Готові списки джерел за темами / Finch survival

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Finch survival"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Finch survival"

Skagen, Susan Knight. "Asynchronous Hatching and Food Limitation: A Test of Lack's Hypothesis." Auk 105, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/105.1.78.

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Abstract Lack's (1954, 1968) hypothesis that asynchronous hatching of altricial birds is an adaptive response to unpredictable food shortages during the breeding season was examined in the highly granivorous Zebra Finch (Poephila guttata). I compared growth and survival of nestlings in asynchronous and artificially created synchronous broods reared under food-limited and food-abundant conditions in an aviary. I also examined the role of parental experience on survival and growth of nestlings. There was no differential mortality of Zebra Finch nestlings due to either asynchrony or food abundance. Young in abundant food treatments grew more rapidly, however, than those in food-restricted treatments. Heaviest Zebra Finch nestlings in a brood grew more quickly than their lightest siblings when food was limited, supporting Lack's hypothesis. Further, differential survival of light and heavy siblings occurred when food was abundant, suggesting that asynchronous hatching can be maladaptive under some ecological conditions. Nestlings reared by inexperienced parents suffered greater mortality and slower growth when food was abundant than nestlings raised by experienced parents. Prefledging mass was correlated with size at adulthood.

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Kleindorfer, Sonia, Katharina J. Peters, Georgina Custance, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, and Jody A. O’Connor. "Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin’s finch survival." Current Zoology 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.4.542.

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Abstract The conservation behavior framework is useful to identify key linkages between behavior and conservation practice. We apply this framework to a novel host-parasite system on the Galapagos Islands and ask if there have been changes in parasite oviposition behavior and host mortality patterns across the first decade (2004-2013) of its known association. The Dipteran parasite Philornis downsi was first discovered in Darwin’s finch nests in 1997 and is the biggest threat to the survival of Galapagos land birds. Host mortality has increased over the past decade. In Dipterans, pupation and pupae size are determined by access to host resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that P. downsi flies are laying eggs in finch nests earlier in the nestling phase to maximize larval feeding time and therefore chance of pupation success before host death. The results show fewer 1st instar larvae later in the host nesting cycle in support of earlier egg laying behavior by female flies. Between 2004 and 2013, parasite intensity increased from ~28 to ~48 parasites per nest, host mortality increased from ~50% to ~90%, and host age at death decreased from ~11 to ~5 days. The earlier age at host death was correlated with fewer pupae (from ~50% to ~20%) and smaller pupae size (~10% decrease). Changes in parasite behavior reveal new fitness costs to both the parasite and Darwin’s finches. These findings underscore the need for urgent conservation action to save Darwin’s finches from extinction due to a novel, lethal and introduced parasite [Current Zoology 60 (4): 542–550, 2014].

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Chavatte, Jean-Marc, Philippe Giraud, Delphine Esperet, Grégory Place, François Cavalier, and Irène Landau. "An outbreak of trichomonosis in European greenfinches Chloris chloris and European goldfinches Carduelis carduelis wintering in Northern France." Parasite 26 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019022.

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Avian trichomonosis is a common and widespread disease, traditionally affecting columbids and raptors, and recently emerging among finch populations mainly in Europe. Across Europe, finch trichomonosis is caused by a single clonal strain of Trichomonas gallinae and negatively impacts finch populations. Here, we report an outbreak of finch trichomonosis in the wintering populations of Chloris chloris (European greenfinch) and Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch) from the Boulonnais, in northern France. The outbreak was detected and monitored by bird ringers during their wintering bird ringing protocols. A total of 105 records from 12 sites were collected during the first quarter of 2017, with 46 and 59 concerning dead and diseased birds, respectively. Fourteen carcasses from two locations were necropsied and screened for multiple pathogens; the only causative agent identified was T. gallinae. Genetic characterization was performed by four markers (small subunit ribosomal RNA, hydrogenosomal iron-hydrogenase, and RNA polymerase II subunit 1 genes, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region) and confirmed the T. gallinae strain to be A1, which affects the finch populations of Europe. This was also confirmed by an ITS-based phylogenetic analysis which further illustrated the diversity of the Trichomonas infecting birds. Preliminary data on the survival and dispersion of infected birds were obtained from ring-returns of diseased individuals. The anthropogenic spread of diseases through bird feeding practices is highlighted and some suggestions to prevent pathogen transmission via backyard supplementary feeders for garden birds are given.

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Berntsen, Henrik H., and Claus Bech. "Incubation temperature and physiological aging in the zebra finch." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260037.

