Дисертації з теми "Flame retardant materials"
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Yang, Yunxian. "Bio-based flame retardant for sustainable building materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668530.
Повний текст джерелаLos materiales de base biológica ofrecen una alternativa prometedora para aplicaciones en el sector de la construcción, debido a que se trata de materiales biodegradables, renovables y de baja toxicidad. Sin embargo, su capacidad de inflamar y la necesidad de mantener un bajo riesgo frente a incendios en los edificios es un factor esencial para restringir su posterior aplicación. Esta tesis se ha centrado en el desarrollo de materiales de base biológica con buen comportamiento frente al fuego y la investigación de los mecanismos de los retardantes de llama involucrados. La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas que se detallan a continuación. 1) Partiendo del concepto de base biológica, se seleccionaron PA y THAM como materias primas para sintetizar un nuevo retardante de llama y la estructura química se confirmó mediante la caracterización del compuesto resultante. Posteriormente, este producto sintético PA-THAM se empleó como un retardante de llama eficiente para PLA mediante mezcla fundida. Este sistema binario mostró una mejora en la resistencia al fuego, que se logró mediante una combinación de los efectos de transferencia de calor, ligera dilución y acción barrera. Por ejemplo, con sólo un 3% en peso de carga de PA-THAM se logró un valor de LOI de 25,8% del compuesto de PLA y un nivel UL 94 V-0, así como una capacidad de autoextinción significativa. Además, la viscosidad fundida del biocompuesto también se redujo en relación a la del PLA puro debido a la lubricación ejercida por el PA-THAM. Por otro lado, la adición del retardante ocasionó pocos cambios en las propiedades mecánicas. 2) El retardante basado en PA-THAM y la fracción fina obtenida triturando la médula de maíz (OCC) se combinaron mediante modificación in situ y se usaron para preparar un biocompuesto basado en PLA. La médula de maíz fue modificada con éxito con el PA-THAM, la cual cosa se demostró por SEM / EDS, FTIR y TGA, el efecto de PA-THAM sobre la estabilidad térmica y el comportamiento al fuego del material compuesto a base de PLA también fueron investigados. La adición de 5 phr de PA-THAM permitió a este biocompuesto reforzado con fibras naturales (NPC) alcanzar una temperatura 50 °C más alta en el punto de degradación máximo comparado con la muestra de control sin aditivo. También se obtuvo una mejora en el comportamiento al fuego con un aumento del valor de LOI, una reducción del pico máximo del ritmo de liberación de calor (PHRR), y una mayor formación de residuo carbonizado. El mecanismo ignífugo predominante se centró en el efecto sinérgico del PA-THAM y la OCC que ocurrió en la fase condensada. Además, el mismo nivel de introducción de PA-THAM mejoró la afinidad interfacial entre PLA y OCC que también mantuvo buenas propiedades mecánicas. 3) Se prepararon muestras de un material de aislamiento térmico de base biológica a partir de médula de maíz, alginato y retardantes de llama de origen biológico. La adición del retardante de llama de base biológica logró mejorar significativamente el comportamiento al fuego, y el fenómeno de combustión sin llama (smouldering). En comparación con la muestra de referencia, el panel aislante con una carga de 8% en peso de una mezcla de PA-THAM y una sal de borato de sodio (DOT) aumentó la temperatura inicial a la que se produce la combustión sin llama en 70 ºC y, permitió reducir el valor de PHRR en un 25.5%. Además, la conductividad térmica apenas se vio afectada, mientras que la temperatura a la que se produce el valor máximo de degradación térmica aumentó notablemente. El análisis del mecanismo de acción de los retardantes reveló la existencia de un efecto sinérgico de ambos retardantes de llama, que promovió la formación de una capa de carbonización más estable en la etapa inicial.
