Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / Fishing South Australia

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fishing South Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2022

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Fishing South Australia".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Fishing South Australia"

1

Raoult, V., V. Peddemors, and J. E. Williamson. "Biology of angel sharks (Squatina sp.) and sawsharks (Pristiophorus sp.) caught in south-eastern Australian trawl fisheries and the New South Wales shark-meshing (bather-protection) program." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 2 (2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15369.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Two species of angel shark (Squatina australis, S. albipunctata) and two species of sawshark (Pristiophorus nudipinnis, P. cirratus) are frequently caught in south-eastern Australia. Little is known of the biology of these elasmobranchs, despite being caught as secondary target species in large numbers. The present study collected morphometric and reproductive data from sharks caught in shark-control nets, commercial fishing trawlers and research trawlers in south-eastern Australia. All four species had female-biased sexual size dimorphism, but growth curves between sexes did not differ. Male S. australis individuals were fully mature at ~800-mm total length, male P. nudipinnis at ~900mm, and male P. cirratus at ~800mm. Anterior pectoral margins could be used to determine total length in all species. No morphometric measurement could reliably separate Squatina spp. or Pristiophorus spp., although S. albipunctata over 1000-mm total length had larger eyes than did S. australis.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

McMillan, M. N., C. Huveneers, J. M. Semmens, and B. M. Gillanders. "Partial female migration and cool-water migration pathways in an overfished shark." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy181.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Knowledge about reproductive movements can be of important conservation value for over-exploited species that are vulnerable when moving between and within key reproductive habitats. Lack of knowledge persists around such movements in the overfished school shark Galeorhinus galeus in Australia. Management assumes all pregnant females migrate between adult aggregations in the Great Australian Bight, South Australia, and nursery areas around Bass Strait and Tasmania. We tracked 14 late-term pregnant females tagged in South Australia using satellite-linked pop-up archival tags to investigate extent, timing, and routes of migrations. We found partial migration, with some females (n = 7) remaining near aggregating areas throughout the pupping season, some migrating to known nursery areas (n = 3), and one migrating ∼3 000 km to New Zealand. We conclude female movements and pupping habitats are less spatially constrained than assumed and propose females use cool-water routes along the shelf break to reduce energy costs of migration. Migrating females using these routes faced greater fishing pressure than sharks in inshore areas and were not protected by inshore shark fishing closures designed to protect them. This study demonstrates the complexity of reproductive movements that can occur in wide-ranging species and highlights the value of explicit movement data.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Lowry, Michael, and Jeff Murphy. "Monitoring the recreational gamefish fishery off south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01269.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The east coast Australian gamefish fishery is a diverse, multi-species fishery that targets billfish, sharks, tuna and other pelagic fish along the east Australian seaboard. A Gamefish Tournament Monitoring Program (GTMP) was undertaken, and 39021 angler trips from 1996 to 2000 were analysed. The program reports on trends in fishing effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of captures tagged and released and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species: black marlin (Makaira indica), striped marlin (Tetrapterus audax) and blue marlin (Makiara nigricans).The GTMP was principally designed as part of an integrated program to monitor the recreational gamefish fishery. The spatial and temporal design of the program restricted statistical analyses however, there were trends in fishing effort, directed effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of fish tagged and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species over seven successive years (1994–2000). Analysis of catch data, stratified by directed effort, indicated significant differences in catches of target species, demonstrating the importance of calculating catch rate estimates according to the main target preference. Analysis of tournament based tagging information indicated that while overall tournament tagging rates remained high (88%) there were significant differences in the number of fish tagged between species groups highlighting the impact that angler attitude and the competition point score structure has on the harvest of gamefish target species.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Barton, Diane P., Laura Taillebois, Jonathan Taylor, David A. Crook, Thor Saunders, Mark Hearnden, Alan Greig, et al. "Stock structure of Lethrinus laticaudis (Lethrinidae) across northern Australia determined using genetics, otolith microchemistry and parasite assemblage composition." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 4 (2018): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17087.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The grass emperor Lethrinus laticaudis is a conspicuous element of the commercial and recreational catch from nearshore reef systems across northern Australia. The nearshore reef systems across northern Australia are exposed to increasing levels of fishing pressure from commercial and recreational fishers. To inform ongoing management of this species, the present study examined the stock structure of L. laticaudis across northern Australia using a combination of complementary techniques. In all, 342 L. laticaudis samples were collected from 13 locations in the coastal waters of northern Australia ranging from the Pilbara region of Western Australia to Moreton Bay in south-east Queensland. Population genetic analyses using microsatellite markers demonstrated that there were at least four genetically distinct populations across northern Australia with gene flow between management jurisdictions (with significantly more separation between Western Australian and Northern Territory locations than between Northern Territory and Queensland locations). An isolation by distance effect was evident (genetic differences increasing linearly with distance). Otolith microchemistry and parasitology analyses indicated some spatial structuring of populations within broader regions. These findings of restricted connectivity at small spatial scales suggest that L. laticaudis is vulnerable to localised depletion in areas where fishing effort is concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with recent observations of fishery declines in heavily fished locations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Steele, Dominic. "Fishing in Port Jackson, New South Wales–more than met the eye." Antiquity 69, no. 262 (March 1995): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064292.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Contemporary diaries and the water-colours of artists such as the Port Jackson Painter vividly tell of Aboriginal life when the First Fleet in 1788 settled its cargo of convicts in Australia. Fishing was important around the waters of Port Jackson, whose Aboriginal inhabitants are recorded to have used the techniques of spear-fishing and angling. Were other methods also used? Fish remains from a shell midden provide an opportunity to investigate.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Stevens, JD. "Blue and Mako Shark by-catch in the Japanese Longline Fishery off South-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920227.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

