Статті в журналах: "Financial losses"

1

Neumann, Peter G. "Accidental financial losses." Communications of the ACM 35, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/130994.131008.

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2

Mikhalevich, V. M. "Parametric decision problems with financial losses." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 47, no. 2 (March 2011): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-011-9310-x.

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3

Fisher, James, Jim Gilsinan, Muhammed Islam, and Neil Seitz. "Who were the winners and losers in the Financial Crisis of 2008: it depends." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2013-0059.

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Purpose – This paper aims to address the question of who gained and who lost in the financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach – Gains and losses were identified by groups ranging from bankers to homeowners to taxpayers. Findings – Gains and losses are not neatly split by a main street/Wall street dichotomy. Major financial institutions and their chief executive officers made huge gains followed by bigger losses, a substantial portion of which were shared by taxpayers. Homeowners and taxpayers consistently lost. Workers and real estate developers experienced a mixture of gains and losses. Practical implications – Financial legislation is affected by questions of who won and who lost. The complex mixture of gains and losses must be fully grasped if winners and losers are an important consideration in the design of legislation. Originality/value – The detailed analysis and model of winners and losers provide important lessons for legislators and regulators in all countries.

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4

Moll, Benjamin. "Productivity Losses from Financial Frictions: Can Self-Financing Undo Capital Misallocation?" American Economic Review 104, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 3186–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.10.3186.

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I develop a highly tractable general equilibrium model in which heterogeneous producers face collateral constraints, and study the effect of financial frictions on capital misallocation and aggregate productivity. My economy is isomorphic to a Solow model but with time-varying TFP. I argue that the persistence of idiosyncratic productivity shocks determines both the size of steady-state productivity losses and the speed of transitions: if shocks are persistent, steady-state losses are small but transitions are slow. Even if financial frictions are unimportant in the long run, they tend to matter in the short run and analyzing steady states only can be misleading. (JEL E21, E22, E23, G32, L26, O16)

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5

Combes, Jean-Louis, Alexandru Minea, and Jean-Marc Atsebi. "The Sectoral Trade Losses from Financial Crises." IMF Working Papers 2021, no. 176 (June 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513586731.001.

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6

Rusinko, Cathy A., and John O. Matthews. "Financial losses due to financial derivatives: A problem of technology transfer." Journal of Technology Transfer 23, no. 3 (September 1998): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02509572.

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7

Bigio, Saki, and Adrien d’Avernas. "Financial Risk Capacity." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 142–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160286.

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Financial crises are particularly severe and lengthy when banks fail to recapitalize after bearing large losses. We present a model that explains the slow recovery of bank capital and economic activity. Banks provide intermediation in markets with information asymmetries. Large equity losses force banks to tighten intermediation, which exacerbates adverse selection. Adverse selection lowers bank profit margins, which slows both the internal growth of equity and equity injections. This mechanism generates financial crises characterized by persistent low growth. The lack of equity injections during crises is a coordination failure that is solved when the decision to recapitalize banks is centralized. (JEL D82, E32, E44, G01, G21, G32, L25)

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8

Dmitrieva, O. "Economic Turnovers and Financial Vacuum Cleaners." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2013): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-7-49-62.

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The paper considers different types of financial flows in the form of turnovers to imply the return to the starting point with direct or indirect losses. The dynamic schemes, volumes and losses of turnovers are examined: the financial turnover between federal budget, financial markets for budget surplus investmentsand financial markets for the budget deficit borrowings; pension turnover between the State Pension Fund, financial institutions for pensions’ savings and federal budget; the property turnover and the tax turnover for raw materials export. The total volume of turnovers is estimated as 15—19% of GDP with losses equal to 35% of federal budget expenditures.

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9

Vélez-Pareja, Ignacio. "Tax shields, financial expenses and losses carried forward." Cuadernos de Economía 35, no. 69 (September 1, 2016): 663–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v35n69.54352.

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This article deals with the proper procedure for calculating Tax Shields (TS). The calculation includes cases where Losses Carried Forward are allowed and there is financial Other Income (OI). The procedure takes into account the magnitude of Adjusted Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBITAdj) -that is, EBIT + OI - OE excluding Financial- compared with Financial Expenses (FE). This comparison defines three intervals and results for TS. If EBITAdj. < 0, TS will be 0; if EBITAdj. > 0 and less than FE, TS is T x EBITAdj.; finally if EBITAdj. > FE, TS is T x FE. When firm possesses OI, TS are not equivalent to the difference in taxes and an adjustment is needed. Proper calculation of TS is important because their value might represent a substantial part of firm value.

