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Статті в журналах з теми "FINANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 жовтня 2023

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1

Trypolska, Galyna, and Oleksiy Riabchyn. "Experience and Prospects of Financing Renewable Energy Projects in Ukraine." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11999.

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Анотація:

The study examined the experience of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine. Renewable energy is one of the tools to enhance decarbonization and meet the obligations taken within the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, and under the Paris Agreement. Ukraine has factors impeding the investments, resulting in a high cost of capital. Overall, there are five main options of financing theoretically available: lending, primarily with the aid of international financial institutions; funding of renewable energy projects by municipalities; voluntary associations of citizens; securities; irrevocable financial assistance. The future instruments include securities and a recently announced mechanism to finance renewable energy projects in the frame of the Green Deal. The most expansive spread option for funding renewable energy projects was lending with the help of international financial institutions. Due to the bilateral electricity market transition of Ukraine in 2019, Ukraine failed to found a model for sustainable financing of electricity from renewables, resulted in the accumulation of significant debt with the feed-in tariff payment. This fact hinders the planned and potential future investments until a sustainable model of financing is found.

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2

Shkrabak, Irina Vladimirovna, and Nataliia Olekseevna Riazanova. "FINANCING OF PROJECTS OF USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 1(13) (2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-1-1(13)-108-114.

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3

Derrick, A. "Financing mechanisms for renewable energy." Renewable Energy 15, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00159-1.

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4

Bakthavatsalam, V. "Renewable energy financing: India's experience." Renewable Energy 16, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 1160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00464-9.

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5

Ottinger, Richard L., and John Bowie. "Innovative Financing for Renewable Energy." Pace Environmental Law Review 32, no. 3 (October 2, 2015): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1778.

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6

Pudycheva, H. "FINANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN UKRAINE." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 4, no. 35 (December 24, 2020): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v4i35.222480.

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7

Chirambo, Dumisani. "Addressing the renewable energy financing gap in Africa to promote universal energy access: Integrated renewable energy financing in Malawi." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62 (September 2016): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.046.

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8

Chiu, Wen-Hsiang, Wen Cheng Lin, and Chiung-Ju Liang. "The Role of Green Finance in Community Renewable Energy Projects of main Region and Taiwan." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.3.503-519(2021).

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Анотація:

In order to achieve the goal of "non-nuclear homeland and realize the policy target that renewable energy accounts for 20% of power generation, the Taiwan government has actively promoted the integration of energy generation. Many small and medium-sized enterprises or start-up companies are faced with the challenge of financing their business expansion. This paper adopted document analysis method to seek more diversified financing channels compared with traditional ways of financing and lending from financial institutions, the combination of fintech and the power of the masses, such as crowdfunding, has become one of the emerging financial instruments for the development of green energy industry. Finally, the empirical result is compared main region about the community renewable energy projects and realized how to obtain renewable energy resources through new financing source. The study will be providing related reference to decision-making of country which plan to develop renewable energy projects.

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9

Daszyńska-Żygadło, Karolina, Krzysztof Jajuga, and Justyna Zabawa. "Bank as a Stakeholder in the Financing of Renewable Energy Sources. Recommendations and Policy Implications for Poland." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 6422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196422.

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Анотація:

The paper concerns the role of the banking sector in renewable energy financing in Poland. The main goal of the paper is to provide recommendations for the banking sector in Poland, which can be used in the process of financing RES. The main methods used in the paper are the thorough analysis of the solutions used to finance RES in different countries and multivariate analysis of options presented on the ordinal scale. The first finding is the answer to the question of which financial instruments used by banks are the most effective in the financing of RES. It is based on the prepared ranking of different instruments used by banks in the process of renewable energy financing, by assessing the structure and value of required financing for renewable energy based on future scenarios. The second finding in the paper is the set of recommendations for the banking sector and policymakers as to financing renewable energy sources in Poland. The main conclusion is that renewable energy financing through the instruments available in the banking sector is efficient and is characterized by relatively low risk.

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10

Kanevska, Iryna, and Serhii Umanets. "Problems and prospects of financing the renewable energy projects in Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-150-157.

