Статті в журналах: "FLAT PLATE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM"

1

Firmansyah, Tomi. "REDESIGN BUILDING STRUCTURE RSGM UGM PROF. SOEDOMO USING FLAT SLAB METHOD WITH DROP PANELS." Inersia: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 12, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.12.2.98-103.

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Flat slab is reinforced concrete plate construction without beam. Without using beam, the obtainable profit is to minimize concrete volume, height/floor, and structural load. Other profits are simpler and economic reinforcement, scaffolding, and formwork. In this study, structural redesign of RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta building was made by using flat slab method. The objective of this study was to find structural dimension of floor and roof plates as well as reinforcement of the RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Building using structural system of flat slab, dimension of structural column and drop panel as well as reinforcement of the RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Building using structural system of flat slab. This method was to redesign using flat slab method complying with the standard of SNI 2847-2013 and software ETABS 2017. The results of analysis and calculation of structural dimension using flat slab method showed floor plate thickness of 170 mm; roof plate thickness, 120 mm; drop panel thickness, 270 mm with drop panel width of 2000 mm in direction x and 1500 mm in direction y, as well as use of column dimension of 500 mm x 500 mm. The analysis using software ETABS 2016 showed building structure in period (T) of 1.07 seconds.Keywords: RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Building, Drop Panel, Flat slab.

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2

Patil, Virendra P., and Vik ram. "Analytical Study on Effective Width of Equivalent Frame Flat Plate Structural System Subjected to Seismic Loads." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8157.

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3

Pavlikov, Andrii, Serhii Mykytenko, and Anton Hasenko. "Effective Structural System for the Affordable Housing Construction." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14422.

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This article falls within vital question in quickly builds construction – theoretical method for calculating the slabs and columns of such buildings. Calculation research of buildings with reinforced concrete frame slabs is described in the article. The features of work the collapsible flat plate ceiling in composition of reinforced concrete framework of building are analyzed. Problems in the design of framework building are considered in order to increase its reliability. The suggestions for directions of perfection the calculation of flat plate frame construction elements are proposed in the article. The novelty of this work is to get new theoretical data about bearing capacity and deformability of structural system for the affordable housing construction from reinforced concrete.

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4

Magerramov, Vagif Ali, and Mehman Huseyn Hasanov. "DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF ELASTIC PLATE OPTICAL SWITCH DRIVES." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 3 (2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-20-23.

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The methods and means of improving the efficiency and the parameters of the dynamic parameters of the elastic plate of the optical commutator drive using advanced information and telecommunication technologies are analyzed. The bandwidth of optical communication networks based on systems with flat spring-loaded optical drive switch rods is investigated. On the basis of the study, the dynamic parameters of the elastic plate of the optical commutator drive are proposed a structural-functional scheme of a system with flat spring-loaded plates and linear algebraic equations for the dynamics of an elastic plate with the aid of which the equation for small oscillations of a rod near a rectilinear position is compiled. The equations of dynamics of systems with flat spring-loaded optical drive switch rods are considered and determined. On the basis of the system-technical analysis, a general integral of the spring deflection equation is determined. With the help of the solution, the equation for the dynamics of an elastic plate obtained a mathematical expression of the displacement of the upper end of the rod vertically of the spring-loaded drive system of the optical commutator.

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5

Huang, Ling. "Study on the Structural Floor Design of High-Rise Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1017.

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There is a high-rise building whose main structure is framework - core tube. In order to meet the requirements for architectural features, the distance between the outer frame and the exterior wall of core tube is relatively small, therefore the floor structure program adopts a thick plate and wide flat beam floor system, and part floors of the upper structure adopt a thick plate and dark beam system. As wide flat beams (dark beams) have a small height and cannot form effective support for the floor, special analysis has been made on floors from the security point of view without considering the role of wide flat beams (dark beams). The floor system of this high-rise building has been analyzed and discussed with regard to bearing capacity, deformation, comfort and other aspects.

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6

SUZUKI, Koichi, Tomohiro YOSHIDA, Akio TOMITA, and Yukitada OGIHARA. "PRODUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF STEEL/PRECAST CONCRETE HYBRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM USING FLAT-STEEL-PLATE-CONNECTIONS." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 5, no. 7 (1999): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.5.157.

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7

Kang, Thomas H. K., John W. Wallace, and Kenneth J. Elwood. "Nonlinear Modeling of Flat-Plate Systems." Journal of Structural Engineering 135, no. 2 (February 2009): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2009)135:2(147).

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8

Kim, Dong-Jin, Hyun-Oh Shin, and Chi-Hyung Ahn. "Concrete Curing System Using Flat-Plate Induction Heating Coil." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 25, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2022.25.10.686.

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9

Mohamed, Osama Ahmed, Manish Kewalramani, and Rania Khattab. "Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates for Strengthening of RC Slabs against Punching Shear: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030685.

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Reinforced concrete flat slabs or flat plates continue to be among the most popular floor systems due to speed of construction and inherent flexibility it offers in relation to locations of partitions. However, flat slab/plate floor systems that are deficient in two-way shear strength are susceptible to brittle failure at a slab–column junction that may propagate and lead to progressive collapse of a larger segment of the structural system. Deficiency in two-way shear strength may be due to design/construction errors, material under-strength, or overload. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite laminates in the form of sheets and/or strips are used in structurally deficient flat slab systems to enhance the two-way shear capacity, flexural strength, stiffness, and ductility. Glass FRP (GFRP) has been used successfully but carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets/strips/laminates are more commonly used as a practical alternative to other expensive and/or challenging methods such column enlargement. This article reviews the literature on the methodology and effectiveness of utilizing FRP sheets/strips and laminates at the column/slab intersection to enhance punching shear strength of flat slabs.

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10

Onoue, Kyohei, and Kenneth S. Breuer. "Vortex formation and shedding from a cyber-physical pitching plate." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 14, 2016): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.134.