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10

Duffy, Sarah Q., and Bernard Friedman. "Hospitals with Chronic Financial Losses: What Came Next?" Health Affairs 12, no. 2 (January 1993): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.12.2.151.

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11

Capponi, Agostino, Peng-Chu Chen, and David D. Yao. "Liability Concentration and Systemic Losses in Financial Networks." Operations Research 64, no. 5 (October 2016): 1121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2015.1402.

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12

Niinimaki, J. P. "Hidden loan losses, moral hazard and financial crises." Journal of Financial Stability 8, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2009.08.001.

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13

Adelino, Manuel, Katharina Lewellen, and W. Ben McCartney. "Hospital Financial Health and Clinical Choices: Evidence from the Financial Crisis." Management Science 68, no. 3 (March 2022): 2098–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3944.

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Financial constraints can cause firms to reduce product quality when quality is difficult to observe. We test this hypothesis in the context of medical choices at hospitals. Using heart attacks and child deliveries, we ask whether hospitals shift toward more profitable treatment options after a financial shock—the 2008 financial crisis. The crisis was followed by an unprecedented drop in hospital investments, yet the aggregate trends show no discrete shifts in treatment intensity post-2008. For cardiac treatment (but not for child deliveries), we find evidence that hospitals with larger financial losses during the financial crisis subsequently increased their use of intensive treatments relative to hospitals with smaller losses, consistent with the effects of financing constraints. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.

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14

Wasahua, Idris, Istislam Istislam, Abdul Madjid, and Setyo Widagdo. "Legal implications of the criminal policy of returning state financial losses by corporations in corruption criminal acts to restore state financial losses." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 8 (January 1, 2022): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i8.1464.

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The criminal policy of returning state financial losses to corporations as perpetrators of corruption in state financial losses is regulated as additional criminal sanctions in the form of confiscation of goods and payment of replacement money in Article 18 paragraph (1) letter a and letter b of Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The purpose of this study is to find out how the legal implications of the criminal policy of returning state financial losses by corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption are. This research includes normative legal research with several approaches, namely; Historical approach, statutory approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the existing criminal policy for recovering state financial losses still has various legal implications which result in non-optimal efforts to recover state financial losses due to corruption in state financial losses committed by corporations.

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15

Suta, I. Made Gemet Dananjaya, I. Gusti Agung Mas Prabandari, and Ni Luh Gede Astariyani. "Determining State’s Financial Losses in Corruption: An Institutional Power and Constraint in Indonesia." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.21923.

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One of the main elements in corruption is the loss of state finances. It results in confusion impacting law enforcement officials' performance in eradicating corruption. In Indonesia, the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) is an institution authorized to assess state financial losses. In practice, the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) is another institution with similar power. This study analyzed which institutions have the more appropriate power in determining state financial losses in corruption. Using legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study showed that the BPK is an institution granted the constitutional power to examine state finances' management and responsibility, asserting its more legitimate institution to handle the power to assess the financial losses. Consequently, the BPK is the only state institution that can determine state financial losses. At the same time, the BPKP is only authorized to assess or audit the calculation of state financial losses as an indication of irregularities detrimental to state finances. This study concluded that only the BPK can assess and determine state financial losses used in examining the alleged corruption before the court. KEYWORDS: Institutional Powers, Financial Audit Institution, Corruption.

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16

Bucher-Koenen, Tabea, and Michael Ziegelmeyer. "Once Burned, Twice Shy? Financial Literacy and Wealth Losses during the Financial Crisis*." Review of Finance 18, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 2215–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rft052.

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17

Han, Minsoo. "International financial integration and total factor productivity losses from underdeveloped domestic financial markets." Economics Letters 212 (March 2022): 110282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110282.

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18

Наточеева, N. Natocheeva, Белянчикова, and T. Belyanchikova. "Assessment of the Financial Losses of the Impact of Threats of the Financial Security of Commercial Banks." Economics of the Firm 5, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24439.

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The article considers the issues of determining the direct and indirect financial losses from the different impact of the economic storms on the activities of banks, determination of the level of losses and their interaction with aggregate index of financial security of banks. The authors propose formal approach of defining the efficiency of the financial security of commercial banks.

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19

Bawono, Bambang Tri. "THE STRATEGY FOR HANDLING CORRUPTION’S CRIMINAL ACTION RELATIONSHIP TO SAVING OF STATE FINANCIAL LOSSES." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v7i3.13357.