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Анотація:

Here have been defined: general problems of the domestic renewable energy sector such as inefficient use of energy resources; constant increase of prices for fuel and energy resources; unavailability of stable energy supply; delayed construction and commissioning of «alternative» power plants; complex process of obtaining of the «green» tariff in the National Commission by the power facility; seasonal construction of solar plants (before the sunny period in the spring, or before the winter period in the autumn), which requires large land plots, etc. The article refers such problems in renewable energy financing as: limited financial resources; lack of effective mechanisms for tranforming people's savings into investment; high level of investment risks; imperfect tax system; undeveloped corporate securities market. It has been proved that the prospects of financing renewable energy projects to be increased presented the primary task. The latest researches and publications in the field of renewable energy financing have been analyzed. It has been determined that both general and partial problems of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine as well as the prospects for their further development remain unresolved. The author has investigated the problems and perspectives of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine, as well as development of practical recommendations for the development of domestic renewable energy. The used methods: economic-statistical and abstract-logic, system approach, comparative analysis. The main directions of Ukrainian energy supply through regional projects, strategies and tactics have been highlighted. Here have been identified the most significant economic factors influencing Ukraine's energy efficiency such as state tariff policy in the field of fuel and energy resources; state fiscal policy in the field of energy saving; the policy of fuel and energy supplying organization; financial incentives for energy efficiency improvement; investment opportunities. The types of basic technologies of renewable energy in Ukraine have been generalized. The energy consumption on the basis of renewable energy sources and the total amount of energy from renewable sources in Ukraine for three years have been analyzed. The author has proposed the model of the financial-economic mechanism of state regulation of the renewable energy development in Ukraine, which would provide the state with the energy autonomy and ecological.

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11

Ben Belgacem, Samira, Ghousia Khatoon, and Abad Alzuman. "Role of Renewable Energy and Financial Innovation in Environmental Protection: Empirical Evidence from UAE and Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 27, 2023): 8684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118684.

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In modern times, many countries are committed to achieving climate neutrality and environmental sustainability. Without financial innovation and green financing, switching to clean energy, reducing carbon emissions, and mitigating climate change will be impossible. The main objective of this study is to obtain zero carbon to protect the environment. To analyze sustainable development pathways, this research examines the impact of renewable energy and financial innovation on the environmental protection of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2021. The use of renewable energy sources, pollution, and climate change are all significant elements. Innovation can help slow the rate of global warming by lowering carbon emissions and expanding the usage of renewable energy sources. Green financing and innovation are powerful tools for environmental safety and deterioration. The acceleration of renewable energy growth is the primary driver of sustainable development. Moreover, green financing balances the innovation–energy–environment–climate nexus. Similarly, green finance amplifies the positive effects of innovation on using renewable energy. This study provides valuable insights into achieving zero carbon by producing renewable energy sources and modern green technology. Further research is possible by adding more dimensions of renewable energy sources.

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12

Iskandar, Azwar, Abur Hamdi Usman, and Syarul Azman Shaharuddin. "Role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy: some quotation from Quranic verses and Indonesia experiences." al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v6i1.196.

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This study aims to describe the role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive research through library research and content analysis method. The results show that the role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia is realized in several forms. First, sharia financial sector can be one of the options for renewable energy investment financing instruments. Second, the utilization of renewable energy can be the supporter and spearhead of the halal industry. Third, in a religious social context, renewable energy financing can be done with the concept of ta‘āwun and jāriyah alms through crowd funding and waqf. In order to optimize the role of sharia economy and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia, several steps and activities that can be done include: (1) intensifying the campaign against the excellence of renewable energy; (2) providing easy access and renewable energy financing schemes; (3) conducting research and publication on renewable energy and potential collaboration with other industries in the halal value chain that can be perceived in Indonesia.

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13

Altunkaya, Sefa Merve, and Mustafa Ozcan. "Emerging Financing Tools for Renewable Energy Investments." Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tepes.2021.21008.

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14

Mat Rahim, Siti Rohaya, and Zam Zuriyati Mohamad. "Green Sukuk for Financing Renewable Energy Projects." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/m031.

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15

Jenkins, Mauricio, and Leo Miguel Guevara. "Financing renewable energy: La Esperanza Hydroelectric Project." Management Decision 52, no. 9 (October 14, 2014): 1724–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2013-0585.

