Дисертації з теми "Flammes laminaires en expansion"
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Galmiche, Bénédicte. "Caractérisation expérimentale des flammes laminaires et turbulentes en expansion." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069403.
Повний текст джерелаSamson, Erwann. "Etude expérimentale de la propagation de flammes en expansion dans un milieu à richesse stratifiée." Rouen, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0008.
Повний текст джерелаEndouard, Charles. "Etude expérimentale de la dynamique des flammes de prémélange isooctane/air en expansion laminaire et turbulente fortement diluées." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2043/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor several years, “downsizing” is used by car manufacturers to develop new spark ignition engines. This method based on the reduction of engine size combined with an increase of intake pressure (turbocharger) is well known to reduce pollutant emissions and increase efficiency. New thermodynamic, turbulent and dilution conditions could be used with these new engines but they can bring new issues like unusual combustion or cyclic variability. This thesis took place to improve the understanding of premixed expanding isooctane/air flames behavior under downsized engine-like conditions. As a first step, this work is conducted under laminar conditions to extract laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of the different mixtures, especially under high dilution. New correlations are then developed to answer the needs of numerical models. A new optical dispositive is then used to improve the visualization of turbulent expanding flames. A corrective coefficient correlation is proposed to avoid the overestimated values of turbulent burning speed generated by Schlieren visualization with such turbulent flames. A deep survey of starting conditions (temperature, pressure, turbulence, dissipative characteristics of air/fuel mixtures) influence is done to investigate the effect of each parameters on the development and the propagation of the turbulent flame. Finally, the effect of a coupled rise of initial temperature and pressure, similar to an engine compression, is studied to better understand the changes of flame behavior under more realistic spark-ignition engine conditions
Lefebvre, Alexandre. "Analyses théorique, numérique et expérimentale de la détermination de la vitesse de combustion laminaire à partir de flammes en expansion sphériques." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0009/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental and social challenges concerning the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production (electricity, building and transport) require the development of new combustion processes, new burner technologies and alternative fuels (gasification of biomass, biofuels, ...). Laminar burning velocity is one of the fundamental parameters used to characterize premixed combustion for these new fuels. This speed is a reference for the validation and improvement of kinetic schemes and an input parameter to estimate the turbulent burning velocity of most turbulent combustion codes. But even if it has been studied over 100 years, the precise experimental measurement of this velocity is still complicated due to inherent limitations in experimental configurations used, especially for high pressure and temperature conditions. In this context, this thesis work focuses on the study, analysis and characterization of the different techniques used to determine the laminar burning velocity from spherically expanding flames and proposes a reflection on the minimization of all possible uncertainty sources. This approach is achieved with confined spherical flames which allow to obtain high temperature and pressure initial conditions. In the first part, the formalism of existing laminar flame speeds in spherical expanding configuration is reminded to define the factors of uncertainty related to the experimental measurement (local kinematic and global kinetic variables). In particular, the effects associated with the estimation of the burned gases thermodynamic state, radiation and differential diffusion are discussed. In the second part, several numerical and experimental devices used in this thesis are presented. A study on four different experimental setups is proposed to analyze and characterize the uncertainties in the measurements and processing. Finally, in the third part, a rigorous definition of the consumption speed is proposed and a new methodology to measure it is developed. A complete validation based on numerical results is presented. Then uncertainties related to radiation, differential diffusion and extrapolation to zero stretch rate of measured data are detailed. This last step introduces a non-negligible bias and a new methodology to exploit raw data by a direct comparison with DNS reproducing the experiments is proposed
