Статті в журналах: "Flood control"

1

Yi, Xiu Yong, and Yang Zhang. "Study of Urban Flood Control Planning in Taiyuan." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1709.

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Considering topography, climate, river system, and existing problems in Taiyuan, the urban flood control planning in Taiyuan boils down to the following points: determine the flood control standard according to the size of city; study the flood alleviating measures in the upstream area; provide adequate water and soil conservation measures in the mountainous areas reduce flash floods; divert flood from mountainous areas to the downstream area instead of to the urban; improve the river channels in the urban area; provide flood detention and retarding area in the downstream area; study non-engineering flood control measures.

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2

Yan, Jun, Chang You Jiang, Sai Nan Chen, and Ju Zhang. "Control and Utilization Method for Urban Rain-Flood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.910.

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Urban rain-flood disasters become more ordinary and serious recently under global warming and unreasonable exploitation. Summed up the characters of urban rain-floods, the mechanism of urban rain-flood disasters is analyzed. More ever, the main countermeasures to control and utilize urban rain-flood comprehensively and effectively are put forward.

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3

Criss, Robert E., and Everett L. Shock. "Flood enhancement through flood control." Geology 29, no. 10 (2001): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0875:fetfc>2.0.co;2.

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4

Sukegawa, Noboru. "Flood control." International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, no. 1 (March 1988): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722364.

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5

Zhang, Tao, Wanmin Zhao, and Dongjun Tong. "Multiscale Model for Urban Flood Control Planning Based on Microcirculation." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0011.

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Flood season in our country is characterized by frequent heavy rains, and flood problems are becoming increasingly serious. The uneven distribution of water resources causes conflicts in the occurrence of floods and droughts. Implementing effective flood control planning and solving drought and flood disasters are the research highlights of relevant institutions both domestic and abroad. This study develops a multiscale method of urban flood control planning based on microcirculation. A microcirculation water ecosystem, which consists of six elements, namely, collecting, interacting, precipitating, reserving, storing, and purifying, is introduced. This study investigates precipitation; peak shaving; recycle mode of filtration at the macro level in different regions; “hierarchy” in rainwater ecosystems in rain parks, heavy rain garden parks, and wetland parks at the meso level; and the concept of zero-emission rain in residential areas and roads at the micro level. Finally, this study analyzes a rain garden and its domestic application. A conclusion is drawn that the flood control planning model based on microcirculation can effectively reduce rain runoff. Empirical measurement proves that the proposed multiscale model for city flood control planning based on microcirculation promotes flood control and effectively reduces the occurrence of droughts and floods.

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6

Yamashita, Sampei, Yukihiro Shimatani, Ryoichi Watanabe, Toshiyuki Moriyama, Tomoko Minagawa, Kumiko Kakudo, and Terukazu Yamashita. "Comprehensive flood control involving citizens in a Japanese watershed." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.293.

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In July 2009, the city of Fukuoka, Japan experienced a flood disaster along the Hii River, which runs through densely populated, concrete-covered areas of the city. The drainage system was overwhelmed and the river overflowed due to heavy rainfall and rapid runoff. The event led citizens in its watershed to plan and implement comprehensive flood control. The plan aims not only to mitigate floods but also to revitalize the river environment and populated communities in urban areas. This study reports the activities led by the citizens. They organized and carried out civic forums, workshops, and fieldwork to share views as to how the flood disaster was caused, how floods in the watershed should be controlled, and how the river environment should be rehabilitated. This study illuminates how people, including the flood victims and municipal engineers, can change drastically and communicate effectively in the course of discussing and implementing the comprehensive flood control measures.

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7

Minghong, Chen, Fang Hongwei, Zheng Yi, and He Guojian. "Integrated Flood Management for Beiyun River, China." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2013-0023.

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Abstract Beiyun River Basin is holistically suffering a water shortage and relatively concentrated flood risk. The current operation (level-control) of dams and floodgates, which is in passive defense mode, cannot meet the demands of both flood control and storm water resources. An integrated flood forecasting and management system is developed by the connecting of the hydrological model and hydrodynamic model and coupling of the hydrodynamic model and hydraulic model for dams and floodgates. Based upon the forecasted runoff processes, a discharge-control operation mode of dams and floodgates is proposed to be utilized in order to well regulate the flood routing in channels. The simulated water level, discharge, and water storage volume under different design conditions of rainfall return periods and floodgates operation modes are compared. The results show that: (1) for small floods, current operation modes can satisfy the objectives, but discharge-control operation can do better; (2) for medium size floods, since pre-storing of the floods affects the discharge of follow-up floods by floodgates, the requirement of flood control cannot be satisfied under current operations, but the discharge-control operation can; (3) for large floods, neither operation can meet the requirement because of the limited storage of these dams. Then, the gravel pits, wetlands, ecological lakes and flood detention basins around the river must be used for excess flood waters. Using the flood forecasting and management system can change passive defense to active defense mode, solving the water resources problem of Beijing city and Beiyun River Basin to a certain extent.

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8

Wang, Yang, Shuhui Zhang, Ziyi Zhang, Caichao Su, Peng Ding, and Guangtian Cao. "Frequency analysis of representative flood control water level stations in Puyang River." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901002.

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Puyang river basin is located in the north central part of Zhejiang Province, which is one of the most important river basins in Zhejiang Province. The lower reaches of Puyang River are easily influenced by tide in Hangzhou Bay and flood in Qiantang River. When Puyang river floods, it often meets Fuchun River and floods occur at the same time. The flood discharge of Puyang river is blocked and the water level rises and rises, which makes the Puyang River vulnerable to disaster. Water level frequency analysis is the basis of Puyang river planning and flood control plan. The representative flood control water level stations of Puyang River include Zhuji station and wenjiayan station. The frequency analysis of these representative stations is helpful to determine the water level of these key nodes under different frequencies, and to provide basic data for accurate flood control of Puyang River and ensure the safety of flood control.

