Статті в журналах: "Flexible suspension"

1

Maggio, Mario, Marco Mauro, Maria Rosaria Acocella, and Gaetano Guerra. "Thermally stable, solvent resistant and flexible graphene oxide paper." RSC Advances 6, no. 50 (2016): 44522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09476g.

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2

Mohd Riduan, Aizuddin Fahmi, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Ajat Sudrajat, and Fauzi Ahmad. "Review on active suspension system." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902008.

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For the past decade, active suspension systems had made up most of research area concerning vehicle dynamics. For this review, recent studies on automobile active suspensions systems were examined. Several vehicular suspension types were also described to compare amongst them. From published investigations by previous researchers, various automotive suspensions in terms of cost, weight, structure, reliability, ride comfortability, dynamic and handling performance were exhibited and compared. After careful examination, it was concluded that electromagnetic active suspensions should be the general direction of vehicle suspension designs due to its energy regeneration, high bandwidth, simpler structure, flexible and accurate force control, better handling performance as well as drive characteristics.

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3

Manikantan, Harishankar, Lei Li, Saverio E. Spagnolie, and David Saintillan. "The instability of a sedimenting suspension of weakly flexible fibres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 756 (September 9, 2014): 935–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.482.

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AbstractSuspensions of sedimenting slender fibres in a viscous fluid are known to be unstable to fluctuations of concentration. In this paper we develop a theory for the role of fibre flexibility in sedimenting suspensions in the asymptotic regime of weakly flexible bodies (large elasto-gravitation number). Unlike the behaviour of straight fibres, individual flexible filaments rotate as they sediment, leading to an anisotropic base state of fibre orientations in an otherwise homogeneous suspension. A mean-field theory is derived to describe the evolution of fibre concentration and orientation fields, and we explore the stability of the base state to perturbations of fibre concentration. We show that fibre flexibility affects suspension stability in two distinct and competing ways: the anisotropy of the base state renders the suspension more unstable to perturbations, while individual particle self-rotation acts to prevent clustering and stabilizes the suspension. In the presence of thermal noise, the dominant effect depends critically upon the relative scales of flexible fibre self-rotation compared to rotational Brownian motion.

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4

Yao, Guo-feng, Jianhong Hou, and Pinbin Zhao. "A new methodology to calculate the equivalent stiffness matrix of the suspension structure with flexible linkages." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401770054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017700548.

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The purpose of this work is to present a methodology for calculating the equivalent stiffness matrix of the wheel center of the vehicle suspension. For a suspension, the stiffness matrix of the wheel center, which is effected by the bushings and flexible linkages, control the suspension’s elasto-kinematic ( e–k) specification. The equivalent stiffness matrix of the wheel center is formulated by using the stiffness of the bushings and linkages. And the models of series and parallel springs are used to calculate this equivalent stiffness matrix based on the number of the bushings and linkages. An example is presented to illustrate how to use the proposed methodology to derive the equivalent stiffness matrix of a suspension system with three bushings and flexible linkages. The results show that the equivalent stiffness of the wheel center will decrease if the linkage stiffness is considered. This methodology can be used in all kinds of suspension structure. It can also be used to optimize and design the suspension system.

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5

Hac´, Aleksander, Iljoong Youn, and Hsien H. Chen. "Control of Suspensions for Vehicles With Flexible Bodies—Part II: Semi-Active Suspensions." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801175.

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Two methods of control of semi-active suspensions that specifically address the problem of structural vibrations of the vehicle body are considered. These control strategies are based on those developed for active suspension systems in Part I of this study and rely on either modifications of suspension control forces that account for body compliance or on the addition of a proof-mass actuator to reduce structural vibrations. A half-car model that includes body compliance is used to evaluate the effects of these control strategies on the performance of the suspensions with two-state and continuously modulated dampers. The performances of the systems are evaluated in both the time and frequency domains. The effect of time delays in the process of actuating the adjustable dampers is investigated. Significant reductions of structural vibrations are observed when the nodes of body beaming modes are a sufficient distance away from the suspension mounting points, and the time delays in the control system are negligible. The results deteriorate markedly when two-state dampers are used instead of continuously variable dampers or when a time delay in excess of 5 ms is present in the control loop. When the preference in suspension design shifts toward road holding it becomes increasingly difficult to improve the vehicle structural response without sacrificing other aspects of performance.

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6

Li, Guo Dong. "Study on Suspension Parameters of Motor Cars." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1539.

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The vehicle flexible coefficient and the center of carbody sway movement are deduced. Based on the deduced equations, the influence of some critical parameters is studied for Motor Cars. In order to get the influence of the primary suspension on the dynamic performance, a vehicle model considered as a multiple rigid body system composed of wheelsets , bogie frames, carbody, primary and secondary suspensions is set up. Dynamic simulation results show that the primary suspension has a large influence on the vehicle.

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7

Liu, Xiang, Jing-Shan Zhao, and Zhi-Jing Feng. "Compliant dynamics of a rectilinear rear-independent system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 5 (November 14, 2016): 785–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216631369.

