Дисертації з теми "Fixed Wage"
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Pham, Tam Hong Thanh. "THE EFFECT OF MINIMUM WAGE ON U.S. LABOR PRODUCTIVITY 1997-2013: THE HIGHER, THE BETTER?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437424423.
Повний текст джерелаMancha, André Luiz Pereira. "Wage differential between statutory and CLT public employees." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24643.
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Since 1998 in the Public Administration there are statutory workers ('estatutários') and others hired by the CLT labor regime ('celetistas'). Thisfact occurs due the Constitutional Amendment number 19 , formulated that year, which has changed the article 39 of Brazilian Constitution. It allowed public entities to hire employees under CLT legislation. This situation lasted until 2007 when the Supreme Court of Brazil suspended such modification and so the original understanding of the Constitution was reestablished. This work intends to evaluate the wage differential between statutory and CLT employees by means of an econometric approach. Using a fixed effectsregression we have analyzed the impact of the labor regime upon public workers wages and using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition we quantified how much of such differential is due the labor regime and how much is due to the individual characteristics (education, tenure and others). There are evidences that CLT workers have in average wages R$ 310.00 lower than statutory. Controlling by occupation we also see a negative prize to CLT worker to all groups except by the High Skilled Workers that have a salary R$ 95.98 higher than the Statutory. Low Skilled Workers show the smallest differential (R$ 12.20) followed by Teachers and Researchers (R$ 85.27) and Technicians (R$ 97.11). The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that the largest part is not explained by endowments differences. The spending with wages and benefits to public employees is one of the main debates in the current scenario of fiscal adjustment facing the relevant increase of Public Debt in the last years. The Brazilian society has a perception that the Government has an excessive amount of workers and furthermore these onesreceive higher wages without a reasonable explanation when compared to similar occupations in private companies. At the end of 2017 the Brazilian Government presented an action plan to reduce the spending with wages and benefits of public employees. Among the proposals there were a decrease in the initial salary of public service and an increase in the public pension plan contribution.
Desde o ano de 1998 coexistem na Administração Direta, Autarquias e Fundações Públicas, funcionários públicos estatutários e 'celetistas'. Esta situação decorre da Emenda 19, a qual alterou o artigo 39 da Constituição e permitiu que estas entidades contratassem funcionários pela CLT. Essa situação perdurou até o ano de 2007, quando o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)suspendeu liminarmente (ADI 2135) a nova redação e dessa forma restaurou a situação original, válida atualmente. Este trabalho se propõe a medir a diferença no salário entre servidores públicos estatutários e celetistas por meio de uma abordagem econométrica. Utilizando uma regressão de efeitos fixos foi analisado o impacto do regime de trabalho sobre o salário dos servidores e por meio da decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder estimou-se quanto desta diferença decorre do regime de trabalho e quanto se deve às características dos indivíduos de cada grupo (escolaridade, experiência e outros). Há indícios de que os celetistas recebem um salário R$ 310.00 menor do que seus pares estatutários. Controlando os efeitos de cada profissão há um diferencial negativo para todas os celetistas exceto para os profissionais de alta qualificação os quais possuem um salário R$ 95.98 maior do que os estatutários. Com relação aos outros grupos, os profissionais de baixa qualificação apresentam o menor diferencial de salários (R$ 12.20) seguido por professores e pesquisadores (R$ 85.27) e técnicos (R$ 97.11). Na decomposição do diferencial a maior parte não decorre de diferenças nas características dos indivíduos de cada grupo. O impacto dos salários e benefícios de funcionários públicos sobre as contas públicas é um dos principais pontos debatidos dentre as propostas que englobam o plano de ajuste fiscal do Governo Brasileiro. A percepção atual da sociedade é que além do governo contar com um contingente significativo de servidores públicos, estes recebem maiores salários quando comparados a trabalhadores em atividades semelhantes na iniciativa privada. Nesse contexto o governo federal apresentou no final de 2017 uma série de medidas para adequação dos gastos com folha de pagamento de servidores públicos, dentre elas a redução do salário inicial e elevação da contribuição previdenciária destes trabalhadores.
Nagaraj, Eashwar. "Skilled Immigration and the Great Recession: A Panel Data Analysis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1578473970490175.
Повний текст джерелаSchanzer-Larsen, Arnold. "The effects of immigration on the income of native born workers: Evidence from Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54685.