During the last 10 years, up to 70 Japanese longline vessels have fished Tasmanian waters of the Australian Fishing Zone each season, targeting bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). The average seasonal fishing effort in Tasmanian waters is about 3.3 million hooks, and data from observers suggests that, this results in a by-catch of some 34 000 blue sharks (Prionace glauca) each year, representing a weight of about 275 tonnes. In the last few years, fishing effort has increased as the catch rates of southern bluefin tuna have declined. The sharks are discarded after removal of the fins. The actual number of blue sharks hooked is much higher than 34000 because many are released by either shaking or cutting them off the line, although they are often damaged in the process. The majority of blue sharks caught are immature or adolescent females. Smaller numbers of shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) are also caught and retained both for their fins and their meat. Tasmanian waters represent only one area of the Australian Fishing Zone fished by Japanese longliners.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

THIRUMARAISELVI, Ramakrishnan, and Muthusamy THANGARAJ. "Genetic Diversity Analysis of Indian Salmon, Eleutheronema tetradactylum from South Asian Countries Based on Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, no. 4 (December 13, 2015): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb749668.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Eleutheronema tetradactylum is an important commercial fish species exposed to intense exploitation both in Southeast Asian countries and Northern parts of Australia. Research on the population structure of E. tetradactylum in these coastal waters is substantial in order to ensure sustainable use and appropriate resource management. In this study, genetic variation, diversity and population structure of E. tetradactylum among four FAO fishing areas, along South Asian countries, were evaluated using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Totally 30 sequences of COI gene were collected from four FAO fishing areas. Among these 30 individuals, 18 distinct haplotypes were defined. High levels of haplotype diversity (hd = 0.952 ± 0.096) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.01536 ± 0.00312) were observed in the population within the Bay of Bengal. No haplotype and nucleotide diversity were observed in South China Sea population. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 0.81% of the genetic variation occurred within the populations, while 7.09% variation occurred among populations. Significant genealogical branches were recognized in North Australian populations (one clade), South China Sea populations (one clade), Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal populations (one clade) on the neighbor-joining tree. These results suggested that E. tetradactylum populations in FAO fishing areas 51, 57 and 61 have developed different genetic structures. Tests of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution suggest that a population growth of E. tetradactylum may take place in these fishing areas.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Harvey, Alison. "A Fishing Legend of the Jaralde Tribe of Lake Alexandrina, South Australia." Mankind 3, no. 4 (February 10, 2009): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1943.tb00162.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Freeman, Clive, Julie Freeman, and Michelle C. Langley. "Gymea and the Fishing Technologies of the New South Wales Coast, Australia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000396.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Stories are important to all modern peoples, and this behaviour was no doubt also the case during the deep past. Consequently, it is important that archaeologists understand that artefacts made and discarded thousands of years ago were woven with stories by the peoples who produced them. In some regions of the world, these stories remain accessible by collaborating with the Traditional Owners of the lands from which they were recovered, while in others such an approach is impossible. Nevertheless, researchers need to remember that items carried meaning usually invisible to those outside communities—a principle often taught and cited, but possibly not fully appreciated. Here we tell the Yuin (coastal New South Wales, Australia) story of Gymea and her connection to fishing technologies. This story is told in order to demonstrate the depth of information that is not accessible to archaeologists if Indigenous collaborators are not sought out or available.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Creighton, Colin, Paul I. Boon, Justin D. Brookes, and Marcus Sheaves. "Repairing Australia's estuaries for improved fisheries production – what benefits, at what cost?" Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 6 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14041.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

