Дисертації з теми "Fish stress"
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Dunlop, R. A. "Stress and pain in fish." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269065.
Повний текст джерелаMillsopp, S. "Pain, Stress and Welfare of Fish." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527874.
Повний текст джерелаHashimoto, Hisashi. "STUDIES ON STRESS RESPONSE OF FISH CELLS." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157119.
Повний текст джерелаKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7412号
農博第996号
新制||農||763(附属図書館)
学位論文||H10||N3158(農学部図書室)
UT51-98-G341
京都大学大学院農学研究科水産学専攻
(主査)教授 坂口 守彦, 教授 内田 有恆, 教授 宮本 元
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Beaumont, Timothy Martin. "Regulation of stress hormone receptors in fish cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366436.
Повний текст джерелаØverli, Øyvind. "Behavioural and Neuroendocrine Effects of Stress in Salmonid Fish." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5007-5/.
Повний текст джерелаLinden, Melissa. "The effects of exercise and fish oil on oxidative stress." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5909.
Повний текст джерелаThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 30, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
Reeves, James Frederick. "The role of stress and dietary micronutrients in fish health." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2415.
Повний текст джерелаTakeuchi, Kazuharu. "STUDIES ON THE FISH TAURINE TRANSPORTER INDUCED BY HYPEROSMOTIC STRESS." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150776.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9005号
農博第1187号
新制||農||821(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3524(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-F335
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 坂口 守彦, 教授 田中 克, 教授 林 勇夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Miller, Lana L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effects of selenium on the physiological stress response in fish." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/397.
Повний текст джерелаxiii, 150 leaves ; 29 cm.
Zha, Yinghua. "Assembly of Gut Microbial Communities in Freshwater Fish and Their Roles in Fish Condition." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Limnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314235.
Повний текст джерелаKhosla, Maya. "Relations among biochemical, individual, and community indicators of stress in fish : stream degradation in the Clinch River drainage /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172206/.
Повний текст джерелаJones, J. C. "Trade-offs in fish reproduction of the common goby to oxygen stress." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389349.
Повний текст джерелаLennard, R. "Environmental stress factors and their effects upon the isolated heart and gut of the flounder." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235211.
Повний текст джерелаLupica, Samuel J. "Nitrate Toxicity to Common Carp Measured Noninvasively by Novel Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Cortisol." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1226956326.
Повний текст джерелаEdmonds, Elizabeth Jane. "Non-invasive measures of stress in ornamental fish in response to husbandry practices." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732975.
Повний текст джерелаJeffrey, Jennifer D. "The Roles of Social Status, Maternal Stress, and Parental Investment in Modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal Axis Function in Teleost Fish." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31628.
Повний текст джерелаMassarsky, Andrey. "Characterizing the Biochemical and Toxicological Effects of Nanosilver in vivo Using Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and in vitro Using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30665.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Ricardo Jorge Silva. "Mercury contamination and oxidative stress responses in the eye of wild fish (Liza aurata)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14024.
Повний текст джерелаEvery animal uses the eyes to monitor the surrounding environment and maintain homeostasis. Mercury (Hg) (including methylmercury - MeHg) is a pernicious and ubiquitous contaminant in natural waters but the assessment of its potential to interfere with fish eyes is an almost unexplored issue. This thesis will contribute to fill this knowledge gap by the evaluation of mercury accumulation in grey mullet eye wall (Liza aurata) together with the assessment of biochemical endpoints related with the oxidative stress status. This approach was complemented by the characterization of environmental contamination profiles (both in water and sediment). The study was performed at Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), where a well-established mercury historical contamination gradient provides a good background for the assessment of mercury accumulation and its toxic effects under realistic conditions. Sampling was conducted in two sites distancing around 10 km, namely: Largo do Laranjo (LAR) located in the most contaminated area, and São Jacinto (SJ) closer to the lagoon inlet and selected as reference site. Keeping in view that water temperature could affect Hg accumulated levels and biochemical responses, sampling was carried out both in winter (February 2013) and summer (June 2013). L.aurata specimens (n=20) were caught at each site/season and eye wall was removed and preserved in the field. Eye wall was analysed for total Hg and MeHg levels, as well as for antioxidant responses (catalase- CAT, SOD – superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase- GPx, glutathione reductase- GR, glutathione–S-transferase - GST) and peroxidative damage (LPO). Inorganic mercury levels were estimated from total mercury and methylmercury levels. Total mercury, inorganic mercury and methylmercury in eye wall were higher at LAR than SJ in winter and summer, reflecting environmental spatial differences of water column and surface sediments. Moreover, fish caught at LAR in winter showed a significant decrease of CAT and SOD, while GST and GR exhibited the same tendency but without statistical support. Peroxidative damage was also recorded as indicated by the LPO enhancement. A much more homogenous spatial pattern was recorded for those biological endpoints in summer, since only the increment of GR and GPx was noticed at LAR. Cause-effect relationships between accumulated mercury (inorganic and methylmercury) were searched by the principal component analysis (PCA). An association between both forms of mercury and GPx and LPO was discerned by PCA. Current data point out the vulnerability of fish eyes to water contaminants, namely mercury. This neurotoxicant can be accumulated in eye wall leading to alterations in the cellular protection against oxidative stress. Such repercussions could eventually compromise fish performance and survival.
Todos os animais usam os olhos para monitorizar o ambiente circundante e manter a homeostase. O Mercúrio (Hg) (incluindo o metilmercúrio - MeHg) é um contaminante pernicioso e omnipresente em águas naturais, mas a avaliação do seu potencial para interferir com olhos de peixe é um problema maioritariamente inexplorado. Esta tese irá contribuir para preencher a lacuna de conhecimento correspondente à avaliação da acumulação de mercúrio na parede do olho de tainha-garrento (Liza aurata), juntamente com a avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados com o estado de stresse oxidativo. Esta abordagem foi complementada pela caracterização dos perfis de contaminação ambiental (tanto na água como no sedimento). O estudo foi realizado na Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), onde um gradiente bem estabelecido de contaminação histórica de mercúrio fornece um bom plano de fundo para o estudo de acumulação de mercúrio e os seus efeitos tóxicos sob condições realistas. A amostragem foi realizada em dois locais, distanciados em cerca de 10 km: Largo do Laranjo (LAR), a área mais contaminada, e São Jacinto (SJ), localizado mais perto da entrada da lagoa, tendo sido selecionado como o local de referência. Considerando que a temperatura da água pode afetar os níveis de Hg acumulado e as consequentes respostas bioquímicas, a amostragem foi realizada tanto no inverno (Fevereiro de 2013) e verão (Junho de 2013). Espécimes de L. aurata (n = 20) foram capturados em cada local/estação e o olho foi removido e preservado no campo. Estas amostras foram analisadas em relação a níveis totais de Hg e de MeHg e em relação à resposta antioxidante (catalase-CAT, SOD – superóxido dismutase, glutationa peroxidase-GPx, glutationa redutase-GR, glutationa-S-transferase - GST) e dano peroxidativo (LPO). Os níveis de mercúrio inorgânico foram estimados a partir dos níveis de mercúrio total e metilmercúrio. Mercúrio total, mercúrio inorgânico e metilmercúrio no olho foram superiores em LAR (em relação a SJ) tanto no inverno como no verão, refletindo diferenças espaciais ambientais na coluna de água e no sedimento superficial. Além disso, os peixes recolhidos em LAR no inverno demonstraram uma diminuição significativa na atividade da CAT e SOD, enquanto GST e GR exibiram a mesma tendência, mas sem suporte estatístico. A quantidade de LPO aumentou significativamente, e foram também registados danos peroxidativos indicados pelo aumento de LPO no olho de peixes recolhidos em LAR no inverno. No verão foi registado um padrão espacial muito mais homogéneo para esses parâmetros biológicos, uma vez que apenas o aumento da GR e da GPx foram registados em LAR. As relações de causa-efeito entre acumulação de mercúrio (inorgânico e metilmercúrio) foram pesquisadas através de uma análise de componentes principais (PCA). Uma associação entre as duas formas de mercúrio, GPx e LPO foi evidenciada pelo PCA. Dados atuais apontam para a aparente vulnerabilidade dos olhos de peixe a contaminantes da água, ou seja, mercúrio. Este neurotóxico pode acumular no olho, levando a alterações na proteção celular contra o stresse oxidativo. Tais repercussões eventualmente podem comprometer o desempenho do peixe e a sua sobrevivência.