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We report on the dynamics of the formation and growth of the leading-edge vortex and the corresponding unsteady aerodynamic torque induced by large-scale flow-induced oscillations of an elastically mounted flat plate. All experiments are performed using a high-bandwidth cyber-physical system, which enables the user to access a wide range of structural dynamics using a feedback control system. A series of two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements are carried out to characterize the behaviour of the separated flow structures and its relation to the plate kinematics and unsteady aerodynamic torque generation. By modulating the structural properties of the cyber-physical system, we systematically analyse the formation, strength and separation of the leading-edge vortex, and the dependence on kinematic parameters. We demonstrate that the leading-edge vortex growth and strength scale with the characteristic feeding shear-layer velocity and that a potential flow model using the measured vortex circulation and position can, when coupled with the steady moment of the flat plate, accurately predict the net aerodynamic torque on the plate. Connections to previous results on optimal vortex formation time are also discussed.

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11

Villeneuve, Eric, Sebastian Ghinet, and Christophe Volat. "Experimental Study of a Piezoelectric De-Icing System Implemented to Rotorcraft Blades." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 9869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219869.

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A four-year project investigating the use of piezoelectric actuators as a vibration-based low power de-icing system has been initiated at the Anti-Icing Materials Laboratory. The work done preceding this investigation consisted of studying, numerically and experimentally, the system integration to a flat plate structure, the optimal excitation of the system, the resonant structural modes and the shear stress amplitudes to achieve de-icing for that structure. In this new investigation, the concepts and conclusions obtained on the flat plate structure were used to design and integrate the system into a rotating blade structure. An experimental setup was built for de-icing tests in rotation within an icing wind tunnel, and a finite-element numerical model adapted to the new geometry of the blade was developed based on the expertise accumulated using previous flat plate structure analysis. Complete de-icing of the structure was obtained in the wind tunnel using the developed de-icing system, and its power consumption was estimated. The power consumption was observed to be lower than the currently used electrothermal systems. The finite-elements numerical model was therefore used to study the case of a full-scale tail rotor blade and showed that the power reduction of the system could be significantly higher for a longer blade, confirming, therefore, the relevance of further de-icing investigations on a full-scale tail rotor.

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12

Liu, Jinrong, Ying Tian, and Sarah L. Orton. "Resistance of Flat-Plate Buildings against Progressive Collapse. II: System Response." Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 12 (December 2015): 04015054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001295.

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13

Ghodratian-Kashan, Seyyed M., and Shervin Maleki. "Cyclic Performance of Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls with Beam-Only-Connected Infill Plates." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 21, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5542613.

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Lately, Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls (CSPSWs) have gained significance and reputation for being effective lateral force-resisting systems. Corrugated plates are characterized by greater out-of-plane stiffness and buckling stability than flat plates, ensuring their enhanced hysteretic behavior. In ordinary Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs), infill plates are fixed to beams and columns. But, detaching the infill plate from columns and connecting it to the beams only is assumed here as a method for reducing column demands. The current study explores the cyclic performance of CSPSWs with beam-only-connected infill plates. The design of a one-story single-bay specimen was done and its finite element model was developed. Parametric studies have targeted CSPSWs with different geometric variables, including orientation, thickness, and aspect ratio of the infill plate. Noteworthy responses were ultimate strength, initial stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and force-deformation relationship. The obtained results indicated that selecting the right geometrical parameters could yield a desirable cyclic performance. Finally, an analytical method was proposed for calculating the ultimate shear strength of beam-only-connected CSPSWs.

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14

Yang, Chun Hui, Zhong Qing Su, Lin Ye, Ye Lu, and Michael Bannister. "Propagation Characteristics of Lamb Waves in Stringer-Stiffened Panels." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.637.

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Stringer-stiffened plate-like structure is a typical engineering structure and its structural integrity is critical. A guided Lamb wave-based damage identification scheme and an online structural health monitoring (SHM) system with an integrated PZT-sensor network were developed. In the previous studies, the specimens were relatively simple. In this paper, the abovementioned method was extended to the stiffened plate-like structure—a flat plate reinforced by stringer. FE dynamic simulation was applied to investigate the Lamb wave propagation characteristics due to the existence of stringer with the consideration of its material and geometric configurations.

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15

Bocko, Jozef, Peter Sivák, Ingrid Delyová, and Štefánia Šelestáková. "Modal Analysis of Circular Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.245.

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In engineering practice, some of the structural elements take the form of a thin planar plate. For such elements, it is sometimes important to consider dangerous condition of resonance. A structural element cannot operate in the range of resonant frequencies. It is therefore necessary to determine natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration of such structural elements. Parts of the paper are the results of the analysis of natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration using FEM program Cosmos. The subject of the analysis was a thin flat circular plate considered in three modifications, i.e. free thin circular plate without hole, a thin circular plate without hole, clamped on the outer periphery, a thin circular plate with a hole, clamped on the outer and inner circumference. At the same time, Chladni patterns were obtained. They were created using the Matlab system and extraction of the outputs of the Cosmos program.

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16

Wadee, M. Khurram, David J. B. Lloyd, and Andrew P. Bassom. "On the interaction of uni-directional and bi-directional buckling of a plate supported by an elastic foundation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2188 (April 2016): 20150873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0873.

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A thin flat rectangular plate supported on its edges and subjected to in-plane loading exhibits stable post-buckling behaviour. However, the introduction of a nonlinear (softening) elastic foundation may cause the response to become unstable. Here, the post-buckling of such a structure is investigated and several important phenomena are identified, including the transition of patterns from stripes to spots and back again. The interaction between these forms is of importance for understanding the possible post-buckling behaviours of this structural system. In addition, both periodic and some localized responses are found to exist as the dimensions of the plate are increased and this becomes relevant when the characteristic wavelengths of the buckle pattern are small compared with the size of the plate. Potential applications of the model range from macroscopic industrial manufacturing of structural elements to the understanding of micro- and nanoscale deformations in materials.

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17

Celik, Ozan Cem, Haluk Sucuoğlu, and Ugurhan Akyuz. "Forced Vibration Testing and Finite Element Modeling of a Nine-Story Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate-Wall Building." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 2 (May 2015): 1069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091212eqs287m.

