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1
Fayegh, A. David. "Flood advisor : an expert system for flood estimation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Expert computer programs have recently emerged from research on artificial intelligence as a practical problem-solving tool. An expert system is a knowledge-based program that imitates the problem-solving behaviour of a human expert to solve complex real-world problems. While conventional programs organize knowledge on two levels: data and program, most expert programs organize knowledge on three levels: data, knowledge base, and control. Thus, what distinguishes such a system from conventional programs is that in most expert systems the problem solving model is treated as a separate entity rather than appearing only implicitly as part of the coding of the program.
The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First, it is intended to demonstrate how domain-specific problem-solving knowledge may be represented in computer memory by using the frame representation technique. Secondly, it is intended to simulate a typical flood estimation situation, from the point-of-view of an expert engineer. A frame network was developed to represent, in data structures, the declarative, procedural, and heuristic knowledge necessary for solving a typical flow estimation problem. The control strategy of this computer-based consultant (FLOOD ADVISOR) relies on the concept that reasoning is dominated by a recognition process which is used to compare new instances of a given phenomena to the stereotyped conceptual framework used in understanding that phenomena. The primary purpose of the FLOOD ADVISOR is to provide interactive advice about the flow estimation technique most suitable to one of five generalized real-world situations. These generalizations are based primarily on the type and quantity of the data and resources available to the engineer. They are used to demonstrate how problem solving knowledge may be used to interactively assist the engineer in making difficult decisions. The expertise represented in this prototype system is far from complete and the recommended solution procedures for each generalized case are in their infancy. However, modifications may be easily implemented as the domain-specific expert knowledge becomes available. It is concluded that over the long term, this type of approach for building problem-solving models of the real world are computationally cheaper and easier to develop and maintain than conventional computer programs.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
2
Lam, Yu-chau. "A study of the drainage policy in the context of flood prevention in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21036688.
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3
Thomas, Jordan McClellan. "Discovering the Aesthetic of Flood Control Infrastructure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Infrastructure plays an instrumental role in the shaping of the landscape across many scales and is a
critical human component within the landscape, yet these systems have tended to ignore the function of
appearance and aesthetics in their design. Consequently, the relationship between our infrastructure, the
environment, and us has become increasingly opaque. The majority of the vast infrastructure systems that
weave throughout the landscape promote a mono-functional agenda which is relegated to the background
of our everyday experiences. By investigating the traditional methods of designing infrastructure, we can
begin to understand how to integrate aesthetics into the design of infrastructure. This is explored through
one of the largest infrastructure systems in the United States; flood control. Flood control infrastructure in
is an extensive system that has formed a protective barrier between human and natural processes for over
200 years. Its largest component, the levee, is an elegantly simple structure that contains many layers of
significant cultural and historic aesthetic narratives. This thesis focuses on the levee as an infrastructure
that mediates between natural processes and human development and studies how it can perform
aesthetically to convey new meaning and value. What is the potential of the levee to become expressive in
our lives, and be designed in such a way to move us? This new infrastructural paradigm explores the
implications of utilizing aesthetics as an expressive and significant function of levee design that can
inform and inspire the public and define a new dialogue between man, nature, and technology.Master of Landscape Architecture
4
Deutsch, Mathias. "Untersuchungen zu Hochwasserschutzmassnahmen an der Unstrut (1500-1900)." Göttingen : Goltze, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/175651941.html.
Повний текст джерела
5
Tong, Kin-shing. "Implementation of flood control policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18716787.
Повний текст джерела
6
Haddad, Khaled. "Design flood estimation for ungauged catchments in Victoria : ordinary and generalised least squares methods compared." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/30369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design flood estimation in small to medium sized ungauged catchments is frequently required in hydrologic analysis and design and is of notable economic significance. For this task Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) 1987, the National Guideline for Design Flow Estimation, recommends the Probabilistic Rational Method (PRM) for general use in South- East Australia. However, there have been recent developments that indicated significant potential to provide more meaningful and accurate design flood estimation in small to medium sized ungauged catchments. These include the L moments based index flood method and a range of quantile regression techniques. This thesis focuses on the quantile regression techniques and compares two methods: ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalised least squares (GLS) based regression techniques. It also makes comparison with the currently recommended Probabilistic Rational Method. The OLS model is used by hydrologists to estimate the parameters of regional hydrological models. However, more recent studies have indicated that the parameter estimates are usually unstable and that the OLS procedure often violates the assumption of homoskedasticity. The GLS based regression procedure accounts for the varying sampling error, correlation between concurrent flows, correlations between the residuals and the fitted quantiles and model error in the regional model, thus one would expect more accurate flood quantile estimation by this method. This thesis uses data from 133 catchments in the state of Victoria to develop prediction equations involving readily obtainable catchment characteristics data. The GLS regression procedure is explored further by carrying out a 4-stage generalised least squares analysis where the development of the prediction equations is based on relating hydrological statistics such as mean flows, standard deviations, skewness and flow quantiles to catchment characteristics. This study also presents the validation of the two techniques by carrying out a split-sample validation on a set of independent test catchments. The PRM is also tested by deriving an updated PRM technique with the new data set and carrying out a split sample validation on the test catchments. The results show that GLS based regression provides more accurate design flood estimates than the OLS regression procedure and the PRM. Based on the average variance of prediction, standard error of estimate, traditional statistics and new statistics, rankings and the median relative error values, the GLS method provided more accurate flood frequency estimates especially for the smaller catchments in the range of 1-300 km2. The predictive ability of the GLS model is also evident in the regression coefficient values when comparing with the OLS method. However, the performance of the PRM method, particularly for the larger catchments appears to be satisfactory as well.
