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1
Pung, HK. "Simulation study of a flood routing technique for mesh-like LANs." Computer Communications 13, no. 6 (July 1990): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(90)90058-o.
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2
Hagg, Wilfried, Stefan Ram, Alexander Klaus, Simon Aschauer, Sinan Babernits, Dennis Brand, Peter Guggemoos, and Theodor Pappas. "Hazard Assessment for a Glacier Lake Outburst Flood in the Mo Chu River Basin, Bhutan." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 9463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The frequency of glacier lake outbursts floods (GLOFs) is likely to increase with the ongoing glacier retreat, which produces new glacial lakes and enlarges existing ones. Here, we simulate the outburst of a potentially dangerous glacial lake in Bhutan by applying hydrodynamic modelling. Although the lake volume is known, several parameters connected to the dam breach and the routing of the flood are rough estimates or assumptions, which introduce uncertainties in the results. For this reason, we create an ensemble of nine outburst scenarios. The simulation of magnitude and timing of possible inundation depths is an important asset to prepare emergency action plans. For our case study in the Mo Chu River Basin, the results show that, even under the worst case scenario, little damage to residential buildings can be expected. However, such an outburst flood would probably destroy infrastructure and farmland and might even affect the operation of a hydroelectric powerplant more than 120 km downstream the lake. Our simulation efforts revealed that, by using a 30-m elevation model instead of a 5-m raster, flood magnitude and inundation areas are overestimated significantly, which highly suggests the use of high-resolution terrain data. These results may be a valuable input for risk mitigation efforts.
3
Cordonnier, Guillaume, Benoît Bovy, and Jean Braun. "A versatile, linear complexity algorithm for flow routing in topographies with depressions." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-549-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We present a new algorithm for solving the common problem of flow trapped in closed depressions within digital elevation models, as encountered in many applications relying on flow routing. Unlike other approaches (e.g., the Priority-Flood depression filling algorithm), this solution is based on the explicit computation of the flow paths both within and across the depressions through the construction of a graph connecting together all adjacent drainage basins. Although this represents many operations, a linear time complexity can be reached for the whole computation, making it very efficient. Compared to the most optimized solutions proposed so far, we show that this algorithm of flow path enforcement yields the best performance when used in landscape evolution models. In addition to its efficiency, our proposed method also has the advantage of letting the user choose among different strategies of flow path enforcement within the depressions (i.e., filling vs. carving). Furthermore, the computed graph of basins is a generic structure that has the potential to be reused for solving other problems as well, such as the simulation of erosion. This sequential algorithm may be helpful for those who need to, e.g., process digital elevation models of moderate size on single computers or run batches of simulations as part of an inference study.
4
Kiczko, A., R. J. Romanowicz, M. Osuch, and E. Karamuz. "Maximizing the usefulness of flood risk assessment for the River Vistula in Warsaw." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (June 13, 2013): 2695–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2695-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The derivation of flood risk maps requires an estimation of maximum inundation extent for a flood with a given return period, e.g. 100 or 500 yr. The results of numerical simulations of flood wave propagation are used to overcome the lack of relevant observations. In practice, deterministic 1-D models are used for flow routing, giving a simplified image of flood wave propagation. The solution of a 1-D model depends on the initial and boundary conditions and estimates of model parameters which are usually identified using the inverse problem based on the available noisy observations. Therefore, there is a large uncertainty involved in the derivation of flood risk maps. Bayesian conditioning based on multiple model simulations can be used to quantify this uncertainty; however, it is too computer-time demanding to be applied in flood risk assessment in practice, without further flow routing model simplifications. In order to speed up the computation times the assumption of a gradually varied flow and the application of a steady state flow routing model may be introduced. The aim of this work is an analysis of the influence of those simplifying model assumptions and uncertainty of observations and modelling errors on flood inundation mapping and a quantitative comparison with deterministic flood extent maps. Apart from the uncertainty related to the model structure and its parameters, the uncertainty of the estimated flood wave with a specified probability of return period (so-called 1-in-10 yr, or 1-in-100 yr flood) is also taken into account. In order to derive the uncertainty of inundation extent conditioned on the design flood wave, the probabilities related to the design wave and flow model uncertainties are integrated. In the present paper we take into account the dependence of roughness coefficients on discharge. The roughness is parameterised based on the available observed historical flood waves. The approach presented allows for the relationship between flood extent and flow values to be derived thus giving a cumulative assessment of flood risk. The methods are illustrated using the Warsaw reach of the River Vistula as a case study. The results indicate that the uncertainties have a substantial influence on flood risk assessment.
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Kiczko, A., R. J. Romanowicz, M. Osuch, and E. Karamuz. "Maximising the usefulness of flood risk assessment for the River Vistula in Warsaw." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 12 (December 23, 2013): 3443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3443-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The derivation of the flood risk maps requires an estimation of maximum inundation extent for a flood with a given return period, e.g. 100 or 500 yr. The results of numerical simulations of flood wave propagation are used to overcome the lack of relevant observations. In practice, deterministic 1-D models are used for that purpose. The solution of a 1-D model depends on the initial and boundary conditions and estimates of model parameters based on the available noisy observations. Therefore, there is a large uncertainty involved in the derivation of flood risk maps using a single realisation of a flow model. Bayesian conditioning based on multiple model simulations can be used to quantify this uncertainty; however, it is too computer-time demanding to be applied in flood risk assessment in practice, without further flow routing model simplifications. We propose robust and feasible methodology for estimating flood risk. In order to decrease the computation times the assumption of a gradually varied flow and the application of a steady state flow routing model is introduced. The aim of this work is an analysis of the influence of those simplifying assumptions and uncertainty of observations and modelling errors on flood inundation mapping and a quantitative comparison with deterministic flood extent maps. Apart from the uncertainty related to the model structure and its parameters, the uncertainty of the estimated flood wave with a specified probability of return period (so-called 1-in-10 yr, or 1-in-100 yr flood) is also taken into account. In order to derive the uncertainty of inundation extent conditioned on the design flood, the probabilities related to the design wave and flow model uncertainties are integrated. In the present paper that integration is done whilst taking into account the dependence of roughness coefficients on discharge. The roughness is parameterised based on maximum annual discharges. This approach allows for the relationship between flood extent and flow values to be derived, thus giving a cumulative assessment of flood risk. The methods are illustrated using the Warsaw reach of the River Vistula as a case study. The results indicate that deterministic and stochastic flood inundation maps cannot be quantitatively compared. We show that the proposed simplified approach to flood risk assessment can be applied even when breaching of the embankment occurs, with the condition that the flooded area is small enough to be filled rapidly.
