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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fission pathways"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 вересня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fission pathways"

Cansado, José, Teresa Soto, Alejandro Franco, Jero Vicente-Soler, and Marisa Madrid. "The Fission Yeast Cell Integrity Pathway: A Functional Hub for Cell Survival upon Stress and Beyond." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8010032.

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The survival of eukaryotic organisms during environmental changes is largely dependent on the adaptive responses elicited by signal transduction cascades, including those regulated by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. The Cell Integrity Pathway (CIP), one of the three MAPK pathways found in the simple eukaryote fission of yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, shows strong homology with mammalian Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERKs). Remarkably, studies over the last few decades have gradually positioned the CIP as a multi-faceted pathway that impacts multiple functional aspects of the fission yeast life cycle during unperturbed growth and in response to stress. They include the control of mRNA-stability through RNA binding proteins, regulation of calcium homeostasis, and modulation of cell wall integrity and cytokinesis. Moreover, distinct evidence has disclosed the existence of sophisticated interplay between the CIP and other environmentally regulated pathways, including Stress-Activated MAP Kinase signaling (SAPK) and the Target of Rapamycin (TOR). In this review we present a current overview of the organization and underlying regulatory mechanisms of the CIP in S. pombe, describe its most prominent functions, and discuss possible targets of and roles for this pathway. The evolutionary conservation of CIP signaling in the dimorphic fission yeast S. japonicus will also be addressed.

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Hernáez, M. J., E. Andújar, J. L. Ríos, S. R. Kaschabek, W. Reineke, and E. Santero. "Identification of a Serine Hydrolase Which Cleaves the Alicyclic Ring of Tetralin." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 19 (October 1, 2000): 5448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.19.5448-5453.2000.

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ABSTRACT A gene designated thnD, which is required for biodegradation of the organic solvent tetralin by Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus strain TFA, has been identified. Sequence comparison analysis indicated that thnD codes for a carbon-carbon bond serine hydrolase showing highest similarity to hydrolases involved in biodegradation of biphenyl. An insertion mutant defective in ThnD accumulates the ring fission product which results from the extradiol cleavage of the aromatic ring of dihydroxytetralin. The gene product has been purified and characterized. ThnD is an octameric thermostable enzyme with an optimum reaction temperature at 65°C. ThnD efficiently hydrolyzes the ring fission intermediate of the tetralin pathway and also 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid, the ring fission product of the biphenylmeta-cleavage pathway. However, it is not active towards the equivalent intermediates of meta-cleavage pathways of monoaromatic compounds which have small substituents in C-6. When ThnD hydrolyzes the intermediate in the tetralin pathway, it cleaves a C-C bond comprised within the alicyclic ring of tetralin instead of cleaving a linear C-C bond, as all other known hydrolases ofmeta-cleavage pathways do. The significance of this activity of ThnD for the requirement of other activities to mineralize tetralin is discussed.

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Baldacchino, Alexander J., Miles I. Collins, Michael P. Nielsen, Timothy W. Schmidt, Dane R. McCamey, and Murad J. Y. Tayebjee. "Singlet fission photovoltaics: Progress and promising pathways." Chemical Physics Reviews 3, no. 2 (June 2022): 021304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080250.

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Singlet fission is a form of multiple exciton generation, which occurs in organic chromophores when a high-energy singlet exciton separates into two lower energy triplet excitons, each with approximately half the singlet energy. Since this process is spin-allowed, it can proceed on an ultrafast timescale of less than several picoseconds, outcompeting most other loss mechanisms and reaching quantitative yields approaching 200%. Due to this high quantum efficiency, the singlet fission process shows promise as a means of reducing thermalization losses in photovoltaic cells. This would potentially allow for efficiency improvements beyond the thermodynamic limit in a single junction cell. Efforts to incorporate this process into solar photovoltaic cells have spanned a wide range of device structures over the past decade. In this review, we compare and categorize these attempts in order to assess the state of the field and identify the most promising avenues of future research and development.

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Stiefel, Jeffrey, Lili Wang, David A. Kelly, Rozmin T. K. Janoo, Jeffrey Seitz, Simon K. Whitehall, and Charles S. Hoffman. "Suppressors of an Adenylate Cyclase Deletion in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.3.610-619.2004.

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ABSTRACT Schizosaccharomyces pombe utilizes two opposing signaling pathways to sense and respond to its nutritional environment. Glucose detection triggers a cyclic AMP signal to activate protein kinase A (PKA), while glucose or nitrogen starvation activates the Spc1/Sty1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). One process controlled by these pathways is fbp1 + transcription, which is glucose repressed. In this study, we isolated strains carrying mutations that reduce high-level fbp1 + transcription conferred by the loss of adenylate cyclase (git2Δ), including both wis1 − (SAPK kinase) and spc1 − (SAPK) mutants. While characterizing the git2Δ suppressor strains, we found that the git2Δ parental strains are KCl sensitive, though not osmotically sensitive. Of 102 git2Δ suppressor strains, 17 strains display KCl-resistant growth and comprise a single linkage group, carrying mutations in the cgs1 + PKA regulatory subunit gene. Surprisingly, some of these mutants are mostly wild type for mating and stationary-phase viability, unlike the previously characterized cgs1-1 mutant, while showing a significant defect in fbp1-lacZ expression. Thus, certain cgs1 − mutant alleles dramatically affect some PKA-regulated processes while having little effect on others. We demonstrate that the PKA and SAPK pathways regulate both cgs1 + and pka1 + transcription, providing a mechanism for cross talk between these two antagonistically acting pathways and feedback regulation of the PKA pathway. Finally, strains defective in both the PKA and SAPK pathways display transcriptional regulation of cgs1 + and pka1 +, suggesting the presence of a third glucose-responsive signaling pathway.