Villenave, Nicolas. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés fondamentales de la combustion de l'hydrogène pour des applications de propulsion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ORLE1001.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, the European Union is considering hydrogen as a promising energy carrier to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. While fuel cells and electric vehicles already play an important role in decarbonizing the transport sector, hydrogen is also seen as an alternative to conventional fuels for heavy-duty vehicles. Yet, a number of challenges linked to the physico-chemical properties of lean hydrogen combustion are still under investigation: abnormal combustion phenomena, production of nitrogen oxides,instabilities due to thermodiffusive effects, to state a few. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the auto-ignition process in lean hydrogen/air mixtures, as well as the propagation of laminar and turbulent premixed flames. First, measurements of hydrogen/air and hydrogen/air/nitrogen oxides ignition delay times are carried out using a rapid compression machine, to update and validate a kinetic mechanism under spark ignition engine-like conditions. Second, outwardly propagating spherical premixed laminar flames were studiedin a constant-volume combustion chamber, varying the initial temperature and steam dilution, and considering the intrinsic instabilities linked to the physico-chemical properties of hydrogen namely thermodiffusive,hydrodynamic and gravity-related instabilities. Then, expanding premixed turbulent flames are characterized by the generation of a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence zone within a spherical chamber. A parametric study is conducted by varying turbulent intensity, initial pressure and equivalence ratio. Finally, a turbulent correlation is proposed to describe the turbulent propagation of such flames, for use in numerical models
Djebali, Smaïl. "Problèmes mathématiques de flammes laminaires non adiabatiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112508.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study a system of two eigenvalue nonlinear differential equations. This problem arises in the modeling of a premised laminar flame moving in a long tube. We consider a single step chemical reaction of nth order. REACTANT→ PRODUCT and allow the heat transfert between the flame and the tube walls. In the limit of small Mach numbers, the one dimensional travelling wave problem reduces after renormalization to a system of reaction diffusion equations: To find u the mixture temperature, u the reactant concentration, and h the heat loss intensity solution of :-u"+cu'- v'ⁿf(u)-hg(u) u(-∞)=u(+∞)=O -Λv"+cv'=-vⁿf(u) v (-∞)=1; v'(+∞)=O. Then we analyse the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as a small parameter ɛ goes to 0. Lastly, we establish a rigorous singular perturbation analysis which yields a limit relationship between h and c
Giovangigli, Vincent. "Structure et extinction de flammes laminaires prémélangées." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066258.
Повний текст джерелаDjebali, Smaïl. "Problèmes mathématiques de flammes laminaires non adiabatiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376046093.
Повний текст джерелаGiovangigli, Vincent. "Structure et extinction de flammes laminaires prémélangées." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613930q.
Повний текст джерелаKhaldi, Fouad. "Flammes de diffusion laminaires dans un gradient magnétique vertical." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0054.
Повний текст джерелаWe report the results of an experimental and numerical study on the effect of a non-uniform magnetic field on a laminar diffusion flame in ambient air. We show that the impact of a vertical magnetic gradient on flame is similar to taht of gravity. Indeed, due to the difference of magnetic susceptibility of air and flame, a vertical magnetic gradient induces within flame an apparent gravity g*, measured relatively to earth gravity g by the coefficient G=g*/g. In g=0 (zero gravity), flame as the same hemispherical shape and the same blue colour of a diffusion flame at microgravity in drop towers. In g>1 (elevated gravity), the evolution of flame length is the same than that for flames at elevated gravity in centrifuges. Magnetic field allows to access to the range 0
Lacour, Corine. "STABILITE DE FLAMMES LAMINAIRES PARTIELLEMENT PREMELANGEES- APPLICATION AUX BRULEURS DOMESTIQUES." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110209.
Повний текст джерелаBrion, Laurent. "Modélisation en chimie détaillée des flammes laminaires de bruleurs domestiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0571.