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The rectilinear rear-independent suspension investigated in this paper could remain the wheel alignment parameters invariable in theory. However, its dynamics is much more complex than that of the existing suspensions because of its redundant constraints in structure. Considering the elasticity of the rectilinear rear-independent suspension, a rigid-flexible half-car dynamic model is established for the first time based on the discrete time transfer matrix method. At the same time, a rigid half-car dynamic model is established as a comparison. The natural frequency characteristics and dynamic response of the rectilinear rear-independent suspension under random road excitations are analyzed and compared with those of rigid half-car dynamic model. The results reveal that the suspension system has apparent influence to the dynamics of vehicle. The wheel alignment parameters will fluctuate within a narrow range which is mainly determined by the rolling vibration of vehicle. And the suspension system could reduce and filter the road excitations with high frequency and small amplitude. This provides a good effect on the ride comfort of vehicle. Dynamics analysis of the rectilinear rear independent suspension reveals that the proposed modeling approach could deal with the dynamics of rigid-flexible multibody systems with redundant constraints effectively.

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8

Saraiva, Diogo V., Ricardo Chagas, Beatriz M. de Abreu, Cláudia N. Gouveia, Pedro E. S. Silva, Maria Helena Godinho, and Susete N. Fernandes. "Flexible and Structural Coloured Composite Films from Cellulose Nanocrystals/Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Lyotropic Suspensions." Crystals 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020122.

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Lyotropic colloidal aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can, after solvent evaporation, retain their chiral nematic arrangement. As water is removed the pitch value of the suspension decreases and structural colour-generating films, which are mechanically brittle in nature, can be obtained. Increasing their flexibility while keeping the chiral nematic structure and biocompatible nature is a challenging task. However, if achievable, this will promote their use in new and interesting applications. In this study, we report on the addition of different amounts of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) to CNCs suspension within the coexistence of the isotropic-anisotropic phases and infer the influence of this cellulosic derivative on the properties of the obtained solid films. It was possible to add 50 wt.% of HPC to a CNCs aqueous suspension (to obtain a 50/50 solids ratio) without disrupting the LC phase of CNCs and maintaining a left-handed helical structure in the obtained films. When 30 wt.% of HPC was added to the suspension of CNCs, a strong colouration in the film was still observed. This colour shifts to the near-infrared region as the HPC content in the colloidal suspension increases to 40 wt.% or 50 wt.% The all-cellulosic composite films present an increase in the maximum strain as the concentration of HPC increases, as shown by the bending experiments and an improvement in their thermal properties.

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9

Vrána, Tomáš, Josef Bradáč, and Jan Kovanda. "ELASTO-KINEMATIC COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF SUSPENSION WITH FLEXIBLE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0147.

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This paper analyzes the impact of flexibility of individual supporting elements of independent suspension on its elasto-kinematic characteristics. The toe and camber angle are the geometric parameters of the suspension, which waveforms and their changes under the action of vertical, longitudinal and transverse forces affect the stability of the vehicle. To study these dependencies, the computational multibody system (MBS) model of axle suspension in the system HyperWorks is created. There are implemented Finite-Element-Method (FEM) models reflecting the flexibility of the main supporting elements. These are subframe, the longitudinal arms, transverse arms and knuckle. Flexible models are developed using Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) by Craig-Bampton. The model further comprises force elements, such as helical springs, shock absorbers with a stop of the wheel and the anti-roll bar. Rubber-metal bushings are modeled flexibly, using nonlinear deformation characteristics. Simulation results are validated by experimental measurements of geometric parameters of real suspension.

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10

Li, Xue Ying, Zhuo Ping Yu, Zeng Liang Yu, and Lu Xiong. "Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Basing on a Multi-Rigid Suspension Model and a Multi-Flexible Suspension Model." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.427.

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The torque vibration derived from in-wheel-motor transmitted to body frame through suspension system without the absorption of mechanical transmission parts, then excited every body panel to shape the vehicle interior noise, which influenced the quality of the vehicle NVH. This paper aims to build an accurate suspension system simulation model to analyze the influence of suspension parts parameters to system vibration transmission property. Basis on a novel empirical model of rubber bushing, a multi-rigid suspension model and a multi-flexible suspension model had been established respectively. The vibration characteristics of two models were simulated, furthermore the swept-sine exciting vertical force signal on wheel contact point were input on the simulation models to find the difference between rigid and flexible model. The simulation results show that: the multi-flexible model can reflect the vibration characteristics of the suspension system more accurately in the high frequency range and so is it more applicable to the simulation analysis of vibration characteristics of in-wheel-motor electric vehicle suspension system.

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11

Grigorjeva, Tatjana, and Ainars Paeglitis. "THE SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRIC SINGLE-PYLON SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH RIGID CABLES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2020.13737.

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Suspension bridges are characterized by exceptional architectural expressions and excellent technical and economic properties. However, despite all advantages, suspension bridges have a few negative features. Suspension bridges with flexible cables share excessive deformation caused by the displacement of kinematic origin. In order to increase the stiffness of suspension bridges, an innovative structural solution refers to rigid cables used instead of the flexible ones. The paper describes a methodology for calculating an asymmetric single-pylon suspension bridge with rigid cables considering installation features. Also, the article presents the numerical simulation of the bridge and determines the accuracy of the proposed methodology.