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Morandini, André C., Sérgio N. Stampar, Alvaro E. Migotto, and Antonio C. Marques. "Hydrocoryne iemanja (Cnidaria), a new species of Hydrozoa with unusual mode of asexual reproduction." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 1 (February 2009): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002968.

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Hydrocoryne iemanja sp. nov. was found in an aquarium, growing on rhodoliths of coralline algae collected on the south-eastern coast of Brazil (20°40′S 40°2′W). The colonies were reared through maturity in the laboratory. Each colony had up to 7 sessile, long and thin monomorphic zooids, very extensible and flexible, arising from a chitinous, hard dark-brown plate with minute spines. Medusae budded from near the basal part of hydrocaulus, and were released in immature condition, acquiring fully developed interradial gonads 5–7 days after release. Asexual reproduction by longitudinal fission was observed on the hydrocaulus of the polyps, both for those in normal condition and those with injuries. Fission started at the oral region, extending aborally, with a new hard plate formed in the basal part of hydrocaulus. When fission reached the new hard plate, the new polyp detached, becoming free and sinking to the bottom, starting a new colony. Detached polyps were morphologically indistinguishable from other polyps, being able to produce medusae. Mother and daughter polyps undertook subsequent fissions. This mode of longitudinal fission is distinct from other modes of longitudinal fission, a process known for a few species of cnidarians. Further studies of this process may shed light on the understanding of the evolutionary pathways in Cnidaria and animals. Hydrocoryne iemanja sp. nov. is distinguishable from its two congeners by the distinct marginal tentacles of the medusae—short and with a median nematocyst knob—an unambiguous character useful even for the identification of newly liberated medusae.

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Li, Haijun, Fucheng He, Xin Zhao, Yuan Zhang, Xi Chu, Chunlan Hua, Yunhui Qu, Yu Duan, and Liang Ming. "YAP Inhibits the Apoptosis and Migration of Human Rectal Cancer Cells via Suppression of JNK-Drp1-Mitochondrial Fission-HtrA2/Omi Pathways." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, no. 5 (2017): 2073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485946.

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Background/Aims: The Hippo-Yap pathway is associated with tumor development and progression. However, little evidence is available concerning its role in cancer cell apoptosis and migration via mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we identify mitochondrial fission as a regulator of the Hippo–Yap pathway in human rectal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Methods: In this study, we performed loss-of function assays concerning Yap in RCC via shRNA. Cellular viability and apoptosis were measured via MTT, the TUNEL assay and trypan blue staining. Mitochondrial function was assessed via JC1 staining, the mPTP opening assay, mitochondrial respiratory function analysis, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis of HtrA2/Omi. Mitophagy and mitochondrial fission were assessed via western blots and immunofluorescence. Cell migration was evaluated via the Transwell assay, wound-healing assay and immunofluorescence analysis of F-actin. The interaction between JNK and Yap was detected via co-immunoprecipitation and Yap recombinant mutagenic plasmid transfection. Western blots were used to analyze signaling pathways in conjunction with JNK inhibitors or HtrA2/Omi siRNA. Results: Yap is upregulated in human rectal cancer cells, where its expression correlates positively with cell survival and migration. Functional studies established that silencing of Yap drove JNK phosphorylation, which induced Drp1 activation and translocation to the surface of mitochondria, initiating mitochondrial fission. Excessive mitochondrial fission mediated HtrA2/Omi leakage from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, where HtrA2/Omi triggered cellular apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, released HtrA2/Omi also phosphorylated cofilin and inhibited cofilin-mediated F-actin polymerization. F-actin collapse perturbed lamellipodia formation and therefore impaired cellular migration and invasion. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate that Hippo-Yap can serve as a tumor promoter in human rectal cancer and acts by restricting JNK/Drp1/mitochondrial fission/ HtrA2/Omi, with potential implications for new approaches to human rectal cancer therapy.

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Zhang, Hanwen, Yanshuo Ye, and Wei Li. "Perspectives of Molecular Therapy-Targeted Mitochondrial Fission in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 29, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1039312.

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Current advances of molecular-targeting therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have improved the overall survival significantly, whereas the results still remain unsatisfied. Recently, much attention has been focused on organelles, such as the mitochondria, to reveal novel strategies to control the cancers. The mitochondria are vital organelles which supply energy and maintain metabolism in most of the eukaryotic cells. They not only execute critical bioenergetic and biosynthetic functions but also regulate ROS homeostasis and apoptosis. Existing in a dynamic equilibrium state, mitochondria constantly undergo the fission and fusion processes in normal situation. Increasing evidences have showed that mitochondrial fission is highly related to the diseases and cancers. Distinctive works have proved the significant effects of mitochondrial fission on HCC behaviors and the crosstalks with other molecular pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial fission and the link with HCC, emphasizing on the underlying molecular pathways and several novel materials that modulate HCC behaviors.

