Статті в журналах: "Flexible fibers"

1

Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.

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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.

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Wang, Shengjun, Jiaqi Guo, Yibo Ma, Alan X. Wang, Xianming Kong, and Qian Yu. "Fabrication and Application of SERS-Active Cellulose Fibers Regenerated from Waste Resource." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132142.

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The flexible SERS substrate were prepared base on regenerated cellulose fibers, in which the Au nanoparticles were controllably assembled on fiber through electrostatic interaction. The cellulose fiber was regenerated from waste paper through the dry-jet wet spinning method, an eco-friendly and convenient approach by using ionic liquid. The Au NPs could be controllably distributed on the surface of fiber by adjusting the conditions during the process of assembling. Finite-difference time-domain theoretical simulations verified the intense local electromagnetic fields of plasmonic composites. The flexible SERS fibers show excellent SERS sensitivity and adsorption capability. A typical Raman probe molecule, 4-Mercaptobenzoicacid (4-MBA), was used to verify the SERS cellulose fibers, the sensitivity could achieve to 10−9 M. The flexible SERS fibers were successfully used for identifying dimetridazole (DMZ) from aqueous solution. Furthermore, the flexible SERS fibers were used for detecting DMZ from the surface of fish by simply swabbing process. It is clear that the fabricated plasmonic composite can be applied for the identifying toxins and chemicals.

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3

Yan, Yurong, Weipei Li, Ruitian Zhu, Chao Lin, and Rudolf Hufenus. "Flexible Phase Change Material Fiber: A Simple Route to Thermal Energy Control Textiles." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020401.

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A flexible hollow polypropylene (PP) fiber was filled with the phase change material (PCM) polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000), using a micro-fluidic filling technology. The fiber’s latent heat storage and release, thermal reversibility, mechanical properties, and phase change behavior as a function of fiber drawing, were characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that both enthalpies of melting and solidification of the PCM encased within the PP fiber were scarcely influenced by the constraint, compared to unconfined PEG1000. The maximum filling ratio of PEG1000 within the tubular PP filament was ~83 wt.%, and the encapsulation efficiencies and heat loss percentages were 96.7% and 7.65% for as-spun fibers and 93.7% and 1.53% for post-drawn fibers, respectively. Weak adherence of PEG on the inner surface of the PP fibers favored bubble formation and aggregating at the core–sheath interface, which led to different crystallization behavior of PEG1000 at the interface and in the PCM matrix. The thermal stability of PEG was unaffected by the PP encasing; only the decomposition temperature, corresponding to 50% weight loss of PEG1000 inside the PP fiber, was a little higher compared to that of pure PEG1000. Cycling heating and cooling tests proved the reversibility of latent heat release and storage properties, and the reliability of the PCM fiber.

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4

Jia, Xian-Sheng, Cheng-Chun Tang, Xu Yan, Gui-Feng Yu, Jin-Tao Li, Hong-Di Zhang, Jun-Jie Li, Chang-Zhi Gu, and Yun-Ze Long. "Flexible Polyaniline/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite FibersviaElectrospinning and In Situ Polymerization for Ammonia Gas Sensing and Strain Sensing." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9102828.

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Conducting polyaniline (PANI) was in situ polymerized at the surface of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers to obtain flexible composite fibers. The electrical conductivity of an individual PANI/PMMA composite fiber was estimated to be 2.0 × 10−1 S cm−1at room temperature. The ammonia sensing properties of the samples were tested by impedance analysis. The PANI/PMMA fibers could obviously respond to low concentration of ammonia at ppb level and could respond to relatively high concentration of ammonia at 10 ppm level quickly. In addition, the sensitivity exhibited a good linear relationship to the ammonia concentration. Particularly, the flexible PANI/PMMA fibers showed a reversible change in electrical resistance with repeated cycles of bending and relaxing, and the electrical resistance decreased with the increase of curvature. These results indicate that the flexible PANI/PMMA composite fibers may be used in toxic ammonia gas detection, strain sensing, and flexible electronic devices.

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5

Babachov, V. G., E. V. Stepanova, A. M. Zimichev, and O. V. Basargin. "OXIDE CONTINUOUS FIBERS AS A PART OF FLEXIBLE HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION." Aviation Materials and Technologies, no. 1 (2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-1-34-43.

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This work is devoted to the production of flexible continuous ceramic fibers based on refractory aluminum and silicon oxides using the Sol-gel method. The processes of transition of water-soluble components of the precursor solution to the oxide form during primary firing of gelified fibers are studied. Structural and phase transformations in fibers under high-temperature heating are examined. The sequence of phase transitions from the amorphous state to the crystal stable phase of α-Al2O3 is shown. The dependence of the mechanical properties of oxide fiber samples on the firing temperature is studied. The conditions for obtaining flexible fibers for textile processing into thrown-twisted heat-resistant yarns are determined. A batch of yarns has been made with additional introduction of organic yarns to protect oxide fibers. The article shows the possibility of manufacturing flexible high-temperature insulation from oxide fibers in the form of a braid for sealing cords and current conductors.

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6

Podsiadły, Bartłomiej, Piotr Walter, Michał Kamiński, Andrzej Skalski, and Marcin Słoma. "Electrically Conductive Nanocomposite Fibers for Flexible and Structural Electronics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12030941.

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The following paper presents a simple, low-cost, and repeatable manufacturing process for fabricating conductive, elastic carbon-elastomer nanocomposite fibers for applications in the textile industry and beyond. The presented method allows for the manufacturing of fibers with a diameter of 0.2 mm, containing up to 50 vol. % of graphite powder, 10 vol. % of CNT, and a mix of both fillers. As a result, resistivity below 0.2 Ωm for the 0.2 mm-diameter fibers was achieved. Additionally, conductive fibers are highly elastic, which makes them suitable for use in the textile industry as an element of circuits. The effect of strain on the change in resistance was also tested. Researches have shown that highly conductive fibers can withstand strain of up to 40%, with resistivity increasing nearly five times compared to the unstretched fiber. This research shows that the developed composites can also be used as strain sensors in textronic systems. Finally, functional demonstrators were made by directly sewing the developed fibers into a cotton fabric. First, the non-quantitative tests indicate the feasibility of using the composites as conductive fibers to power components in textronic systems and for bending detection.