Повний текст джерелаDirrenberger, Patricia. "Étude experimentale et theorique des vitesses de flammes laminaires d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0035/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe laminar burning velocity is a key parameter in the combustion of hydrocarbons study. It plays an essential role in the combustion science area since it is used for the validation of numerical models, the design of burners or to predict potential flashback or blow off of the flame. The goal of the thesis was the study of laminar burning velocities of many hydrocarbons found in natural gases, gasolines or diesel fuels. This work includes an experimental part and a modeling part. The experimental part allowed the implementation of the literature database for different air/hydrocarbons mixtures. The experiments were performed with a new apparatus developed at LRGP (Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés) for the measurement of laminar burning velocities by the heat flux method thanks to a flat flame adiabatic burner. This method is based on balancing of the heat loss required for the flame stabilization by the convective heat flux from the burner surface to the flame front. The burner head is a thick perforated plate included in a plenum mixing chamber and the measurement of the radial distribution of the temperature is performed with a thermocouples series. This apparatus was first used at atmospheric pressure and several temperatures to measure laminar burning velocities of gaseous compounds (alkanes, alkenes, hydrogen-enriched or oxygen-enriched methane, natural gases, methane-ethane and methane-propane mixtures) and liquid compounds (alkanes, ethanol, commercial gasoline and model fuel with addition of ethanol or not, alkylcyclohexanes, alkylbenzènes). The apparatus was then placed in a chamber in order to work under pressures theoretically up to 10 atm. Laminar burning velocities of two compounds were studied at room temperature and high pressure : a gaseous compound, methane, for pressures up to 6 atm and a liquid compound, n-pentane, for pressures up to 4 atm. A modelling study completed this work by using detailed kinetic models for the combustion of studied compounds. These models were tested by the simulation of experimental results previously obtained, in various equivalence ratio, temperature and pressure conditions
Lacour, Corine. "Stabilité de flammes laminaires partiellement prémélangées. Application aux brûleurs domestiques." Rouen, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0002.
Повний текст джерелаAguerre, Frédéric. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des flammes laminaires étirées stationnaires et instationnaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0385.
Повний текст джерелаBelhalfaoui, Sami. "Structure de flammes laminaires et diagnostics optiques : étude numérique et expérimentale." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0731.
Повний текст джерелаSENNOUN, MOHAMED. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de flammes laminaires étirées de prémélange propane-air." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0348.
Повний текст джерелаDjavdan, Ebrahim. "Etudes numérique et expérimentale de flammes laminaires étirées de prémélange propane-air." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0145.
Повний текст джерелаBourayou, Riad. "Etude spectrométrique du rayonnement infrarouge des suies dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0028/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work consists of the application of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry to sootladen, laminar, axisymmetric diffusion flames. Spatially resolved emission and transmission measurements were performed. The bibliography we propose gives an insight of the contemporary knowledge about soot formation, in conditions similar to the flames we produce in this study. Diagnostic techniques applied to combusting media are also briefly described, and we emphasise the description of the optical techniques. An emission spectrometry experimental set-up is designed in order to perform the outgoing flux attributable to soot particles contained in propane and ethylene diffusion flames. The performance of the system are evaluated and the intrinsic measurement uncertainty is slightly above 5%. This quantitative technique is applied to five flames, and the results are further compared and discussed using additional analysis devices. The set-up is finally extended in order to allow spatially resolved extinction spectrometry. These measurements, taken on an ethylene flame, allow the local extinction coefficient to be identified by means of a tomography algorithm. The Rayleigh scattering approximation can be applied to yield the local soot volumic fraction
Bourayou, Riad Sacadura Jean-François. "Etude spectrométrique du rayonnement infrarouge des suies dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=bourayou.
Повний текст джерелаCuenot, Bénédicte. "Étude asymptotique et numérique de la structure des flammes de diffusion laminaires et turbulentes." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT001H.
Повний текст джерелаQuilichini, Virginie. "Etude de la structure des flammes laminaires partiellement prémélangées dans une chaudière domestique modèle." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0858.