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Hayashi, Yukimasa, Chiaki W. Nakagawa, Norihiro Mutoh, Minoru Isobe та Toshio Goto. "Two pathways in the biosynthesis of cadystins (γEC)nG in the cell-free system of the fission yeast". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, № 2-3 (1 лютого 1991): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-018.

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Small metal-binding peptides, cadystins, with the general structure of (γ-Glu-Cys)n-Gly ((γEC)nG), were synthesized in a cell-free system of fission yeast to examine the in vivo synthetic pathway. The crude enzyme for cadystin synthesis was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation (75% saturation) from the 120 000 × g supernatant of the cell extract, and the excess salt in the enzyme fraction was removed by Sephadex gel filtration. Using this crude enzyme fraction, it was shown that there were two pathways for cadystin biosynthesis. One pathway is γ-Glu-Cys (γEC) dipeptidyl transfer from both glutathione (γECG) and cadystins to glutathione and cadystins. The other one is γEC polymerization from (γEC)n and glutathione to (γEC)n+i, followed by glycine addition with glutathione synthetase.Key words: cadystin, fission yeast, cell-free biosynthesis, dipeptidyl transferase.

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Papadakis, Manos A., and Christopher T. Workman. "Oxidative stress response pathways: Fission yeast as archetype." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 41, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1040841x.2013.870968.

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Xu, Dan-Dan, and Li-Lin Du. "Fission Yeast Autophagy Machinery." Cells 11, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11071086.

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Autophagy is a conserved process that delivers cytoplasmic components to the vacuole/lysosome. It plays important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and conferring stress resistance. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, autophagy is important for cell survival under nutrient depletion and ER stress conditions. Experimental analyses of fission yeast autophagy machinery in the last 10 years have unveiled both similarities and differences in autophagosome biogenesis mechanisms between fission yeast and other model eukaryotes for autophagy research, in particular, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. More recently, selective autophagy pathways that deliver hydrolytic enzymes, the ER, and mitochondria to the vacuole have been discovered in fission yeast, yielding novel insights into how cargo selectivity can be achieved in autophagy. Here, we review the progress made in understanding the autophagy machinery in fission yeast.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Fission pathways"

Pazo, Pelegrí Esther 1993. "New pathways regulating MBF-dependent transcription in fission yeast." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672476.

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At the end of G1 phase, cells have to decide between continue proliferation or remain in a quiescent state (G0). This decision point, known as “Start” in yeast and “Restriction Point” in metazoans, marks irreversibly the commitment to the completion of a new cell cycle, and is regulated mainly by the activity of the G1 CDK and the induction of the G1-to-S transcriptional program. The MBF transcription factor complex (functional homolog of pRB-E2F in metazoans) drives the G1-to-S transcriptional wave in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have previously described how the co-repressors Nrm1 and Yox1 bind to MBF complex at the end of S phase, inhibiting the MBF activity. However, the mechanisms involved in the activation of MBF at the onset of an unperturbed cell cycle have remained elusive. Here, we show that Nrm1 is the responsible for the activation of the MBF-dependent transcription through a two-step mechanism. Its phosphorylation by CDK1 and its posterior degradation by APCSte9 induce the irreversible MBF activation until the end of S phase. We have also studied the role of chromatin remodelers in the control of the G1-to-S transcriptional program. In this sense, we have found that chromatin-remodeling complexes SWI/SNF and RSC are recruited to MBF-regulated genes, having a clear impact in the activation of the G1-to-S transcriptional wave. Furthermore, we have created a short-lived fluorescent reporter to measure small and transient changes in the MBF activity in vivo by flow cytometry, to further identify new MBF regulators.
Al final de la fase G1, les cèl·lules han de decidir entre continuar proliferant o romandre en un estat de quiescència (G0). Aquest punt de decisió, conegut com “Start” en llevats o “Restriction Point” en metazous, compromet irreversiblement a les cèl·lules a completar el següent cicle cel·lular, i està principalment regulat per l’activitat CDK de G1 i per la inducció del programa transcripcional de G1/S. El complex MBF (homòleg funcional de pRB-E2F en metazous) es el factor de transcripció encarregat de la inducció de l’onada transcripcional de G1/S en el llevat de fissió Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Anteriorment, vam descriure com els repressors Nrm1 i Yox1 s’uneixen al complex MBF al final de la fase S per inhibir la seva activitat. Fins ara, els mecanismes implicats en l’activació de MBF a l’inici d’un cicle cel·lular no pertorbat s’han mantingut desconeguts. En aquest treball, hem vist que Nrm1 es el responsable de l’activació transcripcional depenent de MBF mitjançant un mecanisme de dos passos. La seva fosforilació per CDK1 i la seva posterior degradació per APCSte9 donen lloc a l’activació irreversible de MBF fins al final de la fase S. També hem estudiant el paper dels remodeladors de cromatina en el control del programa transcripcional de G1/S. En aquest sentit, hem trobat que els complexes remodeladors de la cromatina SWI/SNF i RSC són reclutats als gens regulats per MBF i tenen un clar impacte en l’activació transcripcional de G1/S. A més, hem creat un reporter fluorescent de vida curta per mesurar canvis petits i transitoris de l’activitat MBF in vivo mitjançant citometria de flux, per a poder identificar nous reguladors de MBF.