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7

Ruiz-Bustos, Rocío, Antonio López-Uceda, María López-Martínez, and Joost Van Duijn. "The Mechanical Performance of Recycled Slate Waste Fiber Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resins." Materials 16, no. 17 (September 2, 2023): 6041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16176041.

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In the last few decades, there has been increasing social awareness for environmental conservation, which is driving the development of composite materials based on natural fibers. These new materials have interesting properties that allow for their use in a variety of applications. This study deals with the development of composite materials based on unsaturated polyester resins reinforced with recycled mineral fibers, such as slate fibers obtained from slate production waste, which have similar properties to glass fiber. The mechanical properties of these composites have been determined by tensile and flexural/bending tests. The influence of various variables such as matrix composition (flexible polyester content) and the weight percentage of fiber added to mechanical properties were evaluated. The flexible/rigid polyester content varied from 0 to 40% and the fiber one from 0 to 30 wt%. Composites with ≥20 wt% of slate fiber reinforcement are shown to have tensile (35 MPa) and flexural (57 MPa) strengths that can compete with materials reinforced with artificial fibers.

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8

Li, Yi, Jun Chen, Xiao Han, Yinghui Li, Ziqiang Zhang, and Yanwen Ma. "Capillarity-Driven Self-Assembly of Silver Nanowires-Coated Fibers for Flexible and Stretchable Conductor." Nano 13, no. 12 (December 2018): 1850146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018501461.

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The rapid development of smart textiles requires the large-scale fabrication of conductive fibers. In this study, we develop a simple, scalable and low-cost capillary-driven self-assembly method to prepare conductive fibers with uniform morphology, high conductivity and good mechanical strength. Fiber-shaped flexible and stretchable conductors are obtained by coating highly conductive and flexible silver nanowires (Ag NWs) on the surfaces of yarn and PDMS fibers through evaporation-induced flow and capillary-driven self-assembly, which is proven by the in situ optical microscopic observation. The density of Ag NWs and linear resistance of the conductive fibers could be regulated by tuning the assembly cycles. A linear resistance of 1.4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]/cm could be achieved for the Ag NWs-coated nylon, which increases only 8% after 200 bending cycle, demonstrating high flexibility and mechanical stability. The flexible and stretchable conductive fibers have great potential for the application in wearable devices.

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9

Shen, Yanan, Chunyang Wang, Xiao Yang, Jian Li, Rui Lu, Ruiyi Li, Lixin Zhang, Haisheng Chen, Xinghua Zheng, and Ting Zhang. "New Progress on Fiber-Based Thermoelectric Materials: Performance, Device Structures and Applications." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 6306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216306.

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With the rapid development of wearable electronics, looking for flexible and wearable generators as their self-power systems has proved an extensive task. Fiber-based thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) are promising candidates for these self-powered systems that collect energy from the surrounding environment or human body to sustain wearable electronics. In this work, we overview performances and device structures of state-of-the-art fiber-based thermoelectric materials, including inorganic fibers (e.g., carbon fibers, oxide fibers, and semiconductor fibers), organic fibers, and hybrid fibers. Moreover, potential applications for related thermoelectric devices are discussed, and future developments in fiber-based thermoelectric materials are also briefly expected.

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10

Yang, Qiuyan, Zhen Xu, Bo Fang, Tieqi Huang, Shengying Cai, Hao Chen, Yingjun Liu, Karthikeyan Gopalsamy, Weiwei Gao, and Chao Gao. "MXene/graphene hybrid fibers for high performance flexible supercapacitors." J. Mater. Chem. A 5, no. 42 (2017): 22113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta07999k.

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11

Yang, Xuefei, Yihan Qiu, Mei Zhang, Liangjing Zhang, and Hongwei Li. "Facile Fabrication of Polyaniline/Graphene Composite Fibers as Electrodes for Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 8690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188690.

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Graphene fiber-based supercapacitors are known as the potential energy resources for wearable/flexible electronics. However, increasing their specific capacitance and energy density remains a significant challenge. This paper indicates a double layer capacitance of the graphene nanosheets accompanied by pseudocapacitive behavior of the polyaniline to prepare composite fibers with high capacitive response. The polyaniline/graphene composite fibers (PANI/GFs) were synthesized by the self-assembled strategy and chemical reduction by HI. The wrinkle architecture of graphene nanosheets and uniform dispersion of the polyaniline are beneficial to increase the internal electroactive sites and provide a stable structure for the composite fibers. The constructed fiber-shaped supercapacitors with solid-state electrolyte deliver an excellent areal specific capacitance of 370.2 mF cm−2 and an outstanding areal energy density of 12.9 μW h cm−2. The current work reveals the attractive potential of the as-synthesized composite fibers for constructing fiber-shaped supercapacitors with distinguished electrochemical performance, which can be applied in future flexible electronics.

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12

du Roure, Olivia, Anke Lindner, Ehssan N. Nazockdast, and Michael J. Shelley. "Dynamics of Flexible Fibers in Viscous Flows and Fluids." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 51, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 539–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045153.

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The dynamics and deformations of immersed flexible fibers are at the heart of important industrial and biological processes, induce peculiar mechanical and transport properties in the fluids that contain them, and are the basis for novel methods of flow control. Here we focus on the low–Reynolds number regime where advances in studying these fiber–fluid systems have been especially rapid. On the experimental side, this is due to new methods of fiber synthesis, microfluidic flow control, and microscope-based tracking measurement techniques. Likewise, there have been continuous improvements in the specialized mathematical modeling and numerical methods needed to capture the interactions of slender flexible fibers with flows, boundaries, and each other.

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13

Reid, Smith, Garcia-Torres, Watts, and Crean. "Solvent Treatment of Wet-Spun PEDOT: PSS Fibers for Fiber-Based Wearable pH Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194213.