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12

Yao, Yuan, Hong-Jun Zhang, and Shi-Hui Luo. "THE MECHANISM OF DRIVE SYSTEM FLEXIBLE SUSPENSION AND ITS APPLICATION IN LOCOMOTIVES." TRANSPORT 30, no. 1 (May 22, 2013): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2013.785977.

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The drive system flexibly suspended on the bogie frame is conducive to the lateral dynamic performances of locomotive. In order to clarify the mechanism and optimize the suspension parameters using this model, a bogie dynamics model with 10 degrees of freedom (including the drive system) was established. The lateral dynamic performances were analyzed with the different suspension parameters. The mechanism was determined from the dynamic vibration absorber and the best suspension frequency of the drive system was put forward. The multi-body-dynamics model with two types of drive systems was simulated in locomotives to verify this theoretical analysis. When the suspension frequency is close to the hunting motion frequency of the wheelset, the locomotive dynamics performed the best. The length of the swing rods at the front and rear drive systems were different on the same bogie, which improved the locomotive dynamic performances within a wider range of speed and the wheel conicity. The track shift forces of the locomotive were reduced by 45% and 34% respectively with the swing rods on the motor side and the non-motor side relative to the non-flexible suspension.

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13

Huang, Hsing-Hui, and Meng-Hsuan Lin. "THE EFFECT OF FLEXIBLE COMPONENTS ON THE STEERING CHARACTERISTICS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 4 (November 2017): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1041.

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In this study, motion simulation analysis was used to investigate the performance of a Strut-SLA front suspension system. The geometric kinematics was studied under steering motion and the compliance of flexible elements on suspension performance parameters, under aligning torque, was also investigated. The Taguchi method was used to evaluate combinations of different levels of flexibility in each part of the suspension and to analyze performance parameters and suspension loading conditions associated with different flexible elements. This reduced the number of analyses and time required to a minimum. By using the larger-the-better characteristic to calculate and analyze the results, the combination of the control factor and levels having substantial effect on the performance parameter could be found, this facilitated study of the impact of the flexible elements on all types of parameters.

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14

Juozapaitis, Algirdas, Siim Idnurm, Gintaris Kaklauskas, Juhan Idnurm, and Viktor Gribniak. "NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES WITH FLEXIBLE AND RIGID CABLES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.14.

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One of the main problems related to the design of suspension bridges is stabilisation of their initial form. The tendency of suspension bridges to deform is generally determined by the kinematical displacements of the suspension cable caused by asymmetrical loads rather than by the elastic deformations. There are some suspension bridges when the so‐called rigid (stiff in bending) cables instead of usual flexible cables are suggested for stabilisation of their initial form. The analysis methods of such suspension bridges with rigid cables are underdeveloped. For the analysis of classical suspension bridges analytical models can be applied. However, in case of concentrated forces, the numerical techniques are preferred. The article presents analytical expressions for the calculation of internal forces and displacements of suspension bridges with a rigid cable. The article also discusses the discrete calculation model for classical suspension bridges. Santrauka Viena iš pagrindiniu kabamuju tiltu projektavimo problemu yra pradinus ju formos stabilizavimas. Kabamuju tiltu deformatyvuma lemia iš esmes ne tiek tampriosios deformacijos, kiek asimetriniu apkrovu sukelti kinematiniai kabamojo lyno poslinkiai. Yra žinomi kabamieji tiltai, kuriu pradinei formai stabilizuoti siūloma vietoje iprastiniu lanksčiuju lynu taikyti vadinamuosius standžius lynus. Tokiu kabamuju tiltu su standžiaislynais skaičiavimo metodai nera iki galo parengti. Klasikiniams tiltams su lanksčiu lynu skaičiuoti taikomi daugiausia kontinualūs modeliai, kurie esant tam tikrai tilto sandarai ar veikiant sutelktoms apkrovoms nera pakankamai tikslūs. Straipsnyje pateikiamos analizines išraiškos kabamuju tiltu su standžiu lynu iražoms ir poslinkiams apskaičiuoti, aptariamas diskretusis klasikiniu kabamuju tiltu skaičiavimo modelis.

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15

Vrana, Tomas, Jan Kovanda, and Josef Bradac. "STUDY OF SUSPENSION CHARACTERISTICS BY USING FLEXIBLE SUBFRAME." MM Science Journal 2015, no. 04 (December 9, 2015): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2015_12_201546.

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16

SUN, Y. G., K. J. SONG, Y. H. MAO, and L. LIN. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ACTIVE FLEXIBLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM." Journal of Sound and Vibration 249, no. 3 (January 2002): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.3741.

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17

Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Rakesh Chandmal Sharma, Jaesun Lee, and Hong-Lae Jang. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of DVA on the Flexible-Rigid Rail Vehicle Carbody Resonant Vibration." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051922.