Повний текст джерелаEtienne, Audrey. "Trois essais sur l'auto-sélection des salariés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0589.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis studies the effect of workers' self-selection when estimating productivity, wages and job quality differentials between sectors. In order to account for the self-selection of employees in the estimation of differentials along the wage distribution, we develop an innovative approach comprising three features: (i) we rely on unconditional quantile effects ; (ii) we incorporate quantile-specific fixed effects; (iii) we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias. This method allows to provide public policies relevant comparisons. We show first that the positive selection into public jobs tends to decline. It totally disappears among top earners in the recent period, suggesting the detrimental effect of nominal wage freeze. In the second paper, we unveil that there is a substantial negative selection into informal salary work for men on average and particularly at low wages. It arises in the wake of the Great Recession, pointing to a shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector. In the last paper, we account for employees' non-pecuniary motives in our comparison of the productivity of labour-managed firms and other for-profits company. We confirm for the recent period and on a large scale that the SCOP total factor productivity level is not significantly different from the other firms'. We find also results that support the hypothesis that employees non-pecuniary motives accounts for a substantial part of French labour-managed firms productivity in two of the three industries studied (manufacturing and transports)
Noujeim, Karam M. "Fixed-frequency beam-steerable leaky-wave antennas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0016/NQ45831.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCanning, Paul John. "Wave breaking on fixed impermeable and mobile permeable beaches." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246822.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Jin. "Fixed broadband wireless access systems at millimeter wave frequency." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436363.
Повний текст джерелаSpentza, Eirini. "Nonlinear wave interactions with fixed and floating bodies leading to unexpected wave impacts." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8987.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Noor Asif. "A broadband fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna based on transformation electromagnetics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59555.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
Chau, Fun Pang. "The second order velocity potential for diffraction of waves by fixed offshore structures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296841.
Повний текст джерелаDuarte, Ana da Conceição Gracias. "How do wages react to the business cycle? A microeconometric approach." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9448.
Повний текст джерелаThis study investigates the impact of the business cycle on real wages using a rich data set that matches each employee to an employer. The major innovation that this study brings to academic research is the use of two disaggregated variables as cyclical components: Job Finding Probability (JFP) and Job Separation Probability (JSP). Real wages react positively with the business cycle showing a procyclical behaviour. When JFP, JSP and the unemployment rate increase by 1 p.p., controlling for worker and firm heterogeneity, the real wage of a male worker that has an ongoing job, changes by 0.53%, -3.49% and -1.24% respectively. On the other hand, the real wage of a female worker changes by 0.42%, -0.43% and -0.85% with the same cyclical variables.
Harlander, Uwe. "On periodic solutions found in simple ocean models with fixed surface fluxes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213065.
Повний текст джерелаIn a recent paper Greatbatch and Zhang reported the finding of interdecadal oscillations in an idealized ocean basin forced by constant heat flux. This oscillation has many similarities to that found by Delworth et al. in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. We have used three simple models with fixed surface fluxes, a box model, a Welander-like loop model and a three-level three-dimensional ocean basin model, in order to compare mechanisms associated with interdecadal oscillations in these models. Our experiments with the basin model revealed the three-dimensional character of the oscillations in three-dimensional models. Self-sustained oscillations are associated with a reduction of the propagation speed of cold anomalies in the north-western corner of the model because of anomalous strong convection in that region. Then anomalous gyre circulation leads to the development of strong temperature anomalies. The extension of the period of strong (low) overturning in the three-dimensional (loop) model by some overcompensation mechanism is crucial for the occurrence of self-sustained oscillations. In conclusion we confirm Wintons view that fixed flux variability is not a meridional plane phenomenon related to loop oscillators
Cetintepe, Cagri. "Development Of Mems Technology Based Microwave And Millimeter-wave Components." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611618/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаpull-in, release and zipping phenomena are investigated. In particular, semi-empirical expressions are developed for the pull-in voltage with associated errors not exceeding 3.7 % of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) results for typical configurations. The shunt, capacitive-contact RF MEMS switch is designed in electromagnetic and mechanical domains for Ka-band operation. Switches fabricated in the first process run could not meet the design specifications. After identifying sources of relevant discrepancies, a design modification is attempted and re-fabricated devices are operated successfully. In particular, measured OFF-state return and insertion losses better than -16.4 dB and 0.27 dB are attained in 1-40 GHz. By applying a 20-25V actuation, ON-state resonances are tuned precisely to 35 GHz with an optimum isolation level of 39 dB.