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Tunnel form buildings, owing to their higher construction speed and quality, lower cost, and superior earthquake resistance over that of conventional reinforced concrete buildings, have been widely used for mass housing, urban renewal, and post-earthquake reconstruction projects all over the world as well as in Turkey. However, there have been few dynamic tests performed on existing buildings with this structural system. This study investigates the dynamic structural properties of a typical nine-story reinforced concrete flat plate-wall building by forced vibration testing and develops its three-dimensional (3-D) linear elastic finite element structural model. The finite element model that uses the modulus of elasticity for concrete in ACI 318 predicts the natural vibration periods well. Mode shapes are also in good agreement with the test results. Door and window openings in the shear walls, and the basement with peripheral wall emerge as modeling considerations that have the most significant impact on structural system dynamic properties.

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18

K V, Smrithi, and Jisha P. "Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building with Different Types of Slabs." Journal of Structural Technology 8, no. 2 (May 3, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jost.2023.v08i02.001.

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Earthquake plays an influential role in the analysis and design of structures. Unless the structures are designed and constructed to withstand seismic forces, failure cannot be avoided. Buildings can be made seismically sound with proper structure design, detailing and construction practice. The configuration of a building is very much important for the seismic performance of buildings. The important aspects that affect the seismic configuration of a building are overall geometry and structural system. This parameter varies in their behaviour in the flat slab, waffle slab and conventional slab. Therefore introducing different types of slabs becomes very crucial for a structural engineer when it comes to better performance of RC structure. The objective of this paper is to study the seismic behaviour of multi-storeyed buildings with different types of slab systems. The study is done by considering the varying number of stories i.e. low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise buildings. The study aims to find an effective slab system for both regular and irregular structures. The different types of slabs considered are flat plate system, flat slab with drop system and waffle slab system which is compared with the conventional slab system. Seismic assessment using response spectrum analysis is done. For low-rise to high-rise buildings, the seismic behaviour of the waffle slab is more effective.

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19

Marwa, Hassan, Yvan Beliveau, and Somayeh Asadi. "Experimental Evaluation of a Newly Developed Flat Plate Integrated Solar Collector System." Journal of Energy Engineering 139, no. 1 (March 2013): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000093.

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20

Andrade, Luis, Robin S. Langley, Tore Butlin, Matthew de Brett, and Ole M. Nielsen. "Experimental validation of variance estimation in the statistical energy analysis of a structural-acoustic system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 18 (April 13, 2019): 6448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219843571.

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The Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) approach has largely been used in vibro-acoustic modelling to predict the averaged energy in coupled vibrating structures and acoustic cavities. The average is performed over an ensemble of nominally identical built-up systems where random responses are observed at high frequencies after excitation. Over the years, this approach has been extended to predict the energy variance employing the statistics of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, and numerical and experimental evidence has supported the predictions of the mean and variance of energy of coupled vibrating structures. However, little experimental evidence is found to validate the prediction of the variance of energy in coupled structural-acoustic systems. In this work, the mean and variance of energies predicted from a statistical energy analysis model have been validated with experimental measurements on a structural-acoustic system, comprised by a flat thin plate coupled to an enclosed acoustic volume. The structural system has been randomised by adding small masses on arbitrary positions on the plate, whereas the randomisation of the acoustic cavity is achieved by allocating rigid baffles in random positions within the acoustic volume. In general, good agreement is found between the predictions of the model and the experimental results.

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21

Setiawan, Agus. "persamaan empiris waktu getar alami struktur pelat datar beton bertulang berdasarkan hasil analisis vibrasi 3 dimensi." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 13, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v13i2.2555.

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persamaan empiris waktu getar alami struktur pelat datar beton bertulang berdasarkan hasil analisis vibrasi 3 dimensiEmpirical Formula for Fundamental Period of Flate Plate Reinforced Concrete Structure Based on 3 Dimentional Vibration AnalysisAgus SetiawanJurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik,Universitas Pembangunan Jaya Alamat Korespondensi : BJl. Cendrawasi, Ciputat, Sawah Baru, Tangerangan Selatan, Banten 15413Email : agustinus@upj.ac.idAbstractOne of the parameters required in the calculation of seismic base shear on a structure is the fundamental period of the structure. The fundamental period of structure can be obtained through three-dimensional dynamic analysis of the structure. Indonesian Standard Code for Earthquake Resistance Building, SNI 1726-2012, given some empirical equations to calculate the fundamental period ofsome structural system. Some of the given equation can be used for concrete and steel frame structure. However, for the flat plate reinforced concrete structure, sometimes the fundamental period approached as “other structural systems”, which of course can not be shown for accuracy. This study was conducted to obtain an empirical equation that can be used to calculate the fundamental periodof a flat plate structure. The flat plate reinforced concrete structure model being analyzed is vary in total floor number, which varies from 1 to 10 floors, and the width of the building from 20 to 28 meters. From the analysis results obtained relationship between fundamental period, building width and building height in the form Ta = 0,0022(B)’”hn1,15, for the un-cracked section. And Ta = 0,0025(B)’”hn1,28, for the condition of cracked cross-section, with Tn is fundamental period, B is the width of the building plan, and hn is the height of the building.Keywords : Time Period, Flat Plate, Reinforced ConcreteAbstrakSalah satu parameter yang diperlukan dalam perhitungan gaya geser dasar seismik pada suatu struktur adalah besarnya waktu getar alami dari struktur tersebut. Nilai waktu getar alami struktur dapat diperoleh melalui hasil analisis dinamik 3 dimensi dari struktur tersebut. Namun dalam Standar Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa SNI 1726-2012, juga diberikan beberapa persamaan empiris untuk menghitung waktu getar alami struktur. Beberapa persamaan yang diberikan dapat digunakan untuk sistem struktur rangka beton dan baja. Namun untuk sistem struktur berupa pelat datar (flat plate) beton bertulang, terkadang nilai waktu getarnya didekati sebagai “sistem struktur lainnya”, yang tentu saja tidak dapat ditunjukkan keakuratannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan persamaan empiris yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung waktu getar alami suatu struktur pelat datar. Model yang dianalisis berupa struktur pelat datar beton bertulang, dengan jumlah lantai bervariasi dari 1 hingga 10 lantai, serta lebar bangunan dari 20 hingga 28 meter. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh hubungan waktu getar alami dengan lebar bangunan dan tinggi bangunan dalam bentuk Ta = 0,0022(B)’”hn1,15, untuk kondisi penampang utuh. Serta Ta = 0,0025(B)’”hn1,28, untuk kondisi penampang retak, dengan Tn adalah waktu getar alami, B adalah lebar denah bangunan, serta hn adalah tinggi bangunan.Kata kunci : Waktu Getar Alami, Pelat Datar, Beton Bertulang

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22

Tan, Zhilun, Qiuhong Zhao, Yu Zhao, and Cheng Yu. "Probabilistic Seismic Assessment of CoSPSW Structures Using Fragility Functions." Metals 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12061045.