7
Haddad, Khaled. "Design flood estimation for ungauged catchments in Victoria ordinary & generalised least squares methods compared /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/30369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Eng. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted towards the degree of Master of Engineering (Honours) in the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Tong, Kin-shing, and 湯健成. "Implementation of flood control policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965623.
Повний текст джерела
9
Warmington, Valerie (Valerie A. ). Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Structural flood control and sustainable development; an analysis of the flood action plan for Bangladesh." Ottawa, 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерела
10
Pohl, Reinhard. "Flood control at multipurpose reservoirs considering downstream hazards and water quality." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Model-based reservoir management systems are indispensable for determining an optimal water resources management in river basins with multipurpose reservoirs. A recently developed management system will be described, using evolutionary algorithms to optimize both event-based and long-term operation of a reservoir system concerning multiple objectives with different units of measurement (Money, Dimensions, Ecology). The result are sets of so-called Pareto optimal solutions which represent the most useful compromises and can serve as a transparent information base for decision-making. In order to improve the ecological performance of multipurpose reservoirs, a dynamic operating scheme is implemented, which ensures that reservoir releases correspond to natural flow variability as far as possible. In addition water quality problems during the flood discharge and the release from selected layers of the water body will be discussed in brief.
11
Keskin, Fatih. "Quantitative Flood Risk Assessment With Application In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615024/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods can result in enormous causalities and huge economic losses in urban and rural regions. In recent years, while assessing the damage, risk analysis and assessment has become an important tool in addressing uncertainty in flood hazards. The lack of knowledge about the water extend, water depth, water velocity and potential damage in case of flood increase the vulnerability of the people to disasters in the flood region. Especially this information is valuable for city planners and decision makers. In case of new settlement area selection, correct decision can be taken by the help of this information. This type of information can be taken from hydraulic models as 1D or 2D. On the other hand, two dimensional (2D) hydraulic modeling becomes a need with increasing trends of very high speed computers and models instead of one dimensional (1D) ones. The ability of solving complex structures within few minutes enhances the use of 2D modeling with the integration of wave motion. In addressing the uncertainty, GIS becomes an important tool in risk assessment by integrating the flood depth, extend and vulnerability issues for definition of the quantitative risk. In this study, 1D and 2D hydraulic modeling is applied and combined with the quantitative vulnerability factors in Dalaman Plain-Turkey. Results show that the area is vulnerable to flood and high monetary damages can be seen in case a flood in the region.
12
Bauer, Donald R. "Floods to Floodwalls in Newport, Kentucky: 1884-1951." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1274982457.
Повний текст джерела
13
Michelson, Katelyn Rachel. "Examining the Spatial Characteristics of Pluvial Flooding Through Citizen Science in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pluvial flooding is caused by rainfall events that overwhelm drainage systems and do not allow excess water to be absorbed by soils or water infrastructure. This type of flooding occurs frequently in urban systems and leads to public inconveniences and infrastructure deterioration, which could cost more than fluvial flooding over time. Increased rainfall intensity, which is projected to increase with climate change, could result in increased pluvial flooding. This study aims to examine the vulnerability of pluvial flooding in Portland, OR (2010-2017) by incorporating an interdisciplinary framework that examines the physical and socioeconomic vulnerability of flooding through citizen-reported flooding data. We use a spatially dense network of 5-minute interval rainfall measurement to examine 3-day storm events associated with flooding reports to correlate storm size with the frequency of reports. Additionally, we use a Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) to identify the hotspots of pluvial flooding over space and characterize the sociodemographic and building characteristics of hotspots by performing a spatial analysis using census tract and tax lot level data. We investigate how individual neighborhood characteristics (i.e. ethnicity, education, gender, age, income) and building characteristics (i.e. building type, building age) contribute to reported flooding. This research seeks to identify where pluvial flooding occurs across the city, and how flood management planning can better address flood vulnerability through the biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics that exists amongst communities in Portland.
14
Pohl, Reinhard. "Flood control at multipurpose reservoirs considering downstream hazards and water quality." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Model-based reservoir management systems are indispensable for determining an optimal water resources management in river basins with multipurpose reservoirs. A recently developed management system will be described, using evolutionary algorithms to optimize both event-based and long-term operation of a reservoir system concerning multiple objectives with different units of measurement (Money, Dimensions, Ecology). The result are sets of so-called Pareto optimal solutions which represent the most useful compromises and can serve as a transparent information base for decision-making. In order to improve the ecological performance of multipurpose reservoirs, a dynamic operating scheme is implemented, which ensures that reservoir releases correspond to natural flow variability as far as possible. In addition water quality problems during the flood discharge and the release from selected layers of the water body will be discussed in brief.
15
Carrel, Margaret A. Emch Michael. "Relationships between flood control and cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Geography." Discipline: Geography; Department/School: Geography.