Prieur, Benjamin. "Modified lignin as flame retardant for polymeric materials." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10083/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD is to contribute to the valorization of lignin, an abundant byproduct of pulping industry by using it as flame retardant (FR) additive for polymeric materials. First, phosphorylation of lignin was undertaken. According to structural characterization, phosphorus was found to be covalently bonded to lignin. As a consequence, the thermal stability of lignin was enhanced as well as the char yield. Based on these results, both neat and phosphorylated lignin were incorporated in several polymers in order to assess their FR performance and the influence of phosphorus. Promising results were especially obtained in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Then FR performance of formulations combining lignins and other additives was discussed. A large screening using lignin as FR additive in PLA and ABS was therefore achieved. The system considering phosphorylated lignin in ABS was finally investigated in detail. FR performance as well as thermal degradation were deeply studied. Lignin produces a char when exposed to a flame or a heat source which acts as a physical layer by mainly limiting mass transfers between the burning polymer and the flame. The char produced by phosphorylated lignin demonstrated a higher efficiency, thus leading to enhanced FR properties. Phosphorus was indeed active in the condensed phase, promoting the char formation and leading to structures which stabilize the char. The mode of action of lignin and phosphorylated lignin as flame retardant additive in ABS was elucidated
Owen, Steven Robert. "Antimony oxide compounds for flame retardant ABS polymer." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27210.
Повний текст джерелаMulcahy, Ciara(Ciara Renee). "Analysis of patent data for flame-retardant plastics additives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131011.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-35).
Plastics are commercially produced by selecting a polymer resin and incorporating chemical additives to affect specific mechanical, chemical or aesthetic properties of the plastic products. The number of possible combinations of polymers and additives yields an enormous engineering space to meet the design requirements of the many applications of plastic materials. However, the broad scope of plastics science hinders both the invention of new plastics formulations and efforts to investigate potentially harmful polymer resins and plastic additives. In this thesis, a method of representing and analyzing the claims section of patents is presented and applied to a set of patents that refer to flame retardants. The claims section of a patent is presented as a graph, with individual claims as points and references between claims as lines connecting those points.
The chemical terms mentioned in the text of each of the claims were split into individual words or short sequences of words, called "tokens", by an existing materials tokenizer that had been trained on scientific journal articles. The term frequency - inverse document frequency (tf-idf) statistic for each token within each claim was computed, using the entire claims section of the individual patent to calculate the document frequency. Each claim was attributed the tokens that had tf-idf scores greater than the highest-scoring term shared with a claim to which that claim referred. By researcher inspection, this method served to extract relevant chemical terms, while omitting words that did not contribute to the chemical relevance of the claim or patent as a whole. A visualization of these labelled graphs of the claims was generated.
This reduced, graphical representation of materials patents could be implemented to aid in researcher review or computational tasks to survey for chemical components or resin-additive compatibilities. Such a representation of patent data could make the prioritization and review of commercial chemicals a more tractable task.
by Ciara Mulcahy.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Sharzehee, Maryam. "The use of urea condensates as novel flame retardant materials." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15232/.
Повний текст джерелаDemir, Hasan Ülkü Semra. "Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000514.rar.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Jiacheng. "Fabrication, Synthesis, and Characterization of Flame Retardant and Thermally Stable Materials: Flame Retardant Coating for Polyurethane Foam and Fused-ring Benzo-/naphthoxazines." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491229961956675.
Повний текст джерелаHapuarachchi, Tharindu Dhanushka. "Development and characterisation of flame retardant nanoparticulate bio-based polymer composites." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/532.
Повний текст джерелаAnderton, Edwyn Christopher Morgan. "Relationships between polymer-additive molecular structure and intumescent flame retardant behaviour." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1990. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19277/.
Повний текст джерелаGaffen, Joshua R. "Functional Main Group Materials: From Flame Retardant Ions (FRIONs) for Lithium-Ion Batteries to Polymeric Oxaphospholes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1513801198165435.
Повний текст джерелаShan, Fei Shan. "SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON HIGH PERFORMANCE FLAME RETARDANT OF THIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED POLYBENZOXAZINE AND POLYBENZOXAZINE-LAPONITE NANOCOMPOSITE CONTAINING HIGH NANOFILLER CONTENT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522861786561848.
Повний текст джерелаKrause, John D. "Generation of carbon dioxide and mobilization of antimony trioxide by fungal decomposition of building materials." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001086.