6
Dang, Chao, Yu Ding, Zun Lan Cheng, and Na Na Chu. "A Simple Model for Natural Dam Break: I Formulation." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A mathematical model to simulate the natural dam break process and to forecast the flood hydrograph in the breach is developed in this paper. The breach is assumed trapezoidal, coupling with the bottom width and side slope angle keeping constants during the overall process of dam breach. Simulation of dam breach evolution is based on the conservation of mass of reservoir capacity and sediment transport capacity. Particularly, broad-crest weir relation is utilized to simulate the outflow in the breach, and an empirical equation is used to compute the rate of erosion in the breached section. Because of the implicit form of these equations, an iterative solution is proposed with convergence achieved in a few iterations. The model can be used by engineers or decision makers for a wide range of applications including risk assessment of natural dams, flood routing forecasting in the downstream reach as well as floodplain inundation mapping .
7
Tseng, Ming-Hseng. "Kinematic wave computation using an efficient implicit method." Journal of Hydroinformatics 12, no. 3 (January 7, 2010): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2010.068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The kinematic wave theorem is the simplest and widely employed distributed routing method used in practical applications for the computation of flood wave propagation in overland and open-channel flows with steep topography. In this paper, an efficient finite-difference implicit MacCormack scheme is developed for the simulation of one-dimensional kinematic wave flows. Simulated results are compared with two analytical solutions and one experimental measurement to assess the performance of an explicit MacCormack scheme, implicit nonlinear kinematic wave scheme and implicit MacCormack scheme. The computed results show that the proposed implicit MacCormack scheme is simple, accurate, highly stable and greatly efficient in solving kinematic wave problems.
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Patil, Vaishnavi Kiran, Vidya R. Saraf, Omkesh V. Karad, Swapnil B. Ghodke, Dnyanesvar Gore, and Shweta S. Dhekale. "Simulation of Rainfall Runoff Process Using HEC-HMS Model for Upper Godavari Basin Maharashtra, India." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hydrologic Engineering Centers Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall- runoff process. Hydrological modeling is a commonly used tool to estimate the basin’s hydrological response due to precipitation. It allows to predict the hydrologic response to various watershed management practices and to have a better understanding of the impacts of these practices. It is evident from the extensive review of the literature that the studies on comparative assessment of watershed models for hydrologic simulations are very much limited in developing countries including India. In this study, modified SCS Curve Number method is applied to determine loss model as a major component in rainfall-runoff modeling. The study of HEC-HMS model is used to simulate rainfallrunoff process in Nashik region (Upper Godavari basin), Maharashtra. To compute runoff volume, peak runoff rate, and flow routing methods SCS curve number, SCS unit hydrograph, Exponential recession and Muskingum routing methods are chosen, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that HEC-HMS tool applied to watershed proved to be useful in achieving the various objectives. The study confirmed a significant increase in runoff as a result of urbanization. It is a powerful tool for flood forecasting Index
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Patil, Vaishnavi Kiran, Vidya R. Saraf, Omkesh V. Karad, Swapnil B. Ghodke, Dnyanesvar Gore, and Shweta S. Dhekale. "Simulation of Rainfall Runoff Process Using HEC-HMS Model for Upper Godavari Basin Maharashtra, India." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.4.927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hydrologic Engineering Centers Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall- runoff process. Hydrological modeling is a commonly used tool to estimate the basin’s hydrological response due to precipitation. It allows to predict the hydrologic response to various watershed management practices and to have a better understanding of the impacts of these practices. It is evident from the extensive review of the literature that the studies on comparative assessment of watershed models for hydrologic simulations are very much limited in developing countries including India. In this study, modified SCS Curve Number method is applied to determine loss model as a major component in rainfall-runoff modeling. The study of HEC-HMS model is used to simulate rainfallrunoff process in Nashik region (Upper Godavari basin), Maharashtra. To compute runoff volume, peak runoff rate, and flow routing methods SCS curve number, SCS unit hydrograph, Exponential recession and Muskingum routing methods are chosen, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that HEC-HMS tool applied to watershed proved to be useful in achieving the various objectives. The study confirmed a significant increase in runoff as a result of urbanization. It is a powerful tool for flood forecasting Index
10
Cui, Yiyuan, Guodong Mei, Yali Wang, and Shan Wang. "Development of Tailings Pond Flood Routing Simulation System Based on LabVIEW." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Flood routing is an important work for tailings ponds to flood control. Although the flood routing method is relatively mature, the manual calculation and parameter selection still remain a major challenge for field engineers. In this study, a program, developed by LabVIEW, is introduced to improve the tailings ponds flood routing calculation. The developed program provides two flood generation calculation methods and four kinds of flood discharge model, which can be applied to any tailings pond and achieves flood routing fast and accurately. An application of Dexing 4# tailings pond is conducted to verify the function of program. The result indicates that the program shows good performance on calculation speed and accuracy.
11
Vanijjirattikhan, Rangsarit, Chinoros Thongthamchart, Patsorn Rakcheep, Unpong Supakchukul, and Jittiwut Suwatthikul. "Reservoir Flood Routing Simulation for Dam Safety Management in Thailand." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A reservoir flood routing simulation software with spillway operation rules that are readable and configurable by the spillway operator is developed in this study. The software is part of the Dam Safety Remote Monitoring System used by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. The flood routing simulation is implemented using a storage-indication routing method, which is a hydrologic method. The spillway operation rules are exhibited in a tree-based structure, in which the spillway gate opening is derived from the current reservoir water level (RWL), spillway gate opening, and flood situation if the peak inflow has passed. The simulation results show that the simulated RWL is similar to the RWL data in the dam construction manual. This verifies the accuracy of the reservoir flood routing simulation, which is useful for planning the spillway operation.
12
Thandaveswara, B. S., and N. Sajikumar. "Flood Routing Using Spreadsheet." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 6, no. 2 (November 6, 2008): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.1991.tb00185.x.
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13
Zhu, Jun, Yi Li, and Ya Hu. "A Virtual Geographic Environment for Simulation Analysis of Dam-Break Flood Routing." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dam-break flood affected by highly changing and complex environment, has some characteristics including the sudden of occurrence, the rapid of expansion and the urgency of respond. This paper focuses on how to develop a virtual geographic environment (VGE) system to study the dam-break flood routing and its impact. Unlike existing work, our methods pay attention to the multidimensional and dynamic analysis methods in virtual geographic environment, which make flood routing easily understood to public and officers. Moreover, some GIS spatial analysis and real-time interactive operation with the VGE will also be implemented to support the risk assessment of the dam-break. Finally, a prototype system is developed to construct a virtual geographic environment for impact analysis of dam-break flood routing and dynamic interaction. Experimental results prove that the scheme addressed in the paper is effective and feasible.
14
Huang, Jing, Jiqing Li, and Pengteng Liang. "Inflow Flood Simulation and Risk Analysis of Cascade Reservoirs." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The risk of flood control in cascade reservoirs reflects the possibility of unforeseen events in upstream reservoirs under certain space-time conditions during the operation of flood control. Using @RISK software and a stochastic simulation model to simulate the inflow flood of cascade reservoirs, the flood routing of cascade reservoirs and the risk analysis of the highest water level were carried out based on the flood regulation rules of Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs. The results of simulation calculations show that the risk rate of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoir is lower than its design flood standard, which can ensure the safety of flood control.
