Дисертації з теми "Filtration – sang"
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Belhadj, Mohamed. "Vers une modélisation mathématique de la filtration des globules blancs du sang." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011977.
Dans la première partie, nous définissons des modèles mathématiques qui réprésentent les principaux phénomènes physiques qui entrent en jeu dans le procédé de la filtration.
La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'analyse mathématique de systèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles modélisant le procédé de la filtration. Tout d'abord, nous considérons un système d'équations semi-linéaires de type hyperbolique-parabolique avec une diffusion anisotrope dégénérée. Nous étudions ce problème avec une théorie $L^{1}$; nous considérons en particulier l'existence et l'unicité de solutions faibles ainsi que d'autres propriétés comme le principe du maximum; puis nous établissons la limite quand la constante de réaction devient grande. Nous montrons que le système converge vers une équation non linéaire parabolique-hyperbolique qui généralise le problème de Stefan. Nous étudions également, par des techniques de l'homogénéisation, la filtration au travers de milieux poreux fibrés. Le réseau des fibres étudié est celui utilisé par M. Briane dans le cadre d'une étude sur la conduction thermique des tissus biologiques. Nous dérivons et justifions l'équation de Darcy ainsi que la forme du tenseur de perméabilité pour un tel milieu fibreux. Les résultats théoriques concernant la perméabilité sont illustrés par quelques simulations numériques. Finalement, nous considérons le cas où le diamètre des fibres tend vers zéro. En appliquant des résultats de G. Allaire à notre cas, nous justifions rigoureusement la forme du terme dominant dans les formules de perméabilité efficace utilisées en ingénierie. Ces résultats sont également confirmés par un calcul numérique direct de la perméabilité, dans lequel la petitesse du diamètre des fibres rend nécessaire le recours à des approximations de précision élevée.
La définition des méthodes numériques efficaces pour approximer la solution des modèles mathématiques est envisagée dans la troisième partie. Précisément, concernant les équations de Darcy, nous avons utilisé la méthode des éléments finis mixtes hybrides. Pour la résolution de l'équation du transport, nous avons implémenté une méthode numérique utilisant des volumes finis pour la discrétisation du terme convection/réaction associé à une approximation mixte hybride pour la discrétisation du terme dispersif.
Barbe, Laurent. "Mécanismes d'adhérence des leucocytes aux fibres synthétiques : application à la filtration du sang." Paris 7, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002228.
GUIMBRETIERE, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Etude hemorheologique clinique de 65 syndromes inflammatoires explores par bilan biologique standard et test de filtration de sang total." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT080M.
Philp, Jane. "Etude de l'hémolyse et de l'absorption des protéines plasmatiques en plasmaphérèse membranaire à débit constant et pulsé." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD658.
This thesis has focused on the problems encountered during membrane plasmapheresis. These are specifically the causes of haemolysis and flux decline during membrane separations. The objective was to find what causes haemolysis in a filtering system and how the design of a module may affect the overall haemolysis. This thesis shows that haemolysis is due to the pressure gradient across the membrane and that by reducing fibber length the potential for haemolysis is reduced. The adsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface was also investigated. It was shown that during steady blood flow conditions high levels of adsorption or trapping occurred and by introducing flow pulsations this level maybe minimised. A comparison between blood flow inside and outside the fibbers was made with respect to both filtration and haemolysis performances. It was found that with blood flow inside the fibbers haemolysis was lowest and filtration was highest. Having considered these factors a system of control was tested in vitro using bovine blood and flow pulsations. The system yielded a high filtration with very low haemolysis levels
Pellet, Charlotte. "Nouvelles fonctionnalités de copolymères en brosse dans les suspensions minérales concentrées." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066699/document.