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9

Afifah, R. C., S. Sangkawati, Suripin, and D. A. Wulandari. "Flood Control Rule in Bintang Bano Reservoir." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1268, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1268/1/012036.

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Abstract Flood is a disaster that occur since ancient times until now, and even in the future. Flood can be caused by nature, humans, or both. Constructing new dams are a good method to reduce flood and losses caused by floods, one of them is Bintang Bano Dam. The purpose of this study is to analyze the capacity of the gated spillway and ungated spillway, so that the allowable return period of discharge can be estimated through the both spillways. This research activity divided into 4 (four) stages are: the identification and data processing stage, the rainfall-runoff modeling stage, the reservoir flood routing, and the simulation of the operation of opening gates on both spillways. The gated spillway can be operated at all return periods (2 years to PMF). Ungated spillway can only overflow discharge with ≥ 100 years return period. During the return period 2 years to 50 years, no runoff occurs through the ungated spillway. For the return period of 100 years to 1000 years there is runoff through the ungated spillway without any gate openings. It is recommended for floods with a return period of 2 years to 50 years, with upstream and downstream conditions of rainfall, the gate can be closed. But for floods with 100 years to 1000 years return periods, the discharge automatically overflows through the ungated spillway cannot be opened/damaged.

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10

Zhu, Di, Yadong Mei, Xinfa Xu, Junhong Chen, and Yue Ben. "Optimal Operation of Complex Flood Control System Composed of Cascade Reservoirs, Navigation-Power Junctions, and Flood Storage Areas." Water 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071883.

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As more and more water projects are built on rivers, the flood control operation becomes more complex. Studies on the optimal flood control operation are very important to safeguard human life and property. This study focused on optimizing the operation of a complex flood control system composed of cascade reservoirs, navigation-power junctions, flood storage areas, and flood control points. An optimal model was established to jointly maximize flood peak reduction rates of downstream flood control points. A hybrid algorithm named the Dynamic Programming-Progressive Optimality Algorithm (DP-POA) was used to solve this model, and the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River were selected as a case study. The results show that flood reduction at three downstream flood control points ranged from 1080 to 5359 m3/s for designed floods with different return periods, which increased by about 333~1498 m3/s in comparison with the conventional operation. Considering that the maximum water level of reservoirs using DP-POA and the conventional operation is the same, this indicated that DP-POA can make full use of the reservoirs’ flood control storage to reduce downstream flood peaks. In addition, the flood diversion volume of the flood storage area using DP-POA ranged from 0.33 × 108 to 1.79 × 108 m3 for designed floods with 200-year, 300-year, and 500-year return periods, which is smaller than that using the conventional operation.

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11

Chang, Ming Qi. "Optimal Control of Large Flood of Ankang Reservoir." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.625.

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Located in the upper stream of the Hanjiang River, the Ankang Reservoir is a large hydro-junction mainly for electric power generation as well as for flood prevention and shipping. Rainstorms in the Hanjiang River in summer have high occurrence with concentrated floods characterized by sudden surge and sudden fall. Considering staggering the Hanjiang River and the Yuehe River flood peaks, on the premise of ensuring the dam safety and meeting the flood prevention requirements of Ankang Town, this Thesis establishes the mathematical model for the Ankang Reservoir large flood multi-objective optimal deployment, adopts the progressive optimality algorithm (POA) to solve the model to work out the optimal control with the inconsistent objectives of flood prevention and power generation during large flood and gives examples. The result shows that the mathematical model is workable and practicable and the solution methods are rapid and accurate.

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12

Nijssen, D., A. Schumann, M. Pahlow, and B. Klein. "Planning of technical flood retention measures in large river basins under consideration of imprecise probabilities of multivariate hydrological loads." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (August 6, 2009): 1349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1349-2009.

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Abstract. As a result of the severe floods in Europe at the turn of the millennium, the ongoing shift from safety oriented flood control towards flood risk management was accelerated. With regard to technical flood control measures it became evident that the effectiveness of flood control measures depends on many different factors, which cannot be considered with single events used as design floods for planning. The multivariate characteristics of the hydrological loads have to be considered to evaluate complex flood control measures. The effectiveness of spatially distributed flood control systems differs for varying flood events. Event-based characteristics such as the spatial distribution of precipitation, the shape and volume of the resulting flood waves or the interactions of flood waves with the technical elements, e.g. reservoirs and flood polders, result in varying efficiency of these systems. Considering these aspects a flood control system should be evaluated with a broad range of hydrological loads to get a realistic assessment of its performance under different conditions. The consideration of this variety in flood control planning design was one particular aim of this study. Hydrological loads were described by multiple criteria. A statistical characterization of these criteria is difficult, since the data base is often not sufficient to analyze the variety of possible events. Hydrological simulations were used to solve this problem. Here a deterministic-stochastic flood generator was developed and applied to produce a large quantity of flood events which can be used as scenarios of possible hydrological loads. However, these simulations imply many uncertainties. The results will be biased by the basic assumptions of the modeling tools. In flood control planning probabilities are applied to characterize uncertainties. The probabilities of the simulated flood scenarios differ from probabilities which would be derived from long time series. With regard to these known unknowns the bias of the simulations was considered by imprecise probabilities. Probabilities, derived from measured flood data were combined with probabilities which were estimated from long simulated series. To consider imprecise probabilities, fuzzy sets were used to distinguish the results between more or less possible design floods. The need for such a differentiated view on the performance of flood protection systems is demonstrated by a case study.

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13

Fotian, C., F. A. Haqqi, and Yohandri. "A flood detection system and flood door control based on Arduino." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012026.

