Дисертації з теми "Financement du Développement Durable"
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Chikhaoui-Mahdoui, Leïla. "Le financement de la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010281.
By analysing the financing of environmental protection, we intend to demonstrate the signifiance of the multiple actors and various procedures implemented to draw off the resources required for safeguarding of the media and the species, for ecological management of natural resources, and for fighting against all kinds of contaminations and nuisances. This analysis namely insists on the similarity of the answers brought by positive law, in every country, from the institutional and procedural viewpoints, to the problem resulting from perpetual search for financial resources to be put at the service of a policy, because of its public interest features is the subject of universal consent since the rio summit in 1992. This global search for funding resources is finally examined from the viewpoint of two simultaneous environment financing policies concretely implemented in two countries with significantly different development levels, france and tunisia, the first country runs this policy within the framework of industrialized country strive for environmental control and a tight european perspective, whereas the second country is at the spur of environmental protection in the mediterranean, african and arabic regions
Tchekote, Hervé. "Financement rural et développement durable : logiques d'acteurs et dynamiques territoriales dans l'Ouest du Cameroun." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010597.
Nizari, Zainaliambidina. "Le financement du développement durable par les systèmes financiers informels et la microfinance dont le microcrédit." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10076.
Today, microcredit and microfinance are authentic mechanisms for a sustainable development. Indeed, more than 150 million people in the world are customers of Microfinance Institutions (IMF in French). The development of this financial system had allowed many poor people to go away to this poverty because they managed to create theirs proper society which give them prosperity, dignity and salary and moneys. This young and recent financial system is an efficient mechanism against poverty and social exclusion. After the economics and financial crisis that the world has known, provoked by classical bank and classical financial system, the microcredit system is a perfect answer to the sustainable development. Therefore, all actors of development and political personalities have to encourage and support this new younger financial system because it is an excellent mechanism and the best tool to finance sustainable development. This will be demonstrated in my thesis
Kinda, Harouna. "L'économie politique de la gouvernance des industries extractives et du financement du développement durable : La Transparence est-elle Avantageuse ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0156.
The 2030 Agenda from the International Conference on Financing for Sustainable Development in Addis Ababa highlighted the priority of all national and international resource flows, policies, and agreements with economic, social, and environmental stresses. Resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs) are encouraged to focus on transparency and governance in the extractive industries in order to improve domestic resource mobilization (DRM). This thesis investigates the environmental and economic impacts of the political economy of extractive industry governance in resource-rich developing countries.Chapter 1 revisits the links between man-made and natural capital in developing countries, focusing on the case of forest cover loss. Considering a theoretical model of income maximization, we assess through empirical observation the impact of extractive industries on forest cover loss. Based on a panel of 52 resource-rich developing countries from 2001-2017, we adopt a dynamic specification with the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) system to address the inherent bias. Our main results show that the total rent from the extractive industries harms the forest. In contrast, oil rents contribute to reducing forest cover loss. In addition, we find that natural resource tax revenues contribute to reducing forest cover loss.Chapter 2 assesses the "treatment effect" of implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) standard on deforestation in resource-rich developing countries. Using a sample of 83 resource-rich developing countries from 2001–to 2017, we use entropy balancing methods to address the self-selection bias associated with EITI membership. Compared with the non-EITI country, the results show that implementing the EITI standard significantly reduces the loss of forest cover by approximately 300–760 ha. This result supports the conclusion that EITI, but not a panacea, is an effective policy program for limiting the negative impacts on forests partly caused by extractive industries.Chapter 3 assesses the "treatment effect" of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) membership on tax revenues through two main channels. The first (direct effect) works through an equitable and transparent resource tax regime. The second is the indirect effect EITI has on non-resource revenue once transparency enhances accountability and resource allocation to productive expenditures. Using a sample of 83 resource-rich developing countries from 2001 to 2017, we use propensity score matching (PSM) and a control function approach to address the self-selection bias associated with EITI membership (the dates of countries' commitment, candidacy, and compliance). Results show that EITI commitment or candidates significantly and positively affect tax revenue collection compared to non-EITI. EITI compliance generates a considerable surplus of tax revenues compared to noncompliance. The results are robust, with a substantial increase in non-resource tax revenues, income tax, and resource tax revenue.Chapter 4 hypothesizes that the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, an international norm that aims to promote transparency in natural resources management, may mitigate this negative impact. We empirically support this hypothesis using the Fixed-Effects and Entropy Balancing methods in a panel of 71 resource-rich countries, including 30 EITI and 41 non-EITI countries, between 1995 and 2019. Our results are robust to using different sets of controls and alternative measures of financial development. In addition, we discuss the transmission channels through which the financial resource curse may occur
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
In last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Lepoittevin, Christine. "Financement privé des grandes ONG internationales : quels sont les ressorts du lien entre donateurs privés et grandes ONG internationales au travers de l'argent ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090009.