This work focuses on a new class of bottlebrush polymers, synthesized on an industrial scale and used as additives in colloidal suspensions for paper coatings. The bottlebrush polymer controls the dehydration and drying of the suspensions, and leads to coatings of outstanding quality. Our aim is to model the functional role of these polymers from a fundamental perspective in relation with applicative performances. In a first part we study their physicochemical, structural and rheological properties in solution, emphasizing the specificities due to the brush architecture. In a second part we implement an original experimental setup to analyze the water retention properties brought by the polymers. In a third part we study the drying of calcium carbonate suspensions on solid substrates, which in general forms to heterogeneous patterns called “coffee-rings”. We discovered that at very low concentration, bottlebrush polymers remarkably suppress these defects. We call auto-induced Marangoni effect the new physical mechanism at work. It results from the interfacial properties of the polymers and their specific interactions with calcium carbonate particles. To conclude, we establish a link between water retention properties and drying defect inhibition. We demonstrate the generic character of our results which can be transposed to a biological suspension, blood, where these polymers could be of interest for cardiovascular disease treatment
Sagot, Matthieu. "Détection électrique In-Situ des événements de microfiltration dans des milieux complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP028.
Microfiltration is a well-documented scientific and technological domain that still requires research when targeting the specific and accurate filtration of rare elements inside a complex medium. Indeed, innovative solutions for sample filtering of complex media may hold the key to multiple health-related and environmental issues and applications. Blood is a good example of a complex medium: it contains a large quantity and variety of cells and proteins and exhibits a viscosity three to eight times greater than water and non-Newtonian behavior when flowing. Clinical applications of blood filtration require processing large volume of blood either because of the scarcity of the targeted elements (in the case of circulating tumor cell capture, clinical relevance starts at 5 CTCs/mL of blood) or because the whole circulating blood needs to be expurgated from some adverse entities (such as cell aggregates or circulating microparticles in stroke and cardiovascular diseases). Finally, the biological nature of the targeted elements may introduce variability in the targeted element size and shape, therefore bringing fluidic challenges for their retrieval within such media. Blood filtration is a process which is central in hemodialysis, cardiovascular disease monitoring, and liquid biopsy applications based on the selective capture of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), among other clinical contexts. For such applications, micro and nanofabrication using methods and techniques used today in advanced semi-conductor industry, brings the ability to control with great accuracy the size of the filtering pores with respect to the size of the targeted elements that require filtration. This level of accuracy in the fabrication process opens the opportunity to retain only the targeted element driving the biological information in the case of a diagnosis application or driving the pathogenicity in the case of therapeutic applications without impairing the composition of the eluted blood. However, because a large volume of blood is processed and due to the presence of millions of white blood cells (WBC) and billions of red blood cells (RBC) per milliliter of blood, such advanced microfabricated filters are subjected to clogging due to the unwanted accumulation of material unavoidably retained among time. This drawback appeals to the development of an in-situ method capable of sensing the cell density at the surface of these filters during use, to monitor their saturation in order to clean their surface or to proceed to their replacement by fresh ones. In this context, we propose clean room microfabricated devices capable of fulfilling these requirements. The produced sensing devices combine a filtering membrane with an in situ cellular electrical detection method through interdigitated microelectrodes and impedance spectroscopy measurements. Despite using micron-scale filtering pores and microfabricated devices, we propose a specific design that enables blood filtration at a high flow rate (11.5 mL/min), which is much larger than usual microfluidic devices. Finally, we demonstrate that stable electrical measurements can be performed in whole blood at high flow rates to monitor the saturation of the filter by retained cells. Moreover, the fine analysis of the captured cells, usually entrusted to remote laboratories, could be transferred at the patient’s bedside along the sample processing if an in-situ analysis and real-time phenotyping of the collected cells through their electrical signature could be demonstrated. This aspect will be addressed through the conception and fabrication of dedicated filtering devices, thus broadening the application field of electrical sensing on a filtering membrane within a microfluidic chip
Hasan, Faisal S. "Upflow sand-roughing filtration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34972.
Dorea, Caetano Chang. "Chemically-enhanced gravel pre-filtration for slow sand filtration." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843007/.