15
Hellmers, Sandra, and Peter Fröhle. "Computation of backwater effects in surface waters of lowland catchments including control structures – an efficient and re-usable method implemented in the hydrological open-source model Kalypso-NA (4.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1061–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1061-2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Backwater effects in surface water streams and on adjacent lowland areas caused by mostly complex drainage and flow control structures are not directly computed with hydrological approaches yet. A solution to this weakness in hydrological modelling is presented in this article. The developed method enables transfer of discharges into water levels and calculation of backwater volume routing along streams and adjacent lowland areas by balancing water level slopes. The implemented and evaluated method extends the application of hydrological models for rainfall–runoff simulations of backwater-affected catchments with the advantages of (1) modelling complex flow control systems in tidal backwater-affected lowlands, (2) less effort to parameterise river streams, (3) directly defined input factors of driving forces (climate change and urbanisation) and (4) runtime reduction of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in comparison to coupled hydrodynamic models. The developed method is implemented in the open-source rainfall–runoff model Kalypso-NA (4.0). Evaluation results show the applicability of the model for simulating rainfall–runoff regimes and backwater effects in an exemplary lowland catchment (Hamburg, Germany) with a complex flow control system and where the drainage is influenced by a tidal range of about 4 m. The proposed method is applicable to answer a wide scope of hydrological and water management questions, e.g. water balances, flood forecasts and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures. It is re-usable to other hydrological numerical models, which apply conceptual hydrological flood-routing approaches (e.g. Muskingum–Cunge or Kalinin–Miljukov).
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Hu, Liangming, Xu Yang, Qian Li, and Shuyu Li. "Numerical Simulation and Risk Assessment of Cascade Reservoir Dam-Break." Water 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the fact that cascade reservoirs are built in a large number of river basins nowadays, there is still an absence of studies on sequential embankment dam-break in cascade reservoirs. Therefore, numerical simulations and risk analyses of cascade reservoir dam-break are of practical engineering significance. In this study, by means of contacting the hydraulic features of upstream and downstream reservoirs with flood routing simulation (FRS) and flood-regulating calculation (FRC), a numerical model for the whole process of cascade reservoir breaching simulation (CRBS) is established based on a single-embankment dam-break model (Dam Breach Analysis—China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (DB-IWHR)). In a case study of a fundamental cascade reservoir system, in the upstream Tangjiashan barrier lake and the downstream reservoir II, the whole process of cascade reservoir dam-break is simulated and predicted under working schemes of different discharge capacities, and the risk of cascading breaching was also evaluated through CRBS. The results show that, in the dam-break of Tangjiashan barrier lake, the calculated values of the peak outflow rate are about 10% more than the recorded data, which are in an acceptable range. In the simulation of flood routing, the dam-break flood arrived at the downstream reservoir after 3 h. According to the predicted results of flood-regulating calculations and the dam-break simulation in the downstream reservoir, the risk of sequential dam-break can be effectively reduced by setting early warnings to decrease reservoir storage in advance and adding a second discharge tunnel to increase the discharge capacity. Alongside the simulation of flood routing and flood regulation, the whole process of cascade dam-break was completely simulated and the results of CRBS tend to be more reasonable; CRBS shows the great value of engineering application in the risk assessment and flood control of cascade reservoirs as an universal numerical prediction model.
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Renaningsih, Saraswati, Rachmad Jayadi, and Istiarto Istiarto. "Integrated Simulation of Spillway and Diversion Structure in Flood Risk Assessment of Upper Solo River." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.34166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wonogiri Reservoir is a multi-purpose hydraulic structure that is used for water supply service and flood control in the watershed area of Upper Solo River. Inflow of the Wonogiri Reservoir comes from 10 rivers in the watershed’s catchment area. As for the purpose of reservoir’s sediment controller, a new spillway is constructed; and also closure dike is being built, which influenced the change on reservoir storage characteristic, and then means that a new reservoir operation guideline is necessary. Therefore, study on flood routing on the watershed of Upper Solo River at the new condition of the reservoir operation is needed. The analysis was conducted to acquire detailed information on flood characteristics of Wonogiri Reservoir and Upper Solo River started from the downstream of the reservoir until the downstream control point in the Jurug Water Level Recorder including the flood discharge and the maximum water level. The analysis procedure was performed by four components, which are flood forecasting, reservoir flood routing, rainfall-runoff lateral inflow, and hydraulic channel routing. The analysis result was integrated into a software package which was arranged by using the Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2012, Microsoft Access, and HEC-RAS. With the support of the software, it was expected that the decision making in the spillway operational is more quickly and more accurate (rapid assessment) in order to improve the flood control performance in the area of Upper Solo River.
18
Zhang, Jia Hua, and Chi Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Flash Floods Routing Based on Improved Leap-Frog Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
in the 2-d numerical simulation of flash flood disaster, due to flood often occurred in the steep terrain and water flow rapidly changed, lead to that the calculated value is unstable and even the calculation diverge in the simulation. This paper presents a grid outflow correction method, which is based on the leap-frog finite difference format, through modifying the outflow rate of the grid circularly, to ensure the mass conservation in the whole process of computing. In the local dam bursting model, the simulated result comparison of the grid outflow correction method and the algorithm of implicit alternating direction on the mass conservation shows that, the new method can ensure the simulation accuracy and the numerical stability under the condition of steep terrain and moving boundary. According to the proposed method, the simulation analysis in the process of extreme flash flood disasters which happened in 2010 Zhouqu county in Gansu province was carried out. The comparison of simulation results and remote sensing estimation results shows that the deviation of the flood evolution time, speed and impact height are within 5%, and the consistency of evolution path is good, which verifies the validity of the algorithm.
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Sahoo, Laxminarayan, Supriyan Sen, Kalishankar Tiwary, Sovan Samanta, and Tapan Senapati. "Modified Floyd–Warshall’s Algorithm for Maximum Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks under Uncertainty." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5973433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this paper is to find the duration of maximum time connectivity of sensor nodes under uncertainty utilizing the prespecified voltage/power of each sensor node. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of nodes that transmit data between each other over routing. A variety of routing protocols and algorithms exist, each related to a particular set of conditions. There are a variety of routing algorithms available, some of which can be used in WSNs for routing. The goal of the fastest distance routing algorithms in a WSN is to use the least amount of energy possible. In a WSN, Dijkstra’s algorithm is typically used for shortest path routing. The Floyd–Warshall’s algorithm is used to compute the shortest paths between distinct nodes in a regular graph, but due to the absence of a communication mode, this algorithm is not ideal for routing in wireless networks. In this research work, we have considered a WSN to find out the maximum connectivity time utilizing optimum voltage. On the other hand, duration of connectivity and energy/voltage are two vital parameters that are difficult to manage. Because of limited resources and safety concerns, safety implementation is limited. Also, due to the irregular/hazardous environmental situations, the distance between sensor nodes and its voltage to link up the nodes are totally unpredictable. In this work, we employ triangular fuzzy numbers to express unpredictability. Then, utilizing defuzzification of fuzzy numbers, the associated WSN problem was transformed into a crisp one. The widely used signed distance approach has been applied for the defuzzification of fuzzy numbers in this case. To determine the best outcome and to illustrate the usefulness of the suggested technique, a numerical example has been solved using the modified Floyd–Warshall’s algorithm. Finally, concluding remarks on the proposed approach as well as future studies have been provided.