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Mutavchiev, Delyan Rumenov. "Regulation of fission yeast cell polarity by stress-response pathways." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29006.

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Cell polarisation is a key biological process crucial for the functioning of essentially all cells. Regulation of cell polarity is achieved through various processes determined by both internal and external factors. An example of the latter is that cell polarity can be disrupted or lost as a consequence of a variety of external stresses. When facing such stresses, cells adapt to unfavourable conditions by activating a range of molecular signalling pathways, collectively termed ‘stress response’. Despite the connections between external stress and cell polarity, whether stress-response signalling regulates cell polarisation and what the molecular basis for such regulation remains an open question. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe presents an excellent biological platform to study the complexity of cell polarity regulation on a systematic level. This study is aimed at understanding the functional relationship between stress-response signalling and maintenance of cell polarity in this model organism. The findings presented in this thesis set the basis for establishing a functional link between the activation of the S.pombe stress-response pathway and the activity of the master regulator of cell polarity- the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Here, I describe experiments that identify an active involvement of the stress-response mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) Sty1 in the dispersal of active Cdc42 from the sites of growth. This new role for Sty1 occurs independently from its involvement in transcription regulation and other previously identified signalling pathways involving Sty1. Furthermore, I also find that Sty1’s involvement in Cdc42 regulation has direct implications for fission yeast physiology as it is essential for the maintenance of cellular quiescence upon nitrogen starvation. This thesis also focuses on identifying the targets of Sty1 orchestrating the active Cdc42 disruption. Here, I describe a candidate-based approach, where I investigate the role of proteins from the Cdc42 regulatory network during Sty1 activation. Additionally, I present a global phospho-proteomics approach to identify novel targets of Sty1 and offer preliminary findings which might explain Sty1’s involvement in Cdc42 regulation.

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Roberts, Theresa Helen. "The role of Ypt3p in the membrane traffic pathways of Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321487.

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Makarenko, Rostyslav. ""Adaptive mutations" in the S/MAPK pathways provide selective advantage in quiescent fission yeast." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS253.pdf.

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La quiescence et la prolifération reflètent deux stades cellulaires fondamentalement différents, mais il existe très peu d'informations sur la manière dont les cellules maintiennent la stabilité de leur génome en quiescence. En utilisant des levures de fission privées d’azote comme modèle de quiescence, notre laboratoire a démontré que les cellules subissent non seulement les dommages de l’ADN aux indépendantes de la réplication linéairement avec le temps. Dans les travaux en cours, nous avons démontré que les mutations accumulées au cours de la phase d'arrêt de la croissance subissent un processus de sélection en quiescence similaire à celui observé chez E. coli. La sélection favorise les mutations qui affectent les fonctions des gènes des 3 voies de la MAP-kinase (mkh1, pek1, pmk1) et de la SAP-kinase (win1, wis1, sty1) et de leurs cibles en aval (pmc1, sgf73, tif452). Ces gènes sont impliqués dans la signalisation cellulaire centrale qui régule la prolifération, la différenciation et la mort cellulaire conservée chez toutes les espèces eucaryotes, de la levure à l'homme. Des mutations dans des composants de la voie S/MAPK ou dans ses régulateurs sont associées à de multiples maladies chez l'homme, dont certains cancers et une mort neuronale dégénérative en fonction de l'âge. Les cellules libèrent des traces d'azote lors de leur mort, ce qui déclenche l'entrée dans le cycle cellulaire des cellules encore en vie. Les cellules sauvages ne peuvent compléter un cycle et meurent, libérant davantage d'azote. Les mutants de la voie S/MAPK sont caractérisés par une capacité d'entrée dans le cycle différente en fonction de la concentration d'azote disponible ce qui entraine une résistance à la mort cellulaire
Quiescence and proliferation reflect two fundamentally different cellular stages, yet very limited information exists on how cells maintain their genome stability in quiescence. Using nitrogen-starved fission yeast as a model for quiescence, our laboratory has demonstrated that cells are not only subject to DNA damage in G0 but also accumulate replication-independent mutations linearly with time. In our current work, we have demonstrated that mutations accumulating in growth-arrested phase undergo a selection process in quiescence similar to that observed in E. coli. Selection favors mutations that affect functions of the genes of the MAP-kinase (mkh1, pek1, pmk1) and SAP-kinase pathways (win1, wis1, sty1), and their downstream targets (pmc1, sgf73, tif452). These genes represent core cellular signaling that regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death conserved among all eukaryotic species from yeast to human. Mutations in components of the S/MAPK pathways and their regulators are associated with multiple diseases in humans, primary cancer and degenerative neuronal death accumulated with ageing. In this work, we have demonstrated that wild-type cells dying in quiescence release traces of nitrogen that triggers the viable population to exit from quiescence. The wild-type cells are dying during their entry into S-phase releasing more nitrogen. Thus, mutants in the S/MAPK pathways are better scavengers and selection in quiescence is characterized by the ability of the mutant to resume cycling in quiescence coupled with a resistance to programed cell death

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Sacks, Jessica Erin. "Targeting Mitochondrial Pathways in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522935947635474.