An Australia-wide assessment of ~1000 estuaries and embayments undertaken by the National Land and Water Resources Audit of 1997–2002 indicated that ~30% were modified to some degree. The most highly degraded were in New South Wales, where ~40% were classified as ‘extensively modified’ and <10% were ‘near pristine’. Since that review, urban populations have continued to grow rapidly, and increasing pressures for industrial and agricultural development in the coastal zone have resulted in ongoing degradation of Australia's estuaries and embayments. This degradation has had serious effects on biodiversity, and commercial and recreational fishing. A business case is developed that shows that an Australia-wide investment of AU$350 million into repair will be returned in less than 5 years. This return is merely from improved productivity of commercial fisheries of a limited number of fish, shellfish and crustacean species. Estuary repair represents an outstanding return on investment, possibly far greater than most of Australia's previous environmental repair initiatives and with clearly demonstrated outcomes across the Australian food and services economies.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Fishing South Australia"

1

Hill, Karen. "Investigation into surveying recreational fishing activity in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smh646.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Rotherham, Douglas. "Fisheries biology, ecology and recreational harvesting of ghost shrimp (trypaea australiensis) in south-eastern Australia." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050301.091443/index.html.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Forrest, Robyn Elizabeth. "Simulation models for estimating productivity and trade-offs in the data-limited fisheries of New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3417.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Recent shifts towards ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) around the world have necessitated consideration of effects of fishing on a larger range of species than previously. Non-selective multispecies fisheries are particularly problematic for EBFM, as they can contribute to erosion of ecosystem structure. The trade-off between catch of productive commercial species and abundance of low-productivity species is unavoidable in most multispecies fisheries. A first step in evaluation of this trade-off is estimation of productivity of different species but this is often hampered by poor data. This thesis develops techniques for estimating productivity for data-limited species and aims to help clarify EBFM policy objectives for the fisheries of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It begins with development of an age-structured model parameterised in terms of optimal harvest rate, UMSY. UMSY is a measure of productivity, comparable among species and easily communicated to managers. It also represents a valid threshold for prevention of overfishing. The model is used to derive UMSY for 54 Atlantic fish stocks for which recruitment parameters had previously been estimated. In most cases, UMSY was strongly limited by the age at which fish were first caught. However, for some species, UMSY was more strongly constrained by life history attributes. The model was then applied to twelve species of Australian deepwater dogshark (Order Squaliformes), known to have been severely depleted by fishing. Results showed that the range of possible values of UMSY for these species is very low indeed. These findings enabled a preliminary stock assessment for three dogsharks (Centrophorus spp.) currently being considered for threatened species listing. Preliminary results suggest they have been overfished and that overfishing continues. Finally, an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model, representing the 1976 NSW continental slope, is used to illustrate trade-offs in implementation of fishing policies under alternative policy objectives. Results are compared with those of a biogeochemical ecosystem model (Atlantis) of the same system, built by scientists from CSIRO. While there were large differences in model predictions for individual species, they gave similar results when ranking alternative fishing policies, suggesting that ecosystem models may be useful for exploring broad-scale strategic management options.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Gibbs, Susan Elizabeth. "Perceptions in the South Australian commercial fishing industry with regard to seals /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envg4443.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Shefi, Debra Gayle. "The development of cutters in relation to the South Australian oyster industry : an amalgamation of two parallel developing industries /." Access full text, 2006. http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/archaeology/department/publications/PDF%20Theses/Deb%20Sheffi%202006.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Thesis (M.Mar.Archaeol.) -- Flinders University, Department of Archaeology, 2006.
"A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Maritime Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Flinders University". "May 2006". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105). System requirements for remote version: Adobe Acrobat Reader to view PDF file.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Gibbs, Susan Elizabeth. "Perceptions in the South Australian commercial fishing industry with regard to seals." 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envg4443.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Bibliography: leaves 102-106. "The study investigates South Australian (SA) commercial fisheries and aquaculture operations and seal interactions by exploring perceptions in the commercial fishing industry and comparing them to 2nd Century fishers experiences. The results confirm that SA commercial fishers do interact with seals and that interactins with Australian Sea Lions may be disproportionately more than with New Zealand Fur Seals. While some commercial fishers experience is similar to 2nd Century fishers and consider interference by seals to be major hindrance and suggest culling for management of seals, in general, SA commercial fishers are open to mitigation initiatives including gear modifications, to address seal interactions. The dissertation also examines some management mitigation options to minimizing fisheries-seal interactions and offers recommendations." -- ABSTRACT