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The massive amount of corruption that has occurred so far is closely related to the increase in state financial losses. Even though there are regulations regarding additional penalties in the form of compensation money as regulated in Article 18 of the Corruption Crime Law, the existence of this provision has not been able to return the overall state financial losses, even the total state financial losses with those saved have a significant difference. Based on this, this study examines the factors that cause state financial losses in the criminal act of corruption. Apart from that, strategies must be taken to recover from losses to state finances. The research method used in this research is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study indicate that the provision of additional penalties in the form of replacement money as contained in Article 18 of the Corruption Eradication Law is basically suitable for recovering state financial losses. It's just that, the existence of such additional crimes because it is accompanied by law enforcement with a retributive justice approach which results in the crime of substitute money which cannot recover state financial losses, because the retributive justice approach requires expensive costs.

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20

Anderson, Susan E., Lynn Comer Jones, and Tracy N. Reed. "Insurance Fraud: Losses, Liabilities, and September 11." Issues in Accounting Education 27, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50248.

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ABSTRACT This instructional case presents available facts and circumstances surrounding Fortress Reinsurance (Fortress Re). Fortress Re, an agent securing aviation reinsurance, managed a reinsurance pool that covered all four planes involved in the September 11, 2001 disaster. Fortress Re had engaged in deceptive financial reporting, misleading its business partners to believe they were protected in the event of catastrophic loss. The events on 9/11 led to the discovery of this fraud, resulting in multiple lawsuits against Fortress Re, its owners, and its auditor, Deloitte. The case explores the questionable financial reporting and auditing practices employed, as well as significant charitable contributions made with fraudulent funds. The case can serve as an instructional resource for teaching financial accounting, auditing, tax, ethics, and law. The instructional use of this case has been tested in undergraduate and graduate classes. The case can improve students' research skills, since students must use the Accounting Standards Codification and IASB website to answer the financial accounting questions, and a tax research database to address the tax questions. A survey assessing the case found that students exhibited an understanding of and an interest in the case.

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21

Merkle, Christoph. "Financial Loss Aversion Illusion*." Review of Finance 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 381–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfz002.

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Abstract We test the proposition that investors’ ability to cope with financial losses is much better than they expect. In a panel survey of investors from a large bank in the UK, we ask for their subjective ratings of anticipated returns and experienced returns. The time period covered by the panel (2008–10) is one where investors experienced frequent losses and gains in their portfolios. This period offers a unique setting to evaluate investors’ hedonic experiences. We examine how the subjective ratings behave relative to expected portfolio returns and experienced portfolio returns. Loss aversion is strong for anticipated outcomes; investors are twice as sensitive to negative expected returns as to positive expected returns. However, when evaluating experienced returns, the effect diminishes by more than half and is well below commonly found loss aversion coefficients. This suggests that a large part of investors’ financial loss aversion results from an affective forecasting error.

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22

Focker, M., H. J. van der Fels-Klerx, and A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink. "Financial losses for Dutch stakeholders during the 2013 aflatoxin incident in Maize in Europe." Mycotoxin Research 37, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00429-9.

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AbstractEarly 2013, high concentrations of aflatoxin M1 were found in the bulk milk of a few dairy farms in the Netherlands. These high concentrations were caused by aflatoxin B1 contaminated maize from Eastern Europe that was processed into compound feed, which was fed to dairy cows. Since the contamination was discovered in the downstream stages of the supply chain, multiple countries and parties were involved and recalls of the feed were necessary, resulting into financial losses. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct short-term financial losses related to the 2013 aflatoxin incident for the maize traders, the feed industry, and the dairy sector in the Netherlands. First, the sequence of events of the incident was retrieved. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation model was built to combine the scarce and uncertain data to estimate the direct financial losses for each stakeholder. The estimated total direct financial losses of this incident were estimated to be between 12 and 25 million euros. The largest share, about 60%, of the total losses was endured by the maize traders. About 39% of the total losses were for the feed industry, and less than 1% of the total losses were for the dairy sector. The financial losses estimated in this study should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations associated with the quality of the data used. Furthermore, this incident led to indirect long-term financial effects, identified but not estimated in this study.

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23

Mulder, J. D. W. E. "How do We Compensate a Victim's Losses?" International Review of Victimology 16, no. 1 (May 2009): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800901600104.