The large environmental and Humanitarian INGOs, since they were born, have developed a significant role in global governance, international aid and sustainable development. They have become a symbol of a path for another globalization. A large number of individual donors have supported them regularly, putting the subject at the heart of the globalization process, emerging out of a mass society. Donor’s loyalty to INGOs goes beyond a solidarity based on empathy and compassion. He recognizes his own individual responsibility when addressing required changes and actions. However money takes a strategic, but ambivalent, place that makes the private donor, whether it is a company or an individual, an economic data. The market world is step by step invading the philanthropic one bringing confusion. It involves a risk of a depersonalization process of together, donors and large INGOs. When focusing on the economic value of the donors, INGOs could forget the link with them
Ramanantseheno, Domoina. "La microfinance au service d’une agriculture durable, illusion ou réalité ? : le cas de Madagascar (région de l’Itasy)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111015.
In the Less Advanced Countries, the agricultural sector is constituted not only by more than half of the rural population but also by over 60% of the active population. The majority of the poor rural people obtain their main resource incomes from the agricultural activities. The agricultural development could thus be considered as an attenuation factor of the poverty. However, the problem of the financial support toward the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries still remains an unsolved issue.If microfinance is considered to be a tool for reducing poverty in any activity sector where it is used, then the optimal effect of its implementation should be observed in the area where the majority of poor population is located. So, the agricultural sector of the Less Advanced Countries becomes a privileged field of this experimentation. The challenge that the microfinance has to face is not only to provide financial support to the farmers for allowing them to increase their productivity, but also to promote an agriculture contributing to the environment.As a result, the specific role of the microfinance in the field of agriculture, in particularly for the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries is questioned.Will the microfinance be able to present itself as an alternative for the issue of the financial support toward the family farms or will it be just an illusion?
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
In last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
N'Guessan, N'Cho. "Le financement interafricain du développement." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL030.
The interafrican financing of development is carried out by either continental or regional organizations. These organizations, which are banks or development funds, have a classical structure with a deliberative assembly, an administrative body and an executive board. These interafrican organizations function with ressources spent according to various regulations of their constitutive charter. The operations thus carried out for the benefit of member states are subject to a yearly evaluation - which allows to measure their efficiency as well as their limitations
Thelen, Jasmine. "Développement et financement des associations." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10065.
Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Martin, David. "Electricité et développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10033.
Seltz, Véronique. "Financement du développement : incitation, technologies, information." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090072.
The topic of the thesis is a micro-economic analysis of economic development financing conditions. It is divided in two parts: first, in a closed economy framework, where the level of development is given; then, in opened economy framework, where economies of different levels of development are distinguished upon their technological maturity and their institutional level of development. In the first chapter, a precise definition of economic development phenomenon is proposed: it corresponds to the emergence of a new economic activity in national environment, which is the result of an innovative investment. This approach takes explicitly into account the context in which the agents can act in favor of development. In the second chapter, one can find a survey on the financial system part in the allocation of resources to investment. Three financial functions are enlightened: liquidity; contracts determination; information production. Then, strategical interactions associated with innovative investment financing are studied, when moral hazard on the entrepreneur's effort, is integrated in the third chapter, the results of the new theory of international trade is applied to the international intertemporal exchanges: therefore, contrary to the neoclassical convergence analysis, the model considers capital heterogeneity by distinguishing technological level and know-how required by innovative investments. These technological characteristics of the investments show a limit of international capital movements towards less developed countries. In the fourth chapter, it is the institutions capacity of information production that are studied: ex ante information is needed to permit anticipation formation on investment results. The performance of this economic foreknowledge activity, given the development stage, limits again international capital movements towards less developed economies
Ducol, François. "Droit et développement urbain durable." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD002/document.