Pellet, Charlotte. "Nouvelles fonctionnalités de copolymères en brosse dans les suspensions minérales concentrées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066699.pdf.
This work focuses on a new class of bottlebrush polymers, synthesized on an industrial scale and used as additives in colloidal suspensions for paper coatings. The bottlebrush polymer controls the dehydration and drying of the suspensions, and leads to coatings of outstanding quality. Our aim is to model the functional role of these polymers from a fundamental perspective in relation with applicative performances. In a first part we study their physicochemical, structural and rheological properties in solution, emphasizing the specificities due to the brush architecture. In a second part we implement an original experimental setup to analyze the water retention properties brought by the polymers. In a third part we study the drying of calcium carbonate suspensions on solid substrates, which in general forms to heterogeneous patterns called “coffee-rings”. We discovered that at very low concentration, bottlebrush polymers remarkably suppress these defects. We call auto-induced Marangoni effect the new physical mechanism at work. It results from the interfacial properties of the polymers and their specific interactions with calcium carbonate particles. To conclude, we establish a link between water retention properties and drying defect inhibition. We demonstrate the generic character of our results which can be transposed to a biological suspension, blood, where these polymers could be of interest for cardiovascular disease treatment
Queguiner, Christophe. "Modélisation de l'écoulement d'une capsule dans un pore cylindrique." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP0864.
Muhammad, Nur. "Removal of heavy metals by slow sand filtration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6981.
Foreman, Gordon P. "Slow Rate Sand Filtration With and Without Clinoptilolite: A Comparison of Water Quality and Filtration Economics." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2896.
Kang, Young Woon. "Biological treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078903968.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 187 p.; also includes graphic (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Karen M. Mancl, Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).
Hurley, Steven Philip. "The role of macro-invertebrates in slow sand filtration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409647.
Donison, Kori S. (Kori Shay) 1981. "Household scale slow sand filtration in the Dominican Republic." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28624.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83).
Slow sand filtration is a method of water treatment that has been used for hundreds of years. In the past two decades, there has been resurgence in interest in slow sand filtration, particularly as a low-cost, household-scale method of water treatment. During January 2004, the author traveled to the northwestern Dominican Republic to evaluate the performance of BioSand filters installed over the past two years. BioSand filter performance was evaluated based on flow rate, turbidity removal and total coliform removal in communities surrounding the cities of Mao, Puerto Plata and Dajabon. Filter owners were interviewed about general filter use, water storage methods, filter maintenance practices, and water use. Data analysis revealed that even though the majority of filters were removing large portions of both total coliform and E. coli contamination, no filters met the WHO water quality guideline of less than one CFU/100 ml. Analysis also revealed that at low turbidities, turbidity removal and total coliform removal are not correlated. Examination of flow rate and bacterial removal near Puerto Plata revealed that filters with fast flow rates and intermittent chlorination were observed to have the lowest total coliform removal rates. Analysis of storage data revealed that failure to use safe water storage containers leads to recontamination of filtered water. During Spring of 2004, a laboratory was conducted to examine longer-term thermotolerant coliform and turbidity removal. The study compared removal rates between two BioSand filters, one of which was paired with a geotextile prefilter used in the construction of the Peruvian Table Filter. The study revealed that thermotolerant coliform removal rates by the BioSand filter without
(cont.) the geotextile stabilized after an initial period of lower bacterial removal efficiency. Thermotolerant coliform removal in the BioSand filter with the geotextile prefilter dropped throughout the experiment, suggesting that pairing a BioSand filter with a prefilter is detrimental to filter performance. Combining the results of the survey analysis and data gathered in the Dominican Republic with the results of the laboratory analysis of Spring 2004 suggests that BioSand filter users in the Dominican Republic should continue to use their filters. If possible, BioSand filter use should be combined with post-filtration chlorination to kill the remaining bacteria. The BioSand filter is a valuable and effective household-scale water treatment method for the Dominican Republic.
by Kori S. Donison.