16
Simpson, Katherine Hannah. "Public choice for flood defence." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why do we want to value the environment? Environmental assets provide a flow of goods and services over time which benefit mankind. Valuing these services contributes towards their protection and enhancement, however many of these benefits cannot be valued in traditional markets and as such rely on non-market valuation techniques. One of these is contingent valuation (CV) which directly asks respondents whether they are willing to pay for an improvement in the good or service. This thesis seeks to explore methodological issues associated with this method by undertaking a CV survey to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for a new type of flood defence (managed realignment) on the Tay Estuary, Scotland. One challenge for survey designers is to provide high quality, readily understandable information to mitigate bias in WTP estimates. This thesis contributes to the information provision literature by examining whether prior knowledge or new information has a greater effect on the WTP estimate when controlling for respondent experience and familiarity with the good. A field experiment was designed to test for respondent’s prior knowledge; allow for varying levels of information to be presented to respondents and identify information acquisition for each respondent. Specifically tested was the notion that respondents who learn the most about the good during the survey process will have a more robust WTP estimate. Results were mixed: a causal relationship between information provision and learning was established with respondents in the higher treatment groups scoring higher in the second quiz. However, there was no relationship identified between prior knowledge, information provision and WTP. Personal motivations were the strongest predictors of WTP: those who were most concerned about flood risk and who lived closest to the proposed flood defence were willing to pay the most. A second issue in CV is consequentiality. Carson and Groves (2007) argue that for a survey to produce meaningful information about respondent’s preferences the respondent must view their responses as potentially influencing the supply of the public good. This thesis seeks add to this relatively new literature by exploring the observable factors which may influence respondents perceived consequentiality; specifically the effects of familiarity and information. Respondents were asked to state how confident they were that the results of the survey would be used by policy makers on a Likert scale ranging from “very unconfident” through to “very confident”. Results conformed to the Carson and Groves knife edge result: consequential respondents had significantly different WTP distributions compared to inconsequential and unsure respondents and were willing to pay significantly more towards the scheme. Consequential respondents also conformed the theoretical considerations of construct validity whilst inconsequential respondents did not. Respondents with more prior knowledge also appeared to be more likely to perceive the survey as consequential, although this was not consistent across all treatment groups. There is a concern that WTP and consequentiality are endogenous: respondents who want the policy to go ahead may be more likely to state the survey is consequential and state a high WTP in the hope these responses combined contribute to the policy maker’s decision. From a policy perspective the high level of support for the new scheme was encouraging and in contrast to previous findings on preferences for managed realignment. From a flood risk management perspective a “miss-match” between actual and perceived flood risk was highlighted, with many respondents stating they were not at risk from flooding when they in fact were. This is potentially concerning as respondents may not be taking adequate steps to protect their home from future flood risks. Overall it is recognised that values derived from the CV survey form one small part of the planning process and while informative, the decision for a scheme to take place should not be based on these values alone.
17
Dietz, Brian C. "Some new approaches to measuring willingness to pay : a case study of flood risk reduction in Roanoke, Virginia /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020407/.
Повний текст джерела
18
Rivera, Ramirez Hector David. "Flood control reservoir operations for conditions of limited storage capacity." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this research is to devise a risk-based methodology for
developing emergency operation schedules (EOS). EOS are decision tools that provide
guidance to reservoir operators in charge of making real-time release decisions during
major flood events. A computer program named REOS was created to perform the
computations to develop risk-based EOS. The computational algorithm in REOS is
divided in three major components: (1) synthetic streamflow generation, (2) mass
balance computations, and (3) frequency analysis. The methodology computes the
required releases to limit storage to the capacity available based on the probabilistic
properties of future flows, conditional to current streamflow conditions. The final
product is a series of alternative risk-based EOS in which releases, specified as a
function of reservoir storage level, current and past inflows, and time of year, are
associated with a certain risk of failing to attain the emergency operations objectives.
The assumption is that once emergency operations are triggered by a flood event, the risk
associated with a particular EOS reflects the probability of exceeding a pre-established
critical storage level given that the same EOS is followed throughout the event. This
provides reservoir operators with a mechanism for evaluating the tradeoffs and potential
consequences of release decisions.
The methodology was applied and tested using the Addicks and Barker Reservoir
system in Houston, TX as a case study. Upstream flooding is also a major concern for
these reservoirs. Modifications to the current emergency policies that would allow
emergency releases based on the probability of upstream flooding are evaluated. Riskbased
EOS were tested through a series of flood control simulations. The simulations
were performed using the HEC-ResSim reservoir simulation model. Rainfall data
recorded from Tropical Storm Allison was transposed over the Addicks and Barker
watersheds to compute hypothetical hydrographs using HEC-HMS. Repeated runs of
the HEC-ResSim model were made using different flooding and residual storage
scenarios to compare regulation of the floods under alternative operating policies. An
alternative application of the risk-based EOS in which their associated risk was used to
help quantify the actual probability of upstream flooding in Addicks and Barker was also
presented.
19
Smiley, Mark Andrew. "Hydrologic modeling for flood control detention basin design and operation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation presents a methodology for hydrologic modeling related to the design and operation of flood control detention basins. Prior to this document, a comprehensive, tractable methodology for detention basin hydrologic modeling did not exist. Furthermore, techniques used in the past have not always taken advantage of computer technology or recent advances in the field of hydrology. New and original methods are presented and are developed from personal experience, recent literature, and relevant courses at The University of Arizona. Chapters in this document include precipitation data analysis, detention basin stormwater inflow, detention basin sediment inflow, stored water losses through evaporation and infiltration, design issues, and operation under competing water use objectives. Engineering constraints and data availability are explicitly addressed throughout the methodology. The goal is to determine hydrologic variables for detention basin design such as active storage volume, spillway capacity, drain outlet capacity, and, additionally for some systems, the bypass channel capacity and side-weir threshold spill flow rate. In addition to providing an increased level of protection from flood damage, detention basins may also accommodate land use and water conservation objectives of urban society.
20
Pohl, Reinhard. "Flood records in urban areas." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Even in urban areas reliable and precise information about possible floods and related water levels as well as inundation areas are needed to minimize potential damages. One main requirement for this issue is to correct the stage-discharge relations which are sometimes not available. This paper reconsiders the use of historical hydrologic data in urban areas which have fundamentally changed even concerning the river beds, cross sections and floodplain areas. By means of an historical approach the flood statistics has been updated with surprising results.
21
Chow, Yum-yuet Francis. "Development control on floodplain in Hong Kong : a flood mitigation viewpoint /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594759x.