The urban sustainable development is nowadays a main notion in the discourses about the city and in the concerning public policies. If it isn’t a simple variation of the sustainable development applied to the urban matter, it resumes many of its main principles, which are for some of them keeping with the long story of town planning. In any case, those principles are irrigating the urban law today. But from the legal rule to the concrete action is the way sometimes long, in order to limitefficaciously the urban sprawl or to reduce the urban pollutions for example. For a few year the frenchurban law is however being deeply transformed in order to contribute to resolve these problems and others, and to encourage the urban sustainable development. Thanks to which tools ? And despite of which obstacles ? These obstacles are not insignificant, and the even sound the real capacity of the French law, as it stands, to promote the urban sustainable development on the scale of the pertinent urban spaces, and not to block it
Meyer, Gilbert. "Finances locales et développement durable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA033.
The Grenelle on the environment modifies the actions and projects of the local authorities. They have to meet objectives, without having the necessary budgetary means. This thesis sets out the objectives imposed on the local authorities by the law. The previous long-term actions of sustainable development are recalled. Part one deals with sustainable development, the international recommendations and its local implementation, where the local authorities play a leading role. Examples of actions in favor of communities, prior to the Grenelle on the environment, are analyzed. Part two deals with how local finances have been affected by these sustainable development policies. The local authorities have a limited scope of action; between compulsory revenues and expenditures and the reduced State participation in co financing of the actions imposed on the communities. Tools at the disposai of local authorities can help. There are many partners. Finally, the State should not only create laws, it also needs to provide the financial support for the priority actions which are imposed
Yamagami, Hiroaki. "Développement durable et politiques fiscales." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010054.
Mbala, Mbala Marcelle. "Contrats d'Etat et développement durable." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20005/document.
Common discussion points between sustainable development and State contracts exist, despite many visible contradictions. They are based on a particular interaction, built up from the beginning through State contracts, which are highly specific agreements and around political and economic necessities of the time, with the notion of development merely as a requirement in the background. Confronted with successive social changes and the lack of an appropriate judicial framework, State contracts developed in a particular way between dependence, independence, interdependence, heteronomy and autonomy. In international business law, the existence of a sustainable development law related to State contracts must be based precisely on contracts, seen as instruments able to set norms, and must benefit from contracts’interactions with a non-contractual environment. That requires another vision of law, constantly renewed and more adapted to current realities
Dirat, Jean-Raymond. "Financement et développement : l'exemple du Congo : 1960-1980." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100122.
Cahu, Paul. "Financement endogène de l'éducation : convergence vers le développement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010024.
Dergham, Douraid. "Financement du développement économique : cas de la Syrie." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100026.
Levrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Cette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Sok, Bovy. "Commerce équitable, développement durable : approche juridique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853402.
Roumeau, Renalto. "Les fondements historiques du développement durable." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0196.
The goal of that study is to demonstrate that the substructures of the concept of sustainable development have been part of history and that two centuries of economic development have given birth to that notion, which has just emerged following the people's awareness of the existence of questionable means of development. The present social and economic concerns which set up the notion of sustainable development originate from the questioning of those who fathered the economic doctrine. We have then steered our analysis around to the genealogical recording of the sustainable development, and around to the consequences that sorne economic theories generate in terms of moral questioning. The chosen theories number five : Growth and development, in other words the emergence of the concept ofsustainable development, by taking the human aspect into account (chapter one) The place of social relations, or social transformation in the chain of history (chapter two). The strength of demographic constraints, that is to say the understanding of the importance of the population, which is in the heart of the worries concerning sustainable development (chapter three). The place granted to natural resources, that is to say the analysis of the relation to nature among the economists (chapter four). The environmental question, which amounts to asking the question: how to hold an arguable position in the relation between environment and economy ? (chapter five). And finally, the last chapter (chapter six) will be dedicated to environmental, social and economic issues, applying a concept, sustainable tourism, as an element of measure
Matringe, Bovy. "Commerce équitable, développement durable : approche juridique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10015/document.