M.Eng.
Sittivate, Dome. "Algae removal from surface water by horizontal-flow roughing filtration." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287809.
Micó, Reche Mª del Mar. "Photo-Fenton and Slow Sand Filtration coupling for hydroponics water reuse." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128571.
Esta tesis se enmarca en la colaboración entre el Departamento de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad de Barcelona y el Departamento de I+D de Acciona Agua S.A.U, en el marco del Proyecto CENIT- MEDIODIA (2007-2010). Esta iniciativa la componen un consorcio de empresas un consorcio de empresas y centros de investigación que unieron esfuerzos de innovación en el desarrollo de un nuevo concepto de Invernaderos Hidropónicos Avanzados. La colaboración entre la Universidad de Barcelona y Acciona Agua se centró en la optimización de los recursos hídricos de dichos invernaderos. Así se evaluó la funcionalidad de un tratamiento combinado que integrara un Proceso de Oxidación Avanzada (reacción foto-Fenton), y un reactor biológico (columna de arena de filtración lenta), aplicados a la corriente de desecho de un sistema de recirculación de lixiviados provenientes del nombrado invernadero avanzado. Las particularidades de dicho sistema de reciclado harían que el sistema combinado tuviese que trabajar con efluentes con alto contenido en pesticidas (metomilo, imidacloprid y fosetyl-Al, fueron escogidos para simular los lixiviados de invernadero) y conductividades entre 11 y 50 mS•cm-1. De este modo el principal objetivo del proceso integrado sería el de conseguir la máxima eliminación de los compuestos xenobióticos y de la carga orgánica que los acompañe en el efluente tratado. Así pues, la experimentación se llevó a cabo frente a tres aspectos relacionados con el sistema combinado: estudio de la reacción foto-Fenton, ensayos con biorreactores, y empleo de herramientas de biología molecular (MBT, en sus siglas en inglés) aplicadas a la caracterización de la biomasa desarrollada en los biorreactores ensayados. Según los resultados obtenidos, se llegó a la conclusión de que la combinación de la reacción foto-Fenton y la columna de filtración lenta podría ser una alternativa de tratamiento eficaz para la aplicación de las estrategias de reciclaje de los lixiviados hidroponía presentadas en Proyecto CENIT-MEDIODIA. Además, MBT se revelaron como poderosas herramientas para caracterizar la población microbiana de distintos biorreactores y las funciones que desempeñan.
Cleary, Shawn A. "Sustainable Drinking Water Treatment for Small Communities Using Multistage Slow Sand Filtration." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/926.
Rimmelé, Thomas. "Purification sanguine au cours du choc septique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809032.
Djembarmanah, Rachmawati Sugihhartati. "Activated unsaturated sand filter as an alternative technology to remove copper, manganese, zinc and nickel from waters." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42435.
Aydin, Mehmet Emin. "An investigation into the influence of sand size, bed depth, rates of filtration and temperature on the quality of filtrate from a slow sand filter." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7307.
Wheeler, David. "The potential role of slow sand filtration in reducing rotaviral diarrhoea in less developed countries." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843737/.
Campos, Luiza Cintra. "Modelling and simulation of the biological and physical processes of slow sand filtration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/43778/.
Lukacs, Heather A. 1979. "From design to implementation : innovative slow sand filtration for use in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84799.
Demitry, Mariana. "Evaluating Water Filtration and Disinfection for Household, Using Slow Sand Filters plus Solar Disinfection." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6911.
Khalaphallah, Rafat. "Greywater treatment for reuse by slow sand filtration : study of pathogenic microorganisms and phage survival." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735857.
Clarke, Emma Victoria Faye. "An investigation into silver nanoparticles removal from water during sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29959.