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In birds, incubation temperature has received increased attention as an important source of phenotypic variability in offspring. A lower than optimal incubation temperature may negatively affect aspects of nestling physiology, such as body growth and energy metabolism. However, the long-term effects of sub-optimal incubation temperature on morphology and physiology are not well understood. In a previous study, we showed that zebra finches from eggs incubated at a low temperature (35.9°C) for 2/3 of the total incubation time suffered a lower post-fledging survival compared to individuals that had been incubated at higher temperatures (37.0 and 37.9°C). In the present study, we investigated whether these variations in incubation temperature could cause permanent long-lasting differences in body mass, body size, or basal metabolic rate. Furthermore, we tested whether the observed differences in survival between treatment groups would be reflected in the rate of physiological deterioration, assessed through oxidative damage and decreased metabolic rate with age (i.e. ‘metabolic aging’). Incubation temperature did not significantly affect embryonic or nestling body growth and did not influence final adult body mass or body size. Nor was there any long-term effect on basal metabolic rate. Birds from eggs incubated at the lowest temperature experienced an accumulation of oxidative damage with age, although this was not accompanied by an accelerated rate of metabolic aging. The present results suggest that the low survival in these birds was possibly mediated by increased oxidative stress, but independent of body growth and the basal metabolic rate.

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Grant, B. Rosemary, and Peter R. Grant. "High Survival of Darwin's Finch Hybrids: Effects of Beak Morphology and Diets." Ecology 77, no. 2 (March 1996): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265625.

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Nolan, Paul M., Geoffrey E. Hill, and Andrew M. Stoehr. "Sex, size, and plumage redness predict house finch survival in an epidemic." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 265, no. 1400 (June 7, 1998): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0384.

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Gressler, DT, and MÂ Marini. "Striped-tailed Yellow-finch nesting success in abandoned mining pits from central Brazilian cerrado." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 1 (March 2015): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.10813.

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Suitability of degraded areas as breeding habitats can be tested through assessment of nest predation rates. In this study we estimated nest success in relation to several potential predictors of nest survival in the Stripe-tailed Yellow-finch (Sicalis citrina) breeding in abandoned mining pits at Brasília National Park. We monitored 73 nests during the 2007-breeding season. Predation was the main cause of nest failure (n = 48, 66%); while six nests were abandoned (8%) and 19 nests produced young (26%). Mayfield’s daily survival rates and nest success were 0.94 and 23%, respectively. Our results from nest survival models on program MARK indicated that daily survival rates increase linearly towards the end of the breeding season and decrease as nests aged. None of the nest individual covariates we tested - nest height, nest size, nest substrate, and edge effect - were important predictors of nest survival; however, nests placed on the most common plant tended to have higher survival probabilities. Also, there was no observer effect on daily survival rates. Our study suggests that abandoned mining pits may be suitable alternative breeding habitats for Striped-tailed Yellow-finches since nest survival rates were similar to other studies in the central cerrado region.

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Noguera, José C., Neil B. Metcalfe, and Pat Monaghan. "Experimental demonstration that offspring fathered by old males have shorter telomeres and reduced lifespans." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1874 (March 14, 2018): 20180268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0268.

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Offspring of older parents frequently show reduced longevity, but the mechanisms driving this so-called ‘Lansing effect' are unknown. While inheritance of short telomeres from older parents could underlie this effect, studies to date in different species have found mixed results, reporting positive, negative or no association between parental age and offspring telomere length (TL). However, most of the existing evidence is from non-experimental studies in which it is difficult to exclude alternative explanations such as differential survival of parents with different telomere lengths. Here we provide evidence in the zebra finch that offspring from older parents have reduced lifespans. As a first step in disentangling possible causes, we used an experimental approach to examine whether or not we could detect pre-natal paternal effects on offspring TL. We found that zebra finch embryos fathered by old males have shorter telomeres than those produced by the same mothers but with younger fathers. Since variation in embryonic TL persists into post-natal life, and early life TL is predictive of longevity in this species, this experimental study demonstrates that a paternally driven pre-natal TL reduction could at least in part underlie the reduced lifespan of offspring from older parents.

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Beausoleil, Marc-Olivier, Luke O. Frishkoff, Leithen K. M'Gonigle, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Sarah A. Knutie, Luis F. De León, Sarah K. Huber, et al. "Temporally varying disruptive selection in the medium ground finch ( Geospiza fortis )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1916 (December 4, 2019): 20192290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2290.

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Disruptive natural selection within populations exploiting different resources is considered to be a major driver of adaptive radiation and the production of biodiversity. Fitness functions, which describe the relationships between trait variation and fitness, can help to illuminate how this disruptive selection leads to population differentiation. However, a single fitness function represents only a particular selection regime over a single specified time period (often a single season or a year), and therefore might not capture longer-term dynamics. Here, we build a series of annual fitness functions that quantify the relationships between phenotype and apparent survival. These functions are based on a 9-year mark–recapture dataset of over 600 medium ground finches ( Geospiza fortis ) within a population bimodal for beak size. We then relate changes in the shape of these functions to climate variables. We find that disruptive selection between small and large beak morphotypes, as reported previously for 2 years, is present throughout the study period, but that the intensity of this selection varies in association with the harshness of environment. In particular, we find that disruptive selection was strongest when precipitation was high during the dry season of the previous year. Our results shed light on climatic factors associated with disruptive selection in Darwin's finches, and highlight the role of temporally varying fitness functions in modulating the extent of population differentiation.