Ribas, Cabezas Laia. "Functional genomics in fish: towards understanding stress and immune responses at a molecular level." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3778.
Повний текст джерелаEn resum, aquesta tesis doctoral ha aplicat el desenvolupament de noves tecnologies moleculars pioneres en peixos, com el microarray, la clonació de noves seqüències gèniques i la bioinformàtica, per estudiar la genòmica funcional dels peixos en situacions d'activació dels mecanismes d'estrès i del sistema immune.
The main results of the present thesis can be integrated to a better understanding the stress and the immune responses in fish at a transcriptional level. The application of functional genomic tools, which encloses from using simple PCR analysis to more modern, sophisticate and fashionable microarray technique, allowed us to identified transcriptional regulations of certain set of genes which are enhanced or repressed under stress conditions. Our findings contribute to increase knowledge of molecular mechanism involved in coping the stress and immune responses in fish and provides a better understanding of fish physiology when fish health is threatened. Furthermore, thesis results may be interesting for aquaculture which looks for good biomolecular markers that may improve fish production and fish quality. The isolation, characterization and gene expression study with further microarray analysis of the enolase gene, allowed us to describe enolase as a possible biomolecular marker to determine fish welfare. The in situ hybridization study of the hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1, contributed to amplify the knowledge of the development of the fish immune system. Throughout this thesis, DNA sequences and mRNA expression levels of several genes studied, have contributed to enlarged genomic fish database.
In summary, this thesis described from a transcriptional level, gene expression and molecular mechanisms activated or repressed when fish welfare is threatened and contributes to a better understanding of transcriptiomic mechanisms required to cope with the stress.
Quinn, Amie L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The impacts of agricultural chemicals and temperature on the physiological stress response in fish." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbirdge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/676.
Повний текст джерелаix, 137 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
Maudling, Stuart. "Modulation of the health status of ornamental fish by stress and dietary immuno-stimulants." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2761.
Повний текст джерелаPrice, Michael-Anthony. "Effects of intoxication by environmental pollutants on immune responsiveness in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242262.
Повний текст джерелаChung, Ming-long, and 鍾名朗. "The regulation of lipid peroxidation and pheromone production in medaka fish under exogenous oxidative stress." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209487.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Dibo. "Effect of peracetic acid at low concentrations on fish health and water quality." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18516.
Повний текст джерелаPeracetic acid (PAA) has been recently introduced to aquaculture as a sustainable disinfectant. It has great advantages over conventional disinfectants by having high effectiveness and low environmental impact at very low concentrations (around 1 mg L-1). The application of PAA in aquaculture facilities is realized by adding PAA products to the rearing water. This leads to unavoidable exposure of fish and microorganisms (surface-attached and waterborne) to PAA. Consequently, a potential impact of PAA on fish health and microbial activities is expected. This potential impact, however, has been poorly studied. In aquaculture practice, two strategies are broadly used to apply PAA: short term high dose (1-2 mg L-1 PAA) periodic/pulse applications or continuous low dose (≤ 0.2 mg L-1 PAA) application related to the makeup water flow. The potential difference between these two strategies remains unclear, especially concerning their impacts on fish health and water quality. In the present study, the impact of PAA on fish health and microbial activities was tested in identical flow-through systems controlled with optimal water quality. Rainbow trout was selected as the model fish. Various parameters of stress, oxidative stress, growth, gill histology and innate cellular/humoral immunity were measured to indicate fish health. Oxygen, pH and visible biofilm formation were continuously monitored to interpret changes of microbial activities. In addition, the application strategies, biweekly pulse applications of 1 mg L-1 PAA in the rearing water and the continuous application of 0.2 mg L-1 PAA in the inflow, were compared. The results indicate that pulse applications of 1 mg L-1 PAA stressed the naïve fish during the first exposure, while the continuous application not. Fish could progressively adapt to PAA-induced stress, as indicated by less intensive behavioral reaction, reduced cortisol release and unaffected response to another stressor. Although the exposure to PAA induced slight hyperplasia in fish gill, the growth and innate immunity were affected, indicating unaffected overall health. PAA induced oxidative stress in fish, regardless of the application strategies. In response, fish enhanced their antioxidative defense, especially in gill and serum, to scavenge excessive free radicals induced by exposure to PAA. Despite of extremely low PAA concentration measured during the continuous application, the constant input of PAA induced a constant mild oxidative stress to fish. In contrast, the oxidative stress induced by pulse 1 mg L-1 PAA applications was periodic present. Consequently, fish had periodic recovery phases when the pulse PAA applications were absent. The lack of recovery phases in fish exposed to the continuous PAA application resulted in a significant reduction of antiprotease activity in serum. This implies a potential risk of chronic inflammation. The antimicrobial effect of PAA depended on applied concentration. The pulse applications of 1 mg L-1 PAA strongly inhibit microbial activities by inducing a strong oxidative stress. As a result, the biofilm in fish tanks was nearly erased, and the microbial oxygen consumption and nitrification were inhibited. In contrast, the PAA concentration during the continuous application was so low that only a minor antimicrobial effect was observed. In addition, the degradation products, acetic acid and acetate, were beneficial for the biofilm formation by providing organic carbon. The enhanced biofilm may become a potential risk by providing protective shed for opportunistic pathogens. Due to the strong antimicrobial effect and low risk to affect fish health, it’s recommended to apply PAA periodic at high concentrations (1-2 mg L-1) with sufficient intervals. The impact of PAA on fish health and water quality was also tested in a mirror carp recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) challenged with bad water quality. The challenge of bad water quality was realized by transient water stops in fish tanks. Simultaneous to the transient water stops, PAA at 1 mg L-1 was applied. The stress, gill histology and innate cellular immunity were compared in fish with or without simultaneous PAA treatments. The transient water stops caused a 6-fold increase of heterotrophic bacterial density in water, while the simultaneous PAA treatments caused a 90% decrease of heterotrophic bacterial density. The strong antibacterial effect of PAA significantly improved the gill health of fish, and effectively prevented bacterial infections, which were short-term present in fish exposed to transient water stops alone. To sum up, PAA applied periodically at 1-2 mg L-1 in optimal water quality is effective to maintain the water quality at a low cost of scarifying fish health. In production-scale aquaculture facilities, where the water quality is often deteriorated by high stocking density and organic load, regular applications of PAA are especially beneficial to enhance fish health and prevent potential infections.