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Анотація:

Purpose – This is a teaching case to be used in courses on funding and execution of renewable-energy projects, sustainable development, project finance or management of financial institutions. The case has been successfully used in courses at the graduate level as well as in executive education. The purpose of this paper is to achieve the following specific objectives. First, to illustrate the adjusted present value (APV) methodology to value investment projects in a project finance setting. Second, to show how APV methodologies can be used to value investment projects with subsidized financing and temporary fiscal incentives. Third, to understand how financial institutions use debt service coverage ratios to measure the capacity of projects to repay debt obligations. Design/methodology/approach – The primary source of information for the study case came from in-depth interviews with senior officials from E+Co and project sponsors. Documents from E+Co's loan approval process and investment committee minutes were also consulted. Also a site visit was performed. Findings – The case is quite interesting along several dimensions. To begin with the case deals with an important (and somewhat difficult decision) the general manager of a financial institution has to make. From a technical point of view, the case involves an APV analysis and requires the estimation of the value added (or destroyed) by several collateral effects of debt in the capital structure of the project (something seldom treated in formal courses or standard finance textbooks). In addition, even though standard financial analysis would probably have led to select on alternative course of action, the authors know the protagonist of the case actually decided to do something different based on an additional analysis (a nice postscript for the case, therefore). Research limitations/implications – Been a case study, the findings may be quite particular of the particular situation and context. However, the case provides good insight into the difficulties and problems entrepreneurs face in developing economies as well as in funding small renewable energy projects around the world. Practical implications – The case provides a number of important lessons and learning opportunities for sponsors of renewable energy power projects and managers of financial institutions. Originality/value – Please refer to the findings section above.

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16

Ng, Thiam Hee, and Jacqueline Yujia Tao. "Bond financing for renewable energy in Asia." Energy Policy 95 (August 2016): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.015.

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17

Mansour, Mohamed. "Financing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Projects in Egypt." Global Policy 6, no. 4 (April 6, 2015): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12217.

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18

Osiichuk, Dmytro. "The Obstacles to the Growth of the Renewable Energy Industry in the European Union." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2023): 14612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914612.

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Анотація:

The study presents a comparative analysis of the financial standing of renewable- and conventional-energy-generating companies domiciled in the European Union, and explores factors contributing to their operating performance and financing needs. The comparative analysis of electricity-generating companies demonstrates that renewable energy providers have steadily improved their financial standing and appear well-prepared to compete with conventional energy generation from fossil fuels. Relying on univariate statistical tests, we demonstrate that, at present, renewable energy companies generate a significantly higher return on assets and make larger investment outlays than their conventional peers. Univariate cross-sectional tests confirm that they also enjoy access to cheaper equity and more plentiful debt financing thanks to a shift in the priorities of financial institutions and capital markets. We posit that, besides the cumbersome permit system, the biggest challenge to the operating performance of renewable energy firms could reside in the restrictive revenue caps, price regulation, and renewable firms’ exposure to spot market price fluctuations. The econometric analysis based on multivariate panel regression models demonstrates that the profitability and financing needs of renewable energy companies are more sensitive to electricity prices than those of conventional energy firms. We conclude that higher energy prices and greater reliance on market pricing mechanisms could significantly boost the performance of the renewable energy sector.

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19

YAKUBIV, VALENTYNA, YULIIA MAKSYMIV, IRYNA HRYHORUK, NAZARIY POPADYNETS, and IRYNA PIATNYCHUK. "DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.3-4.77-87.

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Анотація:

The paper deals with global trends in energy consumption and renewable energy generation. Worldwide practices in financing of renewable energy production are analysed according to the following dimensions: sources of financing, types of used policy instruments, types of recipients (public or private) and types of financed technologies. The key factors that influence the investment attractiveness of renewable energy sources in the world are presented. Main obstacles impeding the utilisation of potential of renewable energy generation in Ukraine are pointed out from the standpoint of the global development trends, as the experience of economically developed countries are advised to be used for Ukraine. Conditions for investment activity in this field should be created (involving both domestic and foreign investments), stimulating state policy should be implemented, and an energy management based on the international experience should be developed. The problems of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are described, in particular, the presence of investment risk in terms of its components as general economic, legal and financial. In the most developed countries in terms of RES consumption direct public investment is a small proportion of total renewable energy financing, whereas private investment has the major share. A significant obstacle to the possibility of realizing such experience in Ukraine is the presence of investment risk, mainly caused by unstable political conditions (both internal and external). Energy management and monitoring activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership and branch affiliation should be introduced along with the necessity of attracting investments in renewable energy. It is expected that the results presented in this article may be useful for improving the renewable energy development policy both at the country level and at the level of a particular economic entity.