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Abstract Flooding has become one of the most serious problems for Indonesians, particularly in flood-prone areas. Floods can be hazardous to the community, particularly if they occur suddenly, at night, or at unpredictable times. The answer to these problems is the installation of a flood detection system and a flood barrier door control system. In this paper, a flood detection system and flood door control based on will be presented. Ultrasonic sensors monitor the air level, a SIM800L module delivers signals, a stepper motor operates the door, an LCD shows the air level, and a buzzer offers an immediate warning. The accuracy and precision of the ultrasonic sensor are 98.83% and 99.40%, respectively. Based on the accuracy and precision of the system, it can be concluded that the system can be used for flood control systems.

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14

Wang, Zixiong, Ya Sun, Chunhui Li, Ling Jin, Xinguo Sun, Xiaoli Liu, and Tianxiang Wang. "Analysis of Small and Medium–Scale River Flood Risk in Case of Exceeding Control Standard Floods Using Hydraulic Model." Water 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010057.

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Exceeding control standard floods pose threats to the management of small and medium–scale rivers. Taking Fuzhouhe river as an example, this paper analyzes the submerged depth, submerged area and arrival time of river flood risk in the case of exceeding control standard floods (with return period of 20, 50, 100 and 200 years) through a coupled one– and two–dimensional hydrodynamic model, draws the flood risk maps and proposes emergency plans. The simulation results of the one–dimensional model reveal that the dikes would be at risk of overflowing for different frequencies of floods, with a higher level of risk on the left bank. The results of the coupled model demonstrate that under all scenarios, the inundation area gradually increases with time until the flood peak subsides, and the larger the flood peak, the faster the inundation area increases. The maximum submerged areas are 42.73 km2, 65.95 km2, 74.86 km2 and 82.71 km2 for four frequencies of flood, respectively. The change of submerged depth under different frequency floods shows a downward–upward–downward trend and the average submerged depth of each frequency floods is about 1.4 m. The flood risk maps of different flood frequencies are created by GIS to analyze flood arrival time, submerged area and submerged depth to plan escape routes and resettlement units. The migration distances are limited within 4 km, the average migration distance is about 2 km, the vehicle evacuation time is less than 20 min, and the walking evacuation time is set to about 70 min. It is concluded that the flood risk of small and medium–scale rivers is a dynamic change process, and dynamic flood assessment, flood warning and embankment modification scheme should be further explored.

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15

Variadi, Variadi, Iqbal Khairul, Mufti Fajarullah, and Adriman Ramzi. "Keureuto Dam Operation for Flood Control System." E3S Web of Conferences 476 (2024): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447601049.

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Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. Dams are engineered structures built across rivers and streams to control water flow, primarily for purposes like water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. In the modern era, technological advancements and an enhanced understanding of hydrology have transformed dam operations within flood warning systems. Early warning systems for floods are founded on the principle of forecasting and alerting communities and authorities about imminent flood events. Keureuto Dam has multi-purpose benefits including to reduce flooding. The planned system includes sensors that record hydrological data (ARR and AWLR), equipment that receives the data recorded as well as a transmitter network from the sensors to the data center. in the Keureuto watershed, three AWLRs are planned to be installed upstream of the dam, one at the dam, seven AWLRs downstream of the dam. data from upstream is sent using a radio network, while from upstream it uses a cellular network. with a data center located at the dam.

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16

Huang, Yan, Eckart Lange, and Yichao Ma. "LIVING WITH FLOODS AND RECONNECTING TO THE WATER – LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR DELTA PLAINS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16352.

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Although there is a consensus that landscape planning and design can play a positive role in flood mitigation, few specific reviews have explored how the strategies of landscape architecture could play a more effective and beneficial role in flood control. Focusing on the related knowledge about hydraulics, ecology, and practices of flood control, the paper explores the application of resilience theory on providing an improved theoretical framework for landscape planning and design for floods, especially for floods in delta plains, and highlights characteristics of different scales of flood control to landscape architecture. Three main types of technical means are discussed: water channel morphology and processes adjustment; riparian corridor and riparian buffer; and flood-specific landscape structural measures.

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17

Salehi, Farhad, Mohsen Najarchi, Mohammad Mahdi Najafizadeh, and Mohammad Mirhoseini Hezaveh. "Multistage Models for Flood Control by Gated Spillway: Application to Karkheh Dam." Water 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050709.

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The paper demonstrates a simulation optimization framework for enhancing the real-time flood control with gated spillways at places where no flood forecasting data are available. A multiobjective modeling scheme is presented for the flood management in a gated spillway in which the operator may specify the priorities on floods based on their different return periods. Two different operation strategies were devised. Both operating strategies employ ten-stage policies, which rely on the reservoir water level as the input data. The second strategy benefits from both the observed reservoir water level and the flood peak. The optimal values of the models’ parameters were obtained using a genetic algorithm. This is a novel approach because none of its policies needs flood forecasting data, thus, making them adaptable to any flood with any return period. To evaluate the performances of the proposed models, the flood control through a gated spillway of the Karkheh reservoir was considered, where flood hydrographs with different return periods were routed through the reservoir.

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18

Sun, N., C. Li, B. Guo, X. Sun, Y. Yao, and Y. Wang. "RESEARCH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING IN URBAN FLOOD DISASTERS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-3/W1-2022 (October 27, 2022): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-3-w1-2022-147-2022.

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Abstract. In recent years, urban floods occur frequently in China, and urban flood disaster has become one of the important reasons for the sustainable development of cities. Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology has the advantages of large observation range, large amount of information, fast speed, good real-time performance and strong dynamic. It plays an increasingly important role in flood control and disaster reduction, and has become an important support means for flood control and flood reduction in China. This paper mainly reviews the research status and development trend of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in urban floods, summarizes the monitoring and evaluation of flood disasters, numerical simulation of flood disasters, and acquisition of hydrological characteristics, and prospects the future development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in flood disaster management in China.