Social society claims for the sustainable development against the nefas effect of the world economic growth. In 1987, the sustainable development is, officially, announced in the Brundtland report. Engaged by the Agenda 21, France gets to promote the sustainable development by creating laws and government acts. Indeed, the environmental Charter year 2004 is integrated into the preamble of the French Constitution year 1958. The sustainable development is considered as a goal within constitutional value. With article 60 of the law released on 2nd of august 2005, fair trade is registered as the national strategy for the sustainable development. Without any legal definition on fair trade, the economic actors introduce their own equity to run the fair trade conditions. They are for example practice of fair trade with the disadvantage farmers or producers in South, payment of fair price, social welfare respect and environmental respect. Some main economic actors run the quality acknowledgement as the proof of compliance with the fair trade conditions. Actually the quality acknowledgement doesn't get approved by France or any governments in the world. Lack of the juridical instruments to verify the reality of fair trade quality becomes a danger for the juridical order. The government intervention is required to set up the order for fair trade practices. But, an independent government represents, legally and only, their own citizens. Or, the legislation on fair trade needs the management of the trade operated between the economic actors in North and the small producers in South. That's a reason of seeking a new model of governance to regulate fair trade. Mr. Pascal LAMY calls for the alternational governance which needs the participation of the social society among the governments
Dessus, Benjamin. "Systèmes énergétiques pour un développement durable." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21007.
The work is an attempt to answer the following question : is it possible to design a world energy system able to fulfill the needs of a developed humanity of 11 billion inhabitants in 2100, without taking the risk to destroy our planet or to place our reliance on science or technology ruptures that we are unable to predict? this question can be split in three questions : are they technical possibilities and sufficient energy resources? if the techical feasability is demonstrated what about the economic aspect? if the technical and economic credibility are demonstrated, what are the barriers to the implementation of strategies and how to overpassthem? the technical feasability is demonstrated through the description of the scenario noe (new options for energy) which shows that it is possible to satisfy the energy needs of 11 billion people in 2100 without big global environment problems. This scenario relies on energy efficiency and diversification ef energy resources. The economical credibility is deminstrated through the analysis of comaprative expenses of this scenario and of one of the scenarios of the world energy council. This calulation shows that the noe scenario is less expensive for discount rates up to ten per cent. The noe scenario appears indeed as a win-win scenario. Social and policy barriers are analysed and some policy proposal are made to overpass the barriers
Ricci, Francesco. "Essais théoriques sur le développement durable." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10075.
Ngalieu, Kamgoue Désiré. "Du développement durable à l'agriculture durable : l'exemple de l'élevage porcin breton." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20010.
The ecological threats caused by human activities on global environment and the aggravation of inequalities between the poor and the rich have contributed to the emergence of the concept of sustainable development. This concept is based on the idea that the present model of industrial development cannot continue indefinitely without jeopardising the ecosystems on which present and future generations depend for their livelihood. It associates social justice, economic efficacy and ecological prudence. In France, as in other European Union countries, the development of a production-oriented industrial agriculture, supported by the common agricultural Policy, has on the one hand, permitted the achievement of food autonomy and improvement in the populations living conditions, but on the other hand, it has been facing, since 1980s, problems of environmental pollution, of farm economic viability, of food quality and safety, of continuous fall in the number of farmers. These problems have proved the limits of the common agricultural Policy and have caused worries among consumers as regards the preservation of their health, and among farmers concerning the perennity of their business. In Brittany, the development of intensive pig and poultry farming in particulary results in the concentration of animal droppings which pollute water resources, the soil, the underground, the air, the clean-up costs of which are borne by the society in place of the livestock farmers. The negative externalities, coupled with food, social and economic crises in Brittany's rural environment, have raised a number of controversies between the supporters and opponents of this model of livestock farming. This ideological confrontation, coupled with international competition and importance of network pig in the regional economy, has led politicians, scientists, economists, ecologists, farmers and other economic actors of the region to search for the ways that lead to sustainability. Alternative models such as integrated Farming, organic agriculture, precision farming, peasant agriculture are implemented. Technical and economic measures with environmental regulations and norms, were put in place to motivate farmers to reduce the quantity of negative externalities, and especially to internalise the cost of that negative externalities. Beyond these measures, we are suggesting a quota system on the production volume as a way of bringing sustainability to Brittany's pig farming
Meddeb, Lotfi. "Epargne nationale et financement du développement : analyse retrospective et prospective du financement de l'économie tunisienne." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0055.