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There is a growing desire for wearable sensors in health applications. Fibers are inherently flexible and as such can be used as the electrodes of flexible sensors. Fiber-based electrodes are an ideal format to allow incorporation into fabrics and clothing and for use in wearable devices. Electrically conducting fibers were produced from a dispersion of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Fibers were wet spun from two PEDOT: PSS sources, in three fiber diameters. The effect of three different chemical treatments on the fibers were investigated and compared. Short 5 min treatment times with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on 20 μm fibers produced from Clevios PH1000 were found to produce the best overall treatment. Up to a six-fold increase in electrical conductivity was achieved, reaching 800 S cm−1, with no loss of mechanical strength (150 MPa). With a pH-sensitive polyaniline coating, these fibers displayed a Nernstian response across a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0, which covers the physiologically critical pH range for skin. These results provide opportunities for future wearable, fiber-based sensors including real-time, on-body pH sensing to monitor skin disease.

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14

Zheng, Jie, Bin Sun, Xiao-Xiong Wang, Ze-Xing Cai, Xin Ning, Saad M. Alshehri, Tansir Ahamad, Xing-Tao Xu, Yusuke Yamauchi та Yun-Ze Long. "Magnetic-Electrospinning Synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticle–Embedded Flexible Nanofibrous Films for Electromagnetic Shielding". Polymers 12, № 3 (20 березня 2020): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030695.

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The exploration of a new family of flexible and high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials is of great significance to the next generation of intelligent electronic products. In this paper, we report a simple magnetic-electrospinning (MES) method for the preparation of a magnetic flexible film, γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle-embedded polymeric nanofibers. By introducing the extra magnetic field force on γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles within composite fibers, the critical voltage for spinning has been reduced, along with decreased fiber diameters. The MES fibers showed increased strength for the magnetic field alignment of the micro magnets, and the attraction between them assisted the increase in fiber strength. The MES fibers show modifications of the magnetic properties and electrical conductivity, thus leading to better electromagnetic shielding performance.

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15

Xie, Song, Yingde Wang, Yongpeng Lei, Bing Wang, Nan Wu, Yanzi Gou, and Dong Fang. "A simply prepared flexible SiBOC ultrafine fiber mat with enhanced high-temperature stability and chemical resistance." RSC Advances 5, no. 80 (2015): 64911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03100a.

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A simply prepared flexible SiBOC ultrafine fiber mat with high-temperature stability and chemical resistance. I: A typical SiBOC material composed of Si, B, O and C. II: A comparison of SiBOC fibers and SiOC fibers treated under different conditions.

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16

Cai, Xin, Chaoqun Zhang, Shengsen Zhang, Yueping Fang, and Dechun Zou. "Application of carbon fibers to flexible, miniaturized wire/fiber-shaped energy conversion and storage devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 6 (2017): 2444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07868k.

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17

Sibinski, Maciej, Malgorzata Jakubowska, and Marcin Sloma. "Flexible Temperature Sensors on Fibers." Sensors 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2010): 7934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100907934.

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18

Joung, C. G., N. Phan-Thien, and X. J. Fan. "Direct simulation of flexible fibers." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 99, no. 1 (April 2001): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(01)00113-6.

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19

Wu, Songmei. "Recent Progress in Flexible Graphene-Based Composite Fiber Electrodes for Supercapacitors." Crystals 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121484.

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Graphene has shown the world its fascinating properties, including high specific surface area, high conductivity, and extraordinary mechanical properties, which enable graphene to be a competent candidate for electrode materials. However, some challenges remain in the real applications of graphene-based electrodes, such as continuous preparation of graphene fibers with highly ordered graphene sheets as well as strong interlayer interactions. The combination of graphene with other materials or functional guests hence appears as a more promising pathway via post-treatment and in situ hybridism to produce composite fibers. This article firstly provides a full account of the classification of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes, including carbon allotropy, conductive polymer, metal oxide and other two-dimensional (2D) materials. The preparation methods of graphene-based composite fibers are then discussed in detail. The context further demonstrates the performance optimization of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes, involving microstructure design and surface modification, followed by the elaboration of the application of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes in supercapacitors. Finally, we present the remaining challenges that exist to date in order to provide meaningful guidelines in the development process and prospects of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes.

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20

Hongviboonvate, Natsirin, Siros Jitprapai, Thawatchai Mankongsrisuk, Tawatchai Taweemonkongsap, Varat Woranisarakul, and Chaiyong Nualyong. "Factors affecting the durability of flexible ureteroscopes: An academic center review." Insight Urology 41, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52786/a.13.

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Objective: To analyze the factors which affect the durability of the flexible ureteroscope and the causes of scope damage in a single academic center. Material and Method: Between March 2014 and August 2017, 479 flexible ureteroscopic procedures, using 6 flexible ureteroscopes (Olympus model URF-V), were systematically reviewed. Data including indication for procedures, auxiliary device usage, the characteristics of scope damage, and the number of times a scope was used before requiring major repair were gathered. Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used to evaluate the factors which caused the damage. Results: The major flexible ureteroscopic procedure performed was treatment of renal calculi (81%). The most common auxiliary device used was the Holmium laser (70%). The most common cause of damage requiring repair was working channel leakage (93%). The factor that affected the durability of flexible ureteroscopes was the size of laser fiber. Utilizing laser fiber 200 nm decreased scope damage significantly compared to various other sizes (p-value=0.002 and p-value<0.001). However, the usage of nitinol basket and ureteral access sheath did not affect the durability of flexible ureteroscopes. Conclusion: Large laser fibers are a risk factor for flexible ureteroscope damage. Utilizing small laser fibers during flexible ureteroscopy can decrease scope damage significantly.

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21

Di Giusto, Davide, and Cristian Marchioli. "Turbulence Modulation by Slender Fibers." Fluids 7, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7080255.

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In this paper, we numerically investigate the turbulence modulation produced by long flexible fibres in channel flow. The simulations are based on an Euler–Lagrangian approach, where fibres are modelled as chains of constrained, sub-Kolmogorov rods. A novel algorithm is deployed to make the resolution of dispersed systems of constraint equations, which represent the fibres, compatible with a state-of-the-art, Graphics Processing Units-accelerated flow-solver for direct numerical simulations in the two-way coupling regime on High Performance Computing architectures. Two-way coupling is accounted for using the Exact Regularized Point Particle method, which allows to calculate the disturbance generated by the fibers on the flow considering progressively refined grids, down to a quasi-viscous length-scale. The bending stiffness of the fibers is also modelled, while collisions are neglected. Results of fluid velocity statistics for friction Reynolds number of the flow Reτ=150 and fibers with Stokes number St = 0.01 (nearly tracers) and 10 (inertial) are presented, with special regard to turbulence modulation and its dependence on fiber inertia and volume fraction (equal to ϕ=2.12·10−5 and 2.12·10−4). The non-Newtonian stresses determined by the carried phase are also displayed, determined by long and slender fibers with fixed aspect ratio λtot=200, which extend up to the inertial range of the turbulent flow.