Повний текст джерелаPrice, Erik Joshua. "EXTREME-ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION USING MACROMOLECULAR COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1617027732923331.
Повний текст джерелаStubbings, William Andrew. "Extent and mechanisms of brominated and chlorinated flame retardant emissions associated with the treatment of waste electronics, furnishings and building materials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6522/.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Zheng [Verfasser], Manfred H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, Manfred H. [Gutachter] Wagner, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Schartel. "Flame retardant materials based on BDM/DBA resin and organic-inorganic additives / Zheng Wang ; Gutachter: Manfred H. Wagner, Bernhard Schartel ; Betreuer: Manfred H. Wagner." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156177839/34.
Повний текст джерелаZanelli, Vincenzo. "Sviluppo di materiali ritardanti di fiamma per usi industriali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3137.
Повний текст джерелаGli incendi ogni anno provocano danni ingenti, la morte di numerose persone ed enormi perdite economiche. Analizzando le statistiche si può vedere come il rapporto tra morti soffocati e morti carbonizzati arriva ad essere 5 a 1. L’attributo di ritardante è duplice: ha un valore temporale, cioè indica la possibilità di rallentare lo svilupparsi di fumo permettendo l’azione antincendio e l’evacuazione degli ambienti interessati dall’incendio; ha poi anche un significato spaziale indicando la possibilità di contenere l’incendio nell’ambiente in cui si è sviluppato evitandone il propagarsi. È possibile agire sulla natura dei materiali e degli elementi di separazione tra ambienti in modo che in caso di incendio possano ritardare l’incendio consentendo alle persone di salvarsi. Il presente lavoro di tesi, avente come scopo primo lo sviluppo di sistemi ritardanti di fiamma trasparenti, ha cercato di semplificare le composizioni dei sistemi attualmente usati e sviluppare processi con produttività maggiori di quelle attuali. Sono stati scelti i silicati alcalini idrati, ritenuti i materiali più interessanti a tale scopo dal punto di vista del rapporto prestazioni/prezzo. Inoltre essi sono completamente inorganici e non sviluppano alcuna sostanza tossica durante il riscaldamento, come invece accade per materiali alternativi a base polimerica. Lo studio di differenti composizioni di silicati alcalini e delle loro proprietà tramite tecniche come reometria, spettroscopia Raman, spettroscopia VIS, NMR in bassa risoluzione, ha permesso di ottenere una composizione con proprietà ritardanti di fiamma, testate in scala, che successivamente è stata utilizzata per realizzare un processo alternativo ad elevata produttività.
XXI Ciclo
1974
Tommey, Tyler. "Synthesis and Characterization of Free-acid Derivatives and Corresponding Ionomers of Poly(L-lactic acid)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596234685966831.
Повний текст джерелаUrbánek, Tomáš. "Studium chování izolačních materiálů na bázi organických vláken po zabudování do konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392336.
Повний текст джерелаSteinhaus, Thomas. "Determination of intrinsic material flammability properties from material tests assisted by numerical modelling." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3273.
Повний текст джерелаDuberg, Daniel. "Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) in building materials." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64604.
Повний текст джерелаGhincolov, Stefan <1992>. "[P=O]-containing compounds for applications in polymeric materials as flame retardants and markers." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18141.
Повний текст джерелаAllen, Jane. "The effect of hard water on the wash durability of flame retardant cotton fabrics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291750.
Повний текст джерелаBin, Sulayman Abdulhamid. "Novel Amine-Functionalized Phosphoryl Hydrazine Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resin Systems." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton154456772870177.
Повний текст джерелаJoseph, Paul. "Flame retardance in styrenic and acrylic polymers with covalently-bound phosphorus-containing groups." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364317.
Повний текст джерелаKosuri, Divya D'Souza Nandika Anne. "Polyethylene-layered double hydroxides and montmorillonite nanocomposites thermal, mechanical and flame retardance properties /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6087.
Повний текст джерелаKosuri, Divya. "Polyethylene-layered double hydroxide and montmorillonite nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical and flame retardance properties." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6087/.
Повний текст джерелаSchinazi, Gustavo. "Bio-Based Flame Retardation of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1605795004534958.