Dagar, Anurag. "Supplementation of fish feed with the microalga Parietochloris incisa : effect on stress and disease resistance /." [Sede-Boker, Israel] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2007. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/DagarAnurag.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCarbajal, Brossa Annaïs. "Cortisol in skin mucus and scales as a measure of fish stress and habitat quality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664068.
Повний текст джерелаEl análisis del cortisol circulante, el producto final de la activación del eje hipotalámicopituitario- interrenal (HPI), ha sido la metodología más usada en los estudios de estrés en peces. Para evitar los inconvenientes inherentes al muestreo de sangre, el cortisol se puede analizar de forma menos invasiva en la secreción mucosa cutánea de los peces. Las concentraciones de cortisol en mucus han demostrado ser un buen indicador de estrés en peces de piscifactoría expuestos a diferentes tipos de estrés agudo. Dado que este tipo de muestra refleja la actividad del eje HPI a corto plazo, y el creciente interés de la comunidad científica en estudiar los incrementos crónicos de cortisol, recientemente, las escamas de los peces han resultado ser un biomaterial con la capacidad de reflejar la actividad del eje HPI a largo plazo. Al tratarse de medidas relativamente nuevas, aún faltan muchos aspectos por estudiar, principalmente los relacionados con la capacidad de estas muestras para reflejar la actividad del eje. Además, la medición de cortisol en mucus y en escamas de peces en estado salvaje podría ofrecer ventajas tanto prácticas como conceptuales. Aún así, antes de ser usadas con finalidades de conservación o gestión, entre otras, es necesario hacer una validación biológica exhaustiva de cada una de estas matrices. Por lo tanto, esta tesis se realizó con el objetivo general de validar la medición de cortisol en mucus cutáneo (MCC por sus siglas en inglés) y en escama (SCC), y evaluar el uso de estos métodos como potenciales herramientas para estudiar la calidad del hábitat. En un primer lugar, se validó satisfactoriamente el protocolo de extracción de hormonas en estas matrices y la cuantificación de cortisol mediante inmunoensayo enzimático. Con la metodología validada, estudiamos la capacidad de MCC y SCC para representar eventos biológicos de interés. La MCC demostró reflejar con más exactitud la respuesta aguda de estrés que la crónica. Además, los resultados también revelaron que las MCC podrían ser usadas como una metodología alternativa y no invasiva para evaluar la actividad del eje HPI en peces salvajes de río de la especie Squalius laietanus (bagra catalana) en su hábitat natural. Finalmente, las SCC demostraron ofrecer información integrada, retrospectiva y a largo plazo de la actividad del eje HPI en peces sujetos a situaciones de estrés crónico y continuado. Habiendo demostrado la importancia biológica de ambas matrices, pudimos estudiar si estas dos medidas son igualmente válidas para ser potencialmente utilizadas como bioindicadoras de la calidad del hábitat. Se observó que los peces residentes de hábitats con diferente grado de polución presentaban diferencias significativas en las MCC, sugiriendo que esta herramienta podría ser usada como bioindicador de la calidad del hábitat en peces que habitan aguas contaminadas. Aunque no se detectaron diferencias en las SCC entre hábitats, las SCC aumentaron de forma significativa coincidiendo con un periodo potencialmente estresante para la especie. Estos resultados podrían indicar que las SCC están más influenciadas por periodos transitorios energéticamente exigentes que por factores estresantes crónicos. En general, esta tesis ofrece una base para futuros estudios que utilicen el mucus cutáneo y las escamas para medir las concentraciones de cortisol en peces, a la vez que demuestra el potencial de estas matrices para poder ser usadas como herramientas de evaluación de impacto ambiental en fauna salvaje. Además, abre nuevas líneas de investigación cuyo abordaje puede clarificar, aún más, el elevado potencial de estas matrices como medidas de estrés en peces.
The analysis of circulating cortisol, the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis activation, has been by far the most common method used as a means to assess fish stress responses. To avoid the drawbacks inherent to blood sampling, cortisol can be lessinvasively analysed in fish skin mucus. The measurement of cortisol concentrations in skin mucus has been shown to be a good stress indicator in farm fish exposed to different acute stressors. Given that this type of sample reflects the short-term activity of the HPI axis, and the growing interest in assessing chronic increases of cortisol, fish scales have been recently recognized as a biomaterial able to reflect the long-term HPI axis activity. There are, however, primary gaps in the knowledge on the degree to which the cortisol content in these samples represents the activity of the HPI axis. In addition, cortisol measurement in both skin mucus and scale samples could offer many practical and conceptual advantages when being applied in wildlife. Nevertheless, before being employed in free-ranging animals for conservation, management or other purposes, each of these new matrices needs to be fully biologically validated. Accordingly, the present thesis was conducted with the general objective to validate the measurement of skin mucus cortisol concentrations (MCC) and scale cortisol concentrations (SCC) and evaluate the applicability of these methods as potential tools to assess habitat quality. We first validated a protocol for hormone extraction in these matrixes and the quantification of cortisol by enzyme immunoassay. After methodological validation, we aimed to examine whether MCC and SCC reflect biological events of interest. Levels of MCC demonstrated to reliably reflect acute stress responses, however, we suggest caution when applying this method for chronic stress assessments. Findings also revealed that MCC could be used as an alternative, non-invasive approach to assess the HPI axis activity in a wild freshwater fish (Catalan chub, Squalius laietanus) within its natural environment. Finally, measurements of SCC proved to reliably offer a retrospective, long-term, integrated measure of the HPI axis activity in fish subjected to long-term continuous stress. Having demonstrated the biological significance of both matrices, it is possible to study whether these measures are equally valid as potential bioindicators of habitat quality. Levels of MCC differed between habitats of different pollution gradient revealing that this metric could be potentially used as a bioindicator of habitat quality in fish residing contaminated streams. Although SCC remained unchanged between habitats, we observed an increase in SCC concurring with a temporarily stressful period, suggesting that transient energetically demanding periods could influence the deposition of cortisol in fish scales. Overall, this thesis offers guidance on the future measurement of cortisol levels in both skin mucus and scales, and its potential use in evaluating environmental impacts in free-living organisms. Moreover, it opens up new relevant research questions that should be addressed to further illustrate the high potential of skin mucus and scale cortisol as a proxy measure for stress.
De, Polo Anna. "An integrated multidisciplinary approach to study the effects of copper and osmotic stress in fish." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9210.
Повний текст джерелаAlfonso, Sébastien. "Interactions entre traits de personnalité des téléostéens, environnement et polluants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG083/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the frame of this thesis, we first studied the establishment of personality in teleost, the consistency across context and different life stages as well as the associated physiological mechanisms. Personality appeared consistent across contexts over a short time period but it was no longer the case over a long period of time, especially between different life stages. Physiological mechanisms of stress regulation, as well as activity and neural plasticity, differed according to individual boldness. Then, we studied the physiological and behavioural responses of teleost fish chronically exposed to an environmentally relevant mixture of POP (PCBs and PBDEs), as well as those of their unexposed offspring. Different behavioural alterations in larval photomotor response, boldness and a behavioural syndrome linked to anxiety have been observed between generations up to the F2 or F4 generations. Alterations in the expression of enzymes responsible of DNA methylation were also observed suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the transmission of these behavioural alterations in unexposed offspring. Behaviour was also studied under stressful water quality conditions in order to set behavioural welfare indicators. Results showed that individuals cope with these alterations in oxygen levels or NH3 concentration by decreasing their swimming activity and group cohesion. In addition, we observed that the normal thigmotaxis behaviour was inhibited during exposure to degraded water quality. It suggests a hierarchy of behavioural adaptations depending on stress severity. Finally, we studied the behavioural responses to a decrease in oxygen level according to personality: bold individuals decreased their activity and swimming cohesion with greater amplitude than shy individuals which decreased with higher amplitude thigmotaxis behaviour. These abilities to cope with stress, depending on the personality of teleost fish, bring new perspectives to face both ecological and aquaculture issues
Mogashoa, M. E. "Seasonal variation in haematological parameters and oxidative stress bio-markers for selected fish species collected from the Flag Boshielo Dam, Olifants River System, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1188.