Повний текст джерела
22
Rehan, Balqis Mohamed. "Risk-based flood protection decisions in the context of climatic variability and change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4f3ecc7-0a85-46fe-a66c-4251ddbca83a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flood events have caused detrimental impacts to humans' lives and anthropogenic climate change is anticipated to exacerbate the impact. It has been recognized that a long-term planning through risk-based optimization of flood defence will lead to a cost-effective solution for managing flood risk, but the prevailing assumption of stationarity may lead to an erroneous solution. In attempt to investigate the potential impact of the uncertain underlying statistical characteristics of extreme flow series to flood protection decisions, this research explores risk-based flood protection decisions in the context of climatic variability and change. In particular, the implications of persistence series and nonstationarity were investigated through hypothetical and real case studies. Monte Carlo simulation approach was adopted to capture the uncertainty due to the natural variability. For persistence model, AR(1) was integrated with the GEV model to simulate extreme flow series with persistence. To test the effects of nonstationary, GEV models with a linear location parameter and time as covariate were adopted. Rational decision makers' behaviours were simulated through a designed decision analysis framework. One of the main findings from the research is that the traditional stationary assumption should remain the basic assumption due to insignificant difference of the decisions' economic performance. However, exploration of the nonstationarity assumption enabled identification of options that are robust to climate uncertainties. It is also found that optimized protection of combined measures of flood defence and property-level protection may provide a cost-effective solution for local flood protection. Overall, the simulation and case studies enlighten practitioners and decision makers with new evidence, and may guide to practical enhancement of long term flood risk management decision making.
23
Dodson, Belinda Jean. "The socio-economic impact of a minor flood control project in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation examines how the construction of an embankment has altered the life of a village in Bangladesh. Once the academic context of the work has been established, the geographical and historical context of the project itself is outlined. There then follows a discussion of the formulation and execution of the research methodology. This comprised a comparative analysis of the results from a household questionnaire survey conducted in two villages, one inside and one outside the project area, as well as a comparison of the post-project data thus collected with data collected by the project funding agency before the embankment's construction.
24
Duke, Jacquelyn R. White Joseph Daniel. "The response of riparian vegetation to PL-566 flood control structures." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4214.
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25
Chow, Yum-yuet Francis, and 周欽乙. "Development control on floodplain in Hong Kong: a flood mitigation viewpoint." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251353.
Повний текст джерела
26
Malyevac, David Stephen. "Modeling the flash gate board for water storage and flood control." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The height of an overflow dam must be designed low enough to prevent the reservoir water level from exceeding a flood plain during flooding conditions. Because of this constraint, much of the available water storage area is wasted and the available pressure head for power generation will be less than maximum during normal conditions. Crest control gates alleviate this problem by providing a variable spillway height. The Flash Gate Board is a passive automatic crest control gate. Its purpose is to regulate flood water while providing increased water pressure for power generation or for additional water storage for a municipality. The governing equations for the Flash Gate Board system are derived and used to formulate models of the system. Computer simulations are used to examine the system response in a variety of operating conditions. The results of these simulations are presented and discussed. The results include an investigation which developed an optimum gate height to maximize the potential of the Flash Gate Board. An experimental model was developed to verify analytical results and to provide additional insight. Conclusions from the study, recommendations for future work, and modifications for a trouble-free design are discussed.Master of Science
27
Yang, Qinli. "Comprehensive analysis of sustainable flood retention basins." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To adapt to climate change which results in increasing flood frequency and intensity, the European Community has proposed Flood Directive 2007/60/EC. It requires member states to conduct risk assessments of all river basins and coastal areas and to establish Flood Risk Management Plans focused on prevention, protection and preparedness by 2015. Sustainable Flood Retention Basins (SFRB) that impound water are a new concept that arose in 2006. They can have a pre-defined or potential role in flood defense and were supposed to facilitate the implementation of the Flood Directive. Early and preliminary studies of SFRB were derived from case studies in Southern Baden, Germany. In Scotland, there are a relatively high number of SFRB which could contribute to flood management control. This research aimed to produce a guidance manual for the rapid survey of SFRB and to propose a series of frameworks for comprehensive analysis and assessment of SFRB. Precisely 372 SFRB in central Scotland and 202 SFRB in Southern Baden were investigated and characterized by 43 holistic variables. Based on this practical experience, a detailed guidance manual was created, guiding users to conduct a SFRB survey in a standardized and straightforward way. To explore the hidden data structure of data arising from the SFRB survey, various widely used machine learning algorithms and geo-statistical techniques were applied. For instance, cluster analysis showed intrinsic groupings of SFRB data, assisting with SFRB categorization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of SFRB data from the original 43 to 23, simplifying the SFRB system. Self-organizing Maps (SOM) visualized the relationships among variables and predicted certain variables as well as the types of SFRB by using the highly related variables. Three feature-selection techniques (Information Gain, Mutual Information and Relief) and four benchmark classifiers (Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbours, C4.5 Decision Tree and Naive Bayes) were used to select and verify the optimal subset of variables, respectively. Findings indicated that only nine important variables were required to accurately classify SFRB. Three popular multi-label classifiers (Multi-Label Support Vector Machine (MLSVM), Multi-Label K-Nearest Neighbour (MLKNN) and Back- Propagation for Multi-Label Learning (BP-MLL)) were applied to classify SFRB with multiple types. Experiments demonstrated that the classification framework achieved promising results and outperformed traditional single-label classifiers. Ordinary Kriging was used to estimate the spatial properties of the flood-related variables across the research area, while Disjunctive kriging was used to assess the probability of these individual variables exceeding specific management thresholds. The results provided decision makers with an effective tool for spatial planning of flood risk management. To assess dam failure hazards and risks of SFRB, a rapid screening tool was proposed based on expert judgement. It demonstrated that the levels of Dam Failure Hazard and Dam Failure Risk varied for different SFRB types and in different regions of central Scotland. In all, this thesis provided a guidance manual for rapid survey of SFRB and presented various effective, efficient and comprehensive frameworks for SFRB analysis and assessment, helping to promote the understanding and management of SFRB and thus to contribute to Flood Risk Management Plans in the context of the Flood Directive.