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Ji, Yong, Xinfa Xu, Jinbao Wan, and Songtao Hu. "Research on Simulation of Diversion Flood Routing for Kangshang Flood Storage in Poyang Lake Region." Procedia Engineering 28 (2012): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.800.
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Zhang, Xiao Lei, and Shao Lei Guo. "Application of MIKE21 MODEL on Flood Routing in the Lower Yellow River from Gaocun to Sunkou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2-D water flow mathematical model based on MIKE 21 software which reflects flood routing in the reach from Gaocun to Sunkou has been developed in this paper. Through the numerical simulation of the “96.8” typical flood, the simulating results in the condition of present topography are agreement with the measured ones. It shows that this model is basically reasonable in the selection aspects of river terrain, boundary treatment, roughness and water flow parameters, and the model has a reference value for simulating flood routing in the Lower Yellow River.
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Putra, Febryhandi Eka Kusuma, Ahmad Zaki Romadhoni, and Idham Riyando Moe. "Flood Evaluation in Bula District Seram Bagian Timur." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i2.36163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bula District is strategic region in Seram Bagian Timur Regency which often experienced flood event especially in downstream areas. Flood Event that occurs causing loss of materials, even human life. This research was conducted to identify inundation that caused by the flood using two-dimensional inundation model. Model’s component consists of three part those are hydrology module, flood routing and inland flooding. Flood simulation result was calibrated with flood observation map in Bula District. Flood simulation resulted with flood discharge 25-year times period shows that inundation area that probably happen in Bula District is 5,4 km2 and flood volume that probably happen is 7,406,708 m3. Bila Besar Watershed contribute >70% to flood event that occurs based on inundation area and flood volume. Based on map overlay between simulation result into Satellite Google Imagery shows that 31.8% of 2,390 unit building in Bula District probably inundated by flood.
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Shen, Yanxia, Chunbo Jiang, Qi Zhou, Dejun Zhu, and Di Zhang. "A Multigrid Dynamic Bidirectional Coupled Surface Flow Routing Model for Flood Simulation." Water 13, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface flow routing is an important component in hydrologic and hydrodynamic research. Based on a literature review and comparing the different coupling models (the hydrologic model and hydrodynamic model), a multigrid dynamic bidirectional coupled surface flow routing model (M-DBCM), consisting of diffusion wave equations (DWEs) and shallow water equations (SWEs), is proposed herein based on grids with different resolutions. DWEs were applied to obtain runoff routing in coarse grid regions to improve the computational efficiency, while the DWEs and SWEs were bidirectionally coupled to detail the flood dynamics in fine grid regions to obtain good accuracy. In fine grid zones, the DWEs and SWEs were connected by an internal moving boundary, which ensured the conservation of mass and momentum through the internal moving boundary. The DWEs and SWEs were solved by using the time explicit scheme, and different time steps were adopted in regions with different grid sizes. The proposed M-DBCM was validated via three cases, and the results showed that the M-DBCM can effectively simulate the process of surface flow routing, which had reliable computational efficiency while maintaining satisfactory simulation accuracy. The rainfall runoff in the Goodwin Creek Watershed was simulated based on the proposed M-DBCM. The results showed that the discharge hydrographs simulated by the M-DBCM were closer to the measured data, and the simulation results were more realistic and reliable, which will be useful in assisting flood mitigation and management.
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Wang, L. L., D. H. Chen, Z. J. Li, and L. N. Zhao. "Coupling Green-Ampt infiltration method and two-dimensional kinematic wave theory for flood forecast in semi-arid catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 24, 2011): 8035–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-8035-2011.
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Abstract. Due to the specific characteristics of semi-arid catchments, this paper aims to establish a grid-and-Green-Ampt-and-two-dimensional-kinematic-wave-based distributed hydrological physical model (Grid-GA-2D model) coupling Green-Ampt infiltration method and two dimensional overland flow routing model based on kinematic wave theory for flood simulation and forecasting with using GIS technology and digital elevation model (DEM). Taking into consideration the soil moisture redistribution at hillslope, Green-Ampt infiltration physical method is applied for grid-based runoff generation and two-dimensional implicit finite difference kinematic wave model is introduced to solve depressions water storing for grid-based overland flow concentration routing in the Grid-GA-2D model. The Grid-GA-2D model, the Grid-GA model with coupling Green-Ampt infiltration method and one-dimension kinematic wave theory, and Shanbei model were employed to the upper Kongjiapo catchment in Qin River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 1454 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that two grid-based distributed hydrological models perform better in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi-arid catchments. Comparing with the Grid-GA model, the flood peak simulation accuracy of the newly developed model is higher.
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Afshar, Abbas, and Zeinab Takbiri. "Fusegates selection and operation: simulation–optimization approach." Journal of Hydroinformatics 14, no. 2 (August 24, 2011): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.154.
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Fusegates present a reliable and cost-effective alternative, which increase flood protection and water supply benefits. This article develops a comprehensive simulation–optimization framework for practical selection, installation, and operation of fusegates. The computational model simulates the complicated hydraulic behavior of fusegates systems with varying design characteristics and consequential anomalous routing process in case of flood events. An efficient mixed genetic algorithm (GA) is subsequently developed and coupled with the highly nonlinear hydraulic simulation model to minimize the overall expected annual cost under structural, hydraulic, and operational constraints. Types, heights, and tipping heads of gates are explicitly treated as optimization decision variables. Furthermore, the frequent practice of installing all gates in the same level is practically improved to favorably help minimize water loss in case of moderate discharge floods. The proposed model is demonstrated and discussed for a case study of the Taleghan Dam fusegates installation project in Iran. A series of sensitivity analyses are also conducted to assess routing effect and uncertainty in water unit price and replacement costs and provide more insight and understanding of the design problem.
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Karahan, Halil. "Predicting Muskingum flood routing parameters using spreadsheets." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 20, no. 2 (December 28, 2009): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.20394.
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Chen, Sihan, Yingjin Li, Zhong Tian, and Qiang Fan. "On Dam-Break Flow Routing in Confluent Channels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224384.