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20

Sinaiko, Daniel. "Renewable Energy-Finance: Financing US Renewable Energy Projects in a Post-Subsidy World." Natural Gas & Electricity 29, no. 10 (April 18, 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21685.

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21

Litvinenko, A. V. "Financial Support of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Measures in Ukraine." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-354-358.

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Анотація:

The article examines the main instruments of financial support for the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures in Ukraine, such as "green" tariff, "warm" loans, ESCO agreements, grants from the State Energy Efficiency Fund. The prospect of introducing "green" bonds, in particular the formation of the necessary regulatory framework for the use of this financial instrument. The energy balance of Ukraine in the context of energy generation from traditional and alternative sources is characterized. The dynamics of growth of generation from renewable sources and the factors that influenced growth are analyzed. The advantages of financing the development of renewable energy and energy saving at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels are considered. The importance of increasing the production of energy from renewable sources and the introduction of energy efficiency measures in the domestic and industrial sectors of the economy for the energy security of Ukraine is underlined. The causes of the crisis of non-payment for alternative energy produced on the Ukrainian energy market and the negative consequences of this crisis for the banking sector of Ukraine are studied. The use of financing instruments for the implementation of energy efficiency measures is considered in detail. The formation of a balanced financial support mechanism to prevent the emergence of destabilizing factors in the national economy, as well as for a "green" transition in the energy sector is substantiated.

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22

Setiawan, Zefania. "Optimal Capital Structure Analysis of PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk." Journal Integration of Social Studies and Business Development 1, no. 2 (August 13, 2023): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58229/jissbd.v1i2.115.

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Анотація:

In 2020, fossil fuels accounted for around 80% of the world's energy supply, but the 2022 global energy crisis highlighted their vulnerability and lack of sustainability, prompting a global shift towards renewable energy sources. Indonesia, recognizing its potential in renewable energy, has taken proactive steps to accelerate its transition, such as the issuance of Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2022 to facilitate renewable energy development. PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk responded positively to the regulation and has allocated USD 30 million in 2023 to implement renewable energy strategies. They are also pursuing a USD 100 million renewable energy project in the Philippines. To fund its initiatives, PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk plans to use USD 9 million from internal cash reserves and obtain an additional USD 121 million from external financing sources. However, their current capital structure has a debt-to-equity ratio of 76.84%, which deviates significantly from the industry average of 35.92%, suggesting that it may not be optimal. This study employs the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) method to identify the most optimal capital structure that will maximize the company's value. The suggested capital structure consists of 34% debt and 66% equity, resulting in an optimal cost of capital of 12.2868%. To implement their renewable energy plan, PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk needs to secure a total funding of USD 23,947,572.54 through debt financing and USD 97,052,427.46 through equity financing. Keywords: optimal capital structure; renewable energy; financing plan

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23

Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, and Naoyuki Yoshino. "Sustainable Solutions for Green Financing and Investment in Renewable Energy Projects." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040788.

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Анотація:

The lack of long-term financing, the low rate of return, the existence of various risks, and the lack of capacity of market players are major challenges for the development of green energy projects. This paper aimed to highlight the challenges of green financing and investment in renewable energy projects and to provide practical solutions for filling the green financing gap. Practical solutions include increasing the role of public financial institutions and non-banking financial institutions (pension funds and insurance companies) in long-term green investments, utilizing the spillover tax to increase the rate of return of green projects, developing green credit guarantee schemes to reduce the credit risk, establishing community-based trust funds, and addressing green investment risks via financial and policy de-risking. The paper also provides a practical example of the implementation of the proposed tools.

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24

Templeman, Andre, Rohit Ogra, Mark Struk, and Bryan Crosby. "Financing-Renewables: Renewable Energy Markets Challenged, but Strategies for Profit Still Exist." Natural Gas & Electricity 29, no. 11 (May 21, 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21692.