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This paper examines the influence of the equipment considered as a DVA (Dynamic Vibration Absorber) upon the mode of vertical vibrations of the car body in high-speed vehicles. The car body is represented as an Euler-Bernoulli beam to minimize flexible vibration. The DVA approach is used to find the appropriate suspension frequencies for various types of equipment. A vertical mathematical model with a flexible car body and equipment is developed to investigate the effect of equipment mass, suspension stiffness, damping, and mounting location on car-body flexible vibrations. A three-dimensional, rigid-flexible coupled vehicle system dynamics model is developed to simulate the car body and equipment’s response to track irregularities. The experimental result was considered to verify the theoretical analysis and dynamic simulation. The mathematical analysis demonstrates that the DVA theory can be used to design the suspension parameters of the equipment and that it is suitable and effective in reducing the flexible vibration of the car body in which the vertical bending mode is greatly affected. Heavy equipment should be mounted as close to the car body’s center as possible to achieve significant flexible vibration reduction, whereas light equipment contributes very little flexible vibration reduction.

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18

Wang, Qunsheng, Jing Zeng, Lai Wei, and Bin Zhu. "Carbody vibrations of high-speed train caused by dynamic unbalance of underframe suspended equipment." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018818969.

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The effect of dynamic unbalance of the underframe suspended rotational equipment on the flexible vibrations of the carbody has become a major concern for high-speed trains. It is known from the field tests that the dynamic unbalance has a significant influence on carbody vibrations, especially the local flexible vibration, which leads to a decrease in the passenger ride comfort and may even cause structural damage to the carbody. A vertical mathematic model considering the carbody flexibility and the underframe suspended equipment is first set up, and then a three-dimensional dynamic model for a rigid–flexible coupled vehicle system is established. The effect mechanism of the dynamic unbalance on carbody flexible vibration is extensively studied, and the efficient measures to reduce the carbody flexible vibrations are proposed. The theoretical and simulation models are verified by comparing with a field test conducted on a newly designed high-speed railway. The results show that decreasing the unbalanced mass of the rotational equipment can reduce the carbody vibrations. Moreover, the use of elastic suspension for the underframe equipment can isolate the vibration transmission to the carbody. Both the theory of dynamic vibration absorber and dynamic unbalance should be considered to optimize reasonable suspension parameters, especially the suspension location and the suspension frequency.

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19

Liao, Shu Hua, Yu Hui Bao, and Shao Dai Zhou. "The Discussion of the Simulation Accuracy of the Vehicle Suspension Coupled Dynamics Model." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.849.

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Take a vehicle front suspension assembly as an example, established the dynamics model of vehicle front suspension. Compared different results of dynamics models with the opposite travel test. Proved the effect of flexible body in the vehicle suspension dynamics model. Provided a reference method for the establishment of vehicle suspension dynamics model.

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20

Jiang, Rongchao, Zhenchao Jin, Dawei Liu, and Dengfeng Wang. "Multi-Objective Lightweight Optimization of Parameterized Suspension Components Based on NSGA-II Algorithm Coupling with Surrogate Model." Machines 9, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9060107.

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In order to reduce the negative effect of lightweighting of suspension components on vehicle dynamic performance, the control arm and torsion beam widely used in front and rear suspensions were taken as research objects for studying the lightweight design method of suspension components. Mesh morphing technology was employed to define design variables. Meanwhile, the rigid–flexible coupling vehicle model with flexible control arm and torsion beam was built for vehicle dynamic simulations. The total weight of control arm and torsion beam was taken as optimization objective, as well as ride comfort and handling stability performance indexes. In addition, the fatigue life, stiffness, and modal frequency of control arm and torsion beam were taken as the constraints. Then, Kriging model and NSGA-II were adopted to perform the multi-objective optimization of control arm and torsion beam for determining the lightweight scheme. By comparing the optimized and original design, it indicates that the weight of the optimized control arm and torsion beam are reduced 0.505 kg and 1.189 kg, respectively, while structural performance and vehicle performance satisfy the design requirement. The proposed multi-objective optimization method achieves a remarkable mass reduction, and proves to be feasible and effective for lightweight design of suspension components.

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21

Gu, Fan, Hui Xin Wang, Dan Wang, and Jia Quan Sun. "Influence of Suspension Length on the Mechanical Response of Submarine Flexible Pipe under Internal Pressure and Transverse Load." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.884.

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According to the actual structure of submarine flexible pipe, considering the combined effect of internal pressure and transverse load by wave-current flow that is based on 50 year return period wave statistics data of Cheng Dao sea area, ANSYS finite element model of flexible pipe is established. The influence of internal pressure and suspension length on the axial stress of steel wire reinforcement layer and the Mises stress of rubber layer was analyzed. Comparatively, suspension is the main cause for the failure of steel submarine pipeline, but could hardly lead to the failure of submarine flexible pipe, which shows that flexible pipe is stronger applicable for submarine pipeline.

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22

Mikhail, Magdy Y., and Michael S. Mamlouk. "Effect of Vehicle-Pavement Interaction on Pavement Response." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1570, no. 1 (January 1997): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1570-10.