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19

Petrochenko, V. I., and O. V. Petrochenko. "Systematization of floods and anti-flood measures." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-317.

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The problem of floods and conceptual issues of flood protection based on system analysis was considered. It is well-known that floods are among the most dangerous natural phenomena that have accompanied mankind since ancient times. Taking into account the global and multifaceted nature of the flood problem, there is a need to apply a systematic approach to its solution. The main areas in which the problem of floods has been systematically studied and solved in previous years were highlighted. It was found out that the most relevant is the area of developing the concept of flood protection. For the convenience of systematic research of floods and the development of the concept of flood protection, the terminological concepts of flood and flooding were clarified. The possibility and expediency of using the term "flood" as a universal in systematic research were substantiated. The systematic structuring of flood control measures was performed, which is based on the division of measures into two types of protection - situational and preventive. It is proposed to consider the general concept of flood protection as consisting of two alternative concepts: the concept of situational flood protection and the concept of preventive flood protection. It is proposed to choose alternative concepts using the method of functional-cost analysis. The concept of situational flood protection provides for short-term flood forecasting and implementation of situational flood protection measures during flood approach, passage, and end. The concept of preventive flood protection provides for long-term flood forecasting and implementation of one of preventive flood protection measures, among which the most common and promising are hydraulic measures. The systematization of hydraulic flood control measures was performed, which is based on the allocation of two opposite in nature functional alternatives in the structure of measures. By the first functional alternative, the flood flow is diverted from the flood risk zone through the river bed. By the second functional alternative, part of the flood flow is inhibited and delayed in front of the flood risk zone. A system scheme of hydro-technical flood control measures was developed, on which, following functional alternatives many technological alternatives of hydro-technical measures are given.

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20

Mardjono, Airlangga, Pitojo Tri Juwon, Lily Montarcih Limantara, and Ery Suhartan. "Effectivity of kiwi and sukamahi dam on jakarta flood control." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18541.

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Various infrastructures such as flood levees, dams and reservoirs of flood control began to be developed in the 19th century to the 20th century. These buildings are very effective in controlling the flow of rivers and preventing flood waters from entering residential areas located in flood-prone areas. Flooding in urban areas has a huge impact, covering all aspects of life as well as on the landscape. Ciliwung is one of the rivers that allegedly contributed to the problem of flood in Jakarta, various engineering done on Ciliwung to help control flooding in Jakarta. One of the engineering done is the construction plan of Ciawi Reservoir and Sukamahi Reservoir. In this research, the writer performed the flood calculation using Nakayasu while method of flooding is calculated using the pool routine level method. The effectiveness of these two reservoirs can be determined by simulating floods in the existing condition and comparing them with the flood simulation after the construction of the dam. The final test of this research is to determine the effectiveness level of Ciawi and Sukamahi dam infrastructure in reducing flood volume in Jakarta.

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21

Kenyon, Edgar C. "HISTORY OF OCEAN OUTLETS, LOS ANGELES COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.31.

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Los Angeles County has a number of watercourses which discharge into the Pacific Ocean. Three of these are of major importance in that they traverse the Coastal Plain area of the County. These three are the Los Angeles River, the San Gabriel River, and Ballona Creek. They have a combined drainage area of approximately 1,645 square miles, most of which is within Los Angeles County. Such area not only comprises over 40 percent of the land area of the County but, more important, includes within its boundaries, the great majority of the County's population. The Coastal Plain area of Los Angeles County, prior to installation of flood control works, was probably subject to a greater potential flood hazard than any area of similar size and density of population in the United States. It has been subjected periodically to floods that, descending from the San Gabriel and Santa Monica Mountains, have rushed across the valley floor towards the Pacific Ocean altering topographic features and causing loss of life and property.

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22

Zhang, Jing, Jun Shi He, and Lin Fei Zhou. "Analysis of Precipitation and Flood Processes Caused by Cyclone and Cold Front in Dahuofang Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1084.

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Cyclone and cold front are the important weather systems causing storm floods in Dahuofang reservoir. Through analyzing the precipitation daily distribution and flood processes affected by cyclone and cold front weather systems, the influence of different weather systems on reservoir flood control has been summarized. The study results show that flood processes caused by compound weather systems are the most serious threat to reservoir flood control, while flood processes caused by single cold front system have the least risk to reservoir flood safety and the flood threat caused by single cyclone is intermediate.

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23

Yari, Arezoo, Homa Yousefi Khoshsabegheh, Yadolah Zarezadeh, Ali Ardalan, Mohsen Soufi Boubakran, Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh, and Mohamad Esmaeil Motlagh. "Behavioral, health- related and demographic risk factors of death in floods: A case-control study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): e0262005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262005.

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During the first half of 2019, many provinces of Iran were affected by floods, which claimed the lives of 82 people. The present study aimed to investigate the behavioral, health related and demographic risk factors associated with deaths due to floods. We measured the odds ratio and investigated the contribution and significance of the factors in relation to mortality. This case-control study was conducted in the cities affected by flood in Iran. Data were collected on the flood victims using a questionnaire. Survivors, a member of the flood victim’s family, were interviewed. In total, 77 subjects completed the survey in the case group, and 310 subjects completed the survey in the control group. The findings indicated that factors such as the age of less than 18 years, low literacy, being trapped in buildings/cars, and risky behaviors increased the risk of flood deaths. Regarding the behavioral factors, perceived/real swimming skills increased the risk of flood deaths although it may seem paradoxical. This increment is due to increased self confidence in time of flood. On the other hand, skills and abilities such as evacuation, requesting help, and escape decreased the risk of flood deaths. According to the results, the adoption of support strategies, protecting vulnerable groups, and improving the socioeconomic status of flood-prone areas could prevent and reduce the risk of flood deaths.