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Compensatory damages awarded in court are intended to make victims ‘whole again’. This intention raises the question how the losses, especially the emotional losses, that victims incur could be compensated. This paper provides an overview of the economic theories that are used to provide an answer to this question and it purports to provide a new perspective on compensation by explaining how victims could be compensated by both financial and non-financial forms of compensation.

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24

Simamora, Masinta, Diarto Trisnoyuwono, and Anastasia H. Muda. "KONSEKUENSI FINANSIAL KERUSAKAN PREMATUR PERKERASAN JALAN: SEBUAH KERANGKA PIKIR DAN APLIKASINYA." JUTEKS - Jurnal Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/juteks.v2i1.121.

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The management of national road is not optimal and has not efficient yet. Its indication is premature damage of road. However, road damage cannot be avoided. The problem is whether premature damage causes losses. This paper aims to show the framework of the losses of premature damage of road in term of financial consequences and to apply that framework by a simulation. Based on concept of benefit value which is represented by serviceability level through pavement condition index for along its life time service was developed the framework of financial consequences on premature damage of road, which is represented with loss of road condition. Second, to count the losses on premature damage of road by a simulation. The result showed that premature damage of road causes lossess. The loss for losing 36 on pavement condition indexs is Rp. 458.257.899,41 per kilo meter. So, the loss for losing one on condition index is Rp. 12.729.386,09. Moreover, in term of the prematur damage is not accured the lose does not arise or zero losses.

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25

Carr, Darragh, and Murray Thomson. "Non-Technical Electricity Losses." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062218.

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Non-technical loss of electricity (comprising theft, fraud, non-payment and billing irregularities) is a significant issue, particularly in developing countries, and represents a large financial burden on utility companies, governments and society as a whole. This paper takes a wholistic and global view of the challenge and provides a broad perspective of the interrelated issues. Media reports and public perception of non-technical losses tend to focus on residential consumers, particularly those with limited financial resources, whereas review of more robust literature indicates that the largest proportion of non-technical losses is often due to industry, state-owned enterprises and relatively well-off residential consumers. Measures to reduce non-technical losses focusing on average residential consumers, such as pre-paid metering, therefore have limited effect on overall losses. Strengthening of legal and regulatory frameworks, particularly with regard to those larger users, and installing high security tamper-resistant metering systems for commercial consumers may have more effect. The reasons for non-technical losses, especially theft, are complex, but the customer–utility relationship is a key determinant. Improvement of this relationship through local participation in development of renewable energy schemes, such as rooftop solar photovoltaics, could bring benefit if challenges such as financing, design of the distribution system, utility company codes and standards and competence in post installation maintenance can be overcome.

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26

Cope, Eric, and Luke Carrivick. "Effects of the financial crisis on banking operational losses." Journal of Operational Risk 8, no. 3 (September 2013): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jop.2013.125.

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27

Bidyuk, Petro I., and Nataliia V. Kuznietsova. "Probabilistic-Statistical Method for Risk Assessment of Financial Losses." Research Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Politechnic Institute", no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1810-0546.2018.2.128989.

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28

Zhao, Mei, D. Rob Haley, Reid M. Oetjen, and Henry J. Carretta. "Malpractice paid losses and financial performance of nursing homes." Health Care Management Review 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0b013e3181e62c36.

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29

Hasman, Augusto. "Does the financial market compensate investors for operational Losses?" Operations Research Letters 49, no. 1 (January 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2020.11.011.

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30

Grieser, Jürgen, and Francesca Terenzi. "Modeling Financial Losses Resulting from Tornadoes in European Countries." Weather, Climate, and Society 8, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-15-0036.1.

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Abstract Tornadoes are a notorious, common threat to human life and property in the United States. Although less common, violent tornadoes are also reported in Europe. The authors aim for an estimation of the average annual loss ratio of European buildings due to tornadoes. An aggregated loss model is used that takes as input the tornado intensity distribution over the Fujita scale (F scale), the distribution of tornado footprint sizes per F class, the vulnerability of European buildings, and the average occurrence rate of tornadoes. Information about these variables is taken from the European Severe Weather Database and, where needed, from the U.S. Storm Prediction Center tornado database, which contains about 16 times more records. However, both databases are biased. Weak tornadoes are underrepresented. Therefore a bias-corrected tornado intensity distribution is used, with its uncertainty taken from the literature. Individual tornadoes are modeled as moving Rankine vortices creating elliptic footprints with correlated length and width. This allows for the estimation of the area fraction of a tornado footprint with lower wind speeds than the maximum wind speed, which is generally used to attribute an intensity. This approach is applied to define effective vulnerability functions of European buildings. A major result is that an expected 90% of the tornadoes contribute only about 1% to the average loss, while the rare F4 tornadoes contribute more than 40% of losses. Given that most national tornado databases in Europe contain tornado records for recent years only and few (if any) violent tornadoes, observed losses can lead to a remarkable underestimation of tornado risk in Europe.