During the three decades that followed the independance of Tunisia, the macro-economic balances of financing have been made possible thanks to contributions of financing from the outside and thanks to inflationary monetary policies. This financial organization, that one could qualify economy of indebtedness, and the presents common features with those of the other developing countries, drove to the institution of an economy characterized by a financial repression situation, by enterprises recipients of state aid, by a passive banking system, by a marginalization and a carelessness of the interior saving and finally by a rate of very elevated outside indebteddness. The deep mutations that the international markets of funds knew, marked the end of one period of flux of funds abound and inexpensive of the countries industrialized in general toward the PVD and Tunisia in particular. Tunisia, as the rest of the PVD, has been forced to reconsider its policy of development while adopting strategies based on its internal resources
Michalena, Evanthie. "Energie renouvelable et développement touristique durable dans les îles helléniques? : échelles géographiques et enjeux du développement durable." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040130.
This research discusses the notion of sustainable development, and the way in which this concept is translated in the fields of renewable energies and “sustainable tourism” from the international to the local level. From this starting question, we wished to analyze the challenges of renewable energies regarding sustainability within tourist activity and understand the mechanisms which participate in the introduction of a new energy status compatible with “sustainable development”. The sustainable development not being an accepted concept in a uniform way by all the researchers, our study highlights the diversity of challenges met to various geographical scales. Our work is based on multiple information sources, while trying to distinguish theoretical and empirical analyses and to approach European reality through national and local realities. As field of application in our research, we have chosen the islands of Greece and we sought to see how political decision makers of this country have tried to develop renewable energies allocating them the status of “fundamental energy forms” in compliance with European guidelines. We sought to widen and validate our conclusions through the evaluation of “better and worst practices” among various islands of the world. We revealed that there are several dimensions of the problem: - interactions between actors of different scales, with often different challenges to meet - interactions between sectorial logics - interactions between specific logics applied to certain geographical environments. After our recommendations which insist on the importance of institutional and organisational factors in the process of sustainable development, we conclude that, even if the multiplicity of the scales implies a great complexity in the implementation of sustainable development practices, there is always a hope to transmit the message from Brussels to the local level, under the condition that certain parameters are taken into account
Barry, Abdoulaye M. "L' Intelligence du Développement, une analyse du "sous-développement durable"." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10001.
If globalization is not a novelty, the third millennium one has a worldwide challenge for peace keeping and stability around, after two World Wars embodied in the XXth century. The interdependence between nations has never so much been revealed, for the political and economical disturbance of breeding insecurity underlies dire poverty. The research project deals with a current topic concerning the majority of mankind, namely poverty control targeted at the Third-World underdevelopment. The research objective aims at designing conceptual tools crafted for helping with the complex management of development aid. To this endeavour, cooperative programs are scrutinized through Economic Intelligence (EI) with the cross section of management and communication sciences. Via interdisciplinary process, molecular biology allows investigation to proceed towards Development Intelligence (DI), applicable to the North South systemic relationship among recursive forces. The double helix operating pattern by pair shows the information flow through S-C-P analysis around developed and developing countries, regarding distribution of productive resources. Information management is no longer at stake; DI holds management by information on its ground to tackle sustainable underdevelopment. Based on corporate EI, it fits into International and Local Development schemes as International and Local Development Intelligence (ILDI)
Neiss, Véronique. "Établissements humains et développement durable : politique d'aménagement de la ville durable anglaise." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083668.
The interactions between urban settlements, environment, economy and social issues are deeply linked to the impact of urban sprawl and the growth of today's cities. The challenge is to propose a sustainable urban form and to improve the European Commission model, the compact city. If there are sustainable urban forms, what do they look like? Is the compact city a sustainable urban form? Two ways of answering these questions are proposed: the first one is linked to the different conceptual and theoretical approaches of sustainable development, the second one is the study of sustainable urban policy in the UK. We reinforce the idea that urban form is not the main aspect of sustainability but is much more dependant on the good balance between the different systems that are linked to the urban phenomenon
Glémain, Pascal. "Financement, croissance endogène, régionalisation et développememnt." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4022.