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25

O'Connor, Craig. "Renewables-Finance: Export-Import Bank Has Major Role in Financing Renewable Energy." Natural Gas & Electricity 30, no. 2 (August 22, 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21712.

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26

Mazzucato, Mariana, and Gregor Semieniuk. "Financing renewable energy: Who is financing what and why it matters." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 127 (February 2018): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.021.

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27

Asemota, Franklin Famous, and Felicia Omowunmi Olokoyo. "Renewable Energy Financing and Sustainable Industrial Development in Nigeria." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 4 (July 20, 2022): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13077.

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Анотація:

Due to the inability of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy to meet the ever-increasing industrial energy need in Nigeria, there is therefore need to explore various financing option available to execute renewable energy project that will contribute to the energy basket which will sustainably impact industrial development in Nigeria. Obtaining secondary data from World development indicator from 1980 to 2021, the study utilized the auto-regressive distributed lag method to estimate the long run impact of renewable energy financing and sustainable industrial development in Nigeria. The findings reveal that the use of external debt for financing renewable energy as well the use of energy from Combustible waste source and alternate nuclear source significantly and positively determines the development of the industrial sector in Nigeria. while the use of taxation and donation to fund renewable energy as well as the use of energy source from hydroelectric were not contributing significantly to sustainable industrial development in Nigeria. The study further recommends that relevant framework that will make investment in renewable energy as well as the utilization of renewable energy to be attractive to various stakeholders in Nigeria should be established. The underlying downside risk in renewable energy utilization and financing must be address so as to mobilize sufficient private sector investment needed to drive sustainable industrial development in Nigeria

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28

Rezec, Michael, and Bert Scholtens. "Financing energy transformation: The role of renewable energy equity indices." International Journal of Green Energy 14, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2016.1261704.

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29

Cook, David R., and Roland F. Hall. "Financing Renewable Energy Projects In Difficult Economic Times." Energy Engineering 109, no. 3 (March 20, 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998595.2012.10491655.

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30

Agrawal, Ashutosh. "Risk Mitigation Strategies for Renewable Energy Project Financing." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 32, no. 2 (September 2012): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485236.2012.10554231.

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31

Srinivasan, Sunderasan. "Microfinance for Renewable Energy: financing the 'former poor'." World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wremsd.2007.012132.

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32

Le, Thai-Ha, Canh Phuc Nguyen, and Donghyun Park. "Financing renewable energy development: Insights from 55 countries." Energy Research & Social Science 68 (October 2020): 101537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101537.

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33

Tural Məmmədzadə, Tural Məmmədzadə. "DAYANIQLI İNKİŞAF ÜÇÜN BƏRPA OLUNAN ENERJİNİN YENİ NƏSİL MALİYYƏLƏŞDİRMƏ MEXANİZMLƏRİ." Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus 53, no. 06 (December 9, 2022): 04–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/cesajsc53062022-04.

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Анотація:

This article emphasizes the importance of the joint contribution of all parties (public, private, national, international) in securing the necessary finance to combat climate change. The use of renewable energy sources to achieve the goals of sustainable development, goal 7 and goal 13, and their financing mechanisms are investigated. The introductory part of the study provides information on the importance of renewable energy sources and the Paris Agreement. Also, the second part of the study examines new generation financing mechanisms used in the financing of renewable energy investments. The third part of the study examines in detail crowdfunding, green bond and green credit, the existing financing mechanisms used in renewable energy investments in recent years. The fourth part of the study shows the conclusion and discussion. Keywords: Renewable energy, sustainable development, renewable energy financing, crowdfunding, financial mechanism, green bond, green credit. Bu məqalədə iqlim dəyişikliyi ilə mübarizə üçün lazımi maliyyənin təmin edilməsində bütün tərəflərin (dövlət, özəl, milli, beynəlxalq) birgə töhfəsinin vacibliyi vurğulanır. Bərpa olunan enerji mənbələrinin dayanıqlı inkişaf məqsədlərindən məqsəd 7 və məqsəd 13ə nail olunması üçün istifadəsi və onların maliyyələşdirilməli mexanizmləri araşdırılır. Tədqiqatın giriş hissəsində bərpa olunan enerji mənbələrinin əhəmiyyəti, Paris razılaşması haqqında məlumat verilir. Həmçinin tədqiqatın ikinci hissəsində bərpa olunan enerji investisiyalarının maliyyələşdirilməsində istifadə edilən yeni nəsil maliyyələşdirmə mexanizmləri araşdırılır. Araşdırmanın üçüncü hissəsində son illərdə bərpa olunan enerji investisiyalarında istifadə edilən mövcud maliyyələşdirmə mexanizmləri olan kraudfandinq, yaşıl istiqraz və yaşıl kredit ətraflı şəkildə araşdırılır. Tədqiqatın dördüncü hissəsi nəticə və müzakirə göstərilir. Açar sözlər: Bərpa olunan enerji, dayanıqlı inkişaf, bərpa olunan enerjinin maliyyələşdirilməsi, kütləvi maliyyələşdirmə, maliyyə mexanizmi, yaşıl istiqraz, yaşıl kredit.