Henderson, Elizabeth. "A KINETICS STUDY OF SELECTED FILTRATION MEDIA FOR NUTRIENT REMOVAL AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2344.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
Harris, Joseph Russell. "Preposition-position design strategies in a master plan for redevelopment, McMillan Sand Filtration Site, Washington, DC /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/209.
Thesis research directed by: Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Dunn, Andrew John. "The development of a predictive model for the removal of helminth eggs during rapid sand filtration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293191.
November, Justin Sidney. "A study of soil to geotextile filtration behaviour in conjunction with Berea sand in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86381.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geotextiles perform a number of functions in various applications in civil engineering practise. It is often cost effective and more environmentally friendly versus conventional construction methods. One of the main functions of a geotextile is filtration whereby the geotextile is expected to hold back the soil particles and simultaneously has to allow sufficient water to pass through it. Soils are all different and can be problematic when it comes to designing geotextile filters. One such problematic soil is encountered in KwaZulu- Natal, situated along the east coast of South Africa. The Berea sand is problematic as it can highly variable in its engineering properties over a small area. Geotextiles are becoming more and more common practice in South Africa and little is known about the filtration performance of commercially available geotextiles in conjunction with Berea sand. Local guidelines that are available are out of date and do not provide enough information to assist design engineers in decision making. Many international guidelines are available and it is difficult to choose which one is best suited to Berea sands. This primary objective of this study is to investigate the filtration performance of four variants of commercially available geotextiles and three variants of Berea sand. The applicability of some of the international filter design criteria will also be assessed. The soil to geotextile compatibility testing was carried out as per ASTM D5101 (2006) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Soil-Geotextile System Clogging Potential by the Gradient Ratio. In total 12 permutations were executed. The results showed that only 5 test permutations met the gradient ratio and permeability criteria. The test results also conclude that the permeability is just as important as the gradient ratio. Thick geotextiles should be considered when used as filters in Berea sands. The available international geotextile filter design criteria were assessed and all showed poor correlation between laboratory results and suggested criteria. Designing geotextile filters in conjunction with Berea reds is challenging and it is recommended that design engineers perform laboratory performance testing in conjunction with their designs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geotekstiele verrig vir 'n aantal funksies in verskeie programme in die siviele ingenieurswese praktyk. Dit is dikwels meer koste-effektief en omgewingsvriendelik, teenoor konvensionele konstruksie metodes. Een van die belangrikste funksies van 'n geotekstiel is filtrasie, waardeur van die geotekstiel verwag word om van die grond terug te hou, en gelyktydig genoeg water daardeur te laat vloei. Grond verskil en dit kan problematies wees wanneer dit kom by die ontwerp van geotekstiel filters. Een so ‘n problematiese grond kom voor in KwaZulu-Natal, geleë langs die ooskus van Suid-Afrika. (Die) Berea sand is problematies, want dit verander geweldig baie ten opsigte van ingenieurseienskappe oor 'n redelike klein area. Gebruik van geotekstiele word al hoe meer ‘n algemene praktyk in Suid- Afrika, terwyl min bekend is oor die filtrasie prestasie van kommersieel beskikbare geotekstiele in samewerking met Berea sand. Plaaslike riglyne wat beskikbaar is, is verouderd en onvoldoende inligting is beskikbaar aan ontwerpingenieurs vir besluitneming . Baie internasionale riglyne is beskikbaar en dit is moeilik om te besluit watter een die beste van toepassing is vir Berea sand. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die filtrasie prestasie van vier modelle van kommersieël beskikbare geotekstiele en voorbeelde van drie soorte Berea sand te ondersoek. Die toepaslikheid van 'n paar van die internasionale filter ontwerp kriteria sal ook beoordeel word. Die toetsing van grondverenigbaarheid met geotekstiel is uitgevoer soos aangedui in ASTM D5101 (2006 ) – Standaard Toets Metode vir die meet van die grond-Geotekstiel verstopping potensiëel deur die gradient verhouding. In totaal is 12 permutasies uitgevoer. Die resultate het getoon dat slegs 5 toetspermutasies beide gradiënt verhouding en permeabiliteit kriteria bevredig het. Dikker geotekstiele word ook aanbeveel vir gebruik as filters in Berea sand. Van die toets resultate kan ook afgelei word dat die permeabiliteit net so belangrik soos die gradiënt verhouding is. Beskikbare internasionalegeotekstiel filter ontwerp kriteria is nagegaan en al die metodes het swak korrelasie tussen laboratorium resultate en die voorgestelde kriteria getoon. Om geotekstiel filters in samewerking met Berea Reds te ontwerp is 'n uitdaging en dit word aanbeveel dat ontwerpingenieurs laboratorium prestasietoetsing in samewerking met hul ontwerpe uitvoer.