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Gabrielli, Natalia 1978. "Cross-talk between iron starvation and H202 signaling pathways in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108037.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species (ROS), is involved in both oxidative stress and signaling cascades in a dosage dependent manner. Its toxicity is partially explained through reactivity with iron via the Fenton reaction. Iron, indispensible for many cellular processes, is thus tightly regulated to balance between need and toxicity. Using fission yeast as a model system, we explored the relationship between H2O2 and the iron starvation response system, specifically whether cross-talk allowed mutual regulation that could prevent synergistic toxicity of ROS via diminishing iron quantity. We screened around of 2700 haploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe deletion mutants in different oxidative stress agents, identifying new genes amongst which fep1, pcl1 and sib2 are involved in iron homeostasis. H2O2, unexpectedly, triggers transcriptional iron starvation response, including enhanced iron import and decreased iron consumption. Over-expression of several antioxidant proteins, in particular heme-containing catalase, causes strong iron consumption within the cell, triggering the iron starvation pathway accidentally. Furthermore, glutaredoxin Grx4 contains an iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) involved in iron sensing, underpinning regulation of the iron starvation response. Finally, we identify and characterize the frataxin homolog gene in S. pombe, pfh1. Deficiencies in frataxin provoke a neurodegenerative disease called Friedreich ataxia; the function of this protein remains controversial. We create ∆pfh1 strain as a new model system to elucidate the molecular events leading to the disease.
El peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) es un agente oxidante que además de participar en cascadas de señalización produce toxicidad por daño oxidativo. Parte de su toxicidad se explica por su reactividad con hierro. Así, las concentraciones de hierro en el interior celular han de estar estrictamente reguladas. Usando la levadura de fisión, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, como un sistema modelo, estudiamos las relaciones entre H2O2 y el sistema de respuesta a déficit de hierro. Genes como fep1, pcl1 y sib2, importantes para mantener su homeostasis, fueron encontrados en un análisis de 2700 mutantes de S. pombe, tras tratamiento con diferentes agentes oxidantes. Inesperadamente encontramos que H2O2 desencadena una respuesta transcripcional de déficit de hierro, incluyendo aumento de su entrada y disminución de su consumo. Ésta es una respuesta accidental debido a la sobreexpresión de proteínas como catalasa, una hemoproteína, consumidoras masivas de hierro. Encontramos además que la glutaredoxina Grx4 contiene un clúster de hierro-azufre implicado en sensar hierro. Finalmente, identificamos, caracterizamos y delecionamos el homólogo de frataxina en S. pombe, pfh1. Deficiencias en frataxina provocan ataxia de Friedreich. Los mecanismos por los cuales se desencadena esta enfermedad están todavía por elucidar, pero S. pombe es un buen sistema modelo para su estudio.

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Gupta, Sneha. "Understanding Regulation of the Cytoskeleton during Cell Cycle Transitions through Examination of Crosstalk between Homologous Fission Yeast Pathways, Septation Initiation Network and Morphogenesis ORB6 Network: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2013. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/693.

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The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has become a powerful model system for studying cytokinesis, a process of cytoplasmic division by which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Like mammalian cells, S. pombe divides through the use of an actomyosin contractile ring, which is composed of a set of highly conserved cytoskeletal proteins. Cytokinesis in S. pombe is primarily regulated by the SIN pathway, which is activated in late mitosis and is required for actomyosin contractile ring and septum assembly, and also plays a role in spindle checkpoint inactivation, and telophase nuclear positioning. The various functions of the SIN are carried out by the terminal kinase in the pathway called Sid2. The lack of information in the downstream targets of Sid2 has limited our understanding of the different functions of the SIN. We recently showed that, in addition to its other functions, the SIN promotes cytokinesis through inhibition the MOR signaling pathway, which normally drives cell separation and initiation of polarized growth following completion of cytokinesis (Ray et al, 2010). The molecular details of this inhibition and the physiological significance of inhibiting MOR during cytokinesis was unclear. The results presented in Chapter II describe our approach to identify Sid2 substrates, particularly focusing on Nak1 and Sog2 that function in the MOR signaling cascade. We identified and characterized Sid2 phosphorylation sites on the Nak1 and Sog2 proteins. Chapter III explores how post translational modification of MOR proteins by Sid2 regulates polarized growth during cytokinesis. This includes delineating the effect of Sid2 mediated phosphorylation of Nak1 and Sog2 on protein-protein interactions in the MOR pathway as well as on the regulation of their localization during late mitosis. Finally, results in Chapter IV demonstrate that failure to inhibit MOR signaling is lethal because cells initiate septum degradation/cell separation before completing cytokinesis thereby emphasizing the importance of cross-regulation between the two pathways to prevent initiation of the interphase polarity program during cytokinesis.

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Ravenel, Kévin. "Étude des mécanismes d’adaptation des espèces du genre Scedosporium aux environnements pollués et pathogénie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune18768.