Since currency in 1999, free provision in banking and financial services since 1992 have been offering new dynamics to the building of Europe. Euroland's steady state is expected to yield efficiency to the financing of economic growth and local development. However, this domestic view on financial system seems more and more questionable. Indeed, the theory of international trade uses new geographical economic models whose central concept is "region" and for us : euroregion. Therefore, we want to set up a local model of develoment, and new groth evidence. Firstly, we are locally assessing the European banking industry ant its financial systems. Secondly, we've considered loacla disparities in development through local banking and financial industry, through regional GDP and, through labour euromarkets. Thirdly, we assume the Euroland's growth and euroregional development will depend on space and saving policies under the condition of public expenditures so as to reduce banking costs. The examination of regional savings leads us to the conclusion that local economies may be learning regions
Kouame, N'Dri Kpatchi Théodore. "Le financement extérieur et développement de la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090097.
Foucauld, Bertrand de. "Développement durable et gouvernances du logement social." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040172.
In the sustainable development framework, what are the answers in the Ile-de-France Region to deprived housing? What are the flaws in the spatial distribution of housing and in the residential history of the households, with all the socio-economic, sociological, symbolic and environmental aspects?The city policies in the Ile-de-France region, applied in a Republican and very hierarchical framework, have given, since 1980, only mediocre results to council housing or de facto social habitat. In the département of Seine-Saint-Denis, urban and social works against private habitats insalubrity have provided interesting results. But they remain, because of their complexity, limited in numbers. However, is it not the first function of a city to accommodate its residents and newcomers? Aren’t the objectives of the State and local authorities to provide a healthy and pleasant urban environment, and to build a good "image" of each city in a context that is competitive at different scales?The study of the London housing, and its comparison with the one of the Ile-de-France Region, shows housing conceptions and applied solutions in Britain that could provide interesting elements to solve the problem of deprived habitat. The legal structure of the British real estate, and governance that is more communitarian and closer to the inhabitants, helped to bring more efficiency to public actions related to social housing. Local management, very present and very embodied in London, develops conflicts prevention and enhances the local authorities’ responsiveness vis-à-vis the residents of private and public housing. This proximity is associated with a very democratic and delegative management. But the British capital must manage the gentrification of some of its areas and the increase of socio-economic disparities.Meanwhile, environmental issues related to housing require the local authorities, and their inhabitants, to adapt their modes of governance and life. The creation of social ties and partnerships at different levels, in less centralized frameworks, are likely to bring more efficiency in the urban and social organization of the Ile-de-France and London regions
Chene-Sanogo, Alima. "Enjeux fonciers et développement "durable" au Mali." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839314.
Martin, Marie-Catherine. ""Tourisme de congrès et développement urbain durable"." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0015.
To restore charm and urbanity in cities, we have to build public equipements in which local population will have the opportunity to meet, to make inquiries, to develop, to communicate, to exchange. . . The encounter center is one of those polyvalent equipements designed to meet the requirements and needs of local population. Builded in a middle-sized city, this structure must welcome a large and heterogeneous public. It must participate to the every day life of the city, offering meeting rooms, showrooms, lecture rooms, cultural, artistic and commercial events. Faisibility studies must precede the building of the encounter center. The encounter center is a learning organisation, based on service culture, sharing management, negociation and employees valorization. Its management relies on quality of servuction process, continuous performances control and permanent listening of its clients. The building of the encounter center must be supported by the creation of the encounter city bureau and the creation of the touristic unity. These organisations have to federate the local touristic supply and to optimisate the quality of this supply, working on : information, cooperation, training, qualification, animation and promotion of the touristic territory. The touristic unity have to manage the urban tourism system and to assure the sustainable regeneration of urban area by developping encounter tourism on its touristic territory. Encounter tourism must be considered as a chance of sustainable urban development for middle-sized cities
Filoche, Geoffroy. "Ethnodéveloppement, développement durable et droit en Amazonie." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4002.