Повний текст джерелаWater is an essential and yet scarce resource, which has a vital role for human use and also serve as a habitat for numerous organisms in aquatic environments. Despite its scarcity there have been many reports indicating that it is continually polluted by domestic, agricultural, mining and other anthropogenic activities; subsequently affecting the health of organisms residing in such water bodies. Fish have been selected as the bio-monitoring species due to its direct interaction with the environment; thereby making it an appropriate model to monitor and evaluate the health status of the environment. The feral population of the alien species, Hypopthalmichtys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) commonly known as the silver carp in Flag Boshielo Dam has been considered a healthy population. However, this perception changed considerably after reports of lethargic, dying fish were first noted in 2011. Currently the sporadic deaths amongst mature specimens (>0.7m) persist; and the reason(s) for their demise remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to employ a seasonal study design to investigate the health status of selected fish species such as H. molitrix in Flag Boshielo Dam by evaluating haematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and bio-accumulation levels of particular transition metals. Seasonal surveys were carried out from February 2012 to January 2013 at Flag Boshielo Dam, Olifants River System, Limpopo Province. The locality surrounding the dam is known to be in an agriculture and mining catchment. Hypopthalmichtys molitrix and Labeo rosae (Steindachner, 1894) commonly known as the rednose labeo were collected with the use of scoop nets, conventional angling gear and gill nets. Following collection, morphometric measurements were taken and blood was collected. The blood samples required for further analysis at the Medical Science Department, University of Limpopo were kept on ice (4˚C). After the collection of all blood samples the specific fish was sacrificed and muscle samples were collected for bio-accumulation analysis and gills and liver samples were collected for the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers. These tissue samples were rapidly frozen and kept frozen (-85˚C) until further analysis. Haematological parameters from the study reflected a variation amongst comparison of the inter- and intra-species. It was observed that mature H. molitrix suffered from anaemia. The response of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was relatively constant throughout all seasons when the young (<0.5m) and mature H. molitrix (0.6 – 0.90m) specimens were compared. However, the catalase (CAT) response of mature H. molitrix was dramatically impaired. This would increase their vulnerability to oxidative stress. Bioaccumulation levels of the eleven selected transition elements exhibited various trends. Metals such as Molybdenum (Mo), Vanadium (V), (Chromium) Cr, Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) exhibited seasonal bio-accumulation levels that were in support of the various feeding behaviours of the fish species in this study. On the other hand, metals such as Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) also illustrated the potential to be contributing factors in the death of the mature specimens. In conclusion, the findings from this study illustrate the complex nature of metabolic disturbances resulting in the death of mature H. molitrix specimens. It is clear that no single aspect investigated in this study could be solely implicated as the major cause of death. This multifactorial presentation necessitates further haematological assessment focussing on blood cell morphology and pathology, as well as investigations into other oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and gill tissue. In addition, identifying the most appropriate tissue type for future bio-accumulation measurements of transition metals in this feral population is necessitated. It is further suggested that neuro-muscular assessments, focussing on neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (Ach), form part of the investigation into the lethargic behaviour of the mature fish.
Cardoso, Olívia Albuquerque. "Oxidative stress profiles in brain of fish (Diplodus sargus) upon exposure to mercury in organic and inorganic forms." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15401.
Повний текст джерелаFish brain demonstrated to be a target organ for organic mercury forms (mainly methylmercury – MeHg). However, there is little information on the neurotoxicity of divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and its ability to accumulate in fish brain. The prevalent information on MeHg is likely based in the perception of its higher toxicity associated with rapid uptake and distribution. Nevertheless, it has been also stated that the different forms of Hg share the same toxic chemical entity and, thus, neurotoxicity depends mainly on the environmental bioavailability. To clarify this research gap, two experiments comprising exposure and post-exposure periods were performed with juveniles of white seabream (Diplodus sargus), namely: experiment A - waterborne exposure to Hg(II) (2 ìg L-1); experiment B - dietary exposure to MeHg (8.7 ìg g-1). Both experiments followed the same experimental design, consisting in 4 exposure periods (E) (days 1, 3, 7 and 14) and 2 post-exposure periods (PE) (days 14 and 28). A control group was kept throughout both experiments in clean seawater or fed with uncontaminated food. At each time, brain was collected for determination of total Hg (tHg) (Experiment A), MeHg (experiment B) and oxidative stress endpoints (both experiments). Though Hg accumulation reached maximum values in brain of both experiments after 14 days of exposure, the highest levels were reached upon exposure to MeHg (7.0 ìg g-1 vs. 1.4 ìg g-1 for HgCl2). Interestingly, fish brain exposed to HgCl2 was not able to eliminate Hg, while MeHg levels decreased significantly in the post-exposure period (to a mean of 3.5 ìg g-1). Moreover, there was a poor activation of antioxidant defenses in fish brain exposed to Hg(II), mainly characterized by increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. The low protection afforded by antioxidants (confirmed by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decrease) was probably on the basis of oxidative damage, as revealed by the enhancement of protein carbonyl groups in exposure and post-exposure periods. MeHg accumulation led to a different scenario, mainly characterized by an activation of antioxidant defenses (SOD, catalase (CAT), GPx, glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione content (GSHt)) that were able to prevent oxidative damage on proteins and lipids. Despite the higher accumulation of MeHg in fish brain, there was a higher vulnerability of fish brain to Hg(II), depicted in the occurrence of oxidative damage and less responsiveness of the antioxidant systems. Thus, Hg(II) revealed a higher neurotoxicity potential, pointing out the relevance to consider this Hg form, together with MeHg, in further studies concerning wildlife and human health.