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31

FAURE, MICHAEL, ANTHONY OGUS, and NIELS PHILIPSEN. "Curbing Consumer Financial Losses: The Economics of Regulatory Enforcement." Law & Policy 31, no. 2 (April 2009): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2009.00299.x.

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32

Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Sahbi Sahli, Pauline Coti Bertrand, François Pralong, and Gérard Waeber. "Undernutrition is associated with increased financial losses in hospitals." Clinical Nutrition 37, no. 2 (April 2018): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.012.

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33

Stiller, Wojciech. "Corporate Income Tax Contribution of the Polish Financial Sector." e-Finanse 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2018-0014.

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AbstractThe financial crisis has stimulated debate on the taxation of the financial sector. The focus is on the bank levy and financial transaction tax, whereas corporate income tax attracts less attention in the public debate. Accordingly, this study analyses the contribution of the financial sector to Polish revenue from corporate income tax. Based on tax statistics of the Ministry of Finance from 1998 to 2016, the aggregated effective tax burden of the financial sector is determined and compared with the tax burden of corporations from other sectors. In addition, the study deals with loss deduction of the financial sector in comparison to non-financial corporations.The study shows that the effective tax burden of the financial sector - measured as a ratio of the tax due to income - is higher than the corresponding burden for corporations from outside this sector. A higher corporate income tax burden of the financial sector also applies if it is measured by aggregated profits reduced by losses. An exception to this is the period up to 2002 and the year 2009, when the effective tax burden of the financial sector was lower after the inclusion of losses when compared to other sectors of the Polish economy. This can be explained by the relatively low losses of the Polish financial corporations compared to other corporations. Furthermore, the study shows that tax losses in the financial sector are used much more effectively. The minimum ratio of the expired loss carry-forward - due to its limitation up to five years – to the reported losses accounts for 20.2% for this sector and is thereby significantly lower than the corresponding share of 54.6% for non-financial corporations.

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34

Goodhart, C. A. E. "Financial Regulation, Credit Risk and Financial Stability." National Institute Economic Review 192 (April 2005): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010519200111.

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In contrast to recent successful developments in macro monetary policies, the modelling, measurement and management of systemic financial stability has remained problematical. Indeed, the focus of most effort has been on improving individual, rather than systemic, bank risk management; the Basel II objective has been to bring regulatory bank capital into line with the (sophisticated) banks‘ assessment of their own economic capital. Even at the individual bank level there are concerns over (i) appropriate diversification allowances, (ii) differing objectives of banks and regulators, (iii) the need for a buffer over regulatory minima, and (iv) the distinction between expected and unexpected losses (EL and UL). At the systemic level the quite complex and prescriptive content of Basel II raises dangers of ‘endogenous risk’ and procyclicality. Simulations suggest that this latter could be a serious problem.

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35

Chernobai, Anna, Philippe Jorion, and Fan Yu. "The Determinants of Operational Risk in U.S. Financial Institutions." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 46, no. 6 (June 6, 2011): 1683–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109011000500.

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AbstractWe examine the incidence of operational losses among U.S. financial institutions using publicly reported loss data from 1980 to 2005. We show that most operational losses can be traced to a breakdown of internal control, and that firms suffering from these losses tend to be younger and more complex, and have higher credit risk, more antitakeover provisions, and chief executive officers (CEOs) with higher stock option holdings and bonuses relative to salary. These findings highlight the correlation between operational risk and credit risk, as well as the role of corporate governance and proper managerial incentives in mitigating operational risk.

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36

Papadamou, Stephanos, Dionisis Philippas, Batnini Firas, and Thomas Ntitoras. "Abnormal lending and risk in Swedish financial institutions." Review of Accounting and Finance 17, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-02-2017-0028.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between abnormal loan growth and risk in Swedish financial institutions by type and borrower using three indicators as proxies for risks related to loan losses, the ratio of interest income to total loans and solvency perspectives. Design/methodology/approach Using a large sample of different types of Swedish financial institutions, this paper uses a panel framework to examine the relationships between abnormal loan growth rates and loan losses, interest income as a percentage of total loans, changes in the equity to assets ratio and changes in z-score. Findings The findings show two important points of evidence. First, abnormal lending to retail customers increases loan losses and interest income in relation to total loans. Second, abnormal lending to other credit institutions decreases loan losses and significantly changes the capital structure by increasing the reliance on debt funding and significantly improves the z-score measure. Research limitations/implications The findings provide useful implications for the management of loan portfolios for a wide range of Swedish financial institutions, identifying two components: abnormal lending to households may increase loan losses and increase interest income in relation to total loans, and excessive lending to other credit institutions may reduce solvency risk and allow more debt financing for the financial institution. Originality/value This is the first study to use a panel framework in analyzing the behavior of different types of Swedish financial institutions in relation to loans granted to retail customers and other credit institutions.