Повний текст джерелаZúñiga, Ruiz Camilo Javier. "Polybenzoxazine materials from renewable diphenolic acid." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128180.
Повний текст джерелаPolybenzoxazines are considered a new type of thermosetting phenolic resins whose synthesis is quite simple. Polybenzoxazines present unique features that make them promising candidates for various industrial applications including electronics, aerospace, composites, coatings, adhesives, and encapsulants manufacturing. Two new benzoxazine materials have been synthesized and polymerized from the renewable diphenolic acid. The diphenolic acid-based benzoxazine (DPA-Bz) enables the preparation of rigid foams as well as flame retardant counterparts through a self-induced foaming process. For the methylester derivative benzoxazine (MDP-Bz), fiberglass reinforced materials were obtained with flame retardancy properties. Moreover, by adding neat carbon nanotubes, nanocomposite materials were prepared with low percolation threshold and improved thermal and fire properties.
Rabe, Sebastian [Verfasser], Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schartel, Bernhard [Gutachter] Schartel, and Reinhard [Gutachter] Schomäcker. "High throughput modules for performance and mechanism assessment of flame retardants in polymeric materials / Sebastian Rabe ; Gutachter: Bernhard Schartel, Reinhard Schomäcker ; Betreuer: Bernhard Schartel." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156010780/34.
Повний текст джерелаOgbomo, Sunny Minister. "Processing, structure property relationships in polymer layer double hydroxide multifunctional nanocomposites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12174/.
Повний текст джерелаMlynářová, Jana. "Vývoj izolačních materiálů na bázi druhotných textilních vláken nižší kvality." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433614.
Повний текст джерелаKamath, Manjeshwar Ganeshaq. "Flame Retardant Mattress Pads." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/56.
Повний текст джерелаChang, Ssu-Yao, and 章思堯. "The flame retardant thermoplastic materials prepared with Expandable Graphite." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25299597295830628924.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程研究所
89
Abstract The use of expandable graphite (EG) with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and acrylonitrile-butydiene-styrene polymer (ABS) to make the flame retardant material with a low smoke emission is studied. From the test results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94, it is obtained that all three thermoplastics can have LOI greater that 26 and reach the V-0 grade of UL-94 with the addition of EG (30 parts per hundred, phr) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP, 5~10 phr). The formulated materials also have good mechanical properties. However, the impact strength of ABS is significantly decreased by the use of EG because of lacking of adhesion strength between ABS and EG. The surface treatment of EG with silane and zircoaluminate coupling agent do not result in promising improvement in mechanical strength of ABS. (Keywords: flame retardant, expandable graphite, UL-94, ABS, PP, HDPE)
Diemont, Anthony Jan. "High temperature fabrics and flame retardant finishes for the theatre." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12345744.html.
Повний текст джерела"Carbonaceous Nanomaterials as Flame Retardant Coating on Fabric." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50546.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2018
Chen, Shih-Wen, and 陳詩雯. "The study of environmental protection materials in flame-retardant laminates containing phosphorous epoxy." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fsd9su.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程學系
93
In the era of electronic products change with each passing day, the periods of developing electronic products and life cycles of electronic products are shortened dramatically. In addition, along with the arousal of environmental consciousness, green products, including Print Circuit Board, have drawn people’s close attention worldwide. Japan takes environmental consciousness seriously, especially in communication and electronic industries. Hence PCB manufacturers have faced critical challenge. Ordinarily, PCB contains haloid flame-retardant, which would produce carcinogenic gas such as dioxin and benzofuran if inflamed in impropriate temperature. This toxic gas could cause air pollution and endanger human, then affect environmental protection indirectly. Therefore, the paper proposed here analyses effects of diverse flame-retardants, fill-ers and additives and their characteristics. The experiment shows that the amount of inorganic phosphorus in inorganic filler affects the pyrolysis temperature of that specific material. We also prove that more oxygen inorganic filler contains the better for oxide could increase insulation performance. And this will result to better dimensional stability, rigidity, workability, flame-retardant and electric performance. For this reason, halogen-free laminates could totally replace ordinary laminates in performance or process and thereby convert PCB into environmental electronic products.