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The corrugated steel plate shear wall (CoSPSW) is a new type of steel plate shear wall, in which corrugated wall plates instead of flat wall plates are adopted. The lateral stiffness and shear buckling capacity of the shear wall system could be significantly enhanced, and then, wall plate buckling under gravity loads would be mitigated. This paper presents a study on the probabilistic assessment of the seismic performance and vulnerability of CoSPSWs using fragility functions. The damage states and corresponding repair states of CoSPSWs were first established from experimental data. Then, incremental dynamic analyses were conducted on the CoSPSW structures. The structural and nonstructural fragility functions were developed, based on which the seismic performance and vulnerability of the CoSPSWs were obtained and compared with the conventional steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). It was shown that for various repair states, the 25th percentile PGA of the CoSPSW was always higher than the SPSWs with the same wall thickness and boundary frame, which indicated that the CoSPSW has a lower damage potential and better seismic performance than the SPSW.

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23

Paik, Inkwan, and Seunguk Na. "Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions amongst Alternative Slab Systems during the Construction Phase in a Building Project." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204333.

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Global warming is now considered to be one of the greatest challenges worldwide. International environmental agreements have been developed in response to climate change since the 1970s. The construction industry is considered one of the main contributors to global warming. In order to mitigate global warming effects, the construction industry has been exploring various approaches to mitigate the impacts of carbon dioxide emissions over the entire life cycle of buildings. The application of different structural systems is considered a means of reducing the carbon dioxide emissions from building construction. The purpose of this research is to assess the environmental performance of three different slab systems during the construction phase. In this study, a process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) method was applied in order to evaluate the level of performance of the three slab systems. The results showed total CO2 emissions of 3,275,712, 3,157,260, and 2,943,695 kg CO2 eq. for the ordinary reinforced concrete slab, flat plate slab, and voided slab systems, respectively. The manufacturing of building materials is by far the main contributor to CO2 emissions, which indicate 3,230,945, 3,117,203, and 2,905,564 kg CO2 eq., respectively. Comparing the building materials in the three slab systems, reinforcing bars and forms were significant building materials to reduce the CO2 emissions in the flat plate slab and voided slab systems. In this study, reinforcing bars were the main contributor to lowering the carbon dioxide emissions in the flat plate slab and voided slab systems. The results of this study show that amongst all the three different slab systems, the voided slab system shows the greatest reduction potential. Moreover, replacing the ordinary reinforced concrete slab system by alternative methods would make it possible to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in building projects.

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24

Jiang, Wei, and Xinyue Zheng. "Applied Research on the Minimum Thickness of Leveling Layer of Non-Adhesive Flat Extruded Board System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 4673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094673.

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In order to meet residents’ demands for high sound insulation and thermal insulation performance in buildings, functional materials, such as non-adhesive extruded plastic panels, are added to floor slabs to form the bottom-up “structural layer-functional layer-levelling layer”, common in assembled buildings. The non-adhesive leveling system has gradually become a new floor structure. However, the strength of the functional layer is insufficient. How to determine the minimum thickness of the leveling layer is not fully considered in the current building ground design codes of various countries, which makes the engineering application ahead of the codes and the structural damage problems occur frequently. This must be considered, in order to ensure the safety of the system. Based on the layered elastic half-space theory, the effects of functional layer thickness, leveling layer thickness and leveling layer material on the maximum tensile stress of the system are compared. The results of this research lay a solid foundation for the popularization and application of non-adhesive flat extruded plate systems.

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25

Ram, Sant, Shiv Singh, and N. K. Bansal. "Domestic solar water-heating system with a thermal-trap flat-plate solar-energy collector." Applied Energy 19, no. 2 (January 1985): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(85)90066-2.

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26

Xue, Hui Zhong, Hong Guan, Xin Zheng Lu, and Yi Li. "Simulating Post Punching Behaviour of RC Slab-Column Connections Using a Micro Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.231.

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Punching shear is a common failure mode occurring at the slab-column connection region of a reinforced concrete (RC) flat plate. Progressive collapse of RC flat plates poses a significant scientific question on the post punching behaviour of such a structural system. The challenge lies in the complex interactions amongst various internal actions including large unbalanced moments and shear forces. Existing numerical models are unable to differentiate the influence of each individual action within the connection region after punching occurs. Therefore, a new numerical model is required to model these actions individually as well as to evaluate their interrelationships. This paper thus aims to propose a numerical method to investigate the structural response of RC slab-column connections by using a micro model, based on a representative post punching failure experiment. In the micro model, concrete is simulated using solid elements whilst the reinforcement is modelled with truss elements. In this micro model, the constitutive laws and failure criteria of materials play a crucial role in describing the model’s structural behaviour. A typical structural response is discussed and a calibration method is established. Ultimately this study is expected to facilitate the development of an effective, yet simplified numerical model for future progressive collapse simulation of slab-column connections.

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27

Nasrollahi, Amir, Wen Deng, Zhaoyun Ma, and Piervincenzo Rizzo. "Multimodal structural health monitoring based on active and passive sensing." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (April 5, 2017): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717699375.

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We present a structural health monitoring system based on the simultaneous use of passive and active sensing. The passive approach is based on acoustic emission, whereas the active approach uses the electromechanical impedance and the guided ultrasonic wave methods. As all these methods can be deployed with the use of wafer-type piezoelectric transducers bonded or embedded to the structure of interest, this article describes a unified structural health monitoring system where acoustic emission, electromechanical impedance, and guided ultrasonic wave are integrated in the same hardware/software unit. We assess the feasibility of this multimodal monitoring in a large flat aluminum plate instrumented with six transducers. Acoustic emission events are simulated by exciting a tone burst or by using the conventional pencil lead break test, and the detected signals are processed with a source localization algorithm to identify the position of the source. For the active sensing, damage is simulated by adding a small mass to the plate: the raw waveforms are processed with a delay-and-sum algorithm to create an image of the plate, whereas the electrical admittance of each transducer is analyzed using the statistical index of the root-mean-square deviation. The results presented in this article show that the proposed system is robust, mitigates the weaknesses of each method considered individually, and can be developed further to address the challenges associated with the structural health monitoring of complex structures.