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The structural response of flexible pavements is studied under different dynamic loads and pavement roughness conditions. The factors affecting dynamic load variability are investigated with regard to pavement-vehicle interaction. Furthermore, the study considers the viscoelastic nature of asphalt concrete and the nonlinearity and plasticity of granular and subgrade materials. The Florida COMPAS computer program was used to estimate the dynamic wheel force, and the ABAQUS three-dimensional finite-element program was used to determine the pavement response. The effects of vehicle and pavement characteristics such as vehicle type, vehicle speed, suspension type, level of roughness, pavement stiffness, and layer thickness were studied and statistically analyzed. The walking-beam suspension causes more dynamic load variation than the air-bag and leaf-spring suspension. The dynamic load coefficient for the walking-beam suspension is approximately twice the other suspensions. Vehicle speed is an important factor; the 20 km/hr speed resulted in permanent displacement approximately 10 times the permanent displacement produced by the 130 km/hr speed. The pavement response varies with distance due to roughness. Pavement stiffness and thickness had some effect on pavement response, but truck type and truck suspension type did not have a large effect.

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23

Meng, Lingsheng, Yuanji Zou, Yudi Qin, and Zhichao Hou. "A new electric wheel and optimization on its suspension parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 12 (June 3, 2020): 2759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020921736.

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Hub-driven technology with its many advantages has become a potential transformation technology in the automotive industry. In order to inhibit the negative effects of the in-wheel motor, a new electric wheel configuration was presented with two-stage suspensions, and optimization was conducted for the suspension parameters. With the specially introduced flexible transmission elements and motor suspension, the electric wheel is capable of achieving power transmission and vertical vibration isolation simultaneously. A quarter-vehicle model was established, and vehicle performance-related indices were defined to evaluate the applicability of the new electric wheel. An optimization problem was then constructed for suspension parameters, where constraint conditions were derived according to vehicle dynamics. The optimal solution was sought by a genetic algorithm, aiming at utilizing the full potential of the configuration. Simulations were carried out taking the optimal suspension parameters into account, and comparison was made with vehicles equipped with other electric wheel configurations in terms of these performance indices. The results show that the proposed electric wheel reduces motor vibration, and increases wheel dynamic load and vehicle body acceleration.

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Boushev, V. Yu. "SWINGING OF THE LOAD ON THE TOWER CRANE AND PROBLEMS OF FIXING THE OSCILLATORY MOVEMENTS OF THE LOAD." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 296 (November 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2021.11.pp.020-024.

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The article considers the issues associated with the swinging of the load on the flexible suspension, the mechanical scheme of movement of trolley with load on the flexible suspension is represented, the processes start traveling mechanism of the trolley on a tower crane are investigated, the substantiation for the application of safety devices with the registration parameters fixed (register) load-swing is given, presented models of technical solutions to commit (register) load-swing.

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OKAMOTO, Shingo, Masaru SAKATA, Koji KIMURA, and Hisaichi OHNABE. "Finite Element Vibration Analysis of a Flexible Rotor Subjected to Base Excitation. 2nd Report. Flexible Suspension-Flexible Shaft-Flexible Disk-Flexible Blade System." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, no. 549 (1992): 1352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.1352.

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26

Yuan Cheng, Gexue Ren, and ShiLiang Dai. "Vibration control of gough-stewart platform on flexible suspension." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 19, no. 3 (June 2003): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tra.2003.810233.

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27

LAWTON, A. P. "Implementation of a Maglev Vehicle Suspension for Flexible Guideways." Vehicle System Dynamics 14, no. 1-3 (June 1985): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423118508968818.

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28

Kozyrev, A. V. "Measuring small momenta by ballistic pendulum on flexible suspension." Technical Physics Letters 37, no. 12 (December 2011): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378501112025x.

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29

Wang, H. N., X. W. Hou, and X. P. Su. "Application of Rigid-Flexible Coupling in Stiffness Calculation of Double Wishbone Suspension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.161.

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Based on multi-body Dynamics theory, the 1/4 multi-rigid model of double wishbone suspension of automobile in ADAMS/View is created, and use ANSYS software to analyze torsion beam flexibility. Furthermore, the rigid-flexibility model has been created and the rigid change of suspension line along with the tire dynamics change is simulated. The result shows that the rigid-flexible coupling model is more accuracy than the multi-rigid one and fits the practical situation even better. This paper proposes an efficient method for analyzing the rigid of double-wishbone suspension vertical line.

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30

OKAMOTO, Shingo, Masaru SAKATA, Koji KIMURA, and Hisaichi OHNABE. "Finite Element Vibration Analysis of a Flexible Rotor Subjected to Base Excitation. 1st Report. Flexible Suspension-Flexible Shaft-Flexible Disk System." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, no. 548 (1992): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.1004.

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31

Vogel, H., and B. J. Natvig. "Dynamics of Flexible Hose Riser Systems." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 109, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257016.

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Анотація:

The paper describes a highly effective method for computing the dynamics of the catenary-shaped suspension of flexible hose systems. The method accounts for a number of nonlinearities, it is 3-dimensional and it is performed in the time domain. The paper addresses the analysis method and demonstrates its effectiveness on a sample flexible riser analysis.

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32

Wang, Zhigang, Wenjian Mei, Qi Yang, Mingming Qiao, Jianping Chen, and Peng Li. "Research on maintenance tools of wire clamps for live working on Ultra High Voltage transmission lines." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101063.