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Braccini, Juan Matias. "Assessment of ecological risks from effects of fishing to Piked Spurdog ( Squalus megalops ) in South - Eastern Australia." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37791.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Target species in some Australian shark fisheries are adequately managed, but there has been little attention given to non - target shark species and there is limited information on the biology of their local populations. Among this group of non-target species, the piked spurdog - Squalus megalops ) is of special interest because it is a dominant and ecologically important species with high natural abundance. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to improve knowledge of the basic biology of this species and to provide essential data for its management, sustainable use and conservation. Squalus megalops had a complex population structure, segregating by sex, size and breeding condition. The sex ratio was biased towards females and there was sexual size dimorphism with females attaining a larger maximum size than males. Conversion factors from partial lengths to total length and from partial masses to total mass were determined due to the common commercial fishing practice of eviscerating, beheading and finning sharks. Comparisons of total and partial length - length and mass - length relationships between males and females using different ranges of size showed that there was no effect of size range on measurements reflecting only somatic growth ( fork and carcass lengths ; carcass, pectoral fin and caudal fin masses ). However, for variables reflecting somatic and reproductive growth ( total and liver masses ), different outcomes can be expected when different ranges of size are compared. Examination of dietary composition revealed that S. megalops is an opportunistic predator that consumes a wide range of prey items. High variability was found when overall importance of prey items was estimated. Dietary composition varied in space and time, exhibiting differences among regions, seasons and size classes. Therefore, the intrinsic natural variability in the dietary composition of S. megalops and its spatial and temporal variation in diet suggest that information on the ecological relationships among species is likely to be missed when predator - prey interactions are only inferred from overall diet. Reproductive parameters were determined for population assessment. For both sexes, length - at - maturity differed depending on the criterion adopted for defining maturity. Mature males are capable of mating throughout the year. Females have a continuous asynchronous reproductive cycle. The sex ratio of embryos is 1 : 1 and litter size and nearterm embryo size increase with maternal length. Females have an ovarian cycle and gestation period of two years. Although all females are mature at 600 mm, only 50 % of them are in maternal condition, contributing to annual recruitment each year. Hence, for chondrichthyan species with reproductive cycles of two, three or more years, if maturity ogives are used in population assessments instead of maternity ogives, the models will over - estimate recruitment rates. Age and growth information was also determined for population assessment. Precision estimates, the relationship between spine total length and body length, edge analysis, and agreement between counts on the inner dentine layer and the enameled surface support the use of the first dorsal fin spine for the age estimation of S. megalops. Based on goodness - of - fit criterion, the best growth model for males and females was a two - phase von Bertalanffy function. However, model selection cannot be based on quality of statistical fit only and results should be interpreted with caution. Regardless of the model used, the growth rate of S. megalops, particularly of females, is very low, even within the range of growth rates reported for shark species. A three - levelled hierarchical risk assessment approach was trialed to evaluate the suitability of the approach for S. megalops. Integration of qualitative, semi - quantitative, and quantitative biological and fishing impact data showed that S. megalops is potentially highly susceptible to the effects of fishing. A qualitative assessment indicated that the only fishing related activities to have moderate or high impact on S. megalops were those associated with ' capture fishing ' of the otter trawl, Danish seine, gillnet and automatic longline methods. A semi - quantitative assessment ranked S. megalops at risk because of its low biological productivity and, possibly, its catch susceptibility from cumulative effects across the separate fishing methods. Finally, a quantitative assessment showed that population growth is slow even under the assumption of density - dependent compensation where the fishing mortality rate equals the natural mortality rate. Therefore, conservation and management for sustainable use of S. megalops will require a close control of fishing mortality due to the low capacity of this species to withstand fishing pressure.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Braccini, Juan Matías. "Assessment of ecological risks from effects of fishing to Piked Spurdog (Squalus megalops) in South-Eastern Australia." 2006. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20060519.153928.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Environmental Biology, 2006.
"January 2006" Bibliography: pages 188-209. Also available in print form.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Книги з теми "Fishing South Australia"