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Bekkouche, Sidi Mohammed El Amine, Rachid Djeffal, Mohamed Kamal Cherier, Maamar Hamdani, Zohir Younsi, Saleh Al-Saadi, and Mohamed Zaiani. "Experimental Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of a Combined Heating System under Saharan Climate." Buildings 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030635.

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The solar water heater can be integrated into future residential buildings as the main energy source, which will subsequently reduce the energy cost of water heating. An original configuration for an efficient Domestic Hot Water (DHW) storage tank is developed and experimentally evaluated under Saharan climate. This novel DHW configuration includes a hybrid (solar and electric) energy system with a flat plate solar collector coupled with an electric heater. Additionally, a phase change material (PCM) mixture that is composed of paraffin wax and animal fat with a melting temperature between 35.58 °C and 62.58 °C and latent heat between 180 and 210 kJ/kg is integrated into this novel tank configuration. The experimental results indicated that hot water production by using latent heat storage could be economically attractive. By evaluating the cost of water heating expressed in Algerian dinar per liter (DZD/L), it was found that one liter of hot water may cost around 0.1362 DZD/L (i.e., 0.00096 USD/L) compared to 0.4431 DZD/L for the conventional water heater, an average energy cost savings of 69.26%. On a yearly basis, the average energy cost savings may reach up to 80.25% if optimal tilt for the solar collector is adopted on a monthly basis. The flat plate collector may be vulnerable to convective heat transfer; therefore, other solar collectors, such as vacuum tube collectors, may provide enhanced energy performance.

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29

Koespiadi, Koespiadi, F. Rooslan Edy Santosa, and Debby Hendika Putra. "Building Structure Design Of Simple Rent House (Rusunawa) Tower A In Surabaya With Srpmk And Shearwall." ADRI International Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijce.v6i1.17.

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The Building of Simple Rent House Tower A was designed in Nagrak Flats, Cilincing, North Jakarta with an exixting area of 812,5 m2 with a total of 16 floors, which was redesigned with land data for area of Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, with an area of 578,5 m2 with a total of 11 floors. From the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, it was found that the Flat Building was built on soft ground conditions (SE Site Class), with risk category II and including Seismic Design Category D. The calculation of the flat building structure uses a dual system structure, namely with special moment-bearing frame system and shearwall which refers to SNI 03-1726-2012 (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2012) and SNI 1726-2019 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2020a) : Earthquake Resistance Planning Procedures for Building and Non Building Structures. Earthquake load planning for the design of the flats building uses dynamic response analysis. Non-earthquake loading refers to SNI 03-1727-2013 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2013a) and SNI 1727-2018 (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2020): Minimum Design Load and Related Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. Secondary structure of the flats building, namely the floor and roof plate and stairs, while the primary structure includes beam, column, and beam-column joint that support the secondary structure. Shear wall is used to resist shifting of buildings when an earthquake accurs. The lower structure consists of the pile foundation, pilecap, tie beam. The flats building structure is a reinforced concrete structure which calculations refer to SNI 03-2847-2013 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2013b) and SNI 2847-2019 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2020b) : Requirement for Structural Concrete for Buildings and Explanations. Calculation of the structure of the flats building uses SAP2000 and the result of this calculation are in the form of engineering drawings consisting of architectural drawings and structural drawings presented using AUTOCAD.

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30

Adun, Humphrey, Michael Adedeji, Ayomide Titus, Joakim James Mangai, and Tonderai Ruwa. "Particle-Size Effect of Nanoparticles on the Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Technology." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065271.

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One of the cleanest and most efficient solar collector systems is the flat plate collector, which has applications in hot water production, drying, among others. Flat plate collectors have improved in terms of both their structural configurations and working fluids. Several studies have verified the comparatively higher efficiency of nanofluid-based flat plate collectors, relative to that of water and other thermal oils. Additionally, the influence of several nanofluid synthesis factors, such as volume fraction, pH, type of base fluid, hybridization, surfactants, and sonification, on the performance of these collectors has been highlighted in the literature. However, the effect of nanoparticle size on collector performance has received minimal research interest, despite its significant effect on both the cost of synthesis and the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. The uncertainties regarding the effect of nanoparticle size on thermal collectors have limited their practical applications. This study numerically investigates the effect of the nanoparticle size of silver (Ag) nanofluid with nanoparticle sizes between 20 nm and 100 nm on the performance of flat plate collectors. The effect of nanoparticle size on the mean fluid temperature resulted in a maximum temperature of 45.8 °C for the Ag-100 nm. An increase of 0.25 °C for the Ag-20 nm was recorded, relative to the Ag-100 nm. In addition, the Ag-100 nm was calculated to have resulted in the highest reduction in collector size (18.30%), relative to that of water.

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31

Fanella, David A., Mustafa Mahamid, and Michael Mota. "Flat Plate–Voided Concrete Slab Systems: Design, Serviceability, Fire Resistance, and Construction." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 22, no. 3 (August 2017): 04017004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000322.

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32

Perkasa, Veryawan nanda, Sovian Aritonang Djamarel, and Hermanto Hermanto. "Modification of the Main Deck of Pc40 Using the Sandwich Plate System to Support Marine Defense Operations." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 7 (February 18, 2022): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.88.

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Indonesia is the largest archipelagic maritime country in the world, it should strengthen its ability to secure a very wide territorial waters, in order to ensure the security and safety of shipping in Indonesian jurisdictional. PC 40 ship is a reliable TNI-AL patrol ship with relatively small dimensions and will be easy to operate in archipelagic areas. In general, structural construction on conventional PC 40 ships, along with the times, the Sandwich Plate System material has been found to have characteristics that provide advantages in terms of strength and a simpler structure compared to conventional construction. the construction structure uses conventional aluminum using the Sandwich Plate System material with an aluminum-elastomer-aluminum configuration in the flat plate structure on the main deck of the TNI-AL PC 40 Ship. Analysis based on finite element on main deck construction with load loading. From the simulation results, the maximum stress for aluminum material is 17 MPa using stiffeners, while the construction with sandwich plate material system produces a maximum stress of 15 MPa reducing the use of 15 stiffeners, with maximum deformation for conventional aluminum.