Lin, Wen-Yi, and 林文義. "Preparation and Physical Properties of Polyamide/Halogen-Free Flame Retardant/Inorganic Materials Nanocomposites." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95773857215928092848.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
98
Abstract In this study, polyamide/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic materials nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending to investigate the flame retarded effect of nanocomposites. The additive of halogen-free flame retardant in the polyamide matrix can improve its flame retarded property. Various inorganic fillers, such as montmorillonite, talc, mica, glass fiber, are added into the polyamide matrix for the purpose of reduction of content of halogen-free flame retardant which is more expensive than the inorganic filler. Therefore, adoping inorganic filler into halogen-free flame retardant can reduce the cost. In the result of limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polyamide nanocomposites, the addition of halogen-free flame retardant into polyamide 6 matrix increases its LOI, and employing montmorillonite in the polyamide 6/halogen-free flame retardant composites further increases the LOI. For polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposites, the LOI increases with the increase of halogen-free flame retardant and inorganic fillers. For the polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposites with 3 phr of clay or talc, their LOI are both 30.2. The LOI of polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposite with 3 phr is 28.7. TGA results of polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposite shows that the addition of /halogen-free flame retardant and inorganic filler delays the degradation of polyamide 66. Therefore, inorganic filler, either clay or talc, the polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposites show the highest LOI. Furthermore, the glass fiber was melt blended with polyamide 66/halogen-free flame retardant/inorganic nanocomposites, and their LOI increase along with the addition of glass fiber. With the addition of glass fiber at 30 wt % in the polyamide 66 nanocomposites N6,6/FA/T3 and N6,6/FA/C3, their LOI are 32.2 and 34.8, respectively. Therefore, increasing of glass fiber in the polyamide 66 nanocomposites results in the increase of LOI. The glass fibers were found to be pulled out from polyamide 66 matrix as observed in the fracture surface of field emission scaning electron micscope. In the FESEM image of fracture surface, the surface of glass fiber is rough, because the halogen-free flame retardant and talc improve the adhesion between polyamide 66 and glass fiber. In the result of dynamic mechanical analysis, the storage modulus at 40℃ increases from 1.42 × 109 to 1.65 × 109, an increase of 16 %, for addition of 15 wt % of halogen-free flame retardant and 3 phr talc in polyamide 66. Further, for N66/FA15/T3 systems, the storage modulus at 40℃ increases from 1.42 × 109 to 2.30 × 109, an increase of 62.0 %, for the addition of 30 wt % of glass fiber in polyamide 66.
Mercimek, Hatice. "Effect of Chemicals and Binders on the Durability of Flame Retardant Treated Cotton Nonwovens." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/647.
Повний текст джерелаLaufer, Galina 1985. "Layer-by-Layer Nanocoatings with Flame Retardant and Oxygen Barrier Properties: Moving Toward Renewable Systems." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148355.
Повний текст джерела鄭偉宏. "Study on the Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate copolymer add Nitrogen Phosphorus Flame Retardant and Its Composite Materials." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65975550988098823119.
Повний текст джерела臺北市立教育大學
自然科學系碩士班
97
Abstract Our laboratory used the linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and commercial nitrogen phosphorus flame retardant intumescent agent JLS-PNPl and organic clay and zinc borate that Association retardant, expect to produce the low smoke , halogen-free and Flame Retardant polymer composite materials, and we analyse their inter-molecular force, thermal properties, the nature of combustion and mechanical properties of materials. Experimental results show that polymeric materials to achieve good flame retardant effect, Mg(OH)2 need to add more than 50%, but the Mg(OH)2 is poor compatibility between the polymer will make polymer mechanical properties of materials substantially reduced,the surface improved Mg(OH)2 can be improved the compatibility between polymeric materials problems. The compatibility retardant of nitrogen phosphorus flame retardant department intumescent agent JLS-PNP1is better than the Mg(OH)2, more than 20% of the amount JLS-PNP1 added can have very good flame retardant effect, but we considering the size of polymer materials,to add more than 25% of the volume of JLS-PNP1 is the best, but price of JLS-PNP1 is too expensive, so we use other flame retardant agents with JLS-PNP1, and we found that JLS-PNP1 mixed with clay (kaolin and montmorillonite) especially the organic clay (kaolin and OMMT) could reduce the volume of JLS-PNP1 and mechanical properties too much.