1

E, Johnson J. Spearfishing competitions in South Australia, 1983-1984. Adelaide, S. Aust: Dept. of Fisheries, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Wallace-Carter, Evelyn. For they were fishers: The history of the fishing industry in South Australia. [Adelaide]: Amphitrite Pub. House, 1987.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Group, Western Australia South Coast Recreational Fishing Working. A five year management strategy for recreational fishing on the South Coast of Western Australia: Final report of the South Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group. Perth, WA: Dept. of Fisheries, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Barker, Jimmie. The two worlds of Jimmie Barker: The life of an Australian Aboriginal, 1900-1972. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

How To Fish South Australia A Complete Guide To Fishing In SA. Fishing World Pty Ltd, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Harris, Rhondda, Bartolomeo Puglisi, and Musharella Puglisi. Port Lincoln's Bartolomeo Puglisi: Celebrating 50 Years of Prawn Fishing in South Australia. Wakefield Press Pty, Limited, 2018.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Частини книг з теми "Fishing South Australia"

1

Attenbrow, Val. "Aboriginal fishing in Port Jackson, and the introduction of shell fish-hooks to coastal New South Wales, Australia." In The Natural History of Sydney, 16–34. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.004.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Gaynor, Andrea. "Shifting Baselines or Shifting Currents? An Environmental History of Fish and Fishing in the South-West Capes Region of Western Australia." In Historical Perspectives of Fisheries Exploitation in the Indo-Pacific, 231–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8727-7_12.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Barker, Graeme. "Understanding Foragers." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0007.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Hunter-gatherer or forager societies, as the names imply, have been defined first and foremost by their mode of subsistence: ‘hunting of wild animals, gathering of wild plants, and fishing, with no domestication of plants, and no domesticated animals except the dog’ (Lee and Daly, 1999: 3). Another recent survey develops this defining characteristic in the following terms: ‘the absence of direct human control over the reproduction of exploited species, and little or no control over other aspects of population ecology such as the behaviour and distribution of food resources. In essence, hunter-gatherers exercise no deliberate alteration of the gene pool of exploited resources’ (Panter-Brick et al., 2001b: 2, their italics). In addition to this primary characteristic of ‘not being farmers’, there are or have been two other very common features amongst recent and contemporary forager societies, as Lee and DeVore (1968b: 11) commented in their opening essay to the seminal Man the Hunter volume: ‘(1) they live in small groups, and (2) they move around a lot’. At the end of the Pleistocene, forager societies peopled most regions of the world, at most latitudes. By the middle of the second millennium ad, foragers still occupied a third of the globe including all of Australia and most of North America, and large tracts of South America, Africa, North, and North-East Asia. Yet in recent centuries foragers have ‘retreated precipitously in the face of the steamroller ofmodernity’ (Lee and Daly, 1999: 1), occupying only those areas where farmers simply cannot go, or where farming is so marginal as to be uneconomic (Fig. 2.1). Many societies frequently cited in archaeological textbooks as examples of forager societies today, like the !Kung-San of the Kalahari, in fact also practise cultivation or herding on a small scale, and others depend heavily on trade with neighbouring farmers for staple foods. It is extremely difficult to translate foragers’ behaviour as recorded today or in the recent past into theories of general applicability to the world’s prehistoric foraging population prior to farming. The task is all the more complicated by the remoteness of the everyday lives of foragers (present and past) from western Europeans, a remoteness that has given rise to two enduring currents in European philosophical thinking about such societies: that they are alien savages on the one hand, or innocents close to the state of nature on the other (Barnard, 1999).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

"Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns." In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, edited by Peter R. Todd. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch27.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<em>Abstract.</em>—The New Zealand eel fishery comprises two species, the shortfin eel <em>Anguilla australis </em>and the New Zealand longfin eel <em>A. dieffenbachii</em>. A third species, the speckled longfin eel <em>A. reinhardtii</em>, is present in small numbers in some areas. Major fisheries in New Zealand are managed under the Quota Management System. Individual transferable quotas are set as a proportion of an annual total allowable commercial catch. The Quota Management System was introduced into the South Island eel fishery on 1 October 2000 and the North Island fishery on 1 October 2004. Freshwater eels have particular significance for customary Maori. Management policies allow for customary take and the granting of commercial access rights on introduction into the Quota Management System. Eel catches have remained relatively constant since the early 1970s. The average annual catch from 1989–1990 to 2001–2002 (fishing year) was 1,313 mt. Catch per unit effort remained constant from 1983 to 1989 and reduced from 1990 to 1999. Statistically significant declines in catch per unit effort for New Zealand longfin eel were found in some areas over the latter period. For management, an annual stock-assessment process provides an update on stock status.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!