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24

Kumar, Vijendra, Kul Vaibhav Sharma, Tommaso Caloiero, Darshan J. Mehta, and Karan Singh. "Comprehensive Overview of Flood Modeling Approaches: A Review of Recent Advances." Hydrology 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10070141.

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As one of nature’s most destructive calamities, floods cause fatalities, property destruction, and infrastructure damage, affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to its ability to accurately anticipate and successfully mitigate the effects of floods, flood modeling is an important approach in flood control. This study provides a thorough summary of flood modeling’s current condition, problems, and probable future directions. The study of flood modeling includes models based on hydrologic, hydraulic, numerical, rainfall–runoff, remote sensing and GIS, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and multiple-criteria decision analysis. Additionally, it covers the heuristic and metaheuristic techniques employed in flood control. The evaluation examines the advantages and disadvantages of various models, and evaluates how well they are able to predict the course and impacts of floods. The constraints of the data, the unpredictable nature of the model, and the complexity of the model are some of the difficulties that flood modeling must overcome. In the study’s conclusion, prospects for development and advancement in the field of flood modeling are discussed, including the use of advanced technologies and integrated models. To improve flood risk management and lessen the effects of floods on society, the report emphasizes the necessity for ongoing research in flood modeling.

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25

Kim. "Resilience Assessment of Dams’ Flood-Control Service." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, no. 6 (2014): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.6.1919.

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26

Inomata, Hironori, Masaki Kawasaki, and Shun Kudo. "Quantification of the Risks on Dam Preliminary Release Based on Ensemble Rainfall Forecasts and Determination of Operation." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0637.

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Preliminary release conducted at multipurpose dams is the operation which aims to temporarily increase their flood control capacity by releasing water stored for water utilization ahead of a flood based on rainfall forecasts. However, if rainfall forecasts overestimate actual rainfall, there is a risk that the volume needed for water utilization may not fully recover after preliminary release. Consequently, because of apprehension of such a risk, preliminary release has been seldom operated in Japan. This paper introduces the determination of preliminary release based on ensemble rainfall forecasts. First, the two risks related to preliminary release were defined at first. One is the flood control operation for extreme floods, which is conducted when preliminary release has not been conducted or inadequately conducted, whereas the other is the water level may not fully recover to the level needed for water utilization if preliminary release is decided based on rainfall forecasts overestimating actual rainfall. Next, these two risks were quantified using the results from ensemble rainfall forecasting and hydrological simulation. Finally, based on the quantified risks, the operation of preliminary release was decided. The experimental simulation of preliminary release based on ensemble rainfall forecasts was conducted. The flood caused by Typhoon Man-yi in 2013 is selected as the experimental flood, and the Hiyoshi Dam as the experimental dam, where the flood control operation for extreme floods was conducted during the flood. The simulation results of the experimental flood showed that flood control operation for extreme floods would still be required notwithstanding the increased flood control capacity generated by preliminary release. However, the results also showed the possibility that preliminary release can delay flood control operation for extreme floods and considerably reduce the maximum outflow compared with the maximum outflow that would be required when no preliminary release is conducted. In addition, the study found that ensemble rainfall forecasting can be an effective tool to support the formation of a consensus among stakeholders such as dam managers and water users by quantifying and visualizing the risks associated with preliminary release, which cannot be accomplished with the conventional deterministic rainfall forecasting.

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Li, Haichao, Hiroshi Ishidaira, Yanqi Wei, Kazuyoshi Souma, and Jun Magome. "Assessment of Sponge City Flood Control Capacity According to Rainfall Pattern Using a Numerical Model after Muti-Source Validation." Water 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050769.

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Urban floods are a common urban disaster that threaten the economy and development of cities. Sponge cities can improve flood resistance ability and reduce floods by setting low-impact development measures (LID). Evaluating flood reduction benefits is the basic link in the construction of sponge cities. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the benefits of sponge cities from the perspective of different rain patterns. In this study, we investigated the urban runoff of various rainfall patterns in Mianyang city using the Strom Water Management Model (SWMM). We employed 2–100-year return periods and three different temporal rainfall downscaling methods to evaluate rain patterns and simulate urban runoff in Mianyang, with and without the implementation of sponge city measures. After calibration, model performance was validated using multi-source data concerning flood peaks and inter-annual variations in flood magnitude. Notably, the effects of peak rainfall patterns on historical floods were generally greater than the effects of synthetic rainfalls generated by temporal downscaling. Compared to the rainfall patterns of historical flood events, the flood protection capacities of sponge cities can be easily overestimated when using the synthetic rainfall patterns generated by temporal downscaling. Overall, an earlier flood peak was associated with better flood sponge city protection capacity. In this context, the results obtained in this study provide useful reference information about the impact of rainfall pattern on urban flood control by LID, and can be used for sponge city design in other part of China.

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Wu, Yueqiu, Liping Wang, Yanke Zhang, Jiajie Wu, Qiumei Ma, and Lisha Yue. "Application of Marginal Rate of Transformation in Decision Making of Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimal Operation Scheme." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031488.

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For reservoirs with combined storage capacity for flood control and beneficial purposes, there tends to be potential benefit loss when the flood control limited water level is used in medium and small floods. How to find the optimal water level scheme for profit-making and pursue the optimization of comprehensive benefits has always been a difficult problem in multi-objective reservoir optimal operation. Based on the principle of the maximum benefit obtained by the product conversion curve and the isorevenue line in microeconomics, taking flood control and power generation as two products of a reservoir, a multi-objective optimal operation scheme decision-making model is established to seek the highest water level scheme that can produce the maximum comprehensive benefits of flood control and power generation. A case study of the Three Gorges reservoir in the early flood season of a dry year shows that on the one hand, under the condition of deterministic inflow, the model can work out the optimal water level and the corresponding best equilibrium point for both flood control and power generation, and it can increase the total power output by 4.48% without reducing the flood control benefits; on the other hand, it can also obtain the dynamic control area of the maximum allowable water level for power generation considering inflow forecast error, which provides a theoretical reference for determining the starting water level in medium and small floods and utilizing flood resources.