Повний текст джерелаTurbiez, Anne. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la combustion du gaz naturel dans des flammes laminaires prémélangées." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-456.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
Ferrières, Solène de. "Combustion de mélanges gaz naturel/hydrogène dans des flammes laminaires prémélangées : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10109/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims to promote the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, an alternative fuel promising to reduce pollutants emission. The goal is to obtain detailed kinetic data (temperature, chemical species concentrations) on the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen blends in flames. The influence of hydrogen proportion, equivalence ratio and pressure on the natural gas combustion kinetics has been investigated. Eighteen laminar premixed CH4/C2H6/C3H8/H2/O2/N2 flames operating at low pressure (0.079 atm) and at atmospheric pressure have been studied. Evolution profiles of molecular species are obtained after microprobe sampling and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with infrared spectroscopy. Temperature profiles are measured with a coated thermocouple. This experimental database is used to develop a chemical mechanism GDF-Kin® which includes 192 species involved in 1287 reactions, most of them being reversible. The mechanism predicts with a good accuracy mole fraction profiles of hydrocarbons species analysed, the effect of hydrogen on the kinetic of gas natural oxidation as well as a large number of global and detailed data from literature (ignition delays, flame burning velocity ... ). The effect of hydrogen depends strongly on its initial concentration and on equivalence ratio but not much on pressure. Hydrogen affects main reaction paths of natura! gas oxidation, particularly abstraction reaction by hydrogen atoms
Ferrières, Solène de. "Combustion de mélanges gaz naturel/hydrogène dans des flammes laminaires prémélangées : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10109.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims to promote the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, an alternative fuel promising to reduce pollutants emission. The goal is to obtain detailed kinetic data (temperature, chemical species concentrations) on the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen blends in flames. The influence of hydrogen proportion, equivalence ratio and pressure on the natural gas combustion kinetics has been investigated. Eighteen laminar premixed CH4/C2H6/C3H8/H2/O2/N2 flames operating at low pressure (0.079 atm) and at atmospheric pressure have been studied. Evolution profiles of molecular species are obtained after microprobe sampling and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with infrared spectroscopy. Temperature profiles are measured with a coated thermocouple. This experimental database is used to develop a chemical mechanism GDF-Kin® which includes 192 species involved in 1287 reactions, most of them being reversible. The mechanism predicts with a good accuracy mole fraction profiles of hydrocarbons species analysed, the effect of hydrogen on the kinetic of gas natural oxidation as well as a large number of global and detailed data from literature (ignition delays, flame burning velocity ... ). The effect of hydrogen depends strongly on its initial concentration and on equivalence ratio but not much on pressure. Hydrogen affects main reaction paths of natura! gas oxidation, particularly abstraction reaction by hydrogen atoms
Bouvet, Nicolas. "Étude des Vitesses Fondamentales des Flammes Laminaires Prémélangées: Application aux Mélanges Méthane/Air et Syngas (H2/CO)/Air." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473266.
Повний текст джерелаDelmaere, Thomas. "Etude de l'effet d'un gradient de champ magnétique sur le développement de flammes de diffusion laminaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369515.
Повний текст джерелаBouvet, Nicolas. "Etude des vitesses fondamentales des flammes laminaires prémélangées : application aux mélanges méthane/air et syngas (H2/CO)/air." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2078.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of CO2 emission reduction, the present study is devoted to the development of alaminar flame speed measurement methodology, using the Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV)diagnostic. The latter is applied to stagnation flow flames, seen to have considerable assets for suchstudies. Indeed, flames stabilized in these diverging flows are planar, steady and in near-adiabaticconditions, while subtraction of strain effects on flame is intrinsically allowed. The methodology developedherein has been applied to the well-characterized methane/air mixtures for validation. An extensivecomparison with the literature datasets has been provided. Both 1D (PREMIX, OPPDIF) as well as 2D(Fluent©) numerical tools have been used to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the developed approach.A particular attention has been given to the characterization of the seeding particle motion within thediverging flow, with consideration of the often-neglected thermophoretic force. Fundamental flame velocitiesof various syngas (H2+CO) mixtures have been investigated using multiple experimental approachesincluding the aforementioned counterflow methodology as well as spherical and conical flameconfigurations. Performed measurements from the different approaches have been confronted and flamesensitivities to stretch have been characterized for a wide range of equivalence ratios (E.R.=0.4 to 5.0) andmixture compositions (5/95 to 50/50 % H2/CO)
Keita, Mamady. "Modeling of soot particles nucleation from combustion processes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10145/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo better control soot particles emission and minimize their health and environmental effects, it is crucial to better understand their formation mechanisms in particularly combustion processes. The first step of these particulates matter formation is their precursors PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) formation, followed by the nucleation process which links the gas-phase (PAH chemistry) and solid-phase (particles). In the first part of this work, we developed a new detailed chemical kinetic mechanism describing accurately both low and high-temperature ignition and combustion of a wide range of liquid transportation and laboratory fuels as well as the formation of PAH up to coronene, suspected to be major soot precursors. In the second part of this work, a sectional soot model is used with the developed kinetic mechanism in order to investigate soot particles nucleation mechanisms in reproducing experimental data tendencies (soot volume fractions and particles diameters). This couple of kinetic and soot models is run on the detailed kinetic solver Cantera in order to solve both the gas and disperse solid phases in steady laminar flame conditions. The soot model used with the developed detailed kinetic mechanism is validated over premixed laminar methane, ethylene and n-butane flames at various equivalence ratios. Homomolecular and Heteromolecular dimerizations of modest size of PAHs from pyrene to coronene (mass of monomer ranging from 200 to 300 amu) have been considered for particle nucleation modeling
Paxion, Sébastien. "Développement d'un solveur multigrille non-structuré parallèle pour la simulation de flammes laminaires en chimie et transport complexes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0681.