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Aiming at the problem that the suspension clamp is difficult to be quickly replaced due to the heavy load of the suspension clamp when replacing the transmission line wire suspension clamp in the UHV live operation, this paper develops an auxiliary device for realizing the rapid replacement of the conductor suspension clamp. Through the design of fixtures suitable for the installation of UHV wires and connecting plates, the load transfer of the suspension clamp can be quickly realized, and the suspension clamp can be separated and replaced under the condition of no force. The device is flexible and light, and effectively improves the live working personnel work efficiency.

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33

Tian, Rui Lan, and Xin Wei Yang. "Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of Flexible Suspension Bridge under Moving Load." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1025.

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The system model of flexible suspension bridge under several moving loads was founded according to SD oscillator with time –dependent stiffness. The model was simulated by the software MATLAB and the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the system with different velocities were analyzed. Bifurcation diagram of the system is obtained with the changing of vehicle speed; meanwhile the phase trajectories and the Poincaré sections are also presented. The result shows the complicated nonlinear dynamics with periodic motion, quasi-periodic phenomena and chaos, the occurrence alternatively among these quasi-period and chaos, which reveals the reason that causes the S-shape deformation of flexible suspension bridge under moving load easily.

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34

Hac´, Aleksander, Iljoong Youn, and Hsien H. Chen. "Control of Suspensions for Vehicles With Flexible Bodies—Part I: Active Suspensions." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801174.

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In this paper, two classes of control strategies for active suspension are developed. The purpose of control is to reduce structural vibrations of the body without compromising traditional control objectives. In the first approach, the control laws for the suspension forces are synthesized to enhance modal damping in the structural modes. In the second approach, a separate proof-mass actuator mounted on the vehicle body is used to suppress structural vibrations, while suspension controllers based on a rigid-body model are utilized. The results of simulation demonstrate that with both methods significant reductions in structural vibrations can be achieved without sacrificing other aspects of performance, provided that modal variables for the body beaming modes are available for feedback. To simplify the implementation, suboptimal decentralized controllers using state and subsequently output feedback are developed, which are obtained by taking advantage of the separation between the natural frequencies of the rigid-body and the structural modes. For both control methods, output feedback, including the modal variables for the body beaming modes, results in performances that are close to those obtained for a full state feedback.

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35

Cao, Guo Hui, Jia Xing Hu, Kai Zhang, and Min He. "Analysis and Test on Mechanical Properties of a Flexible Suspension Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1616.

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In order to research on mechanical properties of flexible suspension bridges, a geometric nonlinear analysis method was used to simulate on the experimental results, and carried on static loading test finally. In the loading test process, the deformations were measured in critical section of the suspension bridge, and displacement values of measured are compared with simulation values of the finite element simulation. Meanwhile the deformations of the main cable sag are observed under classification loading, the results show that the main cable sag increment is basically linear relationship with the increment of mid-span loading and tension from 3L/8 and 5L/8 to L/2 section, the main cable that increasing unit sag required mid-span loads and tension are gradually reduce in near L/4 and 3L/4 sections and gradually increase in near L/8 and 7L/8 sections and almost equal in near L/2, 3L/8 and 5L/8 sections. From the experimental results, the flexible suspension bridge possess good mechanical properties.

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36

Kondora, Grzegorz, and Dariusz Asendrych. "Modelling the Dynamics of Flexible and Rigid Fibres." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0008.

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Abstract A particle-level simulation technique has been developed for modelling fibre suspension flow in a converging channel of a papermachine headbox. The fibre model is represented by a chain of elements connected together. The model was verified by the simulation of rigid fibre dynamics in a simple shear flow. The period of rotation was found to be in a very good agreement with theory and reference data. The model was then employed to simulate fibre motion in a converging channel of a papermachine headbox. Fibre suspension motion was resolved using two-step procedure. Velocity field was calculated by means of a commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent with RSM turbulence model applied and used as an input to the in-house code allowing to simulate fibre dynamics. Results of the calculations were used to construct the fibre orientation probability distribution (FOPD) which was found to be consistent with available experimental data.

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37

Billotte, Catherine, Edith Roland Fotsing, and Edu Ruiz. "Optimization of Alumina Slurry for Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Composites Manufactured by Injection Molding." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2748070.

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This paper focuses on the rheological study of an alumina suspension intended for the manufacturing of oxide-oxide composites by flexible injection. Given the production constraints, it is required to have stable suspension with low viscosity and a Newtonian behavior. This is achieved with a concentration of nitric acid between 0.08 wt% and 0.2 wt% and amount of 3 wt% of PVA binder. The maximum loading of the suspension of 47 vol% suggests that there is no structure development within the suspension with optimized concentration of acid and PVA.

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38

Hong, Zhenyu, Xiaoli Yu, Zhenpeng He, and Guichang Zhang. "The multi-objective optimization of the damaged aircraft trailer based on a dynamic model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 11 (October 23, 2017): 1481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017730439.