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Faustino, Cristina R., Christopher S. Jennelle, Veronique Connolly, Andrew K. Davis, Elliott C. Swarthout, Andre A. Dhondt, and Evan G. Cooch. "Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection dynamics in a house finch population: seasonal variation in survival, encounter and transmission rate." Journal of Animal Ecology 73, no. 4 (July 2004): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00840.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Finch survival"

Hodder, Grace Violet. "The Impact of Habitat Alteration on the Population Dynamics of a Declining Woodland Bird in the Mount Lofty Ranges." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/126624.

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Biotic invasions are among the main drivers of ecosystem change and contribute to species declines. In the southern hemisphere, perennial native understorey plants have been largely outcompeted by fast-growing annual crop grasses and herbs. This significant compositional change has altered patterns of seed production. Granivores such as the diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata) are likely to be affected by such alterations. This species has been declining nationally since large-scale land-clearance prior to 1980. Focussed, species-specific research is required to identify the threats and their interactions that contribute to ongoing declines. This thesis examined an isolated meta-population in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), South Australia, subsisting in heavily degraded grassy woodland dominated by exotic annual grasses. The hypothesis that changes in grass seed phenology associated with invasion by exotic annual species has resulted in seasonal food shortages was tested. An assessment of the seed resources available to ground-foragers in the southern MLR confirmed that introduced, annual species dominate the understorey. Total seed biomass was over seven times greater in spring (4.08 g m-2) than in autumn, when biomass was just 0.53 g m-2. High spring seed biomass was predominantly produced by annual grasses. The subsequent drop in biomass coincided with breaking autumn rains, implicating mass-germination as the cause. Variation in seed biomass was attributed to seasonal changes in the seed abundance of annual weedy grasses and forbs. Diet analyses found that S. guttata diets mirrored the abundance and diversity of seasonal resources. However, during winter, when grass seed biomass was scarce, S. guttata relied heavily on the seeds of the drooping sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata). A mark-resight study determined that S. guttata populations were affected by seasonal resource fluctuations. Stagonopleura guttata encounters were strongly correlated with seed abundance and S. guttata densities reflected seed biomasses. To further explore the reason for low numbers of S. guttata in autumn and winter, an in-field food supplementation experiment was conducted. The food-supplemented population had significantly higher survival than the non-supplemented population, indicating that food is limiting for S. guttata. Juveniles were less efficient foragers than adults, highlighting their vulnerability during times of seed scarcity. However, food supplementation appeared to increase the proportion of juveniles that survived their first winter. The transition of independent fledglings from spring/summer breeding into young breeding adults is critical for recruitment and is likely to be hampered by winter food shortages. Overall densities of S. guttata in the southern MLR were 0.023–0.062 birds/ha, lower than the minimum viable population estimate of 0.069 birds/ha. As such, this meta-population is not sustainable at current densities. To improve the persistence of S. guttata, it is essential that the grassy woodlands of the region are managed to create consistent, year-round food resources, particularly during winter. This requires the restoration of perennial native grasses in the understorey that seed more consistently and over longer time periods than annuals. In addition, rehabilitation of A. verticillata, a key resource, will improve food availability during times of scarcity.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2020

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Книги з теми "Finch survival"

Fisch, Robert. Dear Dr. Fisch: Children's Letters To A Holocaust Survivor. Nodin Press, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Finch survival"

Furukawa, Zentaro, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Kiyoshi Omine, and Atsushi Marui. "Evaluation of Survival Rate of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) in Semi-Arid Region by Statistical Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 759–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_99.

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"History." In The Burley Manuscript, edited by Peter Redford. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526104489.003.0002.

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The collection was assembled by William Parkhurst in the first decades of the seventeenth century, and later passed into the hands of the Finch family, at whose seat of Burley-on-the-Hill it was examined in the nineteenth century by Alfred J Horwood of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, and in the early twentieth by the scholar Logan Pearsall Smith, who caused transcripts to be made of some of the material. These were used by later scholars, the manuscript itself being believed to have been destroyed by fire. The circumstances of this fire, and of the manuscript’s mysterious survival and subsequent discovery by I A Shapiro are described, as are its disappearance once again and rediscovery by Peter Beal. The survival was still not widely publicised and, until now, no detailed study of the Burley manuscript has been published.

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Sinclair, Timothy J. "Aftermath." In To the Brink of Destruction, 133–64. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760242.003.0006.

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This chapter expounds on the survival of agencies. Moody's, S&P, and Fitch remain highly profitable and key institutions in the capital markets. Rating agencies purport to solve an information issue in disintermediated capital markets. The persistence of an existing system in the absence of compelling reasons for change can explain its continued operation. The continued dominance of the Big Three reflects their survival and the reality that some judgments have more weight than others in the capital markets. Moreover, the chapter explains the European sovereign debt crisis that followed the market meltdown had put down the uncertainties against rating agencies.

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