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37

Escarlos Jr, Jose A., J. F. Cane, and Alan P. Dargantes. "Knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and financial losses of buffalo raisers due to Surra among selected villages in Southern Philippines." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i3.1417.

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The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and financial losses of buffalo raisers due to <em>Trypanosoma </em>evansi infection (surra) and its control in Agusan del Sur Province. One-hundred and sixty (160) buffalo raisers from eight villages in four municipalities (towns) in Agusan del Sur, Mindanao, Southern Philippines were personally interviewed. Majority (63.65%) of respondents provided information about surra. Mean knowledge score of 12.54 was quite low to consider the respondents well informed about surra. Financial losses from mortalities among livestock in eight villages (in four towns) in Agusan del Sur amounted to 9.3 million Philippine Pesos (PHP) (US$ 0.2 M) with additional losses for treatment and diagnosis amounting to PHP 657,000 and PHP 229,500, respectively. The estimated mass treatment and diagnostic costs were PHP 2.4 and PHP 1.1 million, respectively. The estimated overall total financial losses was PHP 13.7 million, averaging PHP 1.7 million per village, and an estimated PHP 538 million (US$ 10.7 M) of total financial losses among livestock in Agusan del Sur due to surra. In conclusion, buffalo raisers in Agusan del Sur Province lack adequate knowledge, attitudes and practices to effectively control surra, a disease that has caused high financial losses among livestock in the province.

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Maggiori, Matteo. "Financial Intermediation, International Risk Sharing, and Reserve Currencies." American Economic Review 107, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 3038–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130479.

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I model the equilibrium risk sharing between countries with varying financial development. The most financially developed country takes greater risks because its financial intermediaries deal with funding problems better. In good times, the more financially developed country consumes more and runs a trade deficit financed by the higher financial income that it earns as compensation for taking greater risk. During global crises, it suffers heavier losses. Its currency emerges as the reserve currency because it appreciates during crises, thus providing a good hedge. I provide evidence that financial net worth plays a crucial role in understanding this asymmetric risk sharing. (JEL E44, F14, F32, G01, G15, G21)

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Mellert, Lars Derek, Charles Scherbaum, Justina Oliveira, and Bernd Wilke. "Examining the relationship between organizational change and financial loss." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-11-2013-0236.

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Purpose – Research on the effectiveness of organizational change initiatives tends to focus primarily on the positive benefits of organizational change including improved financial performance. Rarely are negative outcomes examined, such as financial losses resulting from change initiatives. However, negative outcomes are possible, common, and understudied. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational change and financial loss. Design/methodology/approach – The research used a database of insurance losses from a global reinsurance company over a 30-year period. Each loss event was examined to determine the cause of the loss, the amount of loss, and type of organizational change if any that preceded the loss. Findings – The results indicate that losses attributed to the organization and its employees are preceded by an organizational change initiative more often than not. In particular, the occurrence of losses attributable to the organization and its employees were preceded more often by organizational changes involving mergers, acquisitions and changes to ownership, changes involving downsizing, changes involving restructuring, but not changes to reporting relationships. Originality/value – This research represents one of the few studies to examine financial loss from a wide variety of different types of organizational change and the only that has examined these questions using data from insurance losses. Findings support the growing theoretical movement focussing on the risks of organizational change.

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Kjørven, Marte Eidsand. "Who Pays When Things Go Wrong? Online Financial Fraud and Consumer Protection in Scandinavia and Europe." European Business Law Review 31, Issue 1 (February 1, 2020): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020004.