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22

Jiang, Degang, Jizhen Zhang, Chenwei Li, Wenrong Yang, and Jingquan Liu. "A simple and large-scale method to prepare flexible hollow graphene fibers for a high-performance all-solid fiber supercapacitor." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 20 (2017): 11792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02042b.

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23

Guo, Hui Fen, Ngan Yi Kitty Lam, Chenxiao Yang, and Li Li. "Simulating three-dimensional dynamics of flexible fibers in a ring spinning triangle: chitosan and cotton fibers." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 11 (August 4, 2016): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516654106.

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A three-dimensional particle-level simulation method is developed to simulate fiber dynamics in the ring spinning triangle. The fiber is modeled as a chain of beads connected through massless rods, and its flexibility is defined by the stretching, bending and twisting displacements. As the application of the proposed approach, the effects of the chitosan (CS)/cotton (CT) fiber initial position and length on fiber motion and yarn properties are discussed. The deflections of CS fibers along the roller axis are larger compared with those of CT fibers, which will lead to CS migrating outwards in CS/CT blended yarn. The short CS fibers (22 mm) will move toward the top roller surface and shift quickly out of the roller nip, and thus yarn strength is lower. The tailing end of the longest CS fiber (46 mm) will drift off the roller nip, which makes little or no contribution to the yarn strength. For 38 mm length CS fiber, it moves toward the bottom roller surface and is bound into the roller nip, and thus can produce the highest tenacity CS/CT blended yarns. The simulation results agree with the spinning experimental data reported by other researchers.

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Alshgari, Razan A., N. Hemalatha, Ajay Suryavanshi, D. V. S. S. S. V. Prasad, R. Subalakshmi, M. Abirami, M. J. R. Amudha, Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur, M. Ataul Islam, and David Christopher. "Investigation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Composites Using Filament Winding." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5000547.

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Composites that were made stronger with jute fiber and glass fiber were used to test the performance of filament wound abaca fiber composites. Tensile, bending, and dynamic mechanical analyses were used to figure out the mechanical properties of the composites. Fiber composites and glass-fiber composites were found to have higher density and mechanical properties than abaca fiber-based composites. This is because resin did not get into the cell cavity of the fiber’s inner tissue structure. The abaca fiber composites that worked the worst were those in which the fibers were pulled out while the fibers on the surface were torn. The fiber-reinforced epoxy circumferential composite interface junction in the twisting abaca fiber circumferential composite was found to be more flexible and have a higher glass transition temperature than any of the other composites (6000 MPa). We found that twisting abaca fiber-naval ordnance laboratory and twisting abaca fiber-prepared circumferential composite had the lowest frequency dependence and performance variability. To improve composite properties, both the outside and inside structures of twisting abaca fiber need to be fixed. There is also a rise in fiber-to-resin contact and a rise in fiber surface area. The diameter of the fibers also gets smaller.

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25

Qin, Jieyao, Mingxi Lu, Bin Li, Xiaorui Li, Guangming You, Linjian Tan, Yikui Zhai, Meilin Huang, and Yingzhu Wu. "A Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Bicomponent Fibers Based on Cross-Sectional In-Situ Observation." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040842.

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To accelerate the industrialization of bicomponent fibers, fiber-based flexible devices, and other technical fibers and to protect the property rights of inventors, it is necessary to develop fast, economical, and easy-to-test methods to provide some guidance for formulating relevant testing standards. A quantitative method based on cross-sectional in-situ observation and image processing was developed in this study. First, the cross-sections of the fibers were rapidly prepared by the non-embedding method. Then, transmission and reflection metallographic microscopes were used for in-situ observation and to capture the cross-section images of fibers. This in-situ observation allows for the rapid identification of the type and spatial distribution structure of the bicomponent fiber. Finally, the mass percentage content of each component was calculated rapidly by AI software according to its density, cross-section area, and total test samples of each component. By comparing the ultra-depth of field microscope, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and chemical dissolution method, the quantitative analysis was fast, accurate, economical, simple to operate, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. This method will be widely used in the intelligent qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of bicomponent fibers, fiber-based flexible devices, and blended textiles.

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Xue, P., Xiao Ming Tao, and Keun Hoo Park. "Electrically Conductive Fibers/Yarns with Sensing Behavior from PVA and Carbon Black." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.18.

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In this study, electrical conductive yarns were prepared by wet-spinning technique and a physically coating process. Carbon black (CB) was used to make the fiber gaining electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity and morphological characteristics of the developed conductive fibres were studied and compared. The results show that linear resistivity of the produced conductive yarns ranges from 1 to a few hundred kΩ per centimeter, mainly depending on processing technique and substrate fibers. It is also shown that the physically coating processes will not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the fibers and yarns. These conductive yarns are lightweight, durable, flexible, and cost competitive; and able to be crimped and subjected to textile processing without any difficulty.

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Morita, Alice K. M., and Marco A. P. Reali. "Fiber filter built with polypropylene fibers applied to water clarification." Water Supply 19, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 1036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.150.

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Abstract Flexible fiber filters are recently developed modular filtration units which have been applied to wastewater and water treatments, satisfactorily removing solids even when operated at high application rates. In this paper, polypropylene fibers, in lieu of the commonly used polyamide fibers, were tested for constructing filtration modules containing parallel fibers. The studied fibers were analyzed by means of scanning electronic microscopy and through solubility assays in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, aiming to evaluate the risks of using them as filtering media. Three polypropylene filters with different lengths (25, 60, and 100 cm) were constructed and fed with the same raw synthetic water. In-line coagulation was applied by addition of aluminum sulfate (22.5 mg·L−1) and filtration rates from 20 to 80 m·h−1 were evaluated. Filtrates with less than 0.5 NTU could be produced by both 60 and 100 cm filters, operating at 80 m·h−1. High filtration rates, as well as significant backwashing water and air flows, could be applied to flexible fiber filters made of polypropylene, which shows their promising applications.