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Kidmo, Dieudonné Kaoga, Kodji Deli, and Bachirou Bogno. "Status of renewable energy in Cameroon." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021001.

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Globally, the continuous increase of energy consumption coupled with the depletion of the limited fossil fuel sources and their negative impacts on the environment, has shifted focus towards renewables for a sustainable development. For the last fifteen years, the world has enjoyed renewables generation capacity increases in a double-digit Terawatt-hours range. Although renewables consumption is fast developing in Asia Pacific, Europe and North America, significant coordination efforts are required among stakeholders in sub-Saharan Africans countries such as Cameroon. In 2018, the total final energy consumption in Cameroon was 7.41 Mtoe, 74.22% of which was from biomass, 18.48% from fossil fuels and 7.30% from electricity. Furthermore, 6977 GWh of electricity was produced, 78.29% of which from the major electricity operator (ENEO S.A. Cameroon) and 21.71% from independent producers (GLOBELEQ, ALTAAQA Sinohydro China and AGGREKO). More than three quarter of electricity produced were consumed by industry (57.04%) and residential (20.74%) sectors. The country's installed electricity generation capacity rose to 1402 MW, 56.15% of which was from hydropower, 43.84% from fossil fuels (17.55% from natural gas and 26.29% from oil) and 0.01% from solar photovoltaic. The promotion of renewable energy is an important part of Cameroon's plan to increase energy security and provide job opportunities to the country. Yet, the lack of proactive and long-term renewable energy policy and laws, in addition to less attention paid to renewable energy training and research, financing mechanisms, and unaffordable costs of renewable energy technologies to the poor population are amongst present issues hindering the development of renewable energy in the country. Hence, this paper aims to highlight the present status of renewable energy exploitation and development in Cameroon.

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Duc, Nguyen Huu. "FINANCIAL RISKS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2023): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-100-112.

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The study of the current state of the renewable energy sources (RES) sector as an important area for reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere makes it possible to identify a circle of subjects – participants in the RES electricity market. The financial risks they take largely determine the present and future of this innovative market in terms of investment, financing, lending, insurance, regulation, and incentives. The renewable energy market is of particular interest to investors, financial institutions, the state setting the rules of the game and stimulating its development. The financial risks of market participants as the probability of monetary losses and losses are manifested at all stages of the development and implementation of renewable energy projects, from the development of technologies to public procurement of generated electricity. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of financing renewable energy projects, in particular, high initial financial costs, long payback periods for projects requiring long-term lending, sensitivity to regulatory and legal changes on the part of the state in terms of purchase prices for electricity, subsidies and incentive benefits for its producers and financial institutions – participants. Based on specific examples of renewable energy projects, the risks of banks, insurers in Vietnam and a number of developing countries in South Asia that provide green loans and green insurance products to companies implementing renewable energy projects, as well as households producing electricity from solar systems, are considered. Recommendations were formulated for national financial regulators, banking institutions, insurance companies to ensure acceptable financial conditions for renewable energy projects and adequately assess their own financial risks.

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36

Yildiz, Özgür. "Financing renewable energy infrastructures via financial citizen participation – The case of Germany." Renewable Energy 68 (August 2014): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.038.