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Hatter, Elizabeth. "Using radar and hydrologic data to improve forecasts of flash floods in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422929.
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Fitton, Sarah Louise. "Social value in practice : a case of flood alleviation schemes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709198.
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Khajehei, Sepideh. "From Probabilistic Socio-Economic Vulnerability to an Integrated Framework for Flash Flood Prediction." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4666.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flash flood is among the most hazardous natural disasters, and it can cause severe damages to the environment and human life. Flash floods are mainly caused by intense rainfall and due to their rapid onset (within six hours of rainfall), very limited opportunity can be left for effective response. Understanding the socio-economic characteristics involving natural hazards potential, vulnerability, and resilience is necessary to address the damages to economy and casualties from extreme natural hazards. The vulnerability to flash floods is dependent on both biophysical and socio-economic factors. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of socio-economic vulnerability to flash flood alongside a novel framework for flash flood early warning system. A socio-economic vulnerability index was developed for each state and county in the Contiguous United States (CONUS). For this purpose, extensive ensembles of social and economic variables from US Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis were assessed. The coincidence of socio-economic vulnerability and flash flood events were investigated to diagnose the critical and non-critical regions. In addition, a data-analytic approach is developed to assess the interaction between flash flood characteristics and the hydroclimatic variables, which is then applied as the foundation of the flash flood warning system. A novel framework based on the D-vine copula quantile regression algorithm is developed to detect the most significant hydroclimatic variables that describe the flash flood magnitude and duration as response variables and estimate the conditional quantiles of the flash flood characteristics. This study can help mitigate flash flood risks and improve recovery planning, and it can be useful for reducing flash flood impacts on vulnerable regions and population.
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Wunsch, Matthew John. "Distributed storage modeling in Soap Creek for flood control and agricultural practices." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1988, the counties of Appanoose, Davis, Monroe, and Wapello created the Soap Creek Watershed Board. This group put in place a plan to fund and construct 154 farm ponds in an effort to provide water for agriculture practices as well as provide flood protection for the residents inside the Soap Creek watershed. Through collaborative efforts and funding from federal, state, and local sources, to date 132 ponds have been constructed.
Currently there is no stream monitoring in place in the watershed to observe stream conditions. This leads to no stored data on the benefits of the projects in the basin and the reduced flood impacts. With funding from the Iowa Watershed Projects (IWP) through the IIHR - Hydroscience & Engineering lab, a lumped parameter surface water model was created to show the benefits of the constructed projects. Using detailed LiDAR data, a Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was created. This model used arcHydro and ARC-GeoHMS, tools in ARCgis. Detailed LiDAR, SURGGO soil data, and land cover data was used to create the model parameters. Several design and historical storms were modeled to quantify the benefits in peak flow reductions and in amounts of water stored behind the projects.
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Freeman, Marcos. "Experiments and Analysis of Water-filled Tubes Used as Temporary Flood Barriers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geosynthetic tubes filled with water are considered. The tubes can be used in applications to resist rising floodwaters. They can also be used to form breakwaters and protect shores from erosion. This thesis considers single and stacked tubes resting on a rigid and deformable foundation resisting rising hydrostatic headwater.
Experiments were carried out to determine the behavior of a three-tube stacked configuration resting on a sand foundation. This study was a continuation of previous work on unstacked tubes. Many tests were performed to determine the deformation and stability of the system. A geosynthetic drain was placed beneath the tubes to prevent piping. The objective was to cause failure of the system in a sliding manner and formulate a hypothesis according to the placement of the drain beneath the tubes. In order to cause a sliding failure, a strapping system was developed to try and prevent the tubes from rolling.
A single tube at rest, filled with water but with no external hydrostatic pressure, was considered for analysis first. The tube rested on a rigid foundation and was assumed to be infinitely long. The friction between the tube and the foundation was neglected, and the bending stiffness of the tube was assumed to be negligible. The tube material was assumed to be inextensible. Mathematica was used to solve the system of equations and compute the unknowns. Excel was used to plot the data and observe the behavior of the tubes.
An analysis was also performed on a single tube with an apron attached, resting on a rigid foundation. The apron was attached on the rising headwater side to increase stability. The assumptions for the tube at rest were also applied in this analysis. Two cases were derived and analyzed: a case where the internal hydrostatic pressure remains constant, and a case where the cross-sectional area remains constant. For the second case, the internal pressure changes as the floodwater level rises.
The results from this study demonstrated that water-filled tubes, stacked or with an apron attached, can be an effective alternative method to sandbags in resisting floodwaters.Master of Science
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Harris, Sally. "People, planning and floods : aspects of rural living at Lewiston, S.A /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh316.pdf.
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Mandegaran, Mohammad Ali. "Investigation of flow through overflow and side channel spillways." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298079.
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ALBUQUERQUE, Rodrigo Tadeu Diniz Bezerra de. "Sistema hidrometeorológico para gestão de riscos de cheias." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15609.