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Les champignons du genre Scedosporium sont saprophytes et pathogènes opportunistes chez l’Homme. Ces champignons présentent un tropisme particulier pour les milieux anthropisés et pollués. Plusieurs études ont révélé leur capacité à dégrader les molécules polyaromatiques issues de polluants environnementaux. Des travaux antérieurs nous ont permis de mettre en évidence que les espèces du genre Scedosporium sont capables de croître en présence de lignine. Dans l’environnement, les étapes du catabolisme des molécules polyaromatiques convergent vers un nombre limité de molécules aromatiques simples (catéchol, protocatéchuate, hydroxyquinol et gentisate) qui sont prises en charge par les voies intermédiaires centrales, également désignées sous le nom de « Fission pathways ». Une analyse bio-informatique nous a permis de caractériser les clusters de gènes dégradant ces molécules centrales chez S. apiospermum et S. aurantiacum. Des résultats expérimentaux nous ont permis de démontrer la fonctionnalité du cluster de la voie du gentisate en présence de cette molécule. Les dioxygénases qui catalysent l’ouverture du cycle benzénique, étape clé du mécanisme catabolique, sont des cibles privilégiées pour la conception de souches de délétion. Pour ce faire, la technologie CRISPR-Cas9 a été adaptée et optimisée avec succès au sein de deux souches de S. apiospermum : une souche sauvage et une souche Δku70. Pour ce faire, des protocoles différents ont été définis selon la fonctionnalité du système de réparation NHEJ. Ainsi, des souches de délétion pour le gène codant la dioxygénase ont été générées pour chacune des voies. Ces délétions impactent différemment la croissance de ces souches sur des milieux en présence des molécules centrales correspondantes. Ces résultats suggèrent, dans certaines conditions, la mise en place de mécanismes de compensation qui restent à définir. Enfin ce travail a permis d’établir pour la première fois un lien entre la dégradation des molécules aromatiques et la pathogénie d’un champignon pathogène opportuniste de l’Homme dans des expériences in vitro
Fungi of the Scedosporium genus are saprophytes, opportunistic pathogens in humans. Several studies have revealed their ability to degrade polyaromatic molecules derived from environmental pollutants. Our previous work demonstrates that species of the genus Scedosporium are able to grow in the presence of lignin. In the environment, the catabolic steps of polyaromatic molecules converge on a limited number of simple aromatic molecules (catechol, protocatechuate, hydroxyquinol and gentisate), which are handled by central intermediate pathways, also known as fission pathways. Bioinformatics analysis enabled us to characterize the gene clusters degrading these central molecules in S. apiospermum and S. aurantiacum. Experimental results demonstrate the functionality of the gentisate pathway cluster in the presence of this molecule. The dioxygenases that catalyze benzene ring opening, a key step in the catabolic mechanism, are prime targets for the design of deletion strains.To this end, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been successfully adapted and optimized in two S. apiospermum strains: a wild-type strain and a Δku70strain. To achieve this, different protocols were defined depending on the functionality of the NHEJ repair system. Thus, deletion strains for the gene encoding dioxygenase were generated for each pathway. These deletions have a different impact on the growth of these strains on media in the presence of the corresponding core molecules. Under certain conditions, these results suggest the implementation of compensatory mechanisms that remain to be defined. Finally, this work established for the first time a link between the degradation of aromatic molecules and the pathogenesis of an opportunistic fungal pathogen of man in in vitro experiments

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Didmon, Mark Paul. "Characterisation of adaption mechanisms in the intracellular signalling pathway of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe pheromone communication system." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367965.

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Wilkinson, Marc George. "Functional analysis of the STY1 stress-activated map kinase pathway of fission yeast." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286786.

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Книги з теми "Fission pathways"

Bassil, Nicholas. Molecular characterisation of the endocytic pathway using the fission yeast Schizosaccaromyces pombe. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on the Prevention of Nuclear and Biological Attack. Pathways to the bomb: Security of fissile materials abroad : hearing before the Subcommittee on [the] Prevention of Nuclear and Biological Attack of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 28, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Congress, United St, United States House of Representatives, and Committee on Homeland Security and Export Controls. Pathways to the Bomb: Security of Fissile Materials Abroad. Independently Published, 2019.

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Частини книг з теми "Fission pathways"

Hughes, David A., Yoshiyuki Imai, and Masayuki Yamamoto. "Regulation of the ras Pathway in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe." In The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes, 41–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6018-6_5.

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de Medeiros, Ana Santos, Grace Kwak, Jordan Vanderhooft, Sam Rivera, Rachel Gottlieb, and Charles S. Hoffman. "Fission Yeast-Based High-Throughput Screens for PKA Pathway Inhibitors and Activators." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 77–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_6.

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Ion, Sue. "Nuclear fission." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0008.