Повний текст джерелаDaguse, Thierry. "Effets du rayonnement thermique sur la structure de flammes laminaires de diffusion ou de prémélange en phase gazeuse." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0489.
Повний текст джерелаTalbaut, Martine. "Etude de la formation et de l'oxydation des suies dans des flammes de diffusion laminaires d'éthylène : approches expérimentale et numérique." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES015.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Bich Ngoc. "Modélisation de la Fluorescence Induite par Laser saturée à trois niveaux sur le radical CH. : validation expérimentale sur des flammes laminaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0933.
Повний текст джерелаTafforin, Anne-Gaëlle. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en milieu diphasique, émissif, absorbant et multidiffusant : application aux particules de suies formées dans les flammes laminaires." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES004.
Повний текст джерелаCohé, Cécile. "Caractérisation de l'effet de la pression et de l'ajout de CO2 sur les flammes laminaires et turbulentes de prémélange pauvre méthane-air." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2010.
Повний текст джерелаV, Subramanian Subramanian. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente : application des méthodes de tabulation de la chimie détaillée l'allumage forcé." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557901.
Повний текст джерелаBodor, Agnes Livia. "Numerical modelling of soot formation and evolution in laminar flames with detailed kinetics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC050/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn image appearing when the phrase soot is heard is the smoke emitted by an exhaust pipe. The imperfect combustion of hydrocarbon fuels is a source of this harmful pollutant. The industrially controlled combustion of hydrocarbons can provide the carbon black, an industrial product widely used in our everyday life. For both its utilization and its harming effect, the surface of these combustion generated particles plays an important role, therefore, it is of interest to possess information on the particle morphology beside its mass or volume. Soot particles were found, at various conditions, to have a fractal-like structure built up from spherical shape building blocks, socalled primary particles. This increased interest in the particle surface and its evolution gives the motivation to extend numerical models to provide related information, i.e. particle surface or primary particle size. Furthermore, as the primary particle size influences the chemical and collisional processes, accounting for this parameter can improve the model predictions. The requirements for numerical models are various depending on the purpose of the simulation. Multidimensional laminar flames, like a laminar coflow diffusion flame, are less complex than flames of industrial combustion systems. However, the soot formation processes are analogous in the two cases, therefore, the investigation of these flames are of interest. In order to obtain a detailed description of the chemical processes, while keeping the computational cost in these flames at an affordable level, using chemical discrete sectional models is a suitable choice. As in their current version, these models do not provide information on the primary particle size their development in this direction is of interest. Guided by the above motivation, a numerical strategy to determine the primary particle size is presented in the context of the chemical sectional models. The proposed strategy is based on solving the transport equation of the primary particle number density for each considered aggregate section. In order to validate numerical primary particle size, the comparison to experimental data is required. Due to its numerous advantages, the Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence (TiRe-LII) technique is a nowadays popular experimental method. However, the comparison of the numerically and the experimentally obtained primary particle size may be charged with uncertainties introduced by the additional measurements or assumptions of the numerous parameters required to derive primary particle size from the detected signal. In order to improve the validation strategy, an additional approach for primary particle size distribution validation with TiRe-LII is proposed. This is based on the reconstruction of the temporal evolution of incandescence from the numerical results and its comparison with the measured signal. The effectiveness of this ’forward’ method is demonstrated a priori by quantifying the errors potentially avoided by the new strategy. The validity of the proposed primary particle tracking model is tested by both the traditional ’inverse’ and the ’forward’ method on target flames of the International Sooting Flame (ISF) Workshop. In particular a laminar premixed ethylene flame is considered first. Then, two laminar coflow ethylene flames with different dilutions are put under the scope. The sensitivity to the model parameters, such as accounting for the surface rounding and the choice of smallest aggregating particle size, is explored in both the premixed flame and in the coflow flame with highest ethylene content. To understand the effect of the fuel stream dilution on the primary particle size in the coflow flame, first, the flame-flow interaction and the effect of the dilution on the flame structure is investigated. [...]