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ALBUQUERQUE, R. T. D. B. de Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - UFPE, Recife, 2015.pdf: 4463625 bytes, checksum: 893f11d15ef2a296ba13982eeb2a2aee (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T18:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ALBUQUERQUE, R. T. D. B. de Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - UFPE, Recife, 2015.pdf: 4463625 bytes, checksum: 893f11d15ef2a296ba13982eeb2a2aee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27
FACEPE
Este trabalho teve por objetivo geral dar suporte para a previsão de inundações pontuais em bacias hidrográficas de pequeno e médio porte, auxiliando as defesas civis municipais e estaduais na mitigação dos efeitos gerados por eventos naturais extremos. O banco de dados montado para a bacia do rio Capibaribe, contou com dados de precipitação média das estações localizadas na bacia e dados de cota da estação São Lourenço da Mata. Posteriormente foi feito o cálculo da precipitação média da bacia. O tempo de concentração foi calculado em sete dias, utilizando-se a metodologia desenvolvida por Ventura e citada por Araújo et. al. (2001). Posteriormente determinou-se a cota de alerta em 300 cm e então foi aplicado cálculo da probabilidade condicional, da cota em função da chuva acumulada dentro do tempo de concentração, para determinar a probabilidade de o rio atingir ou não a cota de alerta. Nos cinco registros onde essa cota foi atingida o modelo indicou uma probabilidade alta (>50%) em quatro eventos, atingindo assim 80% de acerto.
This study has the general objective to provide support to predict occasional flooding in small and medium sized hydrographic basins, helping municipal and state civil defence with mitigation of the effects of extreme natural events. The database used had average rainfall data of stations located in the basin and data of the quota from São Lourenço da Mata station. The average rainfall data of the basin was calculated. The seven day concentration time was calculated, using Ventura’s methodology, Araújo (2001). Then the 300 cm warning quota was determined and a conditional probability calculation was applied to the quota as a function of rain accumulated in the concentration time, to determine the probability of the river reaching the warning quota. In the five records where the quota was achieved the model indicated a high probability (>50%) in four events, reaching 80% accuracy.
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Nouasse, Houda. "Gestion supervisée de systèmes étendus à retards variables : cas des réseaux hydrographiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De part et d’autre de la Terre, on observe de plus en plus de phénomènes naturels dévastateurs, parmi lesquels les inondations constituent l’une des catastrophes les plus fréquentes. Ces dernières décennies d’importantes inondations ont été induites par les crues de rivières. Ces crues, dues à des pluies excessives ou aux eaux de ruissellement, causent sans cesse des pertes de vies humaines et des dégâts matériels importants. Pour remédier à ces problèmes, les réseaux hydrographiques sont de plus en plus équipés de moyens de détection de crues. Un facteur essentiel à la gestion de tels phénomènes est la réactivité. En effet, les gestionnaires des réseaux hydrographiques, dans ce genre de situation, doivent prendre rapidement des décisions importantes dans un contexte incertain, car la plupart de ces crues sont le fruit de phénomènes climatiques brusques, dont l’ampleur est difficile à évaluer avec précision. Nous proposons, dans ce mémoire, une méthode de gestion des crues dans des réseaux hydrographiques équipés de zones inondables contrôlées par des portes gravitationnelles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons modélisé notre méthode de gestion à l’aide d’un réseau de transport statique. Dans un second temps, nous l’avons enrichi en utilisant les réseaux de transport à retards dans le but de prendre en compte les temps de déplacement de la ressource gérée. Afin de pallier le problème de la taille importante des réseaux de transport à retards, nous avons élaboré un mécanisme de substitution combinant un réseau de transport statique réduit et une matrice de temporisation. De plus, ce mécanisme autorise la prise en compte des temps de transfert variables dépendant des débits, sans modification ni du réseau de transport, ni de la structure de la matrice de temporisation. Ce mécanisme permet donc une gestion simplifiée des temps de transferts, variables ou non. Avec ce mécanisme, l’évaluation du flot maximal à coût minimum, nous a permis, suivant les stratégies de gestion considérées, de consigner l’ouverture des portes des zones inondables afin d’écrêter la crue mais aussi afin de restituer cette eau stockée au moment opportun. Finalement, afin d’évaluer les apports de cette gestion, la méthode a été appliquée sur un cas d’étude basée sur un tronçon de rivière équipé de trois zones inondables et modélisé à l’aide de simulateurs hydrauliques combinant les approches de modélisation 1D et 2D. Les résultats de simulation obtenus ont montré que l’approche proposée permettait de réduire de manière significative les inondations en aval des cours d’eauOn either side of the Earth, we observe more and more devastating natural phenomena. Amon these phenomena, floods are one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters. During these last decades extensive flooding were caused by the flood of rivers. These floods due to excessive rainfall or runoff induce invariably the loss of human lives and material damages. To overcome these problems, water systems are increasingly equipped with means for detecting floods. A key factor in the management of such phenomena is responsiveness. Indeed, managers of river systems, faced to this kind of situation should quickly take important decisions in an uncertain context, as most of these floods are induced by abrupt climate events, whose magnitude is difficult to assess accuracy. We propose in this dissertation, a method of flood management in river systems equipped with flood zones controlled by gravitational gates. At first, we modeled our management method using a static transportation network. In a second step, we enriched it by using transportation networks with delays in order to take into account the travel time of the managed resource. The main difficulty of transportation networks with delays is their oversize. To overcome this problem, we developed an alternative mechanism combining a static reduced transportation network with a temporization matrix. Furthermore, this mechanism allows the consideration of variable time transfer depending on flows, without modification either on the transportation network, or on the structure of the temporization matrix. This mechanism allows simplified management of the transfer times, variable or not. With this mechanism, the evaluation of the minimum cost maximum flow allowed us, according to the management strategies considered, to compute the gate opening for floodplains in order to mitigate the flood but also to restore the water stored at the relevant time. Finally, to evaluate the contributions of this management, the method was applied to a case study based on a section of river equipped with three flood control reservoirs areas modeled using hydraulic simulators combining 1D and 2D models. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach allowed reducing significantly the floods downstream watercourses
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Heneker, Theresa M. "An improved engineering design flood estimation technique: removing the need to estimate initial loss /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh4989.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002."May 2002" Includes list of papers published during this study. Errata slip inserted inside back cover of v. 1. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-357).