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This chapter will cover the nuclear fission option as a future energy supply, and will essentially address the question: can nuclear fission plug the gap until the potential of nuclear fusion is actually realized? (The potential for fusion is considered in detail chapter 7.) To put this question into context, let us first look at some of the key issues associated with nuclear fission, which currently supplies around one fifth of the UK’s electricity. Most large scale power stations produce electricity by generating steam, which is used to power a turbine. In a nuclear power station, the principle is the same, but instead of burning coal, oil, or gas to turn water into steam, the heat energy comes from a nuclear reactor. A reactor contains nuclear fuel, which remains in place for several months at a time, but over that time it generates a huge amount of energy. The fuel is usually made of uranium, often in the form of small pellets of uranium dioxide, a ceramic, stacked inside hollow metal tubes or fuel rods, which can be anything from a metre to four metres in length, depending on the reactor design. Each rod is about the diameter of a pencil, and the rods are assembled into carefully designed bundles, which in turn are fixed in place securely within the reactor. There are two isotopes (or different types) of uranium, and only one of these is a material which is ‘fissionable’—that is to say, if an atom of this uranium isotope is hit by a neutron, then it can split into two smaller atoms, giving off energy in the process and also emitting more neutrons. This, and other pathways, are illustrated in Fig. 6.1 (Source: CEA). Controlling the reaction, so that the energy from the fission of uranium atoms is given out slowly over a period of years, requires two aspects of the process to be carefully balanced. 1. First, there must be enough fissile atoms in the fuel so that—on average— each fission leads to exactly one other. Any fewer, and the reaction will die away.

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BÄHler, JÜrg, and Matthias Peter. "Cell polarity in yeast." In Cell Polarity, 21–77. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638031.003.0002.

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Abstract Eukaryotic cells respond to intracellular and extracellular cues to direct cell growth and division. Selecting sites of polarized growth and division is crucial for the development of both unicellular and multicellular organisms. The two yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) have rigid cell walls. Cellular polarization targets secretion of cell wall and other materials to restricted areas in the cell. As a result, cell polarity in these yeasts directly underlies cellular morphogenesis. Both budding and fission yeast establish cell polarity at several stages for growth, cytokinesis, mating, and sporulation. Thus, they are useful model organisms for studying various aspects of cell polarity. In recent years, many regulatory and cytoskeletal components important for directing and establishing polarity have been identified, and molecular mechanisms underlying polarity development in yeast have been elucidated. Key signalling pathways that regulate polarization during the cell cycle and mating response have been described. Since many of the components important for polarized cell growth are conserved in other organisms, the basic mechanisms mediating cell polarity are likely to be universal among eukaryotes.

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"4. Stress-activated MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways of budding and fission yeasts." In Cellular Responses to Stress, 49–62. Princeton University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400865048.49.

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Oxford, John, Paul Kellam, and Leslie Collier. "Viral replication and genetics." In Human Virology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198714682.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that viruses are at a major disadvantage in the task of reproducing themselves compared with higher forms of life. The latter all multiply by some form of fission, which ensures that the daughter cells start their existence with a full complement of genetic information, along with the enzymes necessary to replicate and catalyse the synthesis of new proteins. A virus, on the other hand, depends on the machinery of a cell. It enters the cell with nothing but its own genome, a molecule of nucleic acid that may encode for only twenty or so genes compared with 30,000 genes for a mammalian cell. The chapter explains that viruses rely heavily on the host cell for the materials they need for reproduction involving many cellular proteins and cell pathways. It shows why the replication of viruses is more complicated in some respects than that of other micro-organisms.

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Lata, Dr Suman, Mr Gagandeep, and Hardeep Kaur. "RADIOCHEMISTRY." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 19, 23–28. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgpn19p1ch3.

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The fascinating field of research known as radiochemistry focuses on the investigation of radioactive materials and related behaviours. To understand the complex interactions between matter and radiation, a multidisciplinary subject called nuclear science, chemistry, and physics are used. The fundamental process of radiochemistry is radioactive decay, in which unstable atomic nuclei transform on their own and generate alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Applications such as nuclear energy production, nuclear medicine, and environmental analysis all have their roots in our understanding of radioactive decay. The study of nuclear reactions, including both fusion and fission processes, is a key component of radiochemistry. Archaeologists and geologists can determine the age of ancient materials and artefacts using radiocarbon dating, one of radiochemistry's outstanding uses. Radiochemistry is set to open new doors as research continues. Radiochemistry is poised to open up new pathways in environmental, healthcare, and energy science as research advances, helping to create a deeper understanding of the natural world.

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Scharbaai-Vázquez, Ramón, Francisco J. López Font, and Félix A. Zayas Rodríguez. "Persistence in Chlamydia." In Infectious Diseases. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109299.

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Chlamydia spp. are important causes of acute and persistent/chronic infections. All Chlamydia spp. display a unique biphasic developmental cycle alternating between an infectious elementary body (EB) and a replicative form, the reticulate body (RB), followed by the multiplication of RBs by binary fission and progressive differentiation back into EBs. During its intracellular life, Chlamydia employs multiple mechanisms to ensure its persistence inside the host. These include evasion of diverse innate immune responses, modulation of host cell structure and endocytosis, inhibition of apoptosis, activation of pro-signaling pathways, and conversion to enlarged, non-replicative but viable “aberrant bodies” (ABs). Early research described several systems for Chlamydial persistence with a significant number of variables that make a direct comparison of results difficult. Now, emerging tools for genetic manipulations in Chlamydia and advances in global microarray, transcriptomics, and proteomics have opened new and exciting opportunities to understand the persistent state of Chlamydia and link the immune and molecular events of persistence with the pathogenesis of recurrent and chronic Chlamydial infections. This chapter reviews our current understanding and advances in the molecular biology of Chlamydia persistence.