Ethnodevelopment, a goal which seeks indigenous peoples’ adapted and controlled development, is ambivalent in itself. At the same time, indigenous peoples want to preserve and perpetuate their own ways of living, and to adapt themselves to the modern world. Furthermore, ethnodevelopment law originates mainly from peoples law and sustainable development law, law branches that can be seriously conflicting ; the result is that the indigenous peoples’ rights to define and implement their own development in the framework of sustainable development are not easy to approach. The purpose of this work is to think about the real content of the rights recognized to indigenous peoples, regarding their lands and natural resources, their autonomy and participation in decision-making, the use of their environmental practices and knowledge, but also the implementation of their own legal conceptions
Khennour, Salah. "Langues et développement humain durable en Algérie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10021.
Liu, Zhan. "Dynamiques d'innovation et développement durable en Chine." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0101/document.
The rise of the Chinese economy encounters its limits: the durability and the dynamic in her development. Although these are potential problems for all countries, but China, can she break the bottleneck of the development? In this work, we focus on the dynamics of innovation and sustainable development in China. To develop the topic carefully, we will with the following steps: In the first part we will study the concepts just like innovation, system innovation, and sustainable development. Inthe second part, we will take a little time on the economic development of China, to better understand the impact of institutional change on the current and the future, we will then study the limit for sustainable development in China, more specifically, on environmental issues, we analyze the policies, treatment of environmental problems and results thereafter, we will do two case studies on SMEs, the aim is to test both the dynamics of innovation in SMEs - the basis of the Chinese economy and also to answer the question: the mode of development of SMEs, it is to support sustainable development in the long run the country? In the third part, we will study industrial property and innovation in China. In this thesis, we will develop a diagnostic-analysis of sustainability in the economic and social development of China
Breteau, Lucien. "Développement durable et mutations de l'Administration territoriale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2033.
Despite its numerous uses in many juridical orders : sustainable development has differents meanings. On one hand, it means that the environment needs to be protected in order to guarantee rights of future generations. On the other hand, sustainable development is equally defined as the conciliation between environmental policies, economical development and social progress. Territorial restructuring drafts are confronted at this polysemous concept.In spite of this difficulty, sustainable development is consolidated by french public law in his finality as far as its means. About that, standstill principle and environmental responsability enhance this theory.Other principles contibute to sustainable development realization. Environmental democracy takes an independence compared to the classical reprensentative democracy’s concept. In reciprocity, territorial restructuring keeps an influence on public policies about this constitutionnalized notion since the 2005’s Environnemental Carta
Prieur, Julien. "Le développement durable et les politiques publiques." Limoges, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIMO1009.
@Sustainable development is much attention as the term is polysemic. Since Rio 1992, the law it is nevertheless seized through the principle of integration which led to the emergence of new instruments across states or territories. In France, the Constitutional Charter of 2005 enshires the principle that thus enters the sphere of justice. Sustainable development through the state copy is promulgated as a priority by successive government since 2003 and requires that actually materialize. Furthermore territories replacing more and more states become newframe works of expression of sustainable development including through the planning law. The concept has also invaved the language policy and legal point of questioning its validity in these matters. Thus, after defining the contours of the principle of integration as a tool for implementing sustainable development we seek to recognize the importance of a new frame work of variation of the concept. This new governance then makes its credentials evaluation. However legal tools must to become a legal principle, and follow it advances the Aarhus Convention or the Grenelle of environment. The confidence of public and private actors also have a say. It is avalaible through a global movement to modernize and ethics of the state. At the same time several ways to make it possible to extend the effectivness of sustainable development both education, training or the emergence of a new international governance
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Two milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Two milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Mangal, Daniel. "La Guyane : pour un développement durable amazonien?" Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1008.
French Guyana is an entirely special department because of its geographical position, ethnical diversity and surface. As large as Portugal, it is the biggest French department and, belonging to the Amazonian ecosystem, constitutes the sol rain forest of the European region. But this situation has given birth to a recurring problem: the development of the area or territory. Since the colonization, only the coastal fringe has been occupied, whereas the interior part of the land constituting the biggest part of the surface has remained virgin. Today, the opinions on the most appropriate use of that part on the territory diverge. The puclic services, intermediary of the French government, advocate the preservation on this last vast forest massif remained intact, by a series of protection measures, while the Guyanese want to open up that territory and exploit the mineral resources of that part of the Guyanese territory, particularly be a legal and regulated gold extraction to get this department out of its underdevelopment. The result of our research lead us to suggest an exploitation of that part of the territory based on the principle of sustainable development. The inner part of the Guyanese territory can be considered as source of biodiversity and income, as well as a protected area
Rouhier, Stéphane. "Conséquences environnementales du développement énergétique chinois : solutions pour un développement durable." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090057.