Marzouk, Osama A. "Simulation, Modeling, and Characterization of the Wakes of Fixed and Moving Cylinders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26316.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Du, Chenguang. "How Well Can Two-Wave Models Recover the Three-Wave Second Order Latent Model Parameters?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103856.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
To collect and analyze the longitudinal data is a very important approach to understand the phenomenon of development in the real world. Ideally, researchers who are interested in using a longitudinal framework would prefer collecting data at more than two points in time because it can provide a deeper understanding of the developmental processes. However, in real scenarios, data may only be collected at two-time points. With only two-wave data, the second-order latent growth model (SOLGM) could not be used. The current dissertation compared the performance of two-wave models (longitudinal common factor model and latent change score model) with the three-wave SOLGM in order to better understand how the estimation quality of two-wave models could be comparable to the tree-wave model. The results show that on average, the estimation from two-wave models is identical to the ones from the three-wave model. So in real data analysis with only one sample, the point estimate by two-wave models should be very closed to that of the three-wave model. But this estimation may not be as accurate as it is obtained by the three-wave model when the latent variable has large variability in the first or last time point. This latent variable is more likely to exist as a statelike construct in the real world. Therefore, the current study could provide a reference framework for substantial researchers who could only have access to two-wave data but are still interested in estimating the growth effect that supposed to obtain by three-wave SOLGM.
Nikonov, Kirill [Verfasser]. "Partial wave analysis of eta meson photoproduction using fixed-t dispersion relations / Kirill Nikonov." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173194029/34.
Повний текст джерелаHarlander, Uwe. "On periodic solutions found in simple ocean models with fixed surface fluxes." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 4 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 2 (1996), S. 151-169, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15062.
Повний текст джерелаIn a recent paper Greatbatch and Zhang reported the finding of interdecadal oscillations in an idealized ocean basin forced by constant heat flux. This oscillation has many similarities to that found by Delworth et al. in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. We have used three simple models with fixed surface fluxes, a box model, a Welander-like loop model and a three-level three-dimensional ocean basin model, in order to compare mechanisms associated with interdecadal oscillations in these models. Our experiments with the basin model revealed the three-dimensional character of the oscillations in three-dimensional models. Self-sustained oscillations are associated with a reduction of the propagation speed of cold anomalies in the north-western corner of the model because of anomalous strong convection in that region. Then anomalous gyre circulation leads to the development of strong temperature anomalies. The extension of the period of strong (low) overturning in the three-dimensional (loop) model by some overcompensation mechanism is crucial for the occurrence of self-sustained oscillations. In conclusion we confirm Wintons view that fixed flux variability is not a meridional plane phenomenon related to loop oscillators.
Azarhoushang, Azin. "Dynamic response of fixed offshore platforms to environmental loads." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/135.
Повний текст джерелаChantesana, Isara [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Gasenzer. "Strong Wave Turbulence and Non-Thermal Fixed Points in a Kinetic Theory / Isara Chantesana ; Betreuer: Thomas Gasenzer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177691302/34.
Повний текст джерелаKang, Youn-Soo. "Delay, Stop and Queue Estimation for Uniform and Random Traffic Arrivals at Fixed-Time Signalized Intersections." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27030.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Stutts, Kyle Jeffrey. "Synchronization of follicular wave emergence, luteal regression, and ovulation for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cows and heifers." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4208.
Повний текст джерелаPrenerová, Monika. "Dohody o pracích konaných mimo pracovní poměr z ekonomických a účetních hledisek v porovnání ČR a SR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191575.