O cérebro de peixes mostrou ser um órgão-alvo de varias formas orgânicas de mercúrio (Hg), principalmente metilmercurio (MeHg). Pelo contrario, o conhecimento da neurotoxicidade do mercúrio divalente . Hg(II) . e a sua capacidade de acumulação em cérebro de peixes e muito escasso. A prevalência de informação sobre a neurotoxicidade de MeHg baseia-se, provavelmente, na perceção da sua elevada toxicidade, associada há sua rápida entrada no organismo e elevada distribuição. No entanto, foi também observado que as diferentes formas de Hg partilham a mesma forma toxica e, por isso, a sua neurotoxicidade dependera essencialmente da biodisponibilidade ambiental. De modo a contribuir para colmatar esta lacuna cientifica, realizaram-se 2 experiencias com sargos juvenis (Diplodus sargus), que compreenderam períodos de exposição e pós-exposição, designadamente: experiencia A . exposição via agua a Hg(II) (2 ƒÊg L-1); experiencia B . exposição via alimento a MeHg (8,7 ƒÊg g-1). Ambas as experiencias seguiram o mesmo desenho experimental, consistindo em 4 períodos de exposição (E) (dias 1, 3, 7 e 14) e 2 períodos de pós-exposição (PE) (dias 14 e 28). Foi mantido um grupo controlo em agua do mar e ração não contaminada ao longo de toda a experiencia. Em cada tempo de exposição e pos-exposição foram colhidos cérebros de D. sargus para determinação de Hg total (tHg) (experiencia A), MeHg (experiencia B) e parâmetros de stress oxidativo (ambas as experiencias). O Hg(II) também foi quantificado no cérebro dos peixes expostos a MeHg. Embora em ambas as experiencias o Hg total tenha atingido o seu máximo de acumulação ao dia 14 de exposição, os níveis maiores correspondem a exposição a MeHg (7,0 ƒÊg g-1 vs. 1,4 ƒÊg g-1 para Hg(II)). Os cérebros de peixes expostos a Hg(II) não eliminaram Hg, enquanto os níveis de MeHg diminuíram significativamente no período de pos-exposição (em media para 3,5 ƒÊg g-1). Alem disso, verificou-se uma reduzida ativação das defesas antioxidantes nos cérebros de peixes expostos a Hg(II), caracterizada principalmente pelo aumento das atividades de superóxido dismutase (SOD) e glutationa redutase (GR). A baixa proteção antioxidante (reforçada pela diminuição da atividade de GPx (glutationa peroxidase)) esteve provavelmente na base do dano oxidativo, tal como revelado pelo aumento dos grupos carbonilo (indicador de dano oxidativo em proteinas) ao longo dos períodos de exposição e pos-exposição. A exposição de D. sargus a MeHg conduziu a um cenário diferente, principalmente caracterizado pela ativação de defesas antioxidantes (SOD, catálase (CAT), GPx, glutationa S-transferase (GST), glutationa total (GSHt)) que conseguiram prevenir o dano oxidativo em lípidos e proteínas. Apesar de se ter registado uma maior acumulação de MeHg no cérebro de D. sargus, verificou-se uma maior vulnerabilidade do cerebro a Hg(II), tal como evidenciado pela ocorrência de dano oxidativo e pela menor resposta do sistema antioxidante. Globalmente, o Hg(II) revelou ter um maior potencial neurotoxico, o que aponta para a relevância de considerar esta forma de Hg, juntamente com o MeHg, em futuros estudos focados na saúde animal e humana.
Barkerud, Rickard. "Welfare Evaluation of Stunning Practices for Farmed Fish in the European Union." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107042.
Повний текст джерелаAbdalla, Raisa Pereira. "Efeito do alumínio e manganês, em pH ácido, nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em machos de Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes: Characidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-19012016-094105/.
Повний текст джерелаMany metals such as aluminum and manganese, when added in the waters by human activity, can produce deleterious effects in organisms. These metals cause changes in the physiological system, such as metabolic, respiratory disorders, as well as being able to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes that act on oxidative stress. This study investigated whether acute exposure for 24 and 96 hours to aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) in acidic pH, isolated or combined (Al + Mn), are able of causing oxidative stress in sexually mature Astyanax altiparanae males, and also if the exposition for 96 hour in free metal water was enough for these animals to recover from the possible deleterious effects of these metals. The acidic pH altered levels of gill SOD activity in the acute period (96 hours) and the activity of this enzyme did not return to control levels during the recovery period. The exposition to Al increased the GSH levels (24h) in the gills in the acute period, returning to control levels (96h). The exposition to Mn did not alter the levels of the studied defence parameters, however this led to an increase in cell MDA (malondialdehyde), resulting in lipid peroxidation. The animals exposed to Al + Mn combined presented several variations in the measured parameters, increasing the concentration of GSH and GPx activity in the acute period (24h) in the gills. Despite the defence attempt in the acute period, the recovery period showed changes in catalase activity in the liver (96h), increased hepatic metallothionein (24h) and higher levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation (96h). The metals studied, irrespective of water at acid pH, they can be considered inducers of oxidative stress in A. altiparanae males influencing enzyme activity and causing physiological changes that can interfere with reproduction. Our findings will help to understand the mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by metals (Al and Mn), and its effects in A. altiparanae reproduction
Ho, Cheuk Hin. "Effects of osmotic stress on molecular responses of gill cells from Japanese eels, Anguilla Japonica." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2021. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/885.
Повний текст джерелаWilkes, Luanne. "Potential environmental enrichment for zebrafish used in regulatory toxicology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3456.
Повний текст джерелаSchjolden, Joachim. "Stress Coping Strategies in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6132.
Повний текст джерелаPon, Lucas Benjamin. "The role of fish physiology, behaviour, and water discharge on the attraction and passage of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at the Seton River dam fishway, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/726.
Повний текст джерелаBarretto, Adriana Beatriz. "Estresse e memória Efeito do estresse agudo e crônico na retenção da memória em diferentes perfis de personalidade em tilápias-do-Nilo /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153772.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: CAPÍTULO 1 – Neste estudo avaliamos o efeito do estresse agudo e crônico na memória de aprendizagem de tilápias-do-Nilo com diferentes perfis de personalidade. Inicialmente definimos a personalidade dos peixes através de testes de objeto novo e exposição a um predador, classificando-os em shy (tímido) ou bold (ousado) e em seguida estes indivíduos foram condicionados por um método simples de condicionamento clássico como forma de aprendizagem para posterior avaliação da memória. Os peixes shy foram então divididos em dois grupos, sendo que em um deles os peixes foram diariamente estressados por hipóxia, perseguição com rede ou confinamento (grupo shy-experimental) por 64 dias consecutivos, enquanto que no outro grupo os peixes permaneceram apenas isolados (grupo shy-controle) pelo mesmo período de tempo. O mesmo procedimento foi adotado com os peixes classificados como bold. Nesse mesmo período, testes de memória foram realizados em dias específicos, tanto nos grupos experimental quanto nos grupos controle. Ao final do experimento, reavaliamos se as personalidades se mantiveram. Obtivemos que o estresse agudo afetou a memória de aprendizado em peixes, principalmente em indivíduos com perfil de personalidade shy. CAPÍTULO 2 – Aqui desenvolvemos uma metodologia simples de condicionamento clássico facilmente aplicável em laboratórios de experimentação com peixes, quando comparados aos métodos descritos na literatura atual, onde os estímulos geralmente aplicados para condicioname... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: CHAPTER 1 - In this study we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic stress in learning memory of Nile tilapia with different personality profiles. Initially we defined the personality of the fish through the testo f new object and exposure to a predator, classifying them as shy or bold, and then these individuals were conditioned by a simple method of classical conditioning as a way of learning to evaluation of memory. The shy fish were divided into two groups, and in one group the fish were daily stressed by hypoxia, net chase or confinement (shy-experimental group) for 64 consecutive days, while in the other group the fish remained only isolated (shy-control group) for the same time period. The same procedure was adopted with fish classified as bold. During the same period, memory tests were performed on specific days, in both groups, experimental and control group. At the end of the experiment, we reevaluated whether the personalities held. We found that acute stress affected learning memory in fish, especially in individuals with shy personality profiles. CHAPTER 2 - Here we develop a classical conditioning methodology easily applicable in fish experimentation laboratories when compared to the methods described in the current literature, where the stimuli generally applied for conditioning (sound or light) can interfere with the responses of experimental animals present in the same laboratory. For this conditioning, we isolate the fish in individual aquariums and intro... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Ims, Stine. "The Efficacy and Stress-Reducing Capacity of MS-222, Benzoak and Aqui-S for the Ornamental Cichlid Fish, Metriaclima estherae." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12760.