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Michaelides, Elias, and Tirth R. Patel. "Effect of Bending of Carbon Dioxide Laser Fibers on Power Output." OTO Open 6, no. 3 (July 2022): 2473974X2211095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x221109569.

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Objective The power output from carbon dioxide (CO2) laser fibers has the potential to be diminished if there are any bends along its course, which may alter the effect the laser has on the target tissue. In this study, we assess how bending of CO2 laser flexible fiber assemblies affects the energy output measured at the end of the fiber. Study Design Laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Methods Eight separate flexible fibers were tested—4 were of a type commonly used in endoscopic airway procedures, and the other 4 were a type used in otologic surgery. Fibers were bent in various configurations, and the power output of a CO2 laser fired through the bent fiber was measured. The output through the bent fiber was normalized to the output with a straight fiber. Correlations between bend parameters and power outputs was tested using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results For the airway fibers, there was a weak trend toward increasing energy outputs with greater radius of curvature ( P = .714) and a negative correlation between the energy output and arc of rotation ( P = .043). For the otologic fibers, there was a trend toward increasing energy outputs with greater radius ( P = .084) and a strong negative correlation between the energy output and the arc of rotation ( P = .006). Conclusion CO2 laser energy output is reduced by bending of the laser fiber assembly. When using the CO2 laser fiber, surgeons should be aware of any bends in the fiber and are encouraged to take measures to minimize bending.

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Zhang, Liqiang, Kexin Zhu, Yicun Yao, Xiuying Tian, Hailong Xu, and Zhaogang Nie. "Research Progress in Tunable Fiber Lasers Based on Multimode Interference Filters." Micromachines 14, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14112026.

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Tunable fiber lasers have the advantages of good beam quality, high integration, and adjustable output wavelength, and they are widely used in fields such as optical fiber communication and optical fiber sensing. The fiber filter is one of the key components of tunable fiber lasers. Among the various filters currently used, multimode interference filters have the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation, flexible tuning methods, and convenient spectral range design. The structures of multimode interference filters based on multimode fibers, no-core fibers, multi-core fibers, tapered fibers, and other special fibers are introduced in this paper. The working principles and tuning methods are analyzed and the research progress of tunable fiber lasers based on these filters is summarized. Finally, the development trend of tunable fiber lasers based on multimode interference filters is discussed. The rapid development and applications of multimode interference filters can help improve the performance of continuous and pulse lasers as well as promote the practicality of tunable fiber lasers.

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Ping, Bingyi, Zihang Zhang, Qiushi Liu, Minghao Li, Qingxiu Yang, and Rui Guo. "Liquid Metal Fibers with a Knitted Structure for Wearable Electronics." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070715.

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Flexible conductive fibers have shown tremendous potential in diverse fields, including health monitoring, intelligent robotics, and human–machine interaction. Nevertheless, most conventional flexible conductive materials face challenges in meeting the high conductivity and stretchability requirements. In this study, we introduce a knitted structure of liquid metal conductive fibers. The knitted structure of liquid metal fiber significantly reduces the resistance variation under tension and exhibits favorable durability, as evidenced by the results of cyclic tensile testing, which indicate that their resistance only undergoes a slight increase (<3%) after 1300 cycles. Furthermore, we demonstrate the integration of these liquid metal fibers with various rigid electronic components, thereby facilitating the production of pliable LED arrays and intelligent garments for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The LED array underwent a 30 min machine wash, during which it consistently retained its normal functionality. These findings evince the devices’ robust stable circuit functionality and water resistance that remain unaffected by daily human activities. The liquid metal knitted fibers offer great promise for advancing the field of flexible conductive fibers. Their exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, combined with compatibility with existing electronic components, open new possibilities for applications in the physiological signal detection of carriers, human–machine interaction, and large-area electronic skin.

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Krylov, I. K., N. V. Korneeva, and V. V. Kudinov. "Influence of rigid and flexible matrices on ultimate strength and fracture mechanisms of polymer composite materials upon impact and static loading conditions." Perspektivnye Materialy 10 (2022): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-10-64-82.

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An universal method “Break upon Impact and Static” (RUS) has been developed for the experimental determination of the ultimate strength properties of polymer composite materials based on multifilament nanocrystalline ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, which differs in the method of fixing the sample in a testing machine.The method is carried out using a uniform BIS-sample with an intermediate matrix at the ends and equipment for its attachment to the platforms of testing machines. The sample is a round composite rod composed of the fibers and matrices under investigation, which is held in the tooling by an additional matrix that fixtures it under various loading rates. The RUS method was used to study the properties and mechanisms of destruction upon impact and in a static situation of anisotropic polymer and hybrid composite materials (PCM and HCM) based on flexible and rigid matrices reinforced with hybrid fibers of carbon, aramid, and UHMWPE-fibers activated by non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma. The breaking loads under low-velocity impact and static bending conditions, relative deformation, specific absorbed-in-fracture energy, work of adhesion, shear strength, and other properties are determined. It was found out that the plasticity of the matrix and the hybrid fiber composition affect the properties and fracture mode of PCM and HCM. For the destruction of HCM with a flexible matrix upon impact, a load twice as large as for composites with a rigid matrix is required. HCMs have the highest strength, in which at all stages of loading up to failure, joint deformation of the matrix and the reinforcing fiber occurs. The mechanism of deformation and destruction of anisotropic HCM upon impact is stepwise, while the nature of the deformation curve is zigzag. In statics, the deformation proceeds smoothly. By changing the ratio of carbon and UHMWPE-fibers during hybridization, it is possible to control the properties of HCM and improve its specific properties. The combination of carbon and UHMWPE-fibers in a hybrid fiber for reinforcing a flexible matrix makes it possible to create a material with a delayed fracture. It has been established that for HCM based on a flexible matrix reinforced with a hybrid fiber combining 20 % carbon and 80 % UHMWPE fiber, the fracture load increases by factor 2, the specific fracture work by 42 %, relative deformation by 68 %.