Повний текст джерелаFreguglia, Ricardo da Silva. "Efeitos da migração sobre os salários no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-26012008-094208/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is the analysis of the Brazilian workers migration and of its effects on the observed wage differentials. This study uses two different data sets built from RAIS-Migra (Labor Ministry of Brazil), a long panel of workers for the years 1995 through 2002. The purpose of using the first data set is to investigate what occurs to the interstate, interindustry and inter-occupation differentials in wage, after the control by the unobservable characteristics of workers which are unchanged along the time. The main idea is to evaluate to what extent these differentials occur due to the concentration of high skilled workers in some states/sectors/occupations. The most important results show that, not only the sign of the differentials change, but also their magnitude drops by up to 20 times. As a result, there is a reorientation of wage differentials among regions and industries. Additionally, the overall variability drops by up to eight times, showing the importance of the non-observed individual heterogeneity by explaining about 70%, 83% and 88% of the inter-state, inter-industry and inter-occupation wage differentials. Using the second data set, this study evaluates the migration returns of workers in the São Paulo state, focusing selection and assimilation. Specifically, the goal is to estimate the relative wage with the control for the individual fixed effects. This method allows the observation of the bias from the positive selection of in-migrants. The results attest the evidence of selection bias in the relative wages estimated by OLS, since the coefficients of the fixed effects regression are lower (and with a negative signal) than the (positive) OLS coefficients. There are wage losses to the migrants in São Paulo, who are not aware of the high cost of living. Another important result is that the wage growth of migrants has been increasing slowly according to the local human capital they have acquired since their migration. However, there is no evidence that attest the permanent assimilation of migrants. It is important to highlight that some particular groups have a successful migration. Migrants with high levels of education have returns 7 percent higher than non-migrants. Other groups which also have gains after migration are workers from agriculture and trade, from Northeast region and from farming and scientific occupations. Finally, the out-migration gains are positive and significant, even after the inclusion of the fixed effect control. As a result, the cost of living is also an important factor to be considered in the São Paulo out-migration event.
Rathnayake-Arachchige, Dilshani. "Metallisation and structuring of low temperature Co-fired ceramic for micro and millimetre wave applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19343.
Повний текст джерелаBarone, Anthony J. "State Level Earned Income Tax Credit’s Effects on Race and Age: An Effective Poverty Reduction Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/771.
Повний текст джерелаFacchini, Alessandro. "A study on the expressive power of some fragments of the modal µ-calculus." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14210/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work we study the complexity of some fragments of the modal mu-calculus from two points of view: the syntactical and the topological. In the first part of the dissertation we adopt the syntactical point of view in order to study the behavior of this formalism on some restricted classes of models. Among other results, we show that on transitive transition systems, every mu-formula is logically equivalent to an alternation free formula. For what concerns the topological point of view, we first prove that on transitive models, the modal logic is exactly the Borel fragment of the modal mu-calculus. Then we provide an effective description of the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of a sub-fragment of the alternation free fragment of the mu-calculus on binary trees. Finally we verify that for this fragment the syntactical point of view and topological point of view coincide
Cook, Finnie B. "Globalization, Migration and the U.S. Labor Market for Physicians: The Impact of Immigration on Local Wages." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003279.
Повний текст джерелаHill, Scott L. "Presynchronizing injections of prostaglandin F[subscript]2alpha[subscript] or prostaglandin F[subscript]2alpha[ subscript + Gonadotropin-releasing hormone before a fixed time artificial insemination CO-Synch + CIDR program in suckled beef cows." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15309.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jeffrey S. Stevenson
We hypothesized that pregnancy outcomes may be improved by inducing luteal regression, ovulation, or both before a control CO-Synch + CIDR program (100 mcg GnRH i.m. [GnRH-1] and insertion of a progesterone-impregnated intravaginal controlled internal drug release [CIDR] insert on d -10, 25 mg PGF2alpha (PG) i.m. and CIDR insert removal on d -3, and 100 mcg GnRH i.m. [GnRH-2] and timed AI [TAI] on d 0) in suckled beef cows. This hypothesis was tested in 2 experiments, in which cows were treated with either PG or PG + GnRH before initiating a control CO-Synch + CIDR program to increase the proportion of cows starting the program in a low (< 1 ng/mL; Exp. 1) or high (≥ 1 ng/mL; Exp. 2) progesterone status, respectively. Blood was collected before each injection for later progesterone analyses. In Exp. 1, cows at 9 locations (n = 1,537) were assigned to either: (1) control or (2) PrePG (same as control with a PG injection on d -13). The PrePG cows had larger (P < 0.05) follicles on d -10 and more (P < 0.05) ovulated after GnRH-1 than controls (60.6 vs. 36.5%). Incidence of estrus between d -3 and 0 was greater (P < 0.05) for treated multiparous cows than multiparous controls and treated and control primiparous cows (74.1 vs. 64.3, 58.6, and 59.1%, respectively). In Exp. 2, cows at 4 locations (n = 803) were assigned to: (1) control (same as Exp. 1) or (2) PrePGG (same as control with PG injection on d -20 and GnRH injection on d -17. Cows with BCS > 5.0 or ≥ 70 d postpartum at TAI were more (P < 0.05) likely to become pregnant than thinner cows or those with fewer days postpartum. Treated cows in both experiments were more (P < 0.05) likely than controls to have luteolysis after initial PG injections and reduced (P < 0.05) serum progesterone. In both experiments, pregnancy rates at d 35 did not differ between treatment and control; however, cows classified as anestrous before d -10, but with elevated progesterone on d -10, had increased (P < 0.05) pregnancy outcomes than remaining anestrous cows with low progesterone concentrations. In summary, luteal regression and ovulation were enhanced by treatments before the 7 d CO-Synch + CIDR program; however, pregnancy per TAI was not improved.