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The flood propagation at a confluence of channels exhibits a unique routing pattern, while there are few studies on the routing of dam-break flow in confluent channels. In this study, we conducted physical experiments and a numerical simulation to investigate the influence of different confluence angles on the routing of a dam-break flood. Experiments were carried out in smooth, transparent, rectangular prismatic channels to study the dam-break flow under four different confluence angles. The flow velocity was measured using an image processing technique, and the surface flow field was effectively captured by synchronously recording the particle motion images. Based on the variation of the water level and flow discharge, as the confluence angle increased, the retardation and abatement effects on the flood increased. Specifically, the flood arrival time was delayed by approximately 0.91% to 21.18%, and the peak flood discharge was reduced by approximately 9.05% to 58.36%. Combined with the surface flow field at the confluence and in the downstream sections, as the confluence angle increased, the impact points at the confluence and in the downstream straight sections moved upward, and the impact range was reduced. Combined with the pressure variation pattern, the routing of dam-break flow in the confluent channels experienced a process of impact-reflection-return-attenuation.
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Jiang, L., Y. Chen, and H. Wang. "Urban flood simulation based on the SWMM model." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 6, 2015): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-186-2015.
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Abstract. China is the nation with the fastest urbanization in the past decades which has caused serious urban flooding. Flood forecasting is regarded as one of the important flood mitigation methods, and is widely used in catchment flood mitigation, but is not widely used in urban flooding mitigation. This paper, employing the SWMM model, one of the widely used urban flood planning and management models, simulates the urban flooding of Dongguan City in the rapidly urbanized southern China. SWMM is first set up based on the DEM, digital map and underground pipeline network, then parameters are derived based on the properties of the subcatchment and the storm sewer conduits; the parameter sensitivity analysis shows the parameter robustness. The simulated results show that with the 1-year return period precipitation, the studied area will have no flooding, but for the 2-, 5-, 10- and 20-year return period precipitation, the studied area will be inundated. The results show the SWMM model is promising for urban flood forecasting, but as it has no surface runoff routing, the urban flooding could not be forecast precisely.
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Wang, Xiaojing, Lianguo Zhao, Jingnan Zhang, Tianyuan Zou, and Nan Zhang. "Applicability Analysis of Different Runoff Schemes of the Gulang River Basin in Arid Region of Gansu Province, China." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235001026.
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[Background] Mountain torrent disasters are one of the deadliest weather-related natural disasters in the world, often causing extremely serious economic and property losses and casualties; in recent years, due to heavy rainfall and complex geological and geomorphological conditions, mountain torrent disasters have occurred frequently in Gansu Province. An effective rainfall-runoff model is the key to prevent them. There are still many problems about how to establish suitable hydrological models in the arid basin of China. [Methods] Therefore, the Gulang River Basin in Gansu Province was selected as the research area to construct the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model; through the screening of different runoff methods, different runoff schemes were established to explore the optimal runoff algorithm for the arid basin; there are mainly SCS-CN method, initial and constant method, Green and Ampt method and exponential loss method in runoff generation; SCS unit hydrograph and Clark unit hydrograph methods are selected for slope transform, kinematic wave and lag algorithms for channel routing, totally 16 different runoff schemes. Three floods in the Gulang River Basin are selected to analyze the simulation effect of different runoff schemes in Gulang River Basin. [Results]1) If the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is selected as the evaluation index, the best simulation results are schemes 1 and 16 in the 20180826 flood, schemes 2 and 1 in the 20190626 flood and schemes 1 and 3 in the 20190911 flood. If the percentage of flood peak error is selected as the evaluation index, the best simulation results are schemes 16 and 1 in the 20180826 flood, schemes 9 and 6 in the 20190626 flood and schemes 13 and 4 in the 20190911 flood.If the percentage of runoff depth error is selected as indicator, the best simulation results are schemes 1 and 8 in the 20180826 flood, schemes 7 and 8 in the 20190626 flood and schemes 6 and 13 in the 20190911 flood. 2)The mean value of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient obtained by the SCS-CN method for runoff generation, the SCS unit hydrograph for slope transform and the lag algorithm for channel routing are 0.8, 0.65 and 0.65, respectively; the mean absolute percentage errors of flood peak are 9.29%, 9.71% and 8.47%, respectively; the mean absolute percentage errors of runoff depth are 6.07%, 7.17% and 7.74%, respectively; the mean time difference of flood peak of SCS unit hydrograph for slope transform and lag algorithm for channel routing are 1.21 hour and 1.5 hour, respectively.[Conclusion]The most suitable scheme is the combination of the SCS-CN method for runoff generation, SCS unit hydrograph for slope transform, and lag algorithm for channel routing. The results can provide a certain reference for the prevention of flood disasters in the arid region of Gansu Province.
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Ynaotou, R. Jayadi, A. P. Rahardjo, and D. A. Puspitosari. "Identification of Flood-prone Areas using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS, the Case of Ciberang River Basin, Lebak District of Banten Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012082.
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Abstract It is common practice that flood hydrograph simulations help to provide better flood prediction and flood damage reduction planning. These efforts require information on flood-prone areas identification from the hydrological and hydraulic analysis results. Historically, the Ciberang River Basin has experienced floods. Those floods cause the loss of human life and damage some houses along the river’s channels, especially in Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to identify flood-prone areas based on the simulation result of a hydrologic and hydraulic model of catchment response due to several extreme rainfall events using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software. Rainfall and discharge data measured at the Ciberang-Sabagi water level gauge on 10 January 2013 were used to calibrate hydrological watershed parameters. The hydraulics channel routing is started from the planned location of the Sabo dam to the downstream control point. The next stage was the simulation of rainfall-runoff transformation and 1D unsteady flow channel routing for the 2, 5, and 10-years floods return periods. The main result of this study is a flood hazards map that shows the spatial distribution of the area and inundation depth for each return period of the flood.
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Jer Lang Hong and Kee An Hong. "FLOOD PREDICTION FOR KLANG RIVER USING MUSKINGUM AND ANN MODELS." Journal of The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia 79, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54552/v79i2.2.
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Temporal and spatial variations of a flood hydrograph moving through a river reach can be simulated using flood routing tools such as hydrodynamic, hydrological and the ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) models. The ANN models have emerged as viable tools in flood routing and are widely adopted for this purpose. The aim of this study is to make an objective comparison of these two flood routing models to evaluate their individual performance. Four flood events recorded for Klang river at Kuala Lumpur in the period October 1973 to December 1974 for stations at Leboh Pasar and Sulaiman Bridge which are 950m apart were used for this study. The statistical performance of the models is assessed using criteria such as peak flow, root mean square error, mean absolute error and Nash –sutcliffe coefficient. Results from calibration runs for the 02/05/1974 flood event show that the MAE, RMSE and NAE for ANN and Muskingum models are 0.75,1.24,0.9917 and 1.1,1.3, 0.992 respectively. The performance of the two models was verified using three other different events. Results of simulation runs for the 10/12/1974 event gave 2.72, 3.24, 0.96 and 2.1,3.1,0.963 MAE, RMSE and NAE values for ANN and Muskingum. Graphical inspections and statistical tests show that the ANN and Muskingum methods performed equally well in flood prediction for this study, using the flood events of Klang river.