Повний текст джерелаGause, Brian. "REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL WITH ETHANOL YEAST IN THE DIETS OF SUNSHINE BASS: EFFECTS ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND STRESS TOLERANCE." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/341.
Повний текст джерелаChow, Sheung Ching. "The characterization of hyperosomotic stress-induced signaling cascades and the downstream effectors in primary gill cell culture of Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1182.
Повний текст джерелаHermann, Bernd Timo [Verfasser]. "Chronic stress in fish - Investigation of the cellular response to persistent environmental hypercapnia and malnutrition in two marine fish species, turbot (Psetta maxima) and cod (Gadus morhua) via RT-qPCR / Bernd Timo Hermann." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173163255/34.
Повний текст джерелаBarretto, Adriana Beatriz [UNESP]. "Estresse e memória: Efeito do estresse agudo e crônico na retenção da memória em diferentes perfis de personalidade em tilápias-do-Nilo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153772.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
CAPÍTULO 1 – Neste estudo avaliamos o efeito do estresse agudo e crônico na memória de aprendizagem de tilápias-do-Nilo com diferentes perfis de personalidade. Inicialmente definimos a personalidade dos peixes através de testes de objeto novo e exposição a um predador, classificando-os em shy (tímido) ou bold (ousado) e em seguida estes indivíduos foram condicionados por um método simples de condicionamento clássico como forma de aprendizagem para posterior avaliação da memória. Os peixes shy foram então divididos em dois grupos, sendo que em um deles os peixes foram diariamente estressados por hipóxia, perseguição com rede ou confinamento (grupo shy-experimental) por 64 dias consecutivos, enquanto que no outro grupo os peixes permaneceram apenas isolados (grupo shy-controle) pelo mesmo período de tempo. O mesmo procedimento foi adotado com os peixes classificados como bold. Nesse mesmo período, testes de memória foram realizados em dias específicos, tanto nos grupos experimental quanto nos grupos controle. Ao final do experimento, reavaliamos se as personalidades se mantiveram. Obtivemos que o estresse agudo afetou a memória de aprendizado em peixes, principalmente em indivíduos com perfil de personalidade shy. CAPÍTULO 2 – Aqui desenvolvemos uma metodologia simples de condicionamento clássico facilmente aplicável em laboratórios de experimentação com peixes, quando comparados aos métodos descritos na literatura atual, onde os estímulos geralmente aplicados para condicionamento (som ou luz) podem interferir nas respostas dos animais experimentais presentes no mesmo laboratório. Para tal condicionamento, isolamos os peixes em aquários individuais e introduzimos um jato de água em cada aquário (sem que os peixes pudessem perceber a presença do pesquisador) causando movimentação da água (estímulo condicionado) neste local específico do aquário. Em seguida, um pellet de ração (estímulo incondicionado) foi introduzido no mesmo local da movimentação da água (novamente sem que os peixes pudessem perceber a presença do pesquisador). Esses procedimentos foram realizados durante 20 dias seguidos, 4 vezes ao dia. Obtivemos que após 14 dias de condicionamento todos os peixes associaram estímulo condicionado e incondicionado, confirmando a efetividade deste método simples e sem interferência nos demais animais experimentais presentes no ambiente.
CHAPTER 1 - In this study we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic stress in learning memory of Nile tilapia with different personality profiles. Initially we defined the personality of the fish through the testo f new object and exposure to a predator, classifying them as shy or bold, and then these individuals were conditioned by a simple method of classical conditioning as a way of learning to evaluation of memory. The shy fish were divided into two groups, and in one group the fish were daily stressed by hypoxia, net chase or confinement (shy-experimental group) for 64 consecutive days, while in the other group the fish remained only isolated (shy-control group) for the same time period. The same procedure was adopted with fish classified as bold. During the same period, memory tests were performed on specific days, in both groups, experimental and control group. At the end of the experiment, we reevaluated whether the personalities held. We found that acute stress affected learning memory in fish, especially in individuals with shy personality profiles. CHAPTER 2 - Here we develop a classical conditioning methodology easily applicable in fish experimentation laboratories when compared to the methods described in the current literature, where the stimuli generally applied for conditioning (sound or light) can interfere with the responses of experimental animals present in the same laboratory. For this conditioning, we isolate the fish in individual aquariums and introduce a jet of water into each aquarium (without the fish could perceive the presence of the researcher) causing water movement (conditioned stimulus) in this specific aquarium site. Then a feed pellet (unconditioned stimulus) was introduced in the same place as the water movement (again without the fish being able to perceive the presence of the researcher). These procedures were performed for 20 consecutive days, 4 times daily. We obtained that after 14 days of conditioning all the fish associated conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, confirming the effectiveness of this simple method and without interference in the other experimental animals present in the environment.
Schorer, Marianne. "Utilização do 'beta' - glucano sobre o desempemho produtivo, indicadores de estresse, perfil hematológico e sobrevivência do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86719.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: In fish, glucano has shown a potent immunostimulant function. The use of glucano is increasing significantly the resistance to diseases after infectious exposition. This prebiotic may be prevent the bacterial colonization, and activated macrophages, been beneficial to the digestive tract, resulting in better performance and disease resistance. This study will evaluate the glucano effects added in palletized and extruded diets of fish, analyzing fish perfOrmance, stress indicators, hematological profile and survival of pacu. This study was driven in Laboratory of ornamental fish, on Centro de Aqüicultura of UNESP (CAUNESP), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Were used 640 pacu juveniles, with 24,7 ± 2,0 g, distributed in 32 aquarium (130 L). The physical and chemical water parameters were measured every two weeks. Fish were fed twice a day, in the morning and another at the end of the day. In this trial were used 640 pacu juveniles (24.7 ± 2.0 g) distribuided in 32 aquariums (20 fish/aquarium). Throughout the experimental period, water remained at 26.5 oC and the others limnological parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, ammonia and conductivity) stayed within normal values for the specie. The experimental trial design was entirely casualized in factorial scheme 2 x 4, evaluating two proceeding of diets (extruded and pelletized) and four 'beta' - glucan levels in diets: 0 (control), 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% with four repetitions. In this study,'beta' - glucan levels do not provide significant gains on pacu juveniles performance, but treatment with 0,3% - glucan showed better results of weight gain, weight final and specific growth rate. The administration of glucan in the diet, caused changes in hematological parameters and stress indicators in pacu. The fishes fed with glucan showed greater resistance to infection with A. hidrophila. Thus, treatment with 0,1% of glucan presented a lower cost/kg and shows efficiency in health of pacu juveniles.
Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
Coorientador: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
Banca: Sérgio Fonseca Zaiden
Banca: Fabiana Pilarski
Mestre
Rathete, Sello Athlone. "A comparative study on the effects of stress on some aspects of in vitro blood coagulation in two freshwater fish species." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2092.