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33

Perkasa, Veryawan nanda, Sovian Aritonang Djamarel, and Hermanto Hermanto. "Modification of the Main Deck of Pc40 Using the Sandwich Plate System to Support Marine Defense Operations." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 7 (February 18, 2022): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v1i7.88.

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Анотація:

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic maritime country in the world, it should strengthen its ability to secure a very wide territorial waters, in order to ensure the security and safety of shipping in Indonesian jurisdictional. PC 40 ship is a reliable TNI-AL patrol ship with relatively small dimensions and will be easy to operate in archipelagic areas. In general, structural construction on conventional PC 40 ships, along with the times, the Sandwich Plate System material has been found to have characteristics that provide advantages in terms of strength and a simpler structure compared to conventional construction. the construction structure uses conventional aluminum using the Sandwich Plate System material with an aluminum-elastomer-aluminum configuration in the flat plate structure on the main deck of the TNI-AL PC 40 Ship. Analysis based on finite element on main deck construction with load loading. From the simulation results, the maximum stress for aluminum material is 17 MPa using stiffeners, while the construction with sandwich plate material system produces a maximum stress of 15 MPa reducing the use of 15 stiffeners, with maximum deformation for conventional aluminum.

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34

Mitra, P., W. Neu, and J. Schetz. "Effect of a Simulated Free Surface on the Wake of a Slender Body." Journal of Ship Research 30, no. 04 (December 1, 1986): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1986.30.4.242.

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Turbulent flow measurements were performed in the wake of a slender axisymmetric body in the presence of a flat plate strut and an image plane crudely representing the "rigid lid" approximation to a free surface. The tests were performed in a wind tunnel at a nominal Reynolds number of 6.0 ⨯ 105. A Yawhead probe was used for the mean flow measurements, and a Constant Temperature Anemometer System with an x-wire probe was used to obtain the turbulent flow characteristics. The presence of the image plane was found to increase the velocity defect and the static pressure as the image plane was approached. A redistribution among the various components of velocity fluctuations was noted near the image plane. The transverse component was enhanced at the expense of the normal component. The image plane also was found to influence the magnitudes and radial spread of turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses. Some interactions between the wake of the axisymmetric body and that of the plate strut were observed. Overall, the mean velocities and the turbulence quantities indicated symmetry about the image plane throughout the wake.

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35

Oliveira, É. L., N. M. M. Maia, A. G. Marto, R. G. A. da Silva, F. J. Afonso, and A. Suleman. "Modal characterization of composite flat plate models using piezoelectric transducers." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 79 (October 2016): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.02.046.

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36

Staudenmann, J. L., R. D. Horning, and R. D. Knox. "Buerger precession camera and overall characterization of thin films and flat-plate crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889887086813.

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A fast simple and non-destructive method is described to provide qualitative structural information for flat-plate crystals and epitaxically grown films. The technique, based upon the Buerger precession camera, produces an easy-to-interpret photograph of the reciprocal space of all the components at once: substrate, film or buffer layer, and/or superlattice. A wide variety of technologically important examples are used to illustrate the technique: a mixture of CdTe phases on (001) Si, an aluminium layer on a (001) Si substrate, (001) Ge epitaxic layers on (001) Si substrates, three combinations of possible orientations of CdTe epitaxic layers on various substrate types, CdTe/ZnTe and other II–VI superlattices on GaAs substrates. In addition, the precession pictures readily reveal the common [111] face-centered cubic twin fault, or stacking disorder, seen in bulk growth methods. This finding may have severe consequences for the electronic mobility and the feasibility of devices fabricated from these composite systems.

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37

Guo and Ye. "Numerical and Experimental Study on a High-Power Cold Achieving Process of a Coil-Plate Ice-Storage System." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214085.

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Heat dissipation of high-power lasers needs a cold storage and supply system to provide sufficient cooling power. A compact coil-plate heat exchange device has been proposed and applied in the phase-change cold storage system with ice as the cold-storage medium and glycol aqueous solution as the coolant. The heat exchanger consists of several stacked coil-plate units and each unit is constructed with a flat plate and serpentine coils welded on the plate. A simulation model on the cold achieving process of a coil-plate unit was built and verified by the corresponding experiment. The influences of the structural parameters (tube diameter, tube pitch, and plate spacing) of the unit and the inlet temperature and volume flow rate of the coolant on the heat exchange power density were analyzed to obtain the maximal cooling effect in a limited time period. It was found that the heat exchange power density is limited when the tube pitch and plate spacing are large, otherwise, the effective cooling time period is limited. A small plate spacing can make the power density decrease rapidly in the later stage. The inlet coolant temperature can significantly affect the heat exchange power density while the coolant volume flow rate in tube has a small effect on the power density when the coolant is in turbulent state. In a time period of 900 s, for a coil-plate heat exchanger with a plate size of 940 mm ×770 mm and a tube pitch of 78 mm, when the plate spacing is 20 mm, the average heat exchange power density is 5.1 kW/m2 when the inlet temperature and volume flow rate of the coolant are 20 °C and 0.5 m3/h, respectively. The total cooling power of several stacked coil-plate units in the limited time period can match the high requirement of laser heat dissipation.