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A damaged aircraft trailer is an essential piece of airport emergency rescue equipment which is made up of frames and multiple suspensions. As a load–force transferring mechanism, the suspension bears heavy loads which can cause fatigue damage. Therefore, reducing the maximum stress of the suspension is necessary to improve the vehicle performance. Besides, lightweight design should be considered to reduce energy consumption. Thus, lighter suspension which can bear more pressure is the optimization objective of this research. A multi-objective optimization method was carried out to analyze the suspension arm of a damaged aircraft trailer. Firstly, to investigate the dynamic characteristics and the reliability of the damaged aircraft trailer, a detailed three combined damaged aircraft trailers model was built. Based on the flexible-rigid coupled method, dynamic simulation of the damaged aircraft trailer was conducted in MSC.ADAMS. Then a suspension model was established, and the stress under different loads was measured to verify the accuracy of the finite element suspension arm model by experiments. Based on the design of experiment method, the effect of suspension arm parameters were obtained to build the approximate models. Besides, the influences of some effect parameters on optimal objectives were analyzed based on the surface response method. During the optimization process, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was adopted to optimize the mass and stress of the suspension arm. The results show that the mass of the suspension arm is reduced from 146.81 kg to 126.69 kg, which is a reduction of 14%. The maximum von Mises stress is changed from 325 MPa to 297 MPa, which is a decrease of 8.6%. This optimal method can be extended to the overall vehicle, which has an important significance in the whole damaged aircraft trailer characteristics improvement design.

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39

Lee, Jinho, Wonhee You, Jungyoul Lim, Kwan-Sup Lee, and Jae-Yong Lim. "Development of the Reduced-Scale Vehicle Model for the Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Hyperloop." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133883.

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This study addresses the Hyperloop characterized by a capsule-type vehicle, superconducting electrodynamic suspension (SC-EDS) levitation, and driving in a near-vacuum tube. Because the Hyperloop is different from conventional transportation, various considerations are required in the vehicle-design stage. Particularly, pre-investigation of the vehicle dynamic characteristics is essential because of the close relationship among the vehicle design parameters, such as size, weight, and suspensions. Accordingly, a 1/10 scale Hyperloop vehicle system model, enabling the analysis of dynamic motions in the vertical and lateral directions, was developed. The reduced-scale model is composed of bogies operated by Stewart platforms, secondary suspension units, and a car body. To realize the bogie motion, an operation algorithm reflecting the external disturbance, SC-EDS levitation, and interaction between the bogie and car body, was applied to the Stewart platform. Flexible rubber springs were used in the secondary suspension unit to enable dynamic characteristic analysis of the vertical and lateral motion. Results of the verification tests were compared with simulation results to examine the fitness of the developed model. The results showed that the developed reduced-scale model could successfully represent the complete dynamic characteristics, owing to the enhanced precision of the Stewart platform and the secondary suspension allowing biaxial motions.

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40

Lawton, Alan. "IMPLEMENTATION OF A MAG-LEV VEHICLE SUSPENSION FOR FLEXIBLE GUIDEWAYS." Vehicle System Dynamics 15, sup1 (January 1986): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423118608969143.

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41

Schindler, Axel, Stefan Spiessberger, Steffen Hergert, Norbert Fruehauf, James P. Novak, and Zvi Yaniv. "Suspension-deposited carbon-nanotube networks for flexible active-matrix displays." Journal of the Society for Information Display 16, no. 5 (2008): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.2918087.

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42

Khalid, Muhammad Waqas, Rajib Ahmed, Ali K. Yetisen, and Haider Butt. "Flexible corner cube retroreflector array for temperature and strain sensing." RSC Advances 8, no. 14 (2018): 7588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13284k.

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43

Lee, J.-W., and D.-H. Kim. "Dynamics of a spreader suspended by four flexible cables." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406042369116.

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This paper will investigate in detail three-dimensional equations of motion for spreaders. Spreaders, typically suspended by four parallel flexible cables, are widely used in transfer cranes at container terminals. As is well known, owing to the flexibility of the suspension cables, three-dimensional equations of motion of the spreader are hard to express in compact form. The equations of motion are derived through the approximation of the gravitational energy of the spreader and the elastic energy stored in suspension cables. The approximation is shown to be good enough in practical field operation ranges. The characteristics of the derived equations of motion are also investigated. Through computer simulations, the derived equations of motion are verified and some experiments are carried out to show the characteristics of spreader dynamics.

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44

Vasileva, Fedora, Vasiliy Popov, Irina Antonova, and Svetlana Smagulova. "Screen-Printed Structures from a Highly Conductive Mildly Oxidized Graphene Suspension for Flexible Electronics." Materials 15, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031256.

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In this study, the screen-printed flexible humidity sensor and supercapacitor structures from a suspension of mildly oxidized graphene (MOG) was obtained. MOG suspension with a low atomic oxygen content (~20%) was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. MOG films (average thickness 5 μm) with a surface resistance of 102–103 kΩ/sq were obtained by screen printing on a flexible substrate. The thermal reduction of MOG films at 200 °C reduced the surface resistance to 1.5 kΩ/sq. The laser reduction with a 474 nm and 200 mW solid-state laser reduced the surface resistance to ~0.065 kΩ/sq. Various structures were screen-printed on a flexible substrate for a variety of flexible electronics applications. The structures representing a flat supercapacitor had an average specific capacitance of ~6 μF/cm2. The tensile deformations occurring during bending reduced the capacitance by 40% at a bending radius of 2 mm. Humidity sensing structures with sensitivity of 9% were obtained.