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Davydov, Roman, Valery Antonov, Dmitry Molodtsov, Alexey Cheremisin, and Vadim Korablev. "The simulation model for a flood management by flood control facilities." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 15002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824515002.

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The rapid spread of storm floods over large areas requires flood management throughout the river basin by the creation an innovative system of flood control facilities of various functional purposes distributed in the area. The central part of the system is the hydro system with hydro power plant. In addition, the flood control facilities on the side tributaries with self-regulating reservoir are included in the system. To assess the effect of controlling extreme water discharges by flood control facilities, it is necessary to develop special mathematical models reflecting the specifics of their operation. Unified mathematical models of the operation modes of a hydro complex with hydroelectric power station and flood control facility are created. They are implemented in a computer program that provides the ability to determine the main parameters and operating characteristics of hydro systems when performing multivariate calculations in a wide range of initial data. This makes possible specifying the parameters and operation modes of each hydro system with the current economic and environmental requirements, to assess the energy-economic and environmental consequences in the operation of the system of flood control facilities distributed in the area. The article analyses the results of the extreme water discharge’s regulation by the hydro system on the main river and flood control facilities on the side tributaries, considering environmental requirements.

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Ibeanu, Chima, Mazyar Ghadiri Nejad, and Matina Ghasemi. "Developing Effective Project Management Strategy for Urban Flood Disaster Prevention Project in EDO State Capital, Nigeria." Urban Science 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020037.

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Emphasizing the need to provide a coordinated flood management strategy in the country and avoid acting in an isolated way when it occurs, improving the attitude of flood control during floods, and controlling floods with comprehensive analysis are among the main purposes of the current study. In this study, the environment’s physical, technological, social, economic, and political characteristics are considered to assess the urban flood risk. This study entails a discussion of flood hazard control in Benin City, the capital city of Edo State of Nigeria. The research methodology involves employing both interviews and questionnaire distribution. First, three key persons involved in flood control are interviewed at the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), which coordinates disaster risk reduction in the state, and then, the responses are classified into themes that are used to prepare the questionnaire to be distributed in four main regions. The questionnaires are distributed to the employees in institutions concerned with flood control and to the general population living in the region. Based on the obtained results from the interviews, some methods that could be applicable in controlling flooding in the region are listed. The results showed that the most important ones are flood warning systems, flood prevention through using the building resilient infrastructure and community programs, protection and mitigation through using natural processes, and strategic implementation of a flood emergency plan through sustainability.

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Fedorov, Mikhail, Vladimir Badenko, Alexander Chusov, and Vladimir Maslikov. "GIS technologies for selecting location of dams in the flood control systems." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199107001.

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Many floodplains are excluded from development because the floods cause considerable damage to people’s lives and properties. Systems of hydraulic engineering structures for flood protection working with hydropower facilities are analysed to solve the problem of reducing the flood control volume of hydropower station. Methods of reducing the risk of flooding in the river basin by means of a distributed system of detention self-regulated dams are discussed. A geoinformation method used to justify the selection of parameters of such dams, primarily location of dam that minimize impact on the environment (ecological factor), is presented. In the present study, a system of multipurpose flood protection self-regulated dams is analysed as the measures for mitigation of flash floods in the Far Eastern region of Russia.

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32

Bianucci, P., A. Sordo-Ward, J. I. Pérez, J. García-Palacios, L. Mediero, and L. Garrote. "Risk-based methodology for parameter calibration of a reservoir flood control model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2013): 965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-965-2013.

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Abstract. Flash floods are of major relevance in natural disaster management in the Mediterranean region. In many cases, the damaging effects of flash floods can be mitigated by adequate management of flood control reservoirs. This requires the development of suitable models for optimal operation of reservoirs. A probabilistic methodology for calibrating the parameters of a reservoir flood control model (RFCM) that takes into account the stochastic variability of flood events is presented. This study addresses the crucial problem of operating reservoirs during flood events, considering downstream river damages and dam failure risk as conflicting operation criteria. These two criteria are aggregated into a single objective of total expected damages from both the maximum released flows and stored volumes (overall risk index). For each selected parameter set the RFCM is run under a wide range of hydrologic loads (determined through Monte Carlo simulation). The optimal parameter set is obtained through the overall risk index (balanced solution) and then compared with other solutions of the Pareto front. The proposed methodology is implemented at three different reservoirs in the southeast of Spain. The results obtained show that the balanced solution offers a good compromise between the two main objectives of reservoir flood control management.

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Liu, Yizhuang, Shu-Qing Yang, Changbo Jiang, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Keith Enever, Yuannan Long, Bin Deng, Usman Khalil, and Lingshi Yin. "Flood Mitigation Using an Innovative Flood Control Scheme in a Large Lake: Dongting Lake, China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122465.

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A large lake plays an important role in mitigating flood disasters in its nearby regions during the flooding period; however, the effect is limited, because most of its storage capacity becomes dead storage prior to the arrival of the flood wave. In the current study, an innovative flood control scheme (IFCS) is applied to Dongting Lake (the second largest freshwater lake in China) to alleviate flood disasters. MIKE 21 FM was used to examine its feasibility to mitigate flood disasters. One of the largest floods in the 20th century, the 1998-type flood, was modelled and the maximum water levels with/without IFCS were compared. The result shows that the effective flood control storage could be at least doubled when compared with the natural condition once IFCS was applied. The peak flood level in the Dongting Lake could be lowered by at least 0.32 m at the Chenglingji station in the same flood passage of Dongting Lake. The case study reveals that, after applying IFCS, the hydraulic gates play a very important role in floodwater regulation and further study should be conducted to find the optimized operation for each gate in the flood control scheme system.