yuan, ching-yao, and 袁敬堯. "The Preparation and Properties of Silica-Containing Nano Materials by Sol-Gel Method:(1)Porous Materials Using Ionic Liquids as Solvent (2) Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on PEG/Polysilsesquioxanes (3) Flame Retardant Phosphazene/Silica-Containing PMMA." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18215511659654516297.
Повний текст джерела中原大學
化學研究所
91
This research is to investigate three kinds of new novel silicon-containing nano-materials prepared via sol-gel method. It is divided into three parts. Part 1. Preparation of mesoporous materials using ionic liquids as solvents and templates This part included three sections: Section 1: In this section, a new methodology, without the supercritical drying step, has been developed by using ionic liquids as solvents to prepare silica aerogels and organosilica aerogels via sol-gel reactions of tetramethylorthosilicate, bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene, respectively. In addition, the modification agents, NH2(CH2)3Si(OMe)3, NH2CH2CH2NH(CH2)3Si(OMe)3, CH3Si(OMe)3 and C6H5Si(OMe)3, have been successfully incorporated into the silica and the organosilica aerogel matrixes on a molecular level. The synthetic conditions have been systematically studied and optimized. For all the aerogels prepared above, their pore structures have been studied in detail by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurement. The relationship between the ionic liquid concentration and the pore parameters has been established. The results indicated that all the aerogels prepared in the study exhibit type IV isotherms and mesoporosity with a pore surface area larger than 600m2/g and pore volume over 2cm3/g. The surface areas and the pore volumes of all the modified aerogels decrease with increasing the content of the modification agent. It was found that the amino group modified aerogels were good absorbents for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The efficiency of the absorption was as high as 99%. The alkyl group modified aerogels have lower water wettability than the unmodified aerogels. With meso-sized pore structure the aerogels are also anticipated to be used as catalyst support, host for enzymes and other proteins, and material for controlled drug delivery. Section 2: The nano-structured mesoporous photocatalysts, titania and silica-titania binary have also been successfully synthesized by using ionic liquids as template (or pore-forming agent) via sol-gel reactions of tetrabutyl titanate alone and with tetraethylorthosilicate, respectively, followed by removing the ionic liquids by extraction with acetonitrile. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that both the as-prepared mesoporous TiO2 and the mesoporous SiO2-TiO2 binary systems have anatase structures. The BET results showed that both have high surface area (500~800 m2/g) and large diameter of skeletal particles (20~50nm). Section 3: A new cationic surfactant, 1-methyl-hexadecane-imidazole bromide synthesized from 1-methylimidazole and 1-bromohexadecane, was used as template to prepare the mesoporous silica MCM-41. Periodic arrangement of mesoscopically ordered pores with 2-d hexagonal symmetry was observed by TEM micrograph and X-ray diffraction. The BET measurement of the MCM-41 showed that the surface area was as high as 1200m2/g, the total pore volume was 1.048cm3/g and the pore diameter was 27.8 Å, though no micropore volume was found. Part 2 Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Low Molecular Weight Poly (ethylene glycol)s-Bridged Polysilsesquioxane Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes via Sol-Gel Process A new class of ionic conducting organic/inorganic hybrid composite electrolyte with high conductivity, better electrochemical stability and mechanical behavior was prepared through the sol-gel reaction between ethylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane and poly (ethylene glycol). The composite electrolyte with 0.05 LiClO4 per poly(ethylene glycol) repeat unit has the best conductivity of up to 10-4 Scm-1 at room temperature with the transference number up to 0.48 and the electrochemical stability window as high as 5.5V vs. Li/Li+. Moreover, the effect of the PEG chain length on the properties of composite electrolyte has been analyzed. The interactions between ions and polymer in the composite electrolyte in the presence of LiClO4 have been investigated by means of FT-IR, DSC and TGA measurements. The results demonstrated that the interactions of Li+ ions with the ether oxygen of the PEG, and the formation of transient cross-links with LiClO4 resulted in an increase in Tg. The VTF-type behavior of ionic conductivity with temperature implied that the diffusion of charge carrier was assisted by the segmental motions of the polymer chains. Part 3 Preparation and Properties of Novel Flame Retardant Materials based on Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Silicon for PMMA by Sol-Gel Technique A free-OH-contained cyclotriphosphazene, N3P3(OC6H4OH)6, HPP, has been synthesized and incorporated with various amount of silica and PMMA to form hybrids by sol-gel technique. The characterization and properties of the hybrids were investigated by FTIR, solid-state 29Si NMR, TGA, DSC, LOI and SEM/EDX measurements. The results indicated that the hybrids were well-hybridized, transparent materials caused by the formation of the covalent bonding between HPP and silica and the hydrogen bonding between the unreacted hydroxyl group on HPP/SiO2 and the carbonyl groups of PMMA polymer. The thermal degradation temperature up to above 300oC and LOI value up to 39 were obtained, indicating that compared to PMMA, the thermal stability and the flame retardancy of the hybrids with proper ratio of HPP and SiO2 were greatly improved.