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Online financial fraud targeted at consumers through phishing attacks and identity theft, for example, is a growing problem. Because it can be difficult to recover losses from the person who committed the fraud, the loss will often remain with either the financial institution or the consumer. This paper’s research question relates to how losses following online financial fraud are and should be allocated between these two parties according to relevant Scandinavian and European law. For payment-transaction fraud, questions of loss allocation are regulated by national rules implementing the liability regime for unauthorised payment transactions under the payment services directive. For other financial services, these questions are resolved according to general rules on contract and tort. The analysis shows that consumers are often left to deal with the losses caused by online financial fraud. It is argued that the digitalisation of the financial services industry has in practice led to a shift in who bears the risk for attacks against financial institutions. This conflicts with the EU’s stated policy goals to provide strong consumer protection in the field of cybercrime. The paper concludes that a larger portion of the losses incurred from online financial fraud should be allocated to financial institutions. financial services, digitalisation, fraud, consumer protection, payment services, liability, unauthorised payment transactions, electronic signatures, cyber security

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Gallegati, Mauro, Antonio Palestrini, and J. Barkley Rosser. "THE PERIOD OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN SPECULATIVE MARKETS: INTERACTING HETEROGENEOUS AGENTS AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2010): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509090531.

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We investigate how stochastic asset price dynamics with herding and financial constraints explains the presence of aperiod of financial distress(PFD) following the peak and preceding the crash of a bubble [Charles P. Kindleberger,Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crisis, 4th ed. (New York: Wiley, 2000, Appendix B)] as common among most major historical speculative bubbles. Simulations show that the PFD is due to (1) agents' wealth distribution dynamics and (2) positive and sufficiently high transaction costs generating losses for a significant mass of the agents' distribution after the peak of the bubble. The use of transaction costs to get the result is only a modeling tool. Many other mechanisms—able to generate losses for a large mass of the agents' distribution in periods in which financial constraints bind—can produce the same result. The paper also shows how the PFD is affected by a variation of the sensitivity of price to the excess demand and by the switching strategy.

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Howland, Marie, and George E. Peterson. "Labor Market Conditions and the Reemployment of Displaced Workers." ILR Review 42, no. 1 (October 1988): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804200109.

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The authors of this study use data from the January 1984 Current Population Survey to examine the impact of local labor market conditions on the financial losses of displaced manufacturing workers. They find that strong overall growth in the local economy reduced the economic losses of white-collar workers whose industry of displacement was declining, but not of blue-collar workers in the same situation. Most older, poorly educated blue-collar workers with long tenure at their pre-layoff job suffered large financial losses even when displaced in a growing local economy. All workers, including those who were young and well-educated, suffered large financial losses when located in a depressed local economy.

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Nau, Michael, and Matthew Soener. "Income precarity and the financial crisis." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 523–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx020.

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Abstract American families have become less economically secure in recent decades, and this process accelerated during the 2008 financial crisis and its immediate aftermath. This study investigates how the crisis apportioned income precarity among families compared to pre-crisis years. We use the Survey of Consumer Finances and find that working families suffered the preponderance of income losses from the crisis, although the crisis shifted income losses towards more privileged working families. In fact, middle-income working families now have the same level of income precarity as the working poor, and families in the top income quintile continue to have elevated precarity levels. This result indicates that the middle class continues to bear a growing share of economic risk and that all working families are experiencing heightened insecurity in the post-crisis era.

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Flannery, Mark J. "Stabilizing Large Financial Institutions with Contingent Capital Certificates." Quarterly Journal of Finance 06, no. 02 (May 5, 2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139216500063.

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The 2008–2009 financial crisis clearly indicated that government regulators are reluctant to let a large financial institution fail. In order to minimize the transfer of future losses to taxpayers or to solvent banks, we need a system for assuring that large institutions continuously maintain sufficient capital. For a variety of reasons, supervisors find it difficult to require institutions to sell new shares after they have suffered losses. This paper describes and evaluates a proposed security that converts from debt to equity automatically when the issuer’s equity ratio falls too low. “Contingent capital certificates” (CCCs) can greatly reduce the probability that a large financial firm will suffer losses in excess of its common equity, and will provide market discipline by forcing shareholders to internalize more of their assets’ poor outcomes. The proposed reliance on equity’s market value to trigger conversion creates some problems, which must be compared to the shortcomings of our current application of capital adequacy standards.

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FIROV, Nikolai V., and Sergei A. SOROKIN. "Methodological provisions for assessing scientific and technical risk and financial losses during development works to create complex technical systems." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 1933–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.10.1933.

