three inter-related research topics are: (1) the similarities and differences in scaling and topology of engineered urban drainage networks (UDNs) in two cities, and UDN evolution over decades; (2) the scaling and spatial organization of three attributes: human population (POP), population equivalents (PE; the aggregated population served by each WWTP), and the number/sizes of WWTPs using geo-referenced data for WWTPs in three large urbanized basins in Germany; and (3) the scaling of nutrient loads (P and N) discharged from ~845 WWTPs (five class-sizes) in urbanized Weser River basin in Germany, and likely water-quality impacts from point- and diffuse- nutrient sources.
I investigate the UDN scaling using two power-law scaling characteristics widely employed for river networks: (1) Hack’s law (length-area power-law relationship), and (2) exceedance probability distribution of upstream contributing area. For the smallest UDNs, length-area scales linearly, but power-law scaling emerges as the UDNs grow. While area-exceedance plots for river networks are abruptly truncated, those for UDNs display exponential tempering. The tempering parameter decreases as the UDNs grow, implying that the distribution evolves in time to resemble those for river networks. However, the power-law exponent for mature UDNs tends to be larger than the range reported for river networks. Differences in generative processes and engineering design constraints contribute to observed differences in the evolution of UDNs and river networks, including subnet heterogeneity and non-random branching.
In this study, I also examine the spatial patterns of POP, PE, and WWTPs from two perspectives by employing fractal river networks as structural platforms: spatial hierarchy (stream order) and patterns along longitudinal flow paths (width function). I propose three dimensionless scaling indices to quantify: (1) human settlement preferences by stream order, (2) non-sanitary flow contribution to total wastewater treated at WWTPs, and (3) degree of centralization in WWTPs locations. I select as case studies three large urbanized river basins (Weser, Elbe, and Rhine), home to about 70% of the population in Germany. Across the three river basins, the study shows scale-invariant distributions for each of the three attributes with stream order, quantified using extended Horton scaling ratios; a weak downstream clustering of POP in the three basins. Variations in PE clustering among different class-sizes of WWTPs reflect the size, number, and locations of urban agglomerations in these catchments.
WWTP effluents have impacts on hydrologic attributes and water quality of receiving river bodies at the reach- and basin-scales. I analyze the adverse impacts of WWTP discharges for the Weser River basin (Germany), at two steady river discharge conditions (median flow; low-flow). This study shows that significant variability in treated wastewater discharge within and among different five class-sizes WWTPs, and variability of river discharge within the stream order <3, contribute to large variations in capacity to dilute WWTP nutrient loads. For the median flow, reach-scale water quality impairment assessed by nutrient concentration is likely at 136 (~16%) locations for P and 15 locations (~2%) for N. About 90% of the impaired locations are the stream order < 3. At basin-scale analysis, considering in stream uptake resulted 225 (~27%) P-impaired streams, which was ~5% reduction from considering only dilution. This result suggests the dominant role of dilution in the Weser River basin. Under the low flow conditions, water quality impaired locations are likely double than the median flow status for the analyses. This study for the Weser River basin reveals that the role of in-stream uptake diminishes along the flow paths, while dilution in larger streams (4≤ stream order ≤7) minimizes the impact of WWTP loads.
Furthermore, I investigate eutrophication risk from spatially heterogeneous diffuse- and point-source P loads in the Weser River basin, using the basin-scale network model with in-stream losses (nutrient uptake).Considering long-term shifts in P loads for three representative periods, my analysis shows that P loads from diffuse-sources, mainly from agricultural areas, played a dominant role in contributing to eutrophication risk since 2000s, because of ~87% reduction of point-source P loads compared to 1980s through the implementation of the EU WFD. Nevertheless, point-sources discharged to smaller streams (stream order < 3) pose amplification effects on water quality impairment, consistent with the reach-scale analyses only for WWTPs effluents. Comparing to the long-term water quality monitoring data, I demonstrate that point-sources loads are the primary contributors for eutrophication in smaller streams, whereas diffuse-source loads mainly from agricultural areas address eutrophication in larger streams. The results are reflective of spatial patterns of WWTPs and land cover in the Weser River basin.
Through data-model synthesis, I identify the characteristics of the coupled natural (rivers) – humans – engineered (urban drainage infrastructure) systems (CNHES), inspired by analogy, coexistence, and causality across the coupled networks in urbanized river basins. The quantitative measures and the basin-scale network model presented in my PhD project could extend to other large urbanized basins for better understanding the spatial distribution patterns of the CNHES and the resultant impacts on river water-quality impairment.