Lin, Meng-Yi, and 林孟毅. "Phosphorus as a flame retardant polyurethane coating of composite material." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96922683957371486435.
Повний текст джерела國防大學理工學院
化學工程碩士班
100
In this study, water-based polyurethane (polyurethane) synthesized phosphorus as a flame retardant coating. The past, fire-retardant coating multi-halogen flame retardant factor, but also caused a lot of toxins and pollution. By the improved phosphorus compounds reactive polyurethane resin, flame-retardant coating, not only to avoid toxins, and effective suppression of material from the ignition, and to improve the flash point of the substrate, the delayed timing of fire occurred. Phosphorus water-based polyurethane as the characteristics of flame-retardant coating, developed in various proportions, the degree of fire resistance of fire retardant paint, and have complied with the requirements of national standards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis of identification of polymer structure and properties. By using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the combustion process and cracking phenomena. LOI value of national standards CNS-7614 specifications and UL-94V flame specification to determine the extent of the polymer of the flame and flame-retardant effect. Finally, the storage effect and anti-corrosion properties of high temperature aging test and salt spray test to test their products. Follow-up the use of phosphorus-containing polyurethane and then blended with carbon black and Zeolite higher flame test results show that its flame retardant properties of composite materials not only had an additive effect, but to play a greater military equipment. It enables the product of this study can be used in military units, as well as consumer goods on a variety of coatings applications.
Varela, Guerrero Victor. "Nanoporous Materials for Carbon Dioxide Separation and Storage." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9269.
Повний текст джерелаWeng, Hsuan-Chi, and 翁亘琪. "Studies on Waterproof and Permeability of Water-Borne Polyurethane Materials with Phosphorus-Containing Reactive Flame Retardants." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nns4z2.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
102
In this study, a series of reactive flame retardants of water-borne polyurethane were prepared from polyether polyol (polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and polyester polyol (polybutylene adipate (PBA)) prepolymers. The PEG and PBA behaved as a soft segment in the polyurethane backbones. Aliphatic isocyanate hydrogenated (diphenylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI)) was used as a hard segment. Dihydroxy methyl propionic acid (DMPA) with carboxylic acid functional group, Triethylamin(TEA), and nitrogen-phosphorus based flame retardants of FRC-6 and phosphorus based flame retardants of DOPO-HQ were incorporated into the reactive flame retardant of water-borne polyurethane as an internal emulsifier, neutralizer agent, and the chain extending agent, respectively. The water-borne polyurethane with flame retardant was added with isocyanate cross-linking agent (FTC: NCO-J or BAYER: NCO-G), and then was coated on the fabric whose peeling strength, waterproof and permeability, and flame retardant properties were investigated. First the water-borne polyurethane with different ratios of flame retardant were synthesized, and then was cross-linked with add different kinds of cross-linking agent. FTIR and NMR were used for structural characterization, and FTIR was also used for the study on the molecular interaction forces between the cross-linking agent and the flame retardant of the water-borne polyurethane. TGA and DSC were used to investigate the properties of the film. The water-borne polyurethane with reactive flame retardant was coated on fabrics, and then the interface between the polyurethane coating and the fabrics was investigated by FE-SEM. The peeling strength, waterproof and water vapor permeability were then studied subsequently. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) tester and CPAI-84 were applied to characterize the flame retardant ability of reactive flame retardant water-borne polyurethane. The intermolecular force between polyurethane and the fabric were found to be hydrogen bonding and cross-linking based on FTIR spectra. TGA results showed that the degradation temperature decreased and the char yield increased as the flame retardant content increased whether in nitrogen or air atmosphere. Reactive flame retardant water-borne polyurethane with NCO-G cross-linking agent owned the best film thermal stability and flame retardant properties. The 13FREG added G-5% cross-linking agent had great peeling strength according to the peeling test and FE-SEM morphology. The EG and 13FREG added NCO-G cross-linking agent had better degree of waterproof and water vapor permeability. The 20FREG G-5% had the best flame retardaning properties with the Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) values of 27.5 and the char length is as long as 90mm.