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Hagan, Iain M., and Kathryn R. Ayscough. "Fluorescence microscopy in yeast." In Protein localization by fluorescence microscopy, 179–206. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637416.003.0008.

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Abstract The reductionist desire of the modern biologist to analyse complex problems in the genetically amenable systems which offer the fewest variables has seen yeasts come to the fore in modern cell biology as the leading model eukaryotes. Both the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe offer many advantages for the analysis of diverse aspects of cell biology. They are unicellular but also have limited options of differentiation in sexual reproduction and pseudohyphal growth. Their usual mode of growth and the tight correlation between growth and cell division have made them excellent systems for the analysis of the control of cell cycle progression. Moreover the strong classical and molecular genetics have meant that yeasts are not only a favourite of the research scientist but also appeal to the biotechnologist in their desire to produce large quantities of cloned proteins. These factors, combined with its small genome size, made budding yeast the obvious choice for a concerted effort to establish the first complete DNA sequence of a eukaryote (see Table 1 for genome website). This information in turn has heightened interest in yeast as a model system as many genes can be identified in silica and the boundaries of potential complexity of different pathways have been set. It is now known exactly how many members of a particular protein family exist in S. cerevisiae. This defines limits for modelling a particular process as the possibility that perhaps another isoform of a particular protein exists is no longer an acceptable escape clause to consolidate a flagging model.

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Armstrong, John, Erica Fawell, and Alison Pidoux. "Intracellular trafficking in fission yeast." In Protein Targeting, 87–111. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199632060.003.0004.

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Abstract The analysis of protein targeting and membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells has benefited greatly from the use of genetic methods in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The approach was introduced by Novick and Schekman, whose sec mutants define a collection of genes which function at different stages of the secretory pathway. These gene products are now the object of intense study (reviewed in reference 1); already it is clear that the general characteristics of membrane traffic are conserved between yeast and higher eukaryotes, and that several of the sec genes have homologues in mammalian cells. Genetic screens in yeast have since been used to identify mutants in other processes of membrane traffic, such as protein targeting to the vacuole (2, 3) and retention of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (4). Given the accumulation of biochemical and genetic tools now available, it is likely that S. cerevisiae will continue to be popular for studies of different aspects of protein targeting. Several excellent collections of protocols for genetics, cell biology, and biochemistry in budding yeast are now available (e.g. 5, 6).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fission pathways"

McDonnell, J. D., W. Nazarewicz, J. A. Sheikh, Audrey Chatillon, Herbert Faust, Gabriele Fioni, Dominique Goutte, and Héloise Goutte. "Thermal fission pathways in [sup 232]Th." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3258254.

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Cizek, J., J. Klecka, L. Babka, H. Hadraba, J. Kondas, R. Singh, and M. Pazderova. "Protective Mo and Fe Coatings by CS and RF-ICP for PbLi Coolant Environments in Generation IV Fission Reactors." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0780.

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Abstract Lead, lead-bismuth, or lead-lithium are candidate materials for liquid metal-based cooling media in the new generation of nuclear fission reactors and fusion systems. There are many benefits of using this concept; however, a new problem arises too: preventing degradation of structural materials that are supposed to come into a direct contact. Therefore, new steel grades are being designed, and technological workarounds are searched for. One of the pathways could be a deposition of thick, long-term stability protective coatings onto the steel surfaces. In our opening study, we have employed CS and RF-ICP technologies to deposit Mo and Fe coatings onto ferritic-type 9% Cr Eurofer steel and its ODS variant, and tested them in the PbLi environment at 600 °C for up to 1000 hours. The results suggest that the Fe coatings showed a promising resistance to the corrosive medium and are worth studying deeper.

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Mayonado, Gina, Fangyi Zhu, Winston Goldthwaite, Liangdong Zhu, John E. Anthony, Oksana Ostroverkhova, and Matt W. Graham. "Optomagneto control of singlet fission charge multiplication dynamics in single organic semiconductor crystals." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.ff2g.4.

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Over a 0-7 T range, transient absorption microscopy on anthradithiophene organic crystals shows that singlet to triplet pair state conversion is anticorrelated with fluorescence yield. This shows how the dominant singlet fission charge multiplication pathway can be switched-off with increasing B-field or by changing the molecular packing motifs.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Fission pathways"

Hughes, Joseph B. Novel Pathways of Nitroaromatic Metabolism: Hydroxylamine Formation, Reactivity and Potential for Ring Fission for Destruction of TNT-CU1214. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462163.

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Faye, S. A., and D. A. Shaughnessy. Production Pathways and Separation Procedures for High-Diagnostic-Value Activation Species, Fission Products, and Actinides Required for Preparation of Realistic Synthetic Post-Detonation Nuclear Debris: Status Report and FY16 Project Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233304.

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Matsumoto, Tomohiro. Fission Yeast Model Study for Dissection of TSC Pathway. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560751.

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Kadura, Sheila, and Shelley Sazar. Identification and Characterization of Components of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Pathway Using Fission Yeast. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408789.

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Kadura, Sheila, and Shelly Sazer. Identification and Characterization of Components of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Pathway in Fission Yeast. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421768.

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