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Yermakov, Oleh, Matthias Zeisberger, Henrik Schneidewind, Jisoo Kim, Andrey Bogdanov, Yuri Kivshar, and Markus A. Schmidt. "Advanced fiber in-coupling through nanoprinted axially symmetric structures." Applied Physics Reviews 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 011401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127370.

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Here, we introduce and demonstrate nanoprinted all-dielectric nanostructures located on fiber end faces as a novel concept for the efficient coupling of light into optical fibers, especially at multiple incidence angles and across large angular intervals. Taking advantage of the unique properties of the nanoprinting technology, such as flexibly varying the width, height, and gap distance of each individual element, we realize different polymeric axial-symmetric structures, such as double-pitch gratings and aperiodic arrays, placed on the facet of commercial step-index fibers. Of particular note is the aperiodic geometry, enabling an unprecedentedly high average coupling efficiency across the entire angular range up to 80°, outperforming regular gratings and especially bare fibers by orders of magnitude. The excellent agreement between simulation and experiment clearly demonstrates the quality of the fabricated structures and the high accuracy of the nanoprinting process. Our approach enables realizing highly integrated and ready-to-use fiber devices, defining a new class of compact, flexible, and practically relevant all-fiber devices beyond the state-of-art. Applications can be found in a variety of cutting-edge fields that require highly efficient light collection over selected angular intervals, such as endoscopy or quantum technologies. Furthermore, fiber functionalization through nanoprinting represents a promising approach for interfacing highly complex functional photonic structures with optical fibers.

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Zuniga, Luis, Gabriel Gonzalez, Roberto Orrostieta Chavez, Jason C. Myers, Timothy P. Lodge та Mataz Alcoutlabi. "Centrifugally Spun α-Fe2O3/TiO2/Carbon Composite Fibers as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries". Applied Sciences 9, № 19 (26 вересня 2019): 4032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194032.

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We report results on the electrochemical performance of flexible and binder-free α-Fe2O3/TiO2/carbon composite fiber anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The composite fibers were produced via centrifugal spinning and subsequent thermal processing. The fibers were prepared from a precursor solution containing PVP/iron (III) acetylacetonate/titanium (IV) butoxide/ethanol/acetic acid followed by oxidation at 200 °C in air and then carbonization at 550 °C under flowing argon. The morphology and structure of the composite fibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These ternary composite fiber anodes showed an improved electrochemical performance compared to the pristine TiO2/C and α-Fe2O3/C composite fiber electrodes. The α-Fe2O3/TiO2/C composite fibers also showed a superior cycling performance with a specific capacity of 340 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, compared to 61 mAh g−1 and 121 mAh g−1 for TiO2/C and α-Fe2O3/C composite electrodes, respectively. The improved electrochemical performance and the simple processing of these metal oxide/carbon composite fibers make them promising candidates for the next generation and cost-effective flexible binder-free anodes for LIBs.

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Li, Changling, Chueh Liu, Wei Wang, Jeffrey Bell, Zafer Mutlu, Kazi Ahmed, Rachel Ye, Mihrimah Ozkan, and Cengiz S. Ozkan. "Towards flexible binderless anodes: silicon/carbon fabrics via double-nozzle electrospinning." Chemical Communications 52, no. 76 (2016): 11398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc04074h.

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35

Słowicka, Agnieszka M., Nan Xue, Paweł Sznajder, Janine K. Nunes, Howard A. Stone, and Maria L. Ekiel-Jeżewska. "Buckling of elastic fibers in a shear flow." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac43eb.

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Abstract Three-dimensional dynamics of flexible fibers in shear flow are studied numerically, with a qualitative comparison to experiments. Initially, the fibers are straight, with different orientations with respect to the flow. By changing the rotation speed of a shear rheometer, we change the ratio A of bending to shear forces. We observe fibers in the flow-vorticity plane, which gives insight into the motion out of the shear plane. The numerical simulations of moderately flexible fibers show that they rotate along effective Jeffery orbits, and therefore the fiber orientation rapidly becomes very close to the flow-vorticity plane, on average close to the flow direction, and the fiber remains in an almost straight configuration for a long time. This ‘ordering’ of fibers is temporary since they alternately bend and straighten while tumbling. We observe numerically and experimentally that if the fibers are initially in the compressional region of the shear flow, they can undergo compressional buckling, with a pronounced deformation of shape along their whole length during a short time, which is in contrast to the typical local bending that originates over a long time from the fiber ends. We identify differences between local and compressional bending and discuss their competition, which depends on the initial orientation of the fiber and the bending stiffness ratio A. There are two main finding. First, the compressional buckling is limited to a certain small range of the initial orientations, excluding those from the flow-vorticity plane. Second, since fibers straighten in the flow-vorticity plane while tumbling, the compressional buckling is transient—it does not appear for times longer than 1/4 of the Jeffery period. For larger times, bending of fibers is always driven by their ends.

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36

Li, Ziyuan, Wenjia Han, Peng Jia, Xia Li, Yifei Jiang, and Qijun Ding. "Co3O4 Nanoneedle Array Grown on Carbon Fiber Paper for Air Cathodes towards Flexible and Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123321.

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An economical and efficient method is developed for preparing flexible cathodes. In this work, a dense mesoporous Co3O4 layer was first hydrothermally grown in situ on the surface of chopped carbon fibers (CFs), and then carbon fiber paper (Co3O4/CP) was prepared by a wet papermaking process as a flexible zinc-air battery (ZAB). The high-performance air cathode utilizes the high specific surface area of a single chopped carbon fiber, which is conducive to the deposition and adhesion of the Co3O4 layer. Through the wet papermaking process, Co3O4/CP has ultra-thin, high mechanical stability and excellent electrical conductivity. In addition, the assembled ZAB exhibits relatively excellent electrochemical performance, with a continuous cycle of more than 180 times at a current density of 2 mA·cm−2. The zinc-air battery can maintain a close fit and work stably and efficiently even under high bending conditions. This process of combining single carbon fibers to prepare ultra-thin, high-density, high-conductivity carbon fiber paper through a papermaking process has huge application potential in the field of flexible wearables.

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Kang, Jin Gu, Gang Wang, and Sung-Kon Kim. "Joule Heating-Induced Carbon Fibers for Flexible Fiber Supercapacitor Electrodes." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225255.