CROONENBROEK, THOMAS. "Diagnostics optiques appliques aux milieux reactifs (diffusion rayleigh, fluorscence induite par laser, absorption, analyse de la chimiluminescence,. . . ) application aux flammes laminaires etirees a contre-courant." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066528.
Повний текст джерелаVarea, Emilien. "Experimental analysis of laminar spherically expanding flames." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800616.
Повний текст джерелаGiarracca, Lucia. "Impact of lignocellulosic biofuels on NOx formation in premixed laminar flames." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R059/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to investigate the role of oxidation of lignocellulosic biofuels in the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flames. The biofuels chosen are furan (F) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). This thesis enabled to acquire a detailed experimental database in order to test the kinetic mechanisms available in literature of the oxidation of these biofuels as well as to evaluate their ability to predict the formation of CH, the key species on the prompt-NO mechanism. Six premixed low-pressure laminar flames (5.3 kPa) were studied under two equivalent ratio conditions (1,0 et 1,2). Three fuels are considered: (i) pure methane, which is used as a reference flame, (ii) a F (50%)/methane (50%) mixture, and (iii) THF (50%)/methane (50%) in order to evaluate the impact of these biofuels on NOx formation. The structure of these flames was characterized by establishing the mole fraction profiles of stable intermediates and products using gas chromatography coupled with FID/TCD/MS detectors. The mole fraction profiles of NO and CH radical were detected by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The experimental results show that the different molecular structures of these cyclic ethers leads to significant differences in the formation of intermediate species and pollutants. Thus, F oxidation promotes the CH formation and then the NO with respect to methane and THF. The experimental profiles were compared with the simulated profiles using two detailed kinetic models. The preliminary modeling study indicates that the studied mechanisms require some improvements on the prediction of CH formation before to consider the introduction of a sub-mechanism on nitrogen Chemistry
Albin, Eric. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique des flammes turbulentes : comparaison DNS-EEM-Expériences." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557908.
Повний текст джерелаKeita, Mamady. "Modeling of soot particles nucleation from combustion processes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10145.