Ibrahim, Abdo, and David Kaya. "Effekter av belöningssystem och säljledare på försäljning av försäkringar – Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen AB." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28339.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract –”Effects of the reward system and the sales leader in the sale of insurance – Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen AB” Date: 28 May 2015 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 ECTS Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Abdo Ibrahim David Kaya 1st December 1990 18th May 1990 Tutor: Esbjörn Segelod Title: Effects of the reward system and the sales leader in the sale of insurance – Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen AB Keywords: Reward system, motivation, rewards, performance related salary, fixed salary, performance, sales coach, salary and forms of wages Problem formulation: Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen is dependent on their sales staff in order to maintain the company's sales volumes. To get employees to work towards the business goals it is important to recruit the right staff but also to retain key employees. The reward system is an important part in ensuring this. Reward system includes rewards that are used to control the employees to achieve the main purpose of the company. As a further step Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen uses forms of wages such as performance-based salary and fixed salary. To motivate employees to work more efficiently and increase their sales, which favors their own interests, they use performance-based salary. Based on this, we chose to examine the effects of the reward system on sales quantity, performance and job satisfaction, but also if the sales coach influence employee sales performances. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to study how the insurance intermediaries’ sales volume, performance and job satisfaction are affected by Försäljningsservice i Bergslagens reward system as well as the sales coach. Method: A case study has been performed with basis in gathering information from personal interviews and a survey. Interviews were conducted with the co-owner and sales manager in Försäljningsservice I Bergslagen, Elin Gustin and sales coach in Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen, Linnea Héléne. The survey was handed to all employees in Försäljningsservice i Bergslagen. Conclusion: We came to the conclusions that the performance-based salary affect employee sales volumes positively because it increases motivation. The rewards are also motivating and leads to increased job performance. The sales coach also influence directly, through her work, the sales staff performances.
Mai, Tien chinh. "Evaluation non destructive des matériaux de construction par technique électromagnétique aux fréquences radar : modélisation et expérimentation en laboratoire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0384/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe reinforced concrete or the timber structures are degraded under mechanical and climatic actions. Physical and mechanical properties of these materials are linked to outdoor exposure conditions and their variations. The early non-destructive evaluation of these properties before the initiation of degradations is a need for masters of structures in order to predict the service life of the structures in a context of sustainable management of the built heritage. The presence of water in the pores of the concrete is a factor which facilitates the penetration of aggressive agents (carbon dioxide, chlorides, etc. responsible of the initiation of pathologies such as steel corrosion). In the case of wood material, the most common causes of damage are often of biological origin (fungi and insects). Moisture is also recognized as one of the most important conditions for the development of these attacks. It is therefore necessary to evaluate and quantify the spatial variation of the humidity in the building materials to limit repair actions. The GPR system (Ground Penetrating Radar) is an auscultation tool of materials which is completely non-destructive, fast, compact, and contactless. This technique is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This propagation is strongly linked to the permittivity and the conductivity of the material that are highly sensitive to changes in humidity. The objective of this thesis is twofold: first, modelling the effect of moisture variation in a homogeneous material, multi-layers or with gradient, and secondly, to experimentally quantify the effect of a moisture gradient on the concrete and the effect of the anisotropy (case of wood material). An analytical model has been developed based on the concept of mixing laws (Fitted on experimental measurements of the permittivity by taking into account the effect of the frequency dispersion) and the propagation of a plane wave. A numerical simulation was used to assess the effects of a gradient and the effect of an anisotropic medium on the propagation velocity of the radar waves. The experimental phase was performed on a homogeneous and isotropic model material such as sand to compare different measurement methods of the velocity of the direct wave. A frequency analysis of the attenuation was also examined to evaluate the dispersion of the attenuation in a considered homogeneous medium. The second part of the experiment was to monitor, by radar measurements, the drying of a concrete slab instrumented by humidity sensors. Finally, an experimental campaign on samples of two species of wood (Pine and Spruce) with different moisture