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Hall, John Richard. "Strategic environmental assessment : a relevant methodology for flood plain planning and development control /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh1768.pdf.
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Russano, Euan [Verfasser], and André [Akademischer Betreuer] Niemann. "Grey-box models for flood forecasting and control / Euan Russano ; Betreuer: André Niemann." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115144670X/34.
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Hu, Zhewei. "Aqua + Culture: Intergrating Fish, Farming, and Flood-control Systems on Four Mile Run." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis begins with the study of a highly integrated agricultural system called dike-pond system in Pearl River Delta, South China. From the study, two aspects of dike-pond system are found interesting. One is the material flow in the system which makes full use of the by-products. The other is the function of preventing flooding by protecting crops on the dike and increasing water storage capacity with ponds. Duplicating the system to other parts of world seems impossible because of the weather conditions, technical requirements to operate the system and its intensive labor requirement. However, in a broader view, it seems possible to apply the concepts of reusing "waste" and preventing flood to other places.
With the inspiration of this system, this thesis studies how the concept might be adapted to Washington Metropolitan area. Several specific questions are critical to the inquiry: How to integrate different components into a system according to local situation? How to produce multiple products that feedback into the flow of materials and resources just like dike-pond system? How to reuse 'waste' or forgotten resources? How to prevent floods without using an engineered flood wall? How to create a place that people can have different fishing experiences in urban region? How to provide a habitat for urban wildlife?
My thesis addressed these questions through a design for a public space along the downstream of Four Mile Run in Arlington, Virginia. With design criteria derived from case studies and literature review, this project aims to control floods, cycle organic matter in wetlands, ponds and farm fields, provide fishing places, fish habitat, open spaces... All in an integrated system with little waste and a wise reuse of the "waste" water.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Zhu, Tingju. "Climate change and water resources management : adaptations for flood control and water supply /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Nordin, von Platen Hanna, and Matilda Gustafsson. "Nature-based Solutions for Flood Risk Reduction, Contamination Control and Climate Change Adaption." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy precipitation events are expected to increase in the future, due to climate change. This predicted change will increase the risk of flooding, especially in urban areas. To mitigate these challenges and support a sustainable urban development, Nature-based solutions (NBS) can be used as a flood risk reduction measure. The NBS wetlands and constructed wetlands, composed of ponds, canals and ditches, are commonly used solutions which are multifunctional and primarily provides flood regulatory services, water quality improvements and increased biodiversity. To reach the full potential of NBS, the location and design is crucial. At present planning practise, a user friendly and time efficient tool to investigate suitable locations within a catchment is missing, where the concept of connectivity has arisen as a useful approach. In this study, the NBS concept and the potential of wetlands for flood risk mitigation have been investigated. In addition, the connectivity of two study case catchments has been analysed by using the Connectivity Index (IC index) by Cavalli et al. (2013). The aim has been to evaluate whether the IC index can be used to find suitable locations for NBS. Further, the study seeks to investigate how the IC index can be integrated into NBS planning practice in order to create useful information for the decisionmaking process. To validate the IC index result, a comparison has been performed with earlier flood events, two hydrological models, Multi criteria decision analysis and spatiotemporal soil parameters. From the obtained result and analysis, preliminary solutions have been proposed for two case studies in Sweden and Portugal. The result shows that IC index is promising as an, early stage, first assessment tool in NBS planning practice which can be used in order to allocate areas suitable for NBS. To find the most beneficial location and the site-specific design, a deeper investigation of the site-specific conditions is required. Moreover, a successful implementation is dependent on a close collaboration between different stakeholders and expertise. Finally, this study shows that realizing the potential of NBS wetlands is essential to create sustainable urban development and liveable and attractive cities.
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Mullenite, Joshua. "Engineering Colonialism: Race, Class, and the Social History of Flood Control in Guyana." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Overabundance and scarcity of water are global concerns. Across the world’s low-lying coastal plains, flooding brought on by sea level rise acts as an existential threat for a multitude of people and cultures while in desert (and increasingly non-desert) regions intensifying drought cycles do the same. In the decades to come, how people manage these threats will have important implications not only for individual and cultural survival, but also for questions of justice. Recent research on flooding and flood management probes the histories of survival, and adaptation in flood threatened regions for insights into emergent flood-related crises. However, scholars have thus far overemphasized the technical aspects of how engineered flood control systems functioned, overlooking both the specific social, political, and economic contexts within which past practices emerged and the social worlds that they helped create. This dissertation examines the social, economic, and political histories of flood control projects in the South American country of Guyana in order to understand the long lasting social, political, and environmental impacts of colonial-era projects.
To do this, I utilized archival data collected from the National Archives in London, UK, historical newspaper articles collected through online newspaper databases, press release statements from Guyana’s major political parties, and unstructured and semi-structured interviews with residents from coastal Guyana. These data were imported and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software in order to make connections across spatial and temporal scales.
The key finding of the dissertation is that, in Guyana, flood control engineering has historically played multiple social, political, and economic roles beyond the functional explanations assumed in many present environmental management discourses. Colonial engineering projects served as a way to protect colonizers from economic crises and social upheaval and were not just a means for protecting the coast from flooding. Additionally, the dissertation found that these projects were key to creating the racial geographies that helped to protect colonialism in its final years and which continue to shape coastal life today. Finally, the dissertation found that, after the end of colonialism, flood engineering projects were incorporated into larger projects of racialized regime survival.
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Halls, Ashley Stewart. "An assessment of the impact of hydraulic engineering on floodplain fisheries and species assemblages in Bangladesh." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7704.