Xu, Wan-Yu, and 徐婉瑜. "Studies on Low Smoke Free Halogen and Flame Retardant Material of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate polyblends." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9tkzj6.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
105
Traditional wire is using halogen materials such as poly vinyl chlorid,chloroprene rubber,chlorosulfonated polyethylene to achieve the flame controlled. These halogen materials will release Carbon monoxide,hydrogen chloride when burning. This study mainly adds smoke suppressants,Halogen-free flame retardants,fillers for reinforcement (POE-MA、LLDPE-MA) on matrix (EVA/LLDPE) by using two roll mill及banbury mixer. Flame retardant standard is higher than 30% in limiting oxygen index (LOI) and low smoke standard followed ASTM E662 which reached smoke density lower than 75 and 150 in 4min. and 20 min.. Mechanical properties followed ASTM D638 which reached tensile strength al least 1.2[kgf/mm^2] and elongation higher than 200%. LOI values measure by LOI. Compatibility between substrate(EVA/LL-DPE) and smoke suppressants、Halogen-free flame retardants、fillers for reinforcement (POE-MA、LLDPE-MA) were characterized by DSC and FE-SEM. Mechanical properties measured by Universal testing machine.Smoke density measure-ed by Smoke Density Chamber.
Chen, Ren-Jyun, and 陳仁均. "The Research of Characteristics of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene and Aluminum Phosphate Flame Retardants Material Added ZnMgAl Layered Double Hydroxides Oxygen." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9d7npv.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系
107
Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic resin with excellent properties such as easy processing, chemical resistance and good insulation. It is widely used in automobiles, electrical appliances, packaging and building materials and other industries. Because polypropylene (PP) is a flammable material, it is very easy to burn when it closes to the source of the fire. Therefore, it is necessary to add flame retardant to improve its flame retardant performance. In this study, we used maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as the matrix and the ZnMgAl Layered Double Hydroxide as the filling material, combined with environment-friendly inorganic flame retardants — aluminum phosphate (AHP) to process melt-mixed by brabender, and prepared ZnMgAl-LDHs/ AHP/PP-g-MA high molecular composite materials. Then XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, LOI and UL-94 tests were carried out to investigate the flame retardant properties of the composites. The XRD results indicated that ZnMgAl-NO3-LDHs synthesized by co-precipitation method have typical hydrotalcite characteristic peaks with good crystallinity and complete crystal structure. The SEM results show that the addition of the aluminum hypophosphite flame retardant and the layered dihydrogen compound can observe the formation of a continuous dense layer structure of the carbon layer, and the surface becomes flat and no holes are produced. The LOI and UL-94 results show that the LOI value is increased from 18% to 36% after adding 70wt% of ZnMgAl-NO3-LDHs to the composite. After adding 70wt% of aluminum phosphite flame retardant, the LOI value is increased from 18% to 42%, reaching the non-combustible level, the UL-94 test from NR to V-0 level.