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45

Caldwell, Ryan, and Stefania Fatone. "Technique modifications for a suction suspension version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket: The Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 43, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364618798869.

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Background and Aim: Development of a passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket would expand application of sub-ischial sockets to a larger proportion of persons with transfemoral amputation. While active vacuum suspension provides more positive coupling of the residual limb to the prosthetic socket, there are circumstances when use of active vacuum is not appropriate or feasible. Therefore, this technical note describes the technique modifications required to cast, fabricate, and fit a passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket (i.e. the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket). Technique: Most technique modifications stem from the use of an internal seal with the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket and the need to account for the greater relative motion occurring between the residual limb and socket with passive suction compared to active vacuum suspension. Discussion: Between January 2015 and March 2018, 266 Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction sockets were fit successfully using the described technique modifications. Clinical relevance A passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket—the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket—broadens the application of sub-ischial sockets to a larger proportion of the population with transfemoral amputation.

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46

Feng, Jin Zhi, Le Liu, Song Lin Zheng, Da Wei Gao, and Tao Sun. "Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of a Dual-Link Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1230.

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Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, a rigid-flexible coupling dual-link suspension model is established. Belgium road motivate inputs gathered from a proving ground are imposed on both wheels through a suspension-test rig and then a simulation is carried out. Next, the model is verified and refined by the available field test results of rear axle vertical acceleration. At last, based on the validated suspension dynamic model, a comprehensive dynamic load simulation is performed and different kinds of load form of suspension components are analyzed. This research could provide reference for measure point selection of load spectrum acquisition.

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47

Hoeng, Fanny, Aurore Denneulin, Guillaume Krosnicki, and Julien Bras. "Positive impact of cellulose nanofibrils on silver nanowire coatings for transparent conductive films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 46 (2016): 10945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc03629e.

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48

Alves, Marco Túlio Santana, Valder Steffen, Marina Castro dos Santos, Marcelo Amorim Savi, Søren Enemark, and Ilmar Ferreira Santos. "Vibration control of a flexible rotor suspended by shape memory alloy wires." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 11 (April 2, 2018): 2309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18758179.

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The present contribution is devoted to the study of the influence of shape memory alloys on the dynamic behavior of flexible rotors. In this sense, a suspension composed by pseudoelastic shape memory alloy wires that are connected to a rotor-bearing test rig was designed. To evaluate the performance of the system, both numerical and experimental investigations are carried out. The suspension stiffness can vary, especially in the pseudoelastic region, so that this variation takes place per a hysteretic cycle denoting energy dissipation whenever the loading magnitude is sufficient to induce a phase transformation. The constitutive model used to describe the shape memory alloy behavior is a modified version of the Brinson model for the one-dimensional case. To provide all thermomechanical properties of shape memory alloy wire, a complete characterization process was performed. Due to numerical reasons, the size of the model of the rotating system was reduced. Finally, numerical and experimental results demonstrate the success of shape memory alloy applied to the suspension of rotating machines as an interesting alternative for vibration control.

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49

Niu, Jun Chuan, Ji Qing Zhu, and Fa Wen Ji. "General Model of Optimal Control of Fully Flexible Vibrating Suspension Systems." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2978.

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Accounting of the fact that there are so many SMR systems in the isolation practices and investigation that it is not convenient and efficient to deal with them, the paper presents a general model and its mathematical description of fully flexible vibrating suspension systems, in which both machines and bases are considered as finite or infinite flexible beams, by sub-structural mobility technique and transfer matrix approach. Then in accordance with the combination of subsystems and the two proposed optimal control strategies, the formulation of power flow is derived. Some simulations are performed to show the validity and the reliability of the presented model and to obtain some valuable results which can be regarded as a set of general benchmarks of suspension system designs.

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50

Mamlouk, Michael S., and Magdy Y. Mikhail. "Concept for Mechanistic-Based Performance Model for Flexible Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1629, no. 1 (January 1998): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1629-17.

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A concept for a mechanistic-based performance model for flexible pavement was developed that considers the interaction between vehicles and pavement. A dynamic vehicle model was used to estimate the dynamic wheel force, and a three-dimensional finite element nonlinear dynamic pavement model was used to determine the dynamic pavement response. The effect of pavement roughness on vehicle bouncing and the effect of vehicle bouncing on the progression of pavement roughness were investigated under different roughness levels, suspension types, and layer thicknesses. The increase in roughness after each load repetition can be calculated using basic material properties from which the pavement service life can be estimated. The number of equivalent 80-kN single axle load repetitions to failure was estimated under different conditions without the need for empirical observations. It was found that the number of load repetitions to go from one level of present serviceability index (PSI) to the next largely decreases as the PSI level decreases. The air bag suspension results in the longest pavement life, while the walking beam suspension results in the shortest pavement life. The total number of load repetitions to reach failure for thick pavement sections is 14 percent higher than that for medium-thick sections, and 63 percent greater than that for thin sections. The reverse of this analysis can be used to design the pavement section so that it would sustain a certain number of load repetitions before failure using a mechanistic procedure. The proposed concept for a mechanistic-based performance model developed in this study can be refined to increase the mechanistic portion of the model, reduce empirical involvement, and improve computational procedure.

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