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Microscale fiber-based supercapacitors have become increasingly important for the needs of flexible, wearable, and lightweight portable electronics. Fiber electrodes without pre-existing cores enable a wider selection of materials and geometries than is possible through core-containing electrodes. The carbonization of fibrous precursors using an electrically driven route, different from a conventional high-temperature process, is particularly promising for achieving this structure. Here, we present a facile and low-cost process for producing high-performance microfiber supercapacitor electrodes based on carbonaceous materials without cores. Fibrous carbon nanotubes-agarose composite hydrogels, formed by an extrusion process, are converted to a composite fiber consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) surrounded by an amorphous carbon (aC) matrix via Joule heating. When assembled into symmetrical two-electrode cells, the composite fiber (aC-CNTs) supercapacitor electrodes deliver a volumetric capacitance of 5.1 F cm−3 even at a high current density of 118 mA cm−3. Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, it is revealed that high electrochemical properties are attributed to fast response kinetics with a characteristic time constant of 2.5 s. The aC-CNTs fiber electrodes exhibit a 94% capacitance retention at 14 mA cm−3 for at least 10,000 charge-discharge cycles even when deformed (90° bend), which is essentially the same as that (96%) when not deformed. The aC-CNTs fiber electrodes also demonstrate excellent storage performance under mechanical deformation—for example, 1000 bending-straightening cycles.

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38

Liu, Zhengyong, Zhi Zhang, Hwa-Yaw Tam, and Xiaoming Tao. "Multifunctional Smart Optical Fibers: Materials, Fabrication, and Sensing Applications." Photonics 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6020048.

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This paper presents a review of the development of optical fibers made of multiple materials, particularly including silica glass, soft glass, polymers, hydrogels, biomaterials, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and Polyperfluoro-Butenylvinyleth (CYTOP). The properties of the materials are discussed according to their various applications. Typical fabrication techniques for specialty optical fibers based on these materials are introduced, which are mainly focused on extrusion, drilling, and stacking methods depending on the materials’ thermal properties. Microstructures render multiple functions of optical fibers and bring more flexibility in fiber design and device fabrication. In particular, micro-structured optical fibers made from different types of materials are reviewed. The sensing capability of optical fibers enables smart monitoring. Widely used techniques to develop fiber sensors, i.e., fiber Bragg grating and interferometry, are discussed in terms of sensing principles and fabrication methods. Lastly, sensing applications in oil/gas, optofluidics, and particularly healthcare monitoring using specialty optical fibers are demonstrated. In comparison with conventional silica-glass single-mode fiber, state-of-the-art specialty optical fibers provide promising prospects in sensing applications due to flexible choices in materials and microstructures.

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39

Sikorski, M. E., C. P. Buckley, J. W. S. Hearle, and S. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Flexible thermomechanical analysis of polymeric fibers." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 7 (July 1993): 1947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143981.

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40

Sethmann, I. "Creating Flexible Calcite Fibers with Proteins." Science 339, no. 6125 (March 14, 2013): 1281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1235357.

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41

Niskanen, K. J., and M. J. Alava. "Planar Random Networks with Flexible Fibers." Physical Review Letters 73, no. 25 (December 19, 1994): 3475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.73.3475.

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Li, Gaolin, Zhenhua Jiang, Weilin Wang, Zengyong Chu, Ye Zhang, and Chunhua Wang. "Electrospun PAN/MAPbI3 Composite Fibers for Flexible and Broadband Photodetectors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010050.

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Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) has been emerging as an easy processing and benign defect material for optoelectronic devices. Fiber-like perovskite materials are especially in demand for flexible applications. Here we report on a kind of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/MAPbI3 composite fiber, which was electrospun from the mixing solution of PAN and MAPbI3. The absorption edge and optical gap of the PAN/MAPbI3 composite fibers can be easily tuned as the ratio of the perovskite changes. Both the moisture stability and the thermal stability of the perovskite are improved with the protection of PAN polymers. Flexible photodetectors based on this perovskite fiber were fabricated and analyzed. The photoresponse of the detector was highly sensitive to broadband visible light, and reached 6.5 μA W−1 at 700 nm with a voltage bias of 10 V. Compared with pure MAPbI3 photodetectors, this composite fiber photodetector has much-improved stability and flexibility, which can even be used to detect motion-related angular changes.

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Itoh, Toshihiro. "Continuous Process for Large-Area Flexible MEMS." Advances in Science and Technology 81 (September 2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.81.9.

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A novel fabrication process for large area flexible MEMS, having been developed in BEANS project, Japan, is introduced. The process consists of continuously high-speed coating for functional film materials, 3-D nano/micro-machining of the films on fibers, and weaving the functional fibers into large-area integration. In the coating process, functional materials, e.g., organic semiconductor, piezoelectric, conductor and insulator films could be formed on fibers with a speed of 20 m/min. In the 3-D nano/micro-machining, a compound reel-to-reel process system including both thermal roller imprint and photolithography functions was developed. In addition, the microfabrication of the 3-D exposure module and the spray deposition of thin resist films on the fibers were demonstrated. For the weaving assembly, a round-projection microspring contact structure was developed for the electrical contact between weft and warp fibers in a large area of woven textile. Evaluation of the durability showed that the microspring contact structures made of silicon elastomer and PEDOT:PSS are applicable to a movable contact. Weaving assembly process was verified by prototyping 1 × 1 m² or larger flexible touch sensor sheets using functional fibers with organic insulating/conductive films.

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Lin, Yung Jen, and Shin Yi Shen. "Fabrication of Alumina and Silicon Carbide Fibers from Carbon Fibers." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.603.

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Carbon fibers of ~9 μ m in diameter were used as templates to fabricate alumina and silicon carbide fibers. The carbon fibers were placed in a vacuum furnace with aluminum and heated at 1100°C for 8 h to form aluminum carbide. Then, the aluminum carbide fibers were oxidized in air at 1500°C. The resulted fibers were hollow and the alumina layer was porous in the interior. To fabricate silicon carbide fiber, carbon fibers were reacted with Si at 1300°C -1500°C in Ar. The thickness of silicon carbide layers increased with reaction temperature and reaction time. Solid fibers could be obtained after reaction at 1400°C for 4 h. In contrast to porous alumina layer, the silicon carbide layer/fibers were dense. The porous alumina hollow fibers were fragile while the solid silicon carbide fibers were flexible. BET surface area measurements revealed that the porous alumina had surface area as high as ~100 m2/g.