China uses more than 60 percent of coal in its energy mix. This heavy reliance has strong environmental consequences notably with SO2 and CO2 emissions for which China is the world first emitter. This already has tremendous implications on a local, regional and global scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need for decisive actions bringing the energy sector back on sustainable tracks. Indeed, pollution is a great concern. Not only does it hamper agricultural productivity (regional pollution) or does it increase asthma or cancer (local one) but now, it can change the climate and so, the conditions in which and the way people live. This dissertation aims at describing the environmental impact of the rising energy use in China and most importantly endeavours at answering the question: what solutions could be implemented now to achieve an environmentally sustainable development? In this essay, we intend to show that the window of opportunity is not closed yet and that, thanks to a negative price elasticity of noxious emissions, price instruments could work in China. First of all, through a subsidy removal, the government would enable the energy prices to give correct signals to the consumers that would therefore reduce the quantity of fossil fuels consumed and to producers that would go for better technologies or less polluting fuels. Then, by making the producers pay for the externalities they create through for example carbon emissions fees, the government would also reduce pollution. Overall, implementing an energy price increase would increase energy intensity, help reduce the consumption of polluting fuels and so carbon and sulphur emissions, and improve public finance
Bonnet, Anne-Sophie. "Le tourisme peut-il être durable ? : Etat des lieux et perspectives sur des îles-ponts brésiliennes et françaises." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3032.
Haddad, Michel. "L'internationalisation des banques, stratégie et contribution au financement du développement." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010051.
Ndiaye, Mody. "Les politiques de financement de l' Agence française de développement." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0003.
Boughattas, Abdelouaheb. "Essai sur l'endettement comme forme contraignante du financement du développement." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0010.
Management policies dealing with the public debt and development financing are contested because they refer to a closed economy system. When they introduce external debt, it is considered as a palliative to the internal debt. Now the logic of the debt process in less developed countries does not respond at all to the logic we have just mentioned. It is rather a debt process in an open economy which has completely changed the initial debt aims, so that loan has dissociated more and more from the development effort. For more than ten years, debt management has not obeyed the logical of development financing of less developed countries any longer. But it has responded to a logic of repayments corresponding to the international financial banking system
Souare, Cheikhou. "De la dette pour le développement au financement de l'endettement." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0022.
Through our research we are concerning with the indebtedness of the less developed countries for the last years a special treatment is given to the external debt of these countries. The first part is dedicated to the institutional and historical background. This implies for us to go deeper in the knowledge of the world economic system reality and the whole debt by selecting a pattern of countries. The types of indebtedness obtained are enough to allow a significant interpretation. In the second part we turn our attention to the classical explanation as those of Takagi, Kharas, Quayum, Feder or Chenery. We pointed out how borrowers have run into impossibility in spite of reschudeling. Finally only self made repayment debt (dette auto-amortissable) can really guarantee actual repayment unless applying the mecanism of "odious debt" (dettes odieuses) and the major issue of our thesis is that debt policies and the measures to jugulate the crisis have led to a desapointing performance. At any rate the outlook appears rather worse
Dimi, Antoine. "Dette extérieure et financement du développement au Congo (1970-1990)." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100054.
This work analysis the evolution of the outside debt and of financing of development, in interesting particularly in the financing of ambitious plan of economic and social development (1982-1986) in link with the evolution some returns tankers. He shows than the oustide debt notably of private origin is incompatible with a sustained financing of development. The crisis of the debt who released in the middle some years 80 is must to the conjunction of external mailmen and of interne mailmen. This is a crisis of financing of development. Under the influence of monetary international funds and of the worldwide bank, this country put in work a political of structural adjustment. But the result expected was not obtained. They were in the together rather disappointing. She accentuated even the social unbalances. The priority was especially agreed in the repayment of the debt in the detriment of financing of development to long term. Finally, this work clears on some meaningful propositions, in the setting of an alternative politics, susceptible to leaving this country of this crisis without precedent this thesis is a synthesis some economic and financial problems of this country