Повний текст джерелаMadikiza, Zimkitha Josephine Kimberly. "Population biology and aspects of the socio-spatial organisation of the woodland dormouse Graphiurus Murinus (Desmaret, 1822) in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/443.
Повний текст джерелаDelbon, Marina Carvalho [UNESP]. "Ação da benzocaína e do óleo de cravo sobre parâmetros fisiológicos de tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86712.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Avaliou-se as concentrações ideais e os tempos de indução e de recuperação do anestésico benzocaína e óleo de cravo, em juvenis de Oreochromis niloticus. Para isso, testou-se cinco concentrações de óleo de cravo e três de benzocaína e, com as análises de freqüência cardíaca, determinou-se que 100 mg/L de benzocaína e 80 mg/L de óleo de cravo foram as concentrações mais eficazes para estes organismos-teste. A partir destas determinações, montou-se um experimento onde foram analisadas alterações fisiológicas (cortisol, glicose, hematócrito, hemoglobina, número total de células sangüíneas, VCM, HCM, CHCM, contagem total de trombócitos e contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos), a 23ºC e a 28ºC, e o tempo que os peixes levaram para se alimentar após o tratamento anestésico. Com estas análises, concluiu-se que os anestésicos testados minimizaram o efeito do estresse causado por manipulações e procedimentos invasivos, e que os peixes submetidos ao tratamento com óleo de cravo, apesar de não ser significativo, apresentaram maiores taxas de alimentação, em relação aos demais tratamentos.
The ideal concentrations, induction and recovery time after treatment with benzocaine anaesthetic and clove oil, in juvenile of Oreochromis niloticus has been evaluated. Five concentrations of clove oil and three of benzocaine were tested. Through the analyses of cardiac frequency, it was show that 100 mg/L of benzocaine and 80 mg/L of clove oil showed the most efficient concentrations for this test organism. Further, an experiment where physiological alterations (cortisol, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total number of cells, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total counting of trombocytes and total and differential countings of leukocytes), at 23ºC and 28ºC was conducted, as well as the time that the fish fed after anaesthetic treatment. It was concluded that the tested anaesthetics minimized the stress effects caused by manipulations and invasive procedures, and that the fish submitted to the treatment with clove oil, although not significant, presented higher feeding rates, in relation to the other treatments.
Pereira, Maria Angélica dos Reis Garrido. "Uso do probiótico Bacillus spp. na larvicultura do bijupirá Rachycentron canadum em sistema de recirculação de água." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2011. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2572.
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O bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) é um peixe marinho que apresenta bom potencial para seu cultivo. Muitas pesquisas demonstram os efeitos benéficos do probiótico Bacillus spp. na aquicultura, porém não há estudos sobre os efeitos de probióticos em sistemas de recirculação de água (SRA). Este trabalho analisa os efeitos do probiótico Bacillus spp. na performance de larvas de bijupirá criadas em SRA. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Virginia Tech (EUA). As larvas foram estocadas em dois SRA independentes entre si - tratamento probiótico (TP) e tratamento controle (TC) - na densidade de 15 larvas/L, durante 26 dias após a eclosão. Um dos sistemas (TP) recebeu a adição de probiótico comercial composto por B. subtilis, B. licheniformis e B. pumilus diretamente na água e via alimento vivo, conforme o fabricante. As análises de microbiologia e qualidade de água foram feitas diariamente por medição de parâmetros físico e químicos e plaqueamento em meio de cultura para contagem de Bacillus totais e Vibrio totais. Ao final do experimento foram realizados biometria e contagem total dos animais, teste de resistência ao estresse salino e fixação de larvas para imunohistoquímica do timo para avaliar a expressão dos complexos multirreceptores de antígenos CD3 e CD4 de linfócitos T e morfometria do rim cefálico. A sobrevivência foi similar e de 14,9±2,4% e 15,1±0,9% para TP e TC respectivamente. O peso final foi de 170±10 mg para TP e 160±10 mg TC, não havendo diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Na microbiologia da água não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos na contagem de víbrios totais (TP: 3.366±522 UFC/mL; TC: 4.964±902 UFC/mL). Na contagem de Bacillus totais os tratamentos diferiram estatisticamente, sendo maior a concentração no TP pela adição dos Bacillus spp. (901±88 UFC/mL e 61±24 UFC/mL). O teste de estresse por salinidade demonstrou uma maior resistência ao estresse salino pelas larvas do tratamento probiótico. A análise imunohistoquímica mostrou uma maior expressão de CD4 no timo em PT (TP: 43,7 ± 6,16% CD4 células/mm²; TC: 25,4 ± 3,5% CD4 células/mm²), o que pode indicar uma melhor resposta imune contra patógenos. A análise morfométrica do rim cefálico indica que este órgão é maior no TP (TP: 0,97 ± 0,33 milímetros; TC: 0,69 ± 0,22 milímetros), provavelmente devido a um aumento na quantidade de linfócitos B. Estes resultados indicam que o probiótico utilizado em um sistema de recirculação de água é efetivo quanto à imunoestimulação e aumenta a resistência ao estresse salino.
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a marine finfish with good potential for mariculture. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of probiotic Bacillus spp. on the performance of cobia larvae reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotic Bacillus spp. in aquaculture, but there are no studies on the effects of probiotics in RAS, requiring research on their effectiveness, since in open systems the beneficial effects are already known. The trial was conducted at Virginia Tech VSAREC (USA). Larvae were stocked into two independent RAS - probiotic treatment and control - at a density of 15 larvae L-1, for 26 days after hatching. One of the systems (Probiotic treatment) received the addition of a commercial probiotic consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus directly into the water and by live feed, according to the manufacturer. At the end of the experiment we performed biometrics, larvae counts, stress test and larvae were fixed for morphometric analysis of head kidney and for immunohistochemistry of thymus to evaluate the phenotypic expression of complex antigens CD3 and CD4 in T-lymphocytes. Survival and final weight had no significant difference between groups. The analysis of water microbiology had no significant differences between treatments in total counts of Vibrio, but in the total count of Bacillus treatments differed statistically, with a higher concentration in Probiotic treatment because of the addition of Bacillus spp. in this group. The salinity stress test was expressed by stress sensitivity index (SSI), which demonstrated a greater resistance to salt stress by larvae of probiotic treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a higher expression of CD4 in Probiotic treatment, which may indicate better immune response against pathogens. The morphometric analysis of head kidney indicates that this organ is larger in Probiotic treatment, probably due to an increase in the quantity of B-lymphocytes. These results indicate that Bacillus spp. probiotics used in RAS may stimulate the immune system and increase the general stress resistance of cobia larvae.
Seco, Ana Margarida Maurício. "Abate de corvina (Argyrossomus regius) : qual o método que minimiza o stress e maximiza a qualidade?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19258.