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38

Sahu, Atanu, Shashi Kumar, N. Bhavyashree, and Anuja Roy. "Vibration Control of Functionally Graded Panels using Parallel Resonators." Key Engineering Materials 928 (August 16, 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wkyr2h.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) are often an integral part these days in many engineering applications, such as, nuclear structural components, spacecraft and marine structures, thermal barrier coatings used for military applications, etc. These structures are also susceptible to dynamic loads varying from harmonic to impulse type of loadings which are in the form of rotating engines, sudden blasts and others. These loadings often pose serious threats to the structural systems by inflicting fatigue damages or by driving the system in tune with its resonating frequency that eventually lead to the complete collapse of the structure. Therefore, a vibration control strategy needs to be devised to protect these structures from unwanted vibrations due to the external loading. A passive vibration control strategy is proposed in the present research work to control the vibration response of a flat panel made of functionally graded material. At first, the FG plate is numerically modelled using the finite element (FE) method to calculate its response due to a point harmonic force. Ceramic (Alumina) is used for the top part of the FG plate while the bottom is made of metal (Aluminium) and the material property is smoothly varied from ceramic to metal using the power law distribution. Then, several resonators consisting of spring-mass system and parallel to each other are attached to both sides of the panel to isolate the response in the resonating frequency ranges. The FE model for the FG plate with resonator is developed and the controlled vibration response is obtained. The controlled response indicates that the resonators are efficient to produce band-gaps in the resonating frequency regime compared to the bare FG plate.

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39

Sayed-Ahmed, Ezzeldin Yazeed. "Behaviour of steel and (or) composite girders with corrugated steel webs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 656–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-027.

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Composite beams with corrugated steel webs represent a new innovative system which has emerged in the past decade for short and medium span bridges. The new system usually combines the usage of corrugated steel plates as webs and reinforced/prestressed concrete slabs as flanges for plate or box girders. Bridges that have been recently built with this hybrid system are outlined in this paper, which focuses on the advantages of using corrugated steel webs as opposed to traditional flat webs. The flexural behaviour and bearing resistance of girders with corrugated steel webs is briefly discussed. The flanges of the new system solely provide the flexural strength of the beam with no contribution from the corrugated web. On the other hand, the corrugated web provides the shear capacity of the system. Thus, the shear behaviour of girders with corrugated webs is explicitly discussed focusing on the different failure and (or) buckling modes that affect the design of the corrugated steel web plates. Design charts for such webs are constructed based on the different interaction equations of failure. The torsion-warping behaviour of composite box girders with corrugated steel webs is also discussed.Key words: bridges, composite beams, corrugated steel webs, global buckling mode, interactive buckling, local buckling.

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40

Gayed, Ramez B., and Amin Ghali. "Seismic design of concrete slabs for punching shear: a critical review of Canadian standard CSA A23.3-04." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 6 (June 2008): 588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-130.

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Unbalanced moments, transferred between concrete flat plates and columns due to earthquakes, produce shear stresses that increase the vulnerability to brittle punching failure. Appropriate design and detailing of the slab–column joints are essential to prevent such failure. Because of the high flexibility of flat plate structures, lateral-force-resisting systems, e.g., bracings, frames or shear walls, are necessary to limit the interstorey drift ratio to specified values. The slab–column joints must have the strength and the ductility to undergo, without punching failure, the lateral displacement of the structure. In the 2004 version of the Canadian standard, CSA A23.3-04, clause 21.12.3 is added, specifying the punching shear design of slab–column connections subjected to earthquakes. The provisions of the clause are critically reviewed using a design example. It is shown that the new clause permits absence of shear reinforcement in cases that lack strength and when it requires shear reinforcement, it specifies excessive amount. Changes to the standard are proposed.

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41

Kim, Jae-Yo, and Ahmad K. Abdelrazaq. "Construction sequence analysis of the flat plate system in a high-rise building and its impact on the construction cycle." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 18, no. 3 (April 2009): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.443.

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Кужахметова, Э., and El'vira Kuzhahmetova. "CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF VANT LOCATION IN CYLINDRO-PLATE-VANT (CPV) COATING OF BUILDING (CONSTRUCTION)." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 5 (April 19, 2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5ce292ca24bc23.91006970.

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The article considers the calculation and spatial models of buildings with cylindrical-slab-guy covering and various constructive arrangement of the guy: radial, fan, parallel-transverse, parallel-longitudinal and longitudinal-transverse (cross). The calculations have been performed using the FEMAP / NX NASTRAN software package (PC), taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of the deformation. The novelty of the research is a combined design of cylindrical-slab-guy covering. This is a complex of different types of coverings, overlapping large spans of buildings: the cylindrical shell of zero Gaussian curvature and the flat slab are located in the middle part; symmetric guy coverings are located at the edges. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of guy system with various arrangement of guys on the stress-strain condition of cylindrical-slab-guy covering. The objective of the study is to provide a comparative analysis of the stress-strain condition of complex design of cylindrical-slab-guy covering and to select the optimal structural solution of the guy system under the same conditions (geometric parameters of the building, external loads and boundary fixings)

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43

Zhou, Yan, Wen Juan Zheng, Xiao Hui Liu, and Qing Ling Li. "Study of the Heat Storage Device Characteristic in the Solar Chimney Power Plant System with Vertical Collector." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.356.

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The three difference structural heat storage devices are designed used paraffin as phase change heat storage materials for the chimney power plant system with vertical collector, and the FLUENT software is used to study the heat storing and releasing capacity of four different structural heat storage devices. The results are shown that: in the same case, The heat storage and heat release abilities of the devices with different surfaces are studied through numerical simulation, the results show that: the heat storage ability of the device with fins is much better than that of flat-plate device, and the heat storage ability of the device with longitudinal fins is a little better than that of the device with lateral fins. So for the solar chimney power plant system with vertical collector, the heat storage device with longitudinal fins can be chosen in consideration of the flow resistance and heat transfer ability. These results are the theoretical basis for the actual construction of the solar chimney power plant system with vertical collector.

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44

Kim, Taewan, Douglas A. Foutch, James Wilcoski, and James M. LaFave. "Response Modification Factors for RC Case-Study Buildings with Structural Walls." Earthquake Spectra 25, no. 4 (November 2009): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3240398.

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A rational approach for determining the response modification factor, [Formula: see text], has been applied to reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings designed under current codes and standards of practice. The approach is founded upon the performance-based evaluation framework from the SAC project; however, new values for various parameters were derived specifically for RC shear wall buildings because the SAC parameters were for steel moment frame buildings. Typical RC shear wall buildings were designed consisting of solid, flexure-dominated structural walls for lateral load resistance and a flat plate floor system for gravity loads. The performance of each building was then evaluated by calculating the confidence level of achieving the design objective. The buildings designed per the current [Formula: see text]-value of 6 demonstrated good performances, meaning that the confidence levels of avoiding collapse were greater than the target value of 90%. The confidence levels for shear wall buildings with greater [Formula: see text]-values were also determined, suggesting that further study could provide the basis for justifying an [Formula: see text]-value of 7 for the special RC shear wall structural system.