Повний текст джерелаTo better control soot particles emission and minimize their health and environmental effects, it is crucial to better understand their formation mechanisms in particularly combustion processes. The first step of these particulates matter formation is their precursors PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) formation, followed by the nucleation process which links the gas-phase (PAH chemistry) and solid-phase (particles). In the first part of this work, we developed a new detailed chemical kinetic mechanism describing accurately both low and high-temperature ignition and combustion of a wide range of liquid transportation and laboratory fuels as well as the formation of PAH up to coronene, suspected to be major soot precursors. In the second part of this work, a sectional soot model is used with the developed kinetic mechanism in order to investigate soot particles nucleation mechanisms in reproducing experimental data tendencies (soot volume fractions and particles diameters). This couple of kinetic and soot models is run on the detailed kinetic solver Cantera in order to solve both the gas and disperse solid phases in steady laminar flame conditions. The soot model used with the developed detailed kinetic mechanism is validated over premixed laminar methane, ethylene and n-butane flames at various equivalence ratios. Homomolecular and Heteromolecular dimerizations of modest size of PAHs from pyrene to coronene (mass of monomer ranging from 200 to 300 amu) have been considered for particle nucleation modeling
Vallinayagam, pillai Subramanian. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente : application des méthodes de tabulation de la chimie détaillée l'allumage forcé." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe optimization of the ignition process is a crucial issue in the design of many combustion systems. Large eddy simulation (LES) of a conical shaped bluff-body turbulent non-premixed burner has been performed to study the impact of spark location on ignition success. The chemistry part of the simulation is done using tabulated detailed chemistry approach. This burner was experimentally investigated by Ahmed et al at Cambridge (UK). The present work focuses on the case without swirl for which detailed measurements are available. First, cold fkow measurements of velocities and mixture fraction are compared with their LES counterparts, to assess the prediction capabilities of simulations in terms of flow and turbulent mixing. Time history of velocities and mixture fraction are recorded at selected spots, to probe the resolved probability density function (pdf) of flow variables, in an attempt to reproduce, from the knowledge of LES resolved instantaneous flow conditions, the experimentally observed reasons of success or failure of spark ignition. A flammability map is also constructed from the resolved mixture fraction pdf and compared with its experimental counterpart. LES of forced ignition is then performed using flamelet fully detailed tabulated chemistry combined with presumed pdfs (PCM-FPI). Various scenarios of flame kernel development are analyzed and correlated with typical flow conditions observed in this burner. The correlations between velocities and mixture fraction values at the sparking time and the success or failure of ignition are then further discussed and analysed. The rate of flame development during successful or unsuccessful ignition events are analysed and compared against experimental observations. Finally, from asymptotic flame analysis, a novel approach has been proposed to include flame straining effects in the PCM-FPI method developped at CORIA-CNRS. The new model overcomes the problem associated with classical PCM-FPI closure to model kernel quenching due to intense local turbulence. Computations are done including the flame straining effects and the effect brought by the new model on kernel development is analysed in detail
Detomaso, Nicola. "Simulation aux grandes échelles de la combustion à volume constant : modélisation numérique des flammes turbulentes en expansion dans les mélanges non homogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP034.
Повний текст джерелаClassical gas turbine thermodynamic cycle has undergone no major changes over the last decades and the most important efficiency improvements have been obtained reducing thermal losses and raising the overall pressure ratio and peak temperature. Despite the efforts in research and development aiming at enhancing especially combustion chambers performances, current technologies may fall short of complying the increasingly stringent environmental constraints. Consequently, a technological breakthrough is essential to shape the future of thermal engines. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) emerges as one of the most promising solutions, introducing new thermodynamic cycles where, unlike the Brayton cycle, pressure increases across the combustion process. This can lead to a lower entropy raise, benefiting the overall cycle efficiency.Several PGC concepts are currently studied by the combustion community, ranging from deflagration, such as constant volume combustion (CVC), to detonation, including Rotating Detonation Combustion (RDC) and Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE). Numerical simulation is used to assess the performance of these systems as well as better understand their behavior for improvements before performing experimental tests. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has assumed an increasingly significant role in combustion science thanks to its high capability in capturing reacting flows. However, with the increasing complexity of combustion systems, advanced physical models are crucial to ensure predictive simulations.In this work, constant volume combustion technology is assessed and the main numerical challenges posed by these combustion systems are scrutinized. Ignition, high pressure combustion, dilution, flame-turbulence interaction, flame-stretch effects, heat fluxes are just part of the physics that CVC systems encompass and their interplay leads to complex physical phenomena that have to be modeled. The numerical models developed in this work are primarily scrutinized in simple test cases and then applied in complete 3D LES framework to compute the constant volume combustion chamber CV2, operated at Pprime laboratory (Poitiers, France).First, novel boundary conditions, based on NSCBC formalism, are derived from nozzle theory to mimic intake and exhaust valve effects. With this strategy no moving part is introduced in the LES and the flow properties are imposed both at the inlet and the outlet of these valves-controlled systems.Second, a two-step chemistry for propane/air mixtures is derived for multiple pressure, temperature and composition of fresh gases. The chemical kinetics is optimized for different concentration of dilutants, composed by burnt products such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. Like piston engines, constant volume chambers operate cyclically and each combustion event is affected by the residual burnt gases coming from previous cycles. For this reason, a numerical model to detail the local composition of diluted flammable mixtures is proposed to provide all the fresh gas information required by the kinetics and the combustion model. Based on a generalization of the classical Thickened Flame (TF) model, a new combustion model, the Stretched-Thickened Flame (S-TF) model, is developed to overcome the TF model limitations in predicting stretch effects on the laminar flame burning velocity. This is crucial to well capture transient events of propagating flames, which are fundamental in CVCs.Eventually, the ignition modeling is assessed and the Energy Deposition model is coupled with the S-TF model by tracking the kernel size in time.The models developed in this thesis are then applied to the CV2 chamber, highlighting their positive impact in capturing the unsteady physics involved in such systems
Larabi, Hakim. "Vers la modélisation multi-composants des flammes de spray Formalism for spatially averaged consumption speed considering spherically expanding flame configuration." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR20.
Повний текст джерелаUntil recently, automotive and aeronautical engines were designed to operate with fossil fuels. To better meet the economic and environmental challenges of the modern world and of the energy transition, alternative fuels are developed and tested. They are used to replaceconventional fuels or as a blend to achieve the desired thermo-chemical properties. However, the impact of these new fuels on the performance of combustion chambers remains partially known. From this perspective, high-fidelity simulations of turbulent combustion of alternative fuels can be reached only if a detailed multi-component description of the liquid and gas mixtures is considered. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the unsteady modeling of spray flames where complex multi-component phenomena occur : differential evaporation, multi-species mixing, gas phase chemical reactions. To this aim, the fuel is treated as a set of multi-component mixtures, which may be different in the liquid and gas phases depending on the required accuracy. Different models for the aforementioned phenomena are available in the literature, and the main challenge is the coupling of these different approaches and their validation in realistic and complex conditions. First, the chosen multi-component approach for the gas phase, based on the transport of a large number of species and on finite-rate chemistry, is validated for premixed flames. The expanding spherical flame configuration was chosen to study the flame consumption speed, which is an important parameter in combustion. In collaboration with the experimental team at the CORIA laboratory, a flame consumption speed formalism is established for non-confined and confined spherical expanding flames. This formalism enables to have a precise comparison of experimental and numerical results for methane/air and iso-octane/air flames and to validate the gas phase models. Second, we focused on the physical process of evaporation. The multi-component evaporation model of Abramzon-Sirignano is implemented in the YALES2 flow solver based on a point-particle approach for the fuel droplets. This model is adapted to enable the description of single- or multi-component evaporation with or without differential evaporation. As such, the model is capable of dealing with various fuel surrogates. The evaporation model is compared to the Spalding model and validated on experimental results of Chauveau et al. [33], Nomura et al. [158], Ghassemi et al. [82] and Daïf et al. [47] for a single component droplet and then two-component isolated droplet with and without convection. Finally, the 3D Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of a complex n-heptane/air spray flame is conducted with analytical reduced chemistry (ARC, [169, 205]). This flame was experimentally studied at the CORIA laboratory with high fidelity diagnostics to characterize the flame structure and provide quantitative data such as gas-phase velocity and temperature as well as local droplet size and velocity distributions. Comparison with the experimental data [225] and with the simulations carried out within the framework of the 6th Workshop on Turbulent Combustion of Spray, shows that the current LES accurately reproduce the gas flow and properties of the dispersed phase. This configuration paves the way for the simulation of even more complex spray flames with multi-component fuels
Duarte, Max. "Méthodes numériques adaptatives pour la simulation de la dynamique de fronts de réaction multi-échelles en temps et en espace." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667857.
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