Повний текст джерелаA etapa do abate é um dos pontos críticos na gestão da piscicultura, ao induzir stress nos peixes, o que não só afeta o bem-estar animal, como também a qualidade do produto final. No decorrer das investigações relativas à neuroanatomia e neurofisiologia dos peixes, é cada vez mais aceite que, tal como os mamíferos e aves, os peixes também são animais sencientes. Contudo, não são abrangidos pelo regulamento relativo à proteção dos animais no abate. Como tal, a etapa do abate de peixes acaba por ser negligenciada, ao ter pouca ou nenhuma consideração pelo bem-estar animal. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é dar uma visão integrada dos efeitos de diferentes métodos de atordoamento e abate na corvina (Argyrosomus regius), um peixe teleósteo da família Sciaenidae, com crescente utilização na aquacultura. Os métodos estudados foram asfixia por exposição ao ar, termonarcose, eletronarcose, secção medular e iki jime. Foi avaliada a influência destes métodos nas componentes bem-estar animal e qualidade. No que se refere ao bem-estar animal, procedeu-se à avaliação da insensibilização e da resposta fisiológica ao stress, quanto à qualidade foi avaliada a evolução do músculo post mortem (rigor mortis) em associação com a avaliação sensorial do grau frescura. Os resultados revelaram que, o método japonês iki jime foi o único a induzir insensibilização imediata que, por sua vez, apresentou a resposta ao stress mais discreta e melhores resultados em termos de qualidade. Também foi possível apoiar a tese de que a asfixia por exposição ao ar não é uma prática ética, ao induzir uma resposta ao stress grave, o que demonstrou afetar de forma negativa a qualidade, ao acelerar o desenvolvimento do rigor mortis e, por sua vez, a deterioração do músculo. Como complementaridade ao estudo anterior, foi realizado um inquérito por questionário, com o objetivo de avaliar a perceção do consumidor sobre o abate de peixes. Os resultados revelaram que, existe um forte desconhecimento acerca deste domínio, sobretudo no que se refere aos métodos de atordoamento e abate alternativos ao método praticado na pesca tradicional (asfixia por exposição ao ar). Contudo, os resultados revelaram também que, o método de abate a que o peixe for submetido pode influenciar a atitude do cidadão enquanto consumidor, o que pode representar um impacto no mercado. O reforço desta preocupação com o bem-estar dos peixes no abate, para além de promover a adoção de práticas mais éticas, também contribui para melhorar a qualidade, e assim, satisfazer as necessidades das caraterísticas intrínseca e extrínsecas do produto, exigidas por parte do consumidor.
ABSTRACT - Slaughter of meagre (Argyrosomus regius): what is the method that minimizes stress and maximizes quality? The slaughter is one of the important steps in fish farming management, it causes stress on animals and consequently reduces animal welfare as well as the quality of the product. In the course of investigations into the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of fish, it is becoming more accepted, that like mammals and birds, fish are also sentient animals. However, they are not embraced by animal rights regulations. Therefore, the stage of fish slaughter ends up being neglected, with no consideration for the animal welfare. The main objective of this dissertation is to provide an evaluation of the effects of different stunning and slaughter methods in meagre (Argyrosomus regius), a teleost fish of the Sciaenidae family, with increasing exploration in aquaculture. The methods studied were: asphyxiation by air exposure, thermonarcosis, electronarcosis, medullary section and iki jime. The influence of these methods on animal welfare and quality components was evaluated. With regard to animal welfare, the sensitization and physiological response to stress were evaluated. The quality of the post mortem muscle (rigor mortis) evolution was evaluated in association with the sensory evaluation of the freshness degree. The results showed that the Japanese, iki jime, method was the only one that induced immediate insensitivity, which in turn had a lower stress response and better quality. It was also possible to concluded that asphyxiation by air exposure is not an ethic practice, causing high levels of stress, which negatively affects meat quality by accelerating the process of fish deterioration. As a complement to the previous study, a survey was conducted to assess fish slaughter awareness by fish consumers. The results revealed that fish slaughter is still a fairly unknown subject, especially regarding the alternative methods to the traditional method (asphyxiation by air exposure). However, it revealed that consumers preference can be influence, when they are aware of the different slaughter methods, which can have an impact on the market. Using slaughter methods that take animal welfare in account, will not only reduce the animal stress but also improve fish quality, and thus meeting the needs of the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the product by the consumer.
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Miralles, Pérez Bernat. "Effects of Fish Oil and its Combination with Grape Seed Polyphenols or Buckwheat D-Fagomine on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress in Rats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672213.
Повний текст джерелаEn las últimas décadas, las prevalencias de obesidad, de dislipidemia aterogénica y de síndrome metabólico han aumentado a nivel mundial. La resistencia a la insulina es una característica común en estos trastornos cardiometabólicos. La patogenia de la resistencia a la insulina está claramente relacionada con el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación y la acumulación de lípidos bioactivos como los diacilgliceroles y las ceramidas. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados ω-3 (AGPI ω-3) presentes en el aceite de pescado, el ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), están asociados a un menor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos cardiometabólicos. Sin embargo, cuando se administra en dosis excesivas, el DHA puede provocar efectos perjudiciales para la salud. La combinación de compuestos bioactivos puede ser una estrategia preventiva para proteger contra la aparición de trastornos cardiometabólicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los efectos del aceite de pescado y su combinación con polifenoles de semillas de uva o D-fagomina del trigo sarraceno sobre los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y el estrés oxidativo en ratas sanas y en ratas alimentadas con una dieta rica en grasas. La suplementación con el aceite de pescado rico en DHA mejora varios factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, pero aumenta el daño oxidativo de las biomoléculas en ratas sanas. La suplementación combinada con el aceite de pescado con una proporción EPA/DHA 1:1 y los polifenoles de semillas de uva tiende a reducir el estrés oxidativo y modula significativamente el contenido de lípidos bioactivos en el hígado de ratas alimentadas con una dieta alta en grasas. La suplementación combinada con el aceite de pescado con una proporción EPA/DHA 1:1 y la D-fagomina del trigo sarraceno tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre el estrés oxidativo y sobre algunos factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en ratas alimentadas con una dieta rica en grasas. Aumentar la ingesta dietética de AGPI ω-3 mediante suplementos de aceite de pescado con una proporción EPA/DHA 1:1, de forma individual o combinada con los polifenoles o la D-fagomina, puede ser una estrategia nutricional útil para proteger contra los mecanismos implicados en el desarrollo de trastornos cardiometabólicos en individuos sanos y en individuos con un alto riesgo de enfermedad.
The past few decades have seen an alarming increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common characteristic in these cardiometabolic disorders. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance is clearly related to oxidative stress, inflammation as well as accumulation of bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerols and ceramides. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) from fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with lower risk for developing cardiometabolic disorders. Nevertheless, when provided in excess, DHA may lead to deleterious effects on health. Combining bioactive compounds may be a powerful preventive strategy to protect against the onset of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the present work is to explore the influence of fish oil and its combination with grape seed polyphenols or buckwheat D-fagomine on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress in healthy rats and in rats fed a high fat diet. The supplementation with the fish oil rich in DHA beneficially affects several cardiometabolic risk factors, but increases oxidative damage to biomolecules in healthy rats. The combined supplementation with fish oil containing EPA/DHA 1:1 and grape seed polyphenols tends to attenuate oxidative stress, and significantly modulates abundances of bioactive lipids in the liver of rats fed a high fat diet. The combined supplementation with fish oil containing EPA/DHA 1:1 and buckwheat D-fagomine exerts beneficial influence on oxidative stress and on some related cardiometabolic risk factors in rats fed a high fat diet. The increase in dietary intake of ω-3 PUFA from fish oil supplements containing EPA/DHA 1:1, alone or combined with polyphenols or D-fagomine, may be a useful nutritional strategy to protect against the mechanisms underlying the onset of cardiometabolic disorders in healthy individuals and in individuals at high risk of disease.
Volkova, Kristina. "Fishy behavior : persistent effects of early-life exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45505.
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