content between 0 and 50% was conducted. The modelling and simulations phase has shown that the frequency dispersion is significant only in the case of wet concrete with a high salinity content. The anisotropy and the gradient have a significant effect on the spread. The experimental phase showed that in the case of a homogeneous material, the speed is independent of the offset (distance between transmitter and receiver), and it varies in the case of concrete with a moisture gradient. Finally, tests on the timber indicate that the real part of its permittivity increases as a function of moisture. The contrast between longitudinal and transverse direction (tangential or radial) is negligible in the dry state of the material and begins to be very significant from the fiber saturation point. It indicates that the longitudinal direction, instead of the transverse direction, is more convenient to measure the moisture of wood structures
Laurent-Brouty, Nicolas. "Modélisation du trafic sur des réseaux routiers urbains à l’aide des lois de conservation hyperboliques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4056.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the modeling of traffic flow using hyperbolic conservation laws, with a specific focus on urban applications. Urban areas are today facing severe episodes of air pollution and increasing congestion due to traffic. The objective is to overcome some of the current limitations of macroscopic traffic flow models in urban situations. We first study the seminal Aw-Rascle-Zhang model with relaxation. We prove well-posedness of the model using wave-front tracking approximations and splitting technique in a Lagrangian setting. Besides, we provide an estimate on the decay of positive waves. We then show that the solutions of the Aw-Rascle-Zhang system with relaxation converge to a weak solution of the LWR model when the relaxation parameter goes to zero. Finally, we propose a discussion on the entropy aspect of this weak solution of the LWR model. We then propose a new macroscopic traffic flow model accounting for the boundedness of traffic acceleration, which is required for physical realism. Our model is built on the coupling between the scalar conservation law accounting for the conservation of vehicles and a number of ordinary differential equations describing the trajectories of accelerating vehicles, which we treat as moving constraints. We detail a wave-front tracking algorithm to construct approximate solutions of the model, with general flux functions and show existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a piecewise constant initial datum. Finally, we provide numerical simulations of the model in different urban situations, from a single Riemann problem to sequences of traffic lights, and confront the results to numerical simulations of the LWR model. Finally, we introduce a new macroscopic traffic flow model with buffers on road networks. This model features buffers of finite size, enabling backward propagation of congestion on the network, and time-dependent routing functions at the junctions. The dynamics are first defined on the level of conservation laws, and then transformed in an Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. We prove existence, uniqueness and stability of the solutions with respect to the routing ratios and initial datum using a fixed-point problem in a proper Banach space. Thanks to stability, the model provides a controllable framework, using routing ratios as control parameters. This represents an advance towards solving the Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) problem. In the end we detail how this framework applies to a classical road network with several intersections and finite-length links
Costa, Felipe de Melo Gil. "Impactos da abertura comercial na margem de lucro da indústria brasileira de transformação entre 1990 e 1996: uma análise em dados de painel." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6101.
Повний текст джерелаO objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar os impactos da abertura comercial vista no Brasil no início da década de 1990 entre 1990 a 1996 na margem de lucro das indústrias de transformação passando por três padrões monetários diferentes (cruzeiro, cruzeiro real e real). A especificação e metodologia adotadas no trabalho são as de Goldar e Aggawal (2004), que fazem uma análise de dados em painel para efeitos fixos e randômicos para as indústrias de transformação indianas como um todo e, posteriormente, aplicando os mesmos testes separando os vinte e oito setores da indústria brasileira de transformação em setores de bens de capital e intermediários no primeiro grupo e bens de capital no segundo. Este trabalho ainda inclui esta metodologia aplicando, além das duas já citadas, o teste de mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO) para permitir uma melhor análise com três testes diferentes antes e depois de separar os setores por meio de variáveis explicativas como barreiras à importação, concentração industrial, participação salarial, produtividade do trabalho, representatividade setorial e variação na taxa de crescimento da produção do setor entre os anos. Conclui-se que o aumento observado na margem de lucro foi impactado significativamente pelas variáveis expostas acima e estes resultados são importantes para que possamos auferir de que forma impactaram positivamente ou contribuíram negativamente na margem de lucro auferida pela indústria brasileira de transformação entre 1990 e 1996.
Silvério, Filipe José Brás. "What hides behind the fixed-term contracts wage gap?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15106.