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Skoulikaris, Charalampos, and Eleni Tzanou. "Fostering flood control policy measures at basin scale hydrosystems with the use of geo-spatial technologies." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, no. 00 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace230630036s.

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The increased rate of floods occurrence during the last few decades, which is mainly attributed to climate change and mankind pressures on the hydrosystems, results on large scale horizontal flood control and protection policies. At European Union (EU) scale, the Directive on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks of the year 2007 aims, after implementing sequential processes which amongst other include remote sensing and hydraulic modeling coupling, at proposing specific measures for mitigating the flood risks and the derived socioeconomic devastating impacts. The current research demonstrates the usefulness of geo-spatial technologies for assessing the operationality of the current anti-flood infrastructures together with the historic flood events and the necessity of maintaining the infrastructures. For doing so, all the flood control structures in the case study area were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Additionally, information regarding the floods? spatial and temporal placement were used to populate the GIS database, while the repeatability of the works regarding the maintenance and/or restoration and/or failure recovery of the flood control structures was attributed in monetary terms to evaluate the feasibility of the projects. The case study area is the Greek part of the Struma/Strymonas transboundary river basin, which is shared between Bulgaria and North Macedonia and Greece. The outputs of the research demonstrated the usefulness of the current flood protection projects, however, there were particular cases where the annual maintenance cost necessitates the promotion of new and more financial independent solutions.

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35

Li, L., M. Yu, H. Ma, L. Meng, and Z. Cui. "DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF FLOOD CONTROL AND WATERLOGGING PREVENTION INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON SUBWAY "ONE MAP"." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-3/W1-2022 (October 27, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-3-w1-2022-93-2022.

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Abstract. Urban rainstorms and floods often occur, causing serious loss of life and property, and bringing great challenges to the safe operation of subways. In response to the need for prevention and control of urban subway floods and waterlogging, this project is based on geographic information technology, on the basis of "one map" of the subway, using intelligent sensing camera equipment, independent research and development of monitoring water level identification algorithms, and research and development of subway flood control and waterlogging prevention intelligent monitoring system It realizes the integrated management of sensing-transmission-analysis-knowledge-use monitoring of flood control and waterlogging prevention in subway stations. By integrating basic geographic information, monitoring points, real-time water level data and other information, the visualization of "one map" of flood control and waterlogging prevention is realized. The exhibition has greatly improved the management level of flood control and waterlogging prevention. The practical results and experience of this project can provide reference for related research in the same industry.

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36

Huang, Yuming, Yanjie Li, Min Liu, Liang Xiao, Fuwan Gan, and Jian Jiao. "Uncertainty Analysis of Flood Control Design Under Multiple Floods." Water Resources Management 36, no. 4 (February 22, 2022): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03066-8.

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37

Kurihara, Shinichi, Yuki Yano, and Atsushi Maruyama. "Economic Implications of Government Flood Control Policy: A Case of Rice in Japan." Agriculture 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060814.

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Japan’s susceptibility to and severity of floods have necessitated flood control policies by the government. “Overflowing flood control”, in which the floods due to torrential rains are systematically diverted to agricultural lands in the upper to middle reaches, is one of them. More information is needed on the public assessment of the overflowing flood control policy, and this research seeks to bridge this gap. Data evaluating rice affected by the policy were collected from a random nth-price auction using a developed online system. The sample consisted of 47 consumers living in the downstream areas of the Edogawa River, one of Japan’s first-class, or prime, rivers. Data on their attitudes toward the policy were collected with a questionnaire. Multiple ordered probit models are used for regression analysis. The results show that the sample respondents were willing to pay an average of JPY 1578 for 5 kg of rice, slightly higher than the national average rice production cost, and that 36% of the sample agreed with the flood control policy, which is positively associated with large families or owning many assets.

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38

Li, J., M. Xie, K. Xie, and R. Li. "Comparison of methods for separating flood frequency of reservoir by sub-seasons." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2015): 10431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-10431-2015.

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Abstract. The development of separate flood frequency distributions for different sub-seasons within a year can be useful for protection, storage and utilization of flood flows for the reservoir operation management. This paper applies conventional statistical method, fractal method and the mixed Von Mises distribution to the separation of flood sub-seasons for inflows to Hongfeng Reservoir in China. Design floods are found for different sub-seasons, along with flood control levels for flood regulation. The flood season is divided into four sub-seasons using the fractal method: the pre-rainy season (May), main-flood season (June and July), late-flood season I (August) and late-flood season II (September). The mixed Von Mises distribution method accounts for the general flood pattern and combines August and September as one late-flood season, for three sub-seasons with different frequency distributions. The flood regulation calculation results show little difference between the control water levels in August and September, so the two can be combined into one period.

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39

Liao, Siyuan, Chao Wang, Renke Ji, Xiang Zhang, Zhifei Wang, Wei Wang, and Nengcheng Chen. "Balancing Flood Control and Economic Development in Flood Detention Areas of the Yangtze River Basin." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040122.

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Serving as a crucial part of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB)’s flood control system, Flood Detention Areas (FDAs) are vital in mitigating large-scale floods. Urbanization has led to the development of urban FDAs, but significant losses could ensue if these FDAs are activated. With improved reservoirs and embankments, flood pressure in the middle reaches has lessened, posing challenges in balancing flood control and economic benefits. This paper presents a comparative analysis of land use, GDP, and population in FDAs and adjacent cities, enhancing our understanding of their disparities and interrelations. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)–Entropy Weight Method (EW)–Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) comprehensive evaluation method, we assess changes in flood control and economic values in FDAs. The results show a conflict between flood control and economic policies in FDAs, highlighting their underestimated economic potential, especially in urban areas. This study identifies differences in economic development across FDAs and a strong correlation between flood control value and inundation rates. Based on evaluations and simulations of the 1954 flood, we provide recommendations for the FDAs’ construction plan, which serves the development and flood management of the YRB and offer insights for similar assessments elsewhere.