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45

Taguchi, Satoshi, and Kazuo Aoki. "Rarefied gas flow around a sharp edge induced by a temperature field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 694 (January 17, 2012): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.536.

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AbstractA rarefied gas flow thermally induced around a heated (or cooled) flat plate, contained in a vessel, is considered in two different situations: (i) both sides of the plate are simultaneously and uniformly heated (or cooled); and (ii) only one side of the plate is uniformly heated. The former is known as the thermal edge flow and the latter, typically observed in the Crookes radiometer, may be called the radiometric flow. The steady behaviour of the gas induced in the container is investigated on the basis of the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation and the diffuse reflection boundary condition by means of an accurate finite-difference method. The flow features are clarified for a wide range of the Knudsen number, with a particular emphasis placed on the structural similarity between the two flows. The limiting behaviour of the flow as the Knudsen number tends to zero (and thus the system approaches the continuum limit) is investigated for both flows. The detailed structure of the normal stress on the plate as well as the cause of the radiometric force (the force acting on the plate from the hotter to the colder side) is also clarified for the present infinitely thin plate.

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46

KOLCHUNOV, V. I., V. S. MOSKOVTSEVA, O. B. BUSHOVA, and D. I. ZHUKOV. "COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PROTECTING MONOLITHIC FRAMES OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS WITH FLAT FLOORS FROM PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE." Building and reconstruction 96, no. 4 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2021-96-4-35-44.

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The paper presents new design solutions for the protection of monolithic frames of multi-storey buildings with flat floors from progressive collapse. At the same time, two variants of strengthening the support zones - the zones of coupling of the plate with the column, providing the perception of peak bending moments in the event of a sudden change in the force flows of the structural system caused by the removal of one of the supporting columns, are considered: the 1st variant-reinforcement with the use of metal insert plates, the 2nd variant - reinforcement with the use of support frames with inclined reinforcing rods. Numerical studies of a fragment of the considered monolithic frame of a building according to the primary design scheme for the effect of the design load and according to the secondary design scheme for the out-of-design impact show the effectiveness of the proposed design solutions for strengthening the interface zones of flat slabs with columns to protect the monolithic frames of buildings from progressive collapse. It is established that in the considered numerical example, the steel consumption when using the option of reinforcing the support zone with frames with inclined rods, other things being equal, is reduced to 46%.

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47

Cao, Yan, Hamdi Ayed, Alibek Issakhov, Ndolane Sene, and Belgacem Bouallegue. "Irreversibility analysis of induced swirl flow inside the pipes of flat-plate solar collector using dual tangential nozzles." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab083.

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Abstract In the present research, dual-nozzle swirl generator was installed at the blocked end of the straight tube to inject flow tangential to the wall of the pipe with various injection inclinations compared to the longitudinal axis. This causes a swirl flow inside the pipe. Altering some decisive variables, including injection angle, side of nozzle cross-section, pipe diameter, and flow rate, caused to attain various cases with unique hydraulic-geometrical characteristics. Classes ‘A…-D50-N…-M…’ and ‘A…-D20-N…-M…’ bear the main characteristics of the cases embodied in their sub-classes. Entropy generation (St), Nu*, NE, Heat Transfer Improvement (HTI) index and ${\eta}_{w-s}$ were used as effective tools for the basement of the system based on the irreversibility concept. The results showed that all of the cases of class ‘A…-D50-N…-M…’ cause lower frictional-contributed and higher thermal-contributed entropy generation compared to the class ‘A…-D20-N…-M…’. The highest values of the HTI index are 1.5 and 1.763 obtained by ‘A30-D20-N5-M0.4’ and ‘A90-D20-N6.25-M0.1’, respectively.

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48

Segui, W. T., and G. L. Farrow. "An expert system for the design of post-tensioned flat plates." Computers & Structures 42, no. 4 (February 1992): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90112-d.

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49

Carvalho de Oliveira, Dênio Ramam, Maurício de Pina Ferreira, and José Guilherme Silva Melo. "Application of partial cross-section precast system to save the Amazon forest." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 6 (June 2010): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-027.

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The Brazilian civil construction industry is one of the largest consumers of wood in the country. The majority of wood is used as formwork to build concrete structures and is discarded at the end of the construction process. This study presents an innovative structural system that uses a type of partial cross-section precast system with thin reinforced concrete flat plates, which are transported and assembled at the construction site and act as permanent formwork with structural function. The major advantages of this system include the reduction of transport costs; easier assembly of the structural elements because of its low weight; and the possibility of idealizing and designing rigid connections between structural elements, improvement of the structural behavior and postive impact on the material economy. This paper presents construction details, tests results, and some real cases where partial cross-section beams and columns were successfully applied in Brazil.

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Rihaczek, Gabriel, Maximilian Klammer, Okan Basnak, Axel Körner, Riccardo La Magna, and Jan Knippers. "Timbr Foldr – A Design Framework and Material System for Closed Cross-section Curved Folded Structures." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2022.014.

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This research investigated building components that can be produced and transported in a flat state and transformed to a spatial state without scaffolding on-site. Curved folding was employed to allow for a shape change between flat and spatial bending active structures. Bending generally allows for expressive curvature with simple flat production as well as easy customization. Limitations presented by laborious forming and upscaling of individually bent plates were overcome by large-scale curved folding. The present research builds upon the context but adds a design framework for volumetric curved folded components, a bistable behavior, and comprehensive detailing regarding upscaling and increased structural capacity. The mechanism was studied on a kinematic level, considering geometrical rules of curved folding and the design space. It was also studied on a kinetic level under the consideration of material properties specific to plywood. As a proof of concept, a 1:1 scale demonstrator was built. Finite element modeling software was used to optimize the shape. The demonstrator was fabricated flat, folded up, and locked in its stable configuration by the bistability and bases. It supported twelve people with a self-weight of approximately 300kg.

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Статті в журналах з теми "FLAT PLATE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM"

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