Повний текст джерелаNSBE - UNL
Stephan, Mary. "The Australian gender wage gap." Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112054.
Повний текст джерелаGuerreiro, Diogo José Da Costa. "Peers and the gender wage gap." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/104265.
Повний текст джерелаCarvalho, Ana Margarida Neves de. "Wage inequality, productivity, peer effects and assortative matching." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22247.
Повний текст джерелаIshii, Hisako. "The effect of firm size on employment practices in Japan wage differentials and quasi-fixed employment costs across firm sizes /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33670823.html.
Повний текст джерелаEspiga, Francisco Daniel Baptista. "Wage inequality : trends and drivers in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31117.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tese examina a evolução da desigualdade salarial e potenciais fatores, usando dados harmonizados de inquéritos às famílias e dados longitudinais empresa-trabalhador em Portugal. A desigualdade salarial permaneceu relativamente estável até 2013 e caiu a partir daí. Mudanças na variância dos salários entre trabalhadores com diferentes aptidões que trabalham em diferentes sectores-ocupações contribuíram para a mudança na desigualdade. Em particular, a redução dos prémios de educação e experiência e compressão dos salários entre sectores-ocupações, desempenharam um papel importante nos últimos anos. No entanto, uma parte significativa da mudança na desigualdade ocorreu entre trabalhadores que têm aptidões e que trabalham em sectores-ocupações semelhantes. Os resultados baseados em modelos aditivos de efeitos fixos de trabalhador e empresa mostram que a heterogeneidade entre prémios pagos pelas empresas reduziu a desigualdade salarial. Contudo, o aumento da heterogeneidade entre trabalhadores atuou no sentido contrário, contribuindo para a relativa estabilidade da desigualdade salarial durante o período 2004-2013. Os resultados também sugerem que a dispersão salarial dentro das empresas foi relativamente constante ao longo do tempo e a maioria das mudanças registadas estiveram associadas a mudanças na dispersão salarial entre empresas. Finalmente, a evolução da desigualdade salarial diferiu entre ciclos económicos. No período de recessão/crise de 2009-13, as reduções salariais nos diferentes percentis salariais levaram a uma trajetória de desigualdade relativamente estável. Durante o período de não crise, as melhorias salariais entre os setores e ocupações de baixos salários e a deterioração entre setores e ocupações com altos salários levaram a uma redução gradual da desigualdade salarial
Bovenzi, Pietro. "The sources of the wage losses of displaced workers : the italian case." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35813.
Повний текст джерелаA partir do estudo de um conjunto de dados documentados entre trabalhador e empregador na Itália durante o período de 1975-1997, esta investigação avalia as fontes de perdas salariais de trabalhadores deslocados devido ao fecho de firmas baseando-se na comparação entre os salários antes e depois da troca de trabalho. Deste modo, estimou-se um modelo de regressão de efeitos fixos dimensionais de três vias que permitiu a decomposição, de acordo com a formula de Gelbach(2016), das fontes de perdas salariais na contribuição do trabalhador, da firma e dos efeitos fixos. De acordo com as estimativas constata-se que os salários pós-deslocação são 11.5 pontos inferiores aos salarios pré- deslocação, ou seja 12.18 por cento menos que os salários médios pré-deslocamento. Especificamente, uma grande parte dessa mudança nas perdas salariais vem de trabalhadores deslocados o estarem a fazer para lugares menos compatíveis. Além disso, ao contrário da literatura anterior, constata-se que os trabalhadores deslocados tendem a entrar em empresas com salário mais elevados. Por último, estimou-se a alteração do efeito fixo da empresa e correspondências , que captura o impacto de diferenças permanentes em trabalhadores com características observadas e não observadas. Os resultados indicam que uma mudança do trabalhador para o norte da Itaália e um maior período de tempo desempregado, levam o trabalhador a deslocar-se para uma melhor empresa e piores correspondências.
Riedl, Maximilian. "Three Essays on Job Loss Fears and Offshoring." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E21-5.
Повний текст джерелаJECHOVÁ, Pavlína. "Změny v systému odměňování v návaznosti na makroekonomickou situaci." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80212.
Повний текст джерелаRegula, Sónia Manuela de Castro Félix. "Essays on labor, product, and credit market imperfections." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21996.
Повний текст джерелаWen-Hung, Jiang, and 江文弘. "Nonlinear Wave Interference Phenomena in Fixed Bed Operations." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11733470598404634601.