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40

Fu, Xiang, Yadong Mei, and Zhihuai Xiao. "Assessing flood risk using reservoir flood control rules." Journal of Earth Science 27, no. 1 (February 2016): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-016-0615-6.

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41

Fukuoka, Shoji, and Yutaro Ishii. "Temporal and spatial distributions of flood water storage volume of the main river and tributaries in the Ishikari River basin." Proceedings of IAHS 386 (April 19, 2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-386-47-2024.

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Abstract. In recent years, Japan experienced frequent and intense heavy rainfalls, resulting in serious flood disasters in many areas. It is also necessary to control floods in tributaries and basins of these tributaries in addition to flood control of the main river. This will be accomplished by understanding flood formation process in the basins of tributaries as well as the main river. Integrated flood flow analysis for the main river and tributaries was conducted by the use of observed temporal changes in the water surface profiles of the 2016 flood in the Ishikari River, Hokkaido, Japan. Temporal and spatial water storage volume distributions in the Chitose River and Ishikari River basins give a new graphical representative method to visualize that when, where, how much volume of rainfall are stored in each basin, and make it possible to verify effects of flood control measures.

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42

Perera, Kumudika K. E. "An Analysis of Stream Flow and Flood Frequency: A Case Study from Downstream of Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka." Athens Journal of Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajs.11-1-4.

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River floods in Sri Lanka are mainly associated with extreme rainfall events. The Kelani and Kalu rivers are recorded the highest flood frequencies and the accompanying flood damages among the river basins in wet zone (UNDP, 2011). Therefore, the specific objective of the study is to estimate the temporal probability of occurrence of flood events in downstream of Kelani river basin. Secondary data were used for the study. Daily discharges data were obtained from Hanwella gauging station for the period of 1990 to 2019 from the Department of Irrigation, Sri Lanka. Trend analysis, normal distribution and flood frequency analysis have been used. The results of the study revealed that there was a bi-modal pattern of discharges that occurred in June and October. The results also indicated that ten return periods were covered the total period of 30 years, and there was a 97 per cent probability of flood occurrence almost annually and 64 per cent probability of occurring once every two years. This study, therefore, was recommended to design flood control structures for mitigating flood risk; and to determine the economic value of flood control projects and the effect of encroachments on flood plain. Keywords: floods, frequency, downstream, return period, probability

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43

Rolfe, Garyl L., Miroslav Penka, Miroslav Vyskot, Emil Klimo, and Ferdinand Vasicek. "Floodplains before Flood Control." Ecology 67, no. 5 (October 1986): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938712.

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44

Rolfe, Gary L. "Floodplains Before Flood Control." Ecology 67, no. 5 (October 1986): 1441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938711a.

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45

Zhou, Yang, Yansui Liu, and Wenxiang Wu. "Strengthen China's flood control." Nature 536, no. 7617 (August 2016): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/536396e.

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46

Plazak, David J. "Flood Control Benefits Revisited." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 112, no. 2 (March 1986): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:2(265).

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47

Sedyowati, Laksni, Nanang Mudjito, Gunawan Wibisono, and Danes Satria Prayogo. "Appropriate flood control technology in a local trading area: Case study at Pulosari Kiosk Area in Malang City." Jurnal Penelitian 19, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jp.v19i1.8262.

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To date, flood is a problem that often plagues the city of Malang. Floods that occur are mainly caused by poor drainage channels and silting of drainage channels due to people's habits of throwing garbage in rivers. In the Pulosari Kiosk Area of Malang city, the flood was worsened by the capacity of the Pulosari Channel which narrowed due to illegal building. In heavy rain, so much water overflowed into the Pulosari Road, resulting in losses to traders in the area. The purpose of this study was to find a solution to reduce flooding in the Pulosari Channel with the appropriate flood control technology in the area. This study used interviews and questionnaires to investigate the community's response to flood control development efforts. Data analysis was carried out using statistical analysis to obtain a description of the community response to a flood control system implemented by the city government. The research results show that constructing flood diversion channels in the upper area, and educating the community about flood risk management is the best solution in this area to minimize flood losses.

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48

Xuehong, XU. "On the Flood Control of Taihu Basin and Immediate Flood Control Standards." Journal of Lake Sciences 12, no. 3 (2000): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/2000.0302.

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49

FUKUOKA, Shoji, Hidekazu KAWAOKA, and Yukiko HIRABAYASHI. "EFFECTS OF FLOOD CONTROL VEGETATION AND MAIN CHANNEL ALIGNMENT ON FLOOD CONTROL." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 42 (1998): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.42.967.

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50

Li, Chaochao, Xiaotao Cheng, Na Li, Zhongmin Liang, Yanyan Wang, and Song Han. "A Three-Parameter S-Shaped Function of Flood Return Period and Damage." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6583906.

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With growing flood risk due to increased urbanization, flood damage assessment and flood risk management must be reconsidered. To demonstrate and assess the new features and trends of flood risk in urbanized areas, a novel S-shaped function of return period and damage(R-D)is proposed. The function contains three parameters, which are defined as the maximum flood damageA, critical return periodRc, and integrated loss coefficientk. A basic framework for flood damage assessment was established to evaluate flood damage in the Taihu Basin under various scenarios. The simulation results were used to construct the floodR-Dfunctions. The study results show that the floodR-Dmodel based on the Gompertz function agrees well with the mutability of flood damage in the highly urbanized basin when the flood scale exceeds the defense capability. TheR-Dfunction can be utilized for timely and effective flood damage assessment and prediction. It can describe the impacts of socioeconomic development, urbanization degree, and flood control capability improvements well. The turning points of the function curve can be used as gradation criteria for rational strategy development associated with flood hazards.

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