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Zhang, Shang Hong, Yan Liu, and Zhong Xi Xia. "Flood Submergence Processes Simulation Based on Virtual Reality." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4210.
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Flood submergence process simulation has important practical significance for flood control and disaster alleviation. An integrated information expression was developed to simulate flooding submergence. The Songhua River and urban area in Harbin, China were used as an example with the terrain described by a triangular mesh to describe the topological relations. A hydrodynamic model was used to calculate the water level of Songhua River, and submerged areas along the river were calculated by grid adjusting method for levees. The flooding process of levee-breach flow in Harbin city was simulated by using two methods: hydrodynamic model calculations method and water depth comparison method. Comparison of the two methods in terms of advantages and disadvantages were made. Combining hydrodynamic modeling method and domain searching method realized smooth simulation of flood routing process in three-dimensional virtual environment. The study presents the integrated information such as the geographical environment, flooded areas, flooding extent, and water depth distribution in the three-dimensional virtual environment, thus, can help improve flood submergence forecasting and decision.
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Li, Zhi, Shang Gao, Mengye Chen, Jonathan Gourley, Naoki Mizukami, and Yang Hong. "CREST-VEC: a framework towards more accurate and realistic flood simulation across scales." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 6181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6181-2022.
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Abstract. Large-scale (i.e., continental and global) hydrologic simulation is an appealing yet challenging topic for the hydrologic community. First and foremost, model efficiency and scalability (flexibility in resolution and discretization) have to be prioritized. Then, sufficient model accuracy and precision are required to provide useful information for water resource applications. Towards this goal, we craft two objectives for improving US current operational hydrological models: (1) vectorized routing and (2) improved hydrological processes. This study presents a hydrologic modeling framework, CREST-VEC, that combines a gridded water balance model and a newly developed vector-based routing scheme. First, in contrast to a conventional fully gridded model, this framework can significantly reduce the computational cost of river routing by at least 10 times, based on experiments at regional (0.07 vs. 0.002 s per step) and continental scales (0.35 vs. 7.2 s per step). This provides adequate time efficiency for generating operational ensemble streamflow forecasts and even probabilistic estimates across scales. Second, the performance using the new vector-based routing is improved, with the median-aggregated NSE (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) score increasing from −0.06 to 0.18 over the CONUS (contiguous US). Third, with the lake module incorporated, the NSE score is further improved by 56.2 % and the systematic bias is reduced by 17 %. Lastly, over 20 % of the false alarms on 2-year floods in the US can be mitigated with the lake module enabled, at the expense of only missing 2.3 % more events. This study demonstrated the advantages of the proposed hydrological modeling framework, which could provide a solid basis for continental- and global-scale water modeling at fine resolution. Furthermore, the use of ensemble forecasts can be incorporated into this framework; and thus, optimized streamflow prediction with quantified uncertainty information can be achieved in an operational fashion for stakeholders and decision-makers.
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Ekaningtyas, Listyo Rini. "Flood Inundation Prediction of Logung River due to the Break of Logung Dam." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 3, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.28109.
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The construction of Logung Dam in Kudus Regency is aimed to reduce the inundation area at downstream of Logung River, particularly during the rainy season. Besides, the potential water of Logung Dam is used for for irrigation and non-irrigation services. In order to mitigate the flood disaster that may arise in the downstream area, various preparedness should be established including the identification of flood hazard characteristics that may be caused by the break of the Logung Dam. This paper presents the results of Logung Dam break analysis using the levee pool routing model and the 2-D channel routing of the HEC-RAS 5.0 Version software. The initial value of breach parameter was calculated using the Froehlich’s equation, and variation of breaking times (1, 2, and 3 hours) were applied to study the generated hydrograph based on the corresponding elevation-storage curve. Furthermore, the simulation of channel routing at downstream of the dam was carried out in three different scenarios based on the bridges condition at downstream of the Logung Dam. Scenario 1 assumed that bridges will be safe enough against flood. Scenario 2 assumed that the bridges would only be safe at flood with return period lower than 20 years, whereas the scenario 3 assumed that bridges would be collapsed due to the flood at design flood with several return periods. The simulation results showed that the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) with peak discharge of 1,303.60 m3/s did not generate overtopping. The peak discharge through the dam body was 15,022 m3/s at the first 40 minutes. It took 7 hours and 30 minutes to decrease the water level of the reservoir from +95.2 m to +38 m. In scenario 2, the simulation used 20 years return period flood with velocity in cross section before the Bridge RS 3700 was 7.21 m/s and before Bridge RS 6800 was 5.72 m/s. Furthermore, the 2-D simulation results showed that at the near downstream of the Logung Dam, the maximum depth was 55 m and the maximum velocity was 39 m/s. Several prone areas to flood caused by the dam break are the villages at the left side of the downstream Logung River including Bulung Cangkring, Bulung Kulon, Sidomulyo, Pladen and Jekulo village.
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Xin-yu, Wan, Zhong Ping-an, Chen Xuan, Dai Li, and Jia Ben-you. "Computer Simulation of Flood Scheduling in Large Scale Flood Control Systems." Procedia Engineering 29 (2012): 3267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.478.
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Nadeem, Imran, Sheik Uduman, and Aijaz Dar. "An integrated bus - based routing and dispatching approach for flood evacuation." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 30, no. 4 (2020): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor190415028n.
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Floods are among the most persistent natural disasters that lead to massive economic and human loss globally. In this regard, this study has proposed an optimisation model for evacuating people before the occurrence of the flood using bus transit. The process of evacuation commences with the issue of warning and extends up to a certain time before the flood forecasts to strike. This model provides an optimised framework for 1) Locating pickup points and shelters, 2) Assigning pickup points to the nearest shelter by opting the shortest route among the available routes. On the basis of demand, each pickup point is allocated with a certain number of trips. The modelling of dispatch sequence of public buses, random adventing of evacuees at pickup points and evacuees transit to the shelters are presented by developing a simulation tool. The results of simulation serve for assessing the route design and then, a local search heuristic is suggested to improve the route design during the evacuation.
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Yanmaz, A. Melih, and M. Engin Gunindi. "Assessment of overtopping reliability and benefits of a flood detention dam." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-052.