Повний текст джерела大同工學院
化學工程研究所
86
Wastewater containing heavy metals can be treated by fixed-bed ion exchangeprocesses whose dynamics can be predicted by numerical simulation on the wave propagation theory. When the composition of the feed to the ion-exchange columnchanges, the column dynamics becomes very complicated. This study developed asimple methodology based on the wave propagation theory to predict the columndynamics with feed composition change. Cation exchanger IR-120 was used in bothbatch and column experiments. The batch experiments were performed to measurethe Zn/H and Cu/H ion-exchange equilibrium at different total cation concentration, while the column experiments were for the column dynamics study.The results from the batch experiments shouted that the affinity sequence was Zn>Cu>H and the ion-exchange equilibrium could be represented by the selectivitycoefficients. The predicted column dynamics did not match the experimentalresults perfectly, but the trends were the same. No selectivity reversals were identified and the hydroxide compellation with metals seemed to have noinfluence on the column dynamics.
LIN, SHI-YAN, and 林世延. "Dynamic response of fixed offshore platform under wave action." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14918913388503418443.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Yu-Chi, and 巫昱緝. "SECOND ORDER SUREACE WAVE INTERACTION WITH FIXED FLOATING BODY." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27466444957664629694.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Loo-Shean, and 劉如軒. "Fixed-Point Implementation of Wave Digital Filters for Analog Circuit Emulation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93305886840025127627.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
電機工程學系
105
With the advance of process technologies, the design of Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits is becoming more complex. System on Chip (SOC) has become one possible option of VLSI design. Because SOC designs usually contain both analog and digital circuits, it is important to have an Analog/Mixed-Signal (AMS) verification flow for chip development. In this thesis, we adopt Wave Digital Filter theory to map analog circuits into digital circuits for emulating analog circuits. This method uses incident and reflected waves to model circuit characteristics. Each analog component can be transformed into digital component in WDF framework to support the co-simulation with digital circuits. Based on the relevant research of WDF emulation process, this thesis develops the hardware implementation flow to establish the hardware structure of the emulator. The whole emulator has been implemented on FPGA to verify the whole flow of WDF emulation. In addition, this thesis adopts the fixed-point design concept to the hardware implementation to reduce the complexity and develops fixed-point conversion flow. About the non-linear MOS components, we also successfully implement the table lookup approach on FPGA to solve the digitalization issue. According to the experimental results, the hardware resource usage of the fixed-point design and the floating-point design is similar. In terms of accuracy, the correlation coefficient of waveform between WDF and HSPICE is higher than 0.98. However, the processing speed of fixed-point design is more than 4 times than that of floating-point design. Therefore, compared to floating-point design, fixed-point design is an appropriate choice.
Xu, Zun-Wen, and 許俊文. "Wave characteristics from a fixed horizontal plate in front of breakwater." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60844199314793318484.
Повний текст джерелаCHEN, DONG-LIANG, and 陳棟樑. "The study of wave forces on a fixed two-dimensional submergcd objects." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28660704380998812948.
Повний текст джерела莊修銘. "Experiment Study of Motion and Wave Reducing by Dual Pontoon Fixed by mooring Lines." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20861267036620228669.
Повний текст джерела國立海洋大學
河海工程學系
92
Abstract In this paper, the set up of dual pontoon fixed by mooring lines on the sea bottom on the same water depth (0.5m) is discussed. Experiments were conducted to observe the regular wave reducing characteristics and motion of the dual pontoon result by regular waves. Different parameters such as dual pontoon with different span(0.25m,0.5m,1m), different draft(0.1m,0.15m,0.2m), applied on the dual pontoon were used to discuss in the influence of different wave frequency. In the experiment, water depth between deep water and intermediate water. Form the experimental result, in the short wave period, had a good wave reducing effect. When increased wave length, the reflected coefficient decreased, until a turning point, the reflected coefficient increased. In principle, the reflected coefficient increased with increasing span, and the draft. When happened to natural resonance, slash in wave reduced effect. The result of reflected coefficient decreased, and transmission coefficient increased, especially span is longer. Dual pontoon‘s vertical motion increased with increasing draft, decreasing span. In the long wave period, horizontal motion had bigger horizontal displacement. Different draft got small effect on the dual pontoon, but different span got big effect. Dual pontoon‘s horizontal motion increased with decreased span. Specific period occurred the maximum Angle of inclination value, and Changed value because different the span and the draft.