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45

Wu, Yu, Sihao Zhou, Jie Yi, Dongsheng Wang, and Wen Wu. "Facile fabrication of flexible alginate/polyaniline/graphene hydrogel fibers for strain sensor." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502211146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221114641.

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Continuous production of conductive hydrogel fibers has received extensive interests due to their wide application in strain sensors. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of continuous alginate/polyaniline/graphene hydrogel fibers by the in situ polymerization and wet spinning methods. The obtained hydrogel fiber with good flexibility, high water absorbability (11.37 g/g), proper resistivity (220 Ω·m ) and stable resistance changes at both low strain (10%) and high strain (20% and 50%) could be used as a working strain sensor for a wearable human movements monitor. The conductive alginate/polyaniline/graphene hydrogel fiber shows highly sensitive, flexible, and recoverable (90% retention after five cycles) properties when monitoring palm, elbow, and knee movements. This kind of hydrogel with high elasticity and high sensitivity provides a possibility for the preparation of electromechanical sensors.

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Shahid, Md Abdus, Md Solaiman Miah, and Md Abdur Razzaq. "Fabrication of ecofriendly jute fiber reinforced flexible planar composite as a potential alternative of leather." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502211440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221144015.

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Natural fiber reinforced composites are a lightweight, affordable, and environmentally friendly replacement for many problematic applications. These natural fibers could be constructed into flexible planar materials with the aid of composite phenomena that can be used for a variety of applications where flexibility is important like as artificial leather. In this work, nonwoven matt made from spinning wastes of jute fiber was used to reinforce the biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The percentage of fibers within the PVA matrix was adjusted to develop the flexible planar composites. The nonwoven matt was immerged into the PVA solution casting mold with the aid of the solution evaporation approach. The flexible planar composite was then obtained through heat-induced pressing. Tensile strength, tearing strength, bending modulus, flexing endurance, abrasion resistance, and moisture management profiles of the developed flexible planar composite were assessed. Additionally, studies were performed for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The tensile strength has been found 7.78 N/mm2 with 9.84% elongation for a 1.2 mm thick flexible composite. The flexing endurance has been supported by no visible crack formation against 50,000 flexing cycles. The moisture management profile has been ensured by the hydrophobic surface of the composite. Developed flexible planar composite has been shown to have consistent mechanical performance for use as artificial leather, which could be appealing for the fabrication of leather-alternative bags, belts, and wallets.

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47

Li, Li, Chen Chen, Jing Xie, Zehuai Shao, and Fuxin Yang. "The Preparation of Carbon Nanotube/MnO2Composite Fiber and Its Application to Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/821071.

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In recent years, flexible electronic devices pursued for potential applications. The design and the fabrication of a novel flexible nanoarchitecture by coating electrical conductive MWCNT fiber with ultrathin films of MnO2to achieve high specific capacitance, for micro-supercapacitors electrode applications, are demonstrated here. The MWCNT/MnO2composite fiber electrode was prepared by the electrochemical deposition which was carried out through using two different methods: cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic methods. The cyclic voltammetry method can get “crumpled paper ball” morphology MnO2which has bigger specific capacitances than that achieved by potentiostatic method. The flexible micro-supercapacitor was fabricated by twisting two aligned MWCNT fibers and showed an area specific capacitance of 2.43 mF/cm2. The flexible micro-supercapacitors also enable promising applications in various fields.

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Alonso Romero, Alberto, Koffi Novignon Amouzou, Dipankar Sengupta, Camila Aparecida Zimmermann, Andréane Richard-Denis, Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, Yvan Petit, Jean-Marc Lina, and Bora Ung. "Optoelectronic Pressure Sensor Based on the Bending Loss of Plastic Optical Fibers Embedded in Stretchable Polydimethylsiloxane." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 3322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063322.

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We report the design and testing of a sensor pad based on optical and flexible materials for the development of pressure monitoring devices. This project aims to create a flexible and low-cost pressure sensor based on a two-dimensional grid of plastic optical fibers embedded in a pad of flexible and stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The opposite ends of each fiber are connected to an LED and a photodiode, respectively, to excite and measure light intensity changes due to the local bending of the pressure points on the PDMS pad. Tests were performed in order to study the sensitivity and repeatability of the designed flexible pressure sensor.

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49

Zhang, Zheye, Fei Xiao, Jian Xiao, and Shuai Wang. "Functionalized carbonaceous fibers for high performance flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 11817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01990g.

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Two types of functionalized carbonaceous fibers,i.e., carbon fiber@reduced graphene oxide@manganese dioxide (CF@RGO@MnO₂) and CF@thick RGO (CF@TRGO), were successfully prepared for high performance flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors.

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Kertmen, Nuriye. "New Trends in Fibers Used in Denim Fabric Production." Tekstil ve Mühendis 28, no. 121 (March 31, 2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812106.

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There is a tendency to use different fibers from cotton to improve the physical properties of conventional denim fabrics, add functional properties, and follow trends and fashion. Warp and weft yarns can be produced with 100% cotton or composed of different fibers optionally for denim fabric. In this study, a piece of detailed information was given about the fibers used for denim fabrics in recent years, and the effects of the fibers were evaluated. In the results of the review, the nature of the fiber and antibacterial property is the most prominent feature nowadays for cellulosic fibers. It is quite advantageous antibacterial fibers also have additional functional properties without further processing. Wool and silk are widely used in conventional textile. They are especially preferred when thermal comfort is required in denim fabric production. Synthetic fibers are indispensable for denim especially when high performance is needed. Also, it is important for the wearer to feel comfortable, so new generations of synthetic fibers that provide high comfort are widely used. Elastane is a characteristic fiber of denim fabric and always a new type of elastane fiber is produced. Besides elastane used in flexible denim fabrics, elastomultiester fibers are popular now. These fibers do not contain elastane but they provide excellent elasticity and recovery for the fabric.

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