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Subject. The article addresses scientific and technical risk and financial losses of the customer in the process of research and development works on the creation of complex technical systems. Objectives. The study aims at constructing and analyzing the dependence of scientific and technical risk and financial losses of the customer on the planned volume of development works and the financial resources invested in them. Methods. We apply methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, system and regression analysis, risk assessment and management. The paper rests on data on completed development projects for complex technical systems creation. Results. We formulated methodological provisions for assessing scientific and technical risk, arising in the process of development works on complex technical systems. The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the expected financial losses from works implementation. The problem of minimizing financial losses associated with scientific and technical risk is formulated and formalized. The feasibility of proposed provisions and recommendations is confirmed by a practical example. Conclusions. To assess risks, it is important to consider the impact of the degree of difference between the main characteristics of developed product and its prototype on the required amount of works at development stage. This enables to build regression dependencies of the volume of works at the development stage on a specified factor, which are later used to assess the scientific and technical risk and associated financial losses.

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Volarević, Hrvoje, and Mario Varović. "Internal model for IFRS 9 - Expected credit losses calculation." Ekonomski pregled 69, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.69.3.4.

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This article explores and analyzes the implementation problem of International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) which is in use from 1 January 2018. IFRS 9 is most relevant for financial institutions, but also for all business subjects with a significant share of financial assets in their Balance sheet. The main objective of this article is the implementation of new impairment model for financial instruments, which is measurable through Expected Credit Losses (ECL). The use of this model is in correlation with a credit risk of the company for which it is necessary to determine basic variables of the model: Exposure at Default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD) and Probability of Default (PD). Basel legislation could be used for LGD calculation while PD calculation is based on specific methodology with two different solutions. In the first option, PD is taken as an external data from reliable rating agencies. When there is no external rating, an internal model for PD calculation has to be created. In order to develop an internal model, authors of this article propose application of multi-criteria decision-making model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Input data in the model are based on information from financial statements while MS Excel is used for calculation of such multi-criteria problem. Results of internal model are mathematically related with PD values for each analyzed company. Simple implementation of this internal model is an advantage compared to other much more complicated models.

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L., Dr Awatef Globe Mohsen. "The Challenges of Applying the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS9) and its Impact on Bank Credit Strategies." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 5153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19347.

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The application of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS9) represents a major challenge for the banking sector in the areas of granting credit and financing, as the study dealt with a presentation of the standard (IFRS9) and the requirements for classification and measurement of obligations, in addition to focusing on the differences between it and the international standard (IAS39), and the study also focused on challenges facing the application of the standard on the banking sector and its impact on credit strategies through the study of expected credit losses Expected Credit Losses (ECL), as recognizing these losses is one of the problems that lead to financial crises that are reflected in the economy in general (Mahgoub et al., 2017), as the delay in recognizing expected losses from credit and waiting until they actually occur leads to an exacerbation of the crises that the banking sector may be exposed to, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The banking sector needs to review strategies related to transparency and disclosure of weak credit In a manner that requires the application of accounting methods to prove credit losses in the financial statements by updating the methods of accounting measurement and presentation according to the classification of financial assets. Which were identified by the international standard (IFRS9) in addition to some recommendations made by the study.

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Armour, John, Colin Mayer, and Andrea Polo. "Regulatory Sanctions and Reputational Damage in Financial Markets." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 1429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109017000461.

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We study the impact of the enforcement of financial regulation by the United Kingdom’s regulatory authorities on the market price of penalized firms. Existing studies rely on analyses of multiple events that may distort the measurement of reputational losses. In the United Kingdom, the entire enforcement process involves only one public announcement and is accompanied by complete information on legal penalties. We find that reputational losses are nearly nine times the size of fines and are associated with misconduct harming customers or investors but not third parties.

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Wahyono, Herry Ludiro, Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, and Rizal Z. Tamin. "State Financial Losses in Public Procurement Construction Projects in Indonesia." Buildings 9, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050129.

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To sustainably eradicate corruption, extraordinary efforts are needed particularly in the context of construction projects. In this study, the state losses in government-funded construction projects in Indonesia is analyzed. Research data were collected through field observations for types of work that were not completed per technical specifications. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that structural work was responsible for 98.70% of total state losses. The top three state losses were found to be associated with concrete, roads, and front stonework, and the values are 40.40%, 28.43%, and 18.23% respectively. Loss in architectural work was the smallest (1.30%). The outcomes of this survey offer a knowledge basis for law enforcement authorities and construction project supervisors to pay more attention to projects involving concrete structures, rigid pavement structures during road construction, and stonework.

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Jawadi, Fredj. "Financial crises, bank losses, risk management and audit: what happened?" Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 10 (July 9, 2010): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850802676215.

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