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37

Rumyantseva, Anna, Svetlana Zhutyaeva, and Natalya Lazareva. "Promotion of investment in renewable energy projects." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199103006.

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The article presents the need for the development of renewable energy sources due to the improvement of energy efficiency, safety, and environmental conditions; there is also a worldwide state interest in this area of development. An overview of the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in the world since 1990 is made, and it is noted that the fastest development rates are observed in the solar and wind energy development. The global market for environmental projects financing is analyzed, the instruments for renewable energy projects financing are evaluated, and the green bond market state is presented in detail. Directions for further policies aimed at encouraging increased investment in renewable energy sources are proposed.

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38

Foster-Pedley, J., and H. Hertzog. "Financing strategies for growth in the renewable energy industry in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i4a3209.

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This study analyses empirical qualitative data collected from key stakeholders in the renewable energy industry in South Africa. As a step on the path towards developing better success in financing for renewable energy entrepreneurs, a financing framework is proposed and used to create a holistic view of the financing process in the renewable energy sector. It allows stakeholders to get an understanding of all the motives, barriers, sources of capital and possible destinations of capital in one system. Many good reasons exist for South Africa to invest in renewable energy with motives dominated by environmental concerns, diversity of supply, job creation and economic development. Internationally, investment in renewable energy projects has been growing despite a significant slump in overall global investment trends. In a decentralised business model, smaller renewable energy based businesses will continue to have difficulty in raising finance in South Africa. Key barriers include the high price of energy and equipment resulting in poor profitability, the reliability and quality of government policy, a lack of awareness and experience and a lack of innovative financing solutions. The study finds there are many expectations for government to address the needs of the industry within the context of its current regulated status. There appears to be a preference for demand side interventions, which rely on levies, subsidies and tax incentives. This paper strives to offer new ways of looking at the financing problems currently being experienced in the industry and proposes an innovative framework to assist the stakeholders in the industry in structuring financing for renewable energy ventures.

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39

Omirtay, A., and A. Ongdash. "Financing environmental clean and renewable energy sources for sustainable development." ECONOMIC SERIES OF THE BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV ENU, no. 2 (2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2789-4320-2022-2-209-220.

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One of the most dynamically developing sectors of the electric power industry is the production of electricity using renewable energy sources. An investor who intends to implement an investment project in the field of renewable energy will certainly be interested to know what benefits he has the right to believe in. The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of investment activity in the field of renewable energy, analyzes the methods used for innovative financing of existing projects. Scientifically grounded proposals have been developed for the introduction and use of foreign experience of financing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. One of the leading areas of renewable energy is the construction of "green" bonds. The analysis of the state of renewable energy in Kazakhstan is carried out, the current problems and ways of their solution are identified, and the potential for its development is determined. On the example of developing countries, a number of measures are considered aimed at creating a favorable environment for the development of alternative energy sources, as well as attracting investments in renewable energy resources. The state strategy aimed at the development of renewable and other energy resources is considered.

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40

Krozer, Yoram. "Financing of the global shift to renewable energy and energy efficiency." Green Finance 1, no. 3 (2019): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2019.3.264.

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41

Santhanamarisamy, Sasikumar. "Green Energy -Overview." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47522.

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Abstract: Green energy definition, Source of Green energy, India’ s Energy scenario and demand of Renewable energy, Green energy types, Renewable Energy -outlook, Financing option for Green Energy and Importance of Green Energy. Green Energy is the primary source of reducing the India’s Carbon foot print.

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42

Nikolova, Ralitsa. "THE EFFECTS OF THE RETROSPECTIVE MEASURES IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v10i1.202.

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The boom in investments in the renewable energy sector in the recent years has prompted many EU countries to implement retrospective measures in the form of legislative changes that have become one of the main risks facing the development of renewable technologies. This article examines the main effects of the retrospective measures. Among them are the more difficult access and higher cost of financing, reducing the cost effectiveness of the renewable energy projects and the reduction of investments in this sector.

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43

Czarkowska, Alicja, and Marek Czarkowski. "The use of biogas energy technology in the energy security system." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 4, no. 41 (December 31, 2021): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7769.