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There is a growing tendency to assess safety levels of existing dams and to design new dams using probabilistic approaches according to project characteristics and site-specific conditions. This study is a probabilistic assessment of the overtopping reliability of a dam, which will be designed for flood detention purpose, and will compute the benefits that can be gained as a result of the implementation of this dam. In a case study, a bivariate flood frequency analysis was carried out using a five-parameter bivariate gamma distribution. A family of joint return period curves relating the runoff peak discharges to the runoff volumes at the dam site was derived. A number of hydrographs were also obtained under a joint return period of 100 years to observe the variation of overtopping tendency. The maximum reservoir elevation and overtopping reliability were determined by performing a probabilistic reservoir routing based on Monte Carlo simulations.
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Kim, H., G. Pak, H. Jun, S. Kim, and J. Yoon. "Distributed modelling of urban runoff using a meta-channel concept." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.187.
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Hydraulic flood routing is advantageous for computational accuracy; however, it requires individual calculations of an extensive pipe network in the case of a two-dimensional analysis. In this study, a method for considering the characteristics of a two-dimensional pipe network has been developed using the meta-channel concept to simplify the detailed calculations involved in the estimation of runoff from urban catchments. In essence, the meta-channel concept turns a two-dimensional pipe network into a one-dimensional pipe with an effective hydraulic geometry. Once such geometry has been identified, the flood routing can then be performed for an urban drainage system. A nonlinear diffusion wave equation, derived from the Saint-Venant equation, was used for flood routing, with an explicit method used for the numerical solution. The celerity and diffusion coefficients, which are two parameters of the diffusion wave equation, were estimated for the Goonja drainage from a two-dimensional pipe network using the meta-channel concept. A comparison of the results of the meta-channel-based pipe routing with the distributed SWMM simulation and observed data, showed close similarities, and identified the applicability of the meta-channel concept in an urban drainage setting.
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Jayadi, Rachmad, Istiarto, and Ansita Gukitapingin Pradipta. "Impact of Sedimentation Counter Measure on the Performance of Flood Control: A Case Study of Wonogiri Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 881 (May 2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.881.78.
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The Wonogiri Reservoir with 1.343 km2 catchment area has a major problem of sedimentation. To overcome this issue, a new spillway has been built and closure dike is being constructed to localize sediment inflow from the Keduang watershed. Study on the effect of the closure and overflow dike on the reservoir operation in flood period is necessary to evaluate the performance of flood control related to the flood risk in the downstream area of the reservoir. For this purpose, the reservoir routing simulation model was developed under two condition, namely old condition and new condition with the new spillway and closure dike. The reservoir routing simulation was conducted for three inflow hydrographs of 60 and 500 years return period, and probable maximum flood (PMF). The results show that the presence of closure dike causes the peak outflow discharge increases to 1.45%, 75.18% and 56.28% for inflow hydrograph of 60 years, 500 years return period and PMF, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum water level also increases by 0.3 m, 1.9 m and 0.9 m for those three new design floods respectively. In order to reduce the dam overtopping failure chance of the 500 years return period flood, it is recommended to operate full opening of the new spillway gate when the water level reaches elevation +135.6 m MSL.
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Alabi, A. E., O. S. Ayoola, and O. A. Fakolujo. "Fuzzy Logic-based Data Controlled Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol for Flood Early Warning." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 3 (November 5, 2021): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i3.1.
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Floods account for 15% of all natural disasters related deaths. Therefore, early flood warning systems using wireless network of sensors installed in flood prone areas is necessary to provide early notice of impending flood. This research focuses on the use of an energy efficient routing protocol to prolong the life time of the Network. The importance of this is to minimize energy consumption as necessary for reliable field operations. It adopts the use of mandami Fuzzy logic-based data controlled routing protocol (F-DCRP).Simulation was carried out for the F-DCRP, LEACH and Crisp Data controlled routing protocol (DCRP). The performance of the three protocols were obtained and compared. The result showed that Cluster head (CH) load was better shared uniformly among all the nodes. Percentage of packets dropped showed that the proposed F-DCRP was 10% lower compared to DCRP and 50% lower compared to LEACH resulting in more packets sent per round and greater reliability compared to LEACH and DCRP. The network lifetime was also improved by 40 % when compared to LEACH and DCRP.
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Liu, X. J., D. H. Zhong, D. W. Tong, Z. Y. Zhou, X. F. Ao, and W. Q. Li. "Dynamic visualisation of storm surge flood routing based on three-dimensional numerical simulation." Journal of Flood Risk Management 11 (June 29, 2016): S729—S749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12252.
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Rong, Zhang, Peng, and Feng. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Dam Discharge and Flood Routing in Wudu Reservoir." Water 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102157.
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The main objectives of the present work are to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the dam discharge flow and its impact downstream. Building information modeling technology is adopted to generate the terrain entity and hydraulic structures. The calculation of the dam discharge and flood routing simulation is achieved by employing Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the RNG k- eddy viscosity model for its turbulence closure, as well as the Volume of Fluid method. An urban flood experiment and the field measurement records are utilized and validated the model accuracy. The flow field is obtained to assess the dam working conditions under different water levels. The results show that the maximum downstream flow depth, the maximum discharge capacity and the hydraulic jump length under normal water level is 18.6 m, 13,800 m3/s, and 108 m, respectively. The dam satisfies the safety demand under different water levels but close attention should be paid to the dam foundation, especially around the incident points of the discharge flow. Complex turbulent flow patterns, including collision, reflection, and vortices, are captured by three-dimensional simulation. The numerical simulation can assist the reservoir management vividly, so as to guarantee the stability of the dam operation.
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Landström, Catharina, and Sarah J. Whatmore. "Virtually Expert: Modes of Environmental Computer Simulation Modeling." Science in Context 27, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 579–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000210.
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ArgumentThis paper challenges three assumptions common in the literature on expertise: that expertise is linearly derived from scientific knowledge; that experts always align with the established institutional order; and that expertise is a property acquired by individuals. We criticize these ideas by juxtaposing three distinct expert practices involved with flood risk management in England. Virtual engineering is associated with commercial consultancy and relies on standardized software packages to assess local flood inundation. Mathematical experimentation refers to academic scientists creating new digital renderings of the physical dynamics of flooding. Participatory modeling denotes research projects that aim to transform the relationships between experts and local communities. Focusing on different modes of modeling we contribute an analysis of how particular models articulate with specific politics of knowledge as experts form relationships with flood risk management actors. Our empirical study also shows how models can contribute to re-distribution of expertise in local flood risk management.
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Zhang, Xiao Lei, and Xiao Juan Li. "2-D Flood Routing Simulation on the Lower Yellow River from Huayuankou to Jianetan Based on Mike21 Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1021.
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The Lower Yellow River is apt to deposit and migrate. The reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan is the typical wandering reach, which has broad and shallow body, intertwined tributary and numerous shoals. The mainstream always swings, and the riverbed deforms rapidly. There exist lots of residential places, irrigation canals, roads, productive dikes and other controlling works within the embankments, which greatly limits the scope of flooding. When the peak discharge is very large, the flood is prone to resulting in productive dikes bursting, which will greatly endanger the lives of residents in flood plains. The 2-D water flow mathematical model which reflects flood routing in the reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan has been developed based on MIKE 21 software in this paper. Through the numerical simulation of the “96.8” typical flood, the simulating results in the condition of present topography are agreement with the measured ones. It shows that this model is basically reasonable in the selection aspects of river terrain, boundary treatment, roughness and water flow parameters, and the model has a reference value.