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Bartlett, C. N. Brown Larry G. "Bastions of turf frisians, terpen ad the re-adoption of a "working" landscape /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 15, 2010.) Thesis advisor: Dr. Larry Brown. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kemna, Stephen Paul. "Some geomorphic models of flood hazards on distributary flow areas in southern Arizona." 1990. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1990_195_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Pi-WeiKu and 古必維. "Regulation Strategy of Reservoir Flood Control Operation after Flood Peak." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40492586113538217516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
98
Reservoir flood control operation can be categorized into three stages: before the flood occurs, prior to the flood peak and post flood peak. The operation objective after the flood peak is to vacant proper storage volume to regulate probable floods followed and store sufficient water in reservoir for supply during dry season. The flood control operation post flood peak constitutes a trade-off between water storage and release. This thesis fitted and forecasted the recession limb of reservoir inflow with exponential recession formula. The optimal flood operation policy was established by dynamic programming. The statistical results showed that the forecasted recession process closed to the real process near the final stage of the recession limb. It can reliably store water closes to the target storage due to accurate recession volume. This research tested the policies of stagewisely reducing the gate openning of spillway to effectively store sufficient water for dry season use. It also provided equal attention to the dam safety after flood peak in the mean time. A strategy of updating releasing policies every 6 hours would provide smoother processes of both storage and release than the strategy of altering policies ever 12 hours, especially for the situation of rainfall occurred occasionally after flood peak. This type of strategy can closely store water to the target storage especially when the tabulated releases of reservoir operation retain estimated error.
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Yang, Sen-Bih, and 楊森弼. "Effectiveness of Initial Operation Storage to Flood Augumentation of Reservoir Flood Control." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34639631551140110201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
84
To reduce the occurrence of disastrous floods. With permission of economy, People have built hydraulic constuuctions such as the reservoirs. They look forward to be aware of the magnitude and probability of downstream flood dis- charge after the reservoir opreation, in order to be the necessity measure for the flood control. The evolution of river channel section and the scouring and deposition of flood plain are mainly the effects of flood discharge, and the process and magnitude of flood dischargeaffect the stability design of river channel.Therefore, as far as flood discharge is concerned, it's essential to consider the influence of the reservoir operation to flood augumentation. So the peak flow and probability distribution of discharge in certain locations over the river basin would be the reference for design of section size of river channel and utilization of plain along the river. The outflow discharge of the reservoir is related with the reservoir storage.In the condition of lacking historical flood control records,This study suggestsan analytical method to probe into the effectiveness of initial operation storageto flood augumentation of reservoir flood control and takes the flood control ope-ration of Tsengwen reservoir as an example. It is concluded that probability of the maximum flood discharge of the spiiway is quite small and probable maximum flood (pmf) would be overestimated. May be it can be made a correction to reduce the unnece- ssary operation of the spillway and to make the best use of the reservoir storage.
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ZhangJian, Miao-Lin, and 張簡妙琳. "Knowledge and the Politics of Flood Control: The Controversy over the Flood Control of the Chi-Shan River." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4n7upg.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
科技與社會研究所
102
In the context of the challenges of extreme climate and environmental changes, flooding governance has become highly controversial and complex. This article addresses the exercise of power between the government and related organizations, as well as the dynamics of the scientific knowledge production process in the Chi-shan River flood control dispute. The research methods are consist of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews, which examines knowledge claims of stakeholders, including the government, hydraulic expert, local groups and residents. The dispute concerning the eradication of high-stem crops highlights the problematic asymmetries of power and resources, rigid regulations and standards, lacking participation of farmers, and a blind spot of the food control policy. Although in the sluice gates controversy, the distribution of social benefits as well as the exercise of political authority are the worst impediment to public participation; transferring tacit knowledge in rockery revetment is difficult, local citizen groups have still challenged the official discourse and experts’ knowledge claims based on local knowledge. Civic groups used their experience and local knowledge to challenge the government’s flood control discourses, technological momentum and the co-production of the scientific knowledge and policy making .Civic groups learned disciplinary expertise, consulted flood control experts, and actively participated in the governance of the flooding. The case highlights different types of knowledge competing with each other in flood control arena, and civic groups’ usage of context-based local knowledge combined with flood control expertise to develop an appropriate flood control approach.
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Chang, Kai-Yao, and 張凱堯. "Artificial Intelligence for City Flood Control System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27746728386128949551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
97
Drainage systems play an important role in transporting storm runoff and reducing flood risk in urban areas. Stormy water, discharged by underground drainage systems, is hard to control, especially in highly urbanized areas, where concentration time is shorten and runoff coefficients are increased. This study aims to construct water-level prediction models in urban drainage systems and real-time operational guidelines for flood control pumping stations by using artificial intelligent techniques (AI). The AI techniques could effectively solve highly non-linear control problems and robustly tune the complicated conversion of human intelligence to logical operating system. This study first applies back-propagation neural networks (BPNN) to predict water-level in the urban drainage systems of Taipei city. The results show that BPNN could satisfyingly predict the water level with high accuracy. The model provides much longer responding time for urban flood management. The application also indicates that input data with shorter time interval has higher accuracy, which meets the need of pumping operation. The real-time operation guidelines for pumping stations in urban areas are future investigated by using counterpropagation fuzzy-neural network (CFNN) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results demonstrate that CFNN and ANFIS are both capable of forming reliable guidelines by using the information of precipitations, fore-bay water levels, gate operation and number of pumping station. It also indicates that ANFIS, comparing to CFNN, has better learning algorithm, which requires less rules to meet accuracy pumping operation needs. The real-time operation guidelines formed by ANFIS are recommended to managers for promoting operation efficiency and reliability.