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Electricity and heat production from agricultural biogas is currently one of the most beneficial methods of obtaining renewable energy. Investments in biogas power engineering in Poland are not widespread at the moment. The obstacles connected with legal regulations, social conditions as well as problems connected with the sources of financing are the reasons why Poland is still behind the leader in biogas energy production in the European Union, i.e. Germany, despite its comparable geographical conditions. The aim of this article is to broaden the knowledge of production and use of biogas energy from renewable resources. The article presents possible forms of financing investments in this type of renewable energy source and presents perspectives and conditions of its development, i.e. benefits affecting the environment, society and economy as well as barriers hindering their development.

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44

Bointner, Raphael, Simon Pezzutto, Gianluca Grilli, and Wolfram Sparber. "Financing Innovations for the Renewable Energy Transition in Europe." Energies 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2016): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9120990.

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45

Dudnik, Anna I. "Mechanisms for Financing Projects in the Renewable Energy Sector." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 10 (2022): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2022.10.13.

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46

Kropelnytska, Svitlana, and Tetiana Mayorova. "The financing of renewable energy development projects in Ukraine." Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 24, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/epj/142393.

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47

Omojolaibi, Joseph Ayoola. "Financing the alternative: renewable energy in the Nigerian economy." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 15, no. 2 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2016.076367.

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48

Fu, Jingyan, and Artie W. Ng. "Scaling up Renewable Energy Assets: Issuing Green Bond via Structured Public-Private Collaboration for Managing Risk in an Emerging Economy." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113076.

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Green bonds have increasingly been utilized around the world as a source of financing for renewable energy development, designed with compliance requirements and measurable economic returns to investors, while mitigating climate change. However, the efficacy of green bond arranged in the emerging economies for financing renewable energy assets and how the underlying risks are managed have remained to be explored. The paper aims to examine the evolving green financial system sponsored by both public and private institutions in managing such risks within China’s emerging economy. A case study of green financing for a bundle of wind power assets led by a state-owned enterprise (SOE) reveals an alternative approach by structuring public–private collaboration while stipulating market-based financial incentives to institutional stakeholders under a political economy. This institutional consortium is composed of a state development bank, a commercial bank, credit rating agencies, institutional and private investors, regional power purchasers, and carbon trading entities. Financial stakeholders’ risk in such emerging sustainable investment is moderated by these participating institutions and structured “upsides” from carbon trading aligned with the framework of green finance and standards for green bond development. The results reveal the potentials of scaling up the development of renewable energy by adequately managing and sharing key risks, while allocating substantial funding into renewable energy projects under such a green financial system that is to be complementary with a scalable post COVID-19 economic recovery.

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49

Maruszewska, Ewa W., Kęstutis Navickas, and Renata Navickienė. "Subsidies as Financing Opportunities – the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0034.

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AbstractAs Poland is considered a coal country, renewable energy resources still do not have a significant share in energy production. Further, 14% contribution of renewable energy to total primary energy production in 2020 is endangered. Thus, in order to speed up with renewable energy sources new actions should be stimulated. The aim of the article is to describe the most popular renewable energy installations in Poland and further to search for a case study indicating that an investment in renewable sources is profitable without financial support. The results indicate that prior literature does not present any analysis of profitable renewable energy investment without financial support. It states the need for regulators to implement additional financial support not only on the European Union level but also on the national one.

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50

Bushukina, Victoria I. "Specific Features of Renewable Energy Development in the World and Russia." Financial Journal 13, no. 5 (October 2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2021-5-93-107.

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The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of investment activities in the field of renewable energy in the world and in Russia. To achieve this goal, during the development of theoretical material, a systematic analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of financing mechanisms for renewable energy projects was carried out. Statistical and econometric research tools include correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis. The article examines the development of renewable energy, its benefits, and investments in the industry. The financial risks and barriers associated with financing renewable energy projects are considered. The development of the industry over the past 10 years is analyzed, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the electricity industry in general and on renewable energy in a number of countries. It is established that the world is shifting to the use of renewable energy sources, and in Russia they are not being given due attention. It is revealed that the existing thermal generation units in Russia are of great age and are to be decommissioned in the near future. The current state of renewable energy in Russia, measures to support it and the rate of its development are investigated. The technical potential of wind and solar power plants in the Russian Federation is considered within the aim of diversifying electricity production. The factors that negatively affect the development of the renewable energy industry are identified.

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