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Cui, Yunsong, Qiuhua Liang, Gang Wang, Jiaheng Zhao, Jinchun Hu, Yuehua Wang, and Xilin Xia. "Simulation of Hydraulic Structures in 2D High-Resolution Urban Flood Modeling." Water 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102139.
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Urban flooding as a result of inadequate drainage capacity, failure of flood defenses, etc. is usually featured with highly transient hydrodynamics. Reliable and efficient prediction and forecasting of these urban flash floods is still a great technical challenge. Meanwhile, in urban environments, the flooding hydrodynamics and process may be influenced by flow regulation and flood protection hydraulic infrastructure systems, such as sluice gates, which should be effectively taken into account in an urban flood model. However, direct simulation of hydraulic structures is not a current practice in 2D urban flood modeling. This work aims to develop a robust numerical approach to directly simulate the effects of gate structures in a 2D high-resolution urban flood model. A new modeling component is developed and fully coupled to a finite volume Godunov-type shock-capturing shallow water model, to directly simulate the highly transient flood waves through hydraulic structures. Different coupling approaches, i.e., flux term coupling and source term coupling, are implemented and compared. A numerical experiment conducted for an analytical dam-break test indicates that the flux term coupling approach may lead to more accurate results, with the calculated RMSE against water level 28%–38% less than that produced by the source term coupling approach. The flux term coupling approach is therefore adopted to improve the current urban flood model, and it is further tested by reproducing the laboratory experiments of flood routing in a flume with partially open sluice gates, conducted in the hydraulic laboratory at the Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, China. The numerical results are compared favorably with experimental measurements, with a maximum RMSE of 0.0851 for all the individual tests. The satisfactory results demonstrate that the flood model implemented with the flux coupling approach is able to accurately simulate the flow through hydraulic structures, with enhanced predictive capability for urban flood modeling.
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Gan, Bin-Rui, Xing-Guo Yang, Hai-Mei Liao, and Jia-Wen Zhou. "Flood Routing Process and High Dam Interception of Natural Discharge from the 2018 Baige Landslide-Dammed Lake." Water 12, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The outburst flood of the Baige landslide dam caused tremendous damage to infrastructure, unfinished hydraulic buildings, roads, and bridges that were built or under construction along the Jinsha River. Can downstream hydraulic buildings, such as high dams with flood control and discharge function, accommodate outburst floods or generate more serious losses due to wave overtopping? In this study, the unsteady flow of a one-dimensional hydraulic calculation was used to simulate natural flood discharge. Assuming a high dam (Yebatan arch dam) is constructed downstream, the flood processes were carried out in two forms of high dam interception (complete interception, comprehensive flood control of blocking and draining). Moreover, three-dimensional visualization of the inundation area was performed. Simulation results indicate that the Yebatan Hydropower Station can completely eliminate the outburst flood risk even under the most dangerous situations. This station can reduce the flood peak and delay the peak flood arrival time. Specifically, the flood peak decreased more obviously when it was closer to the upstream area, and the flood peak arrival time was more delayed when the flood spread further downstream. In addition, the downstream water depth was reduced by approximately 10 m, and the inundation area was reduced to half of the natural discharge. This phenomenon shows that hydraulic buildings such as high dams can reduce the inundation area of downstream farmlands and extend the evacuation time for downstream residents during the flood process, thus reducing the loss of life and property.
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Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz, Ewa. "Computer Simulation of Flood Operation in Multireservoir Systems." SIMULATION 80, no. 2 (February 2004): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549704042730.
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Cao, Xuejian, Guangheng Ni, Youcun Qi, and Bo Liu. "Does Subgrid Routing Information Matter for Urban Flood Forecasting? A Multiscenario Analysis at the Land Parcel Scale." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 2083–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0075.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe accessibility of high-resolution surface data enables fine distributed modeling for urban flooding. However, the surface routing processes between nonhomogeneous land cover components remain in most grid units, due to the high spatial heterogeneity of urban surfaces. Limited by the great difficulty in the acquisition, subgrid routing information (SRI) is always ignored in high-resolution urban flood modeling, and more importantly, the potential impacts of missing SRI on flood forecasting are still less understood. In this study, 54 urban-oriented scenarios of subgrid routing schemes are designed at an isolated grid, including three types of land parcels, two routing directions, and nine routing percents. The impacts of missing SRI are evaluated comprehensively under 60 different rainfall scenarios, in terms of the peak runoff (PR) and the runoff coefficient (RC). Furthermore, the influence mechanism is revealed as well to explain the discrepancy of the impacts under different conditions. Results show the missing of the routing process from impervious to pervious areas leads to significant impacts on the simulation of both PR and RC. Overestimated RC is detected, however, the impacts on PR are bidirectional depending on the rainfall intensity. Overestimation of PR due to missing SRI is observed in light rainfall events, but the opposite effect is identified under heavy rainfall conditions. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the SRI for urban flood forecasting to avoid underestimating the hazard risk in heavy rainfall. Simultaneously, it identifies that blindly utilizing infiltration-based green infrastructure is not feasible in urban stormwater management, due to the possible increase in peak runoff.
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Kang, H. D., D. H. Kim, S. W. Chae, J. N. Han, and D. S. Kim. "Belt routing and safety assessment through computer simulation." International Journal of Automotive Technology 10, no. 5 (October 2009): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-009-0068-3.
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Pappenberger, F., E. Dutra, F. Wetterhall, and H. L. Cloke. "Deriving global flood hazard maps of fluvial floods through a physical model cascade." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 9, 2012): 4143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4143-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Global flood hazard maps can be used in the assessment of flood risk in a number of different applications, including (re)insurance and large scale flood preparedness. Such global hazard maps can be generated using large scale physically based models of rainfall-runoff and river routing, when used in conjunction with a number of post-processing methods. In this study, the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land surface model is coupled to ERA-Interim reanalysis meteorological forcing data, and resultant runoff is passed to a river routing algorithm which simulates floodplains and flood flow across the global land area. The global hazard map is based on a 30 yr (1979–2010) simulation period. A Gumbel distribution is fitted to the annual maxima flows to derive a number of flood return periods. The return periods are calculated initially for a 25 × 25 km grid, which is then reprojected onto a 1 × 1 km grid to derive maps of higher resolution and estimate flooded fractional area for the individual 25 × 25 km cells. Several global and regional maps of flood return periods ranging from 2 to 500 yr are presented. The results compare reasonably to a benchmark data set of global flood hazard. The developed methodology can be applied to other datasets on a global or regional scale.