Rottman, Jeffrey J. "Fundamentals and Application of Porous Media Filtration for the Removal of Nanoparticles from Industrial Wastewater." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/255157.
Dikinya, Oagile. "The effects of self-filtration on saturated hydraulic conductivity in sodic sandy soils /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0051.
Lenze, Christian. "Entwicklung hydrochemischer Parameter nach der Applikation von Klärschlamm auf unterschiedliche geologische Substrate /." Dortmund : Dortmund : Inst. für Wasserforschung ; Dortmunder Energie- und Wasserversorgung, 1997. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008199357&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Paula, Donizeti de. "Avaliação da dupla filtração para tratamento de água superficial utilizando filtração ascendente em areia grossa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-31102016-142553/.
This work concerns the study of the performance of a double filtration pilot plant whom treating surface water, presenting turbidity between 8,5 and 21,0 NTU. The pilot plant consisted of a two-stage filtration system, with an upflow coarse sand direct filtrer followed by a dowflow fine sand filter. Filtration rats varied from 120 to 360 m/day in the upflow filter and from 200 to 400 m/day in the downflow filter. Intermediate downflow in the upflow filter were performed during the run length do evaluate the performance of the pilot plant in addition, a peak of turbidity in the for influent selected filter operating varabile, was studied here in. Based on the experimental work carried out, it was concluded that: (i) the global efficiency of the system of double filtration with upflow filtration in coarse sand was satisfactory, presenting final efflents with inferior turbidity to 1,0 NTU and inferior true color to 1 uH; (ii) the distribution of the load loss in the layers of the granular middle of FAAG didn\'t present significant differences for the varied filtration taxes and operation way (with and without execution of DFIs); (iii) the rehearsals that were accomplished with the execution of DFIs presented longer filtration runs.
Isaeva, Margarita, and Castro Natasha Montes. "Water Treatment for the Removal of Iron and Manganese." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5357.
Knappett, Peter. "Evaluating the Effects of Grain Size and Divalent Cation Concentration on the Attenuation of Viruses and Microspheres through Crushed Silica Sand." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/906.
Factors that affect pathogen transport through porous media include: properties of the pathogen (i. e. surface charge, size, and morphology), properties of the granular media (i. e. mineralogy, size, texture, angularity) and properties of the water (i. e. pH, ionic strength and content, and natural organic matter). This study examines the effects of ionic strength, grain size and influent virus concentrations on pathogen transport in porous media. Fourteen column tests were conducted using the bacteriophage MS2 and 1. 5 µm microspheres; two commonly used non-pathogenic surrogates representative of human viruses and bacteria, respectively. Two size distributions of crushed silica sand, with median grain diameters of 0. 7 and 0. 34 mm, and two ionic strengths of 8 and 95 mmol/L were used. A 22 partial factorial design was used with a minimum of two replicates of each combination of the parameters.
The results show that complete breakthrough of both viruses and microspheres occurred in medium sand at low ionic strength. It was found that increasing ionic strength by Ca2+ addition precluded breakthrough of MS2 in both the medium and fine sands. This represents a greater than 8 log reduction in peak effluent concentration and essentially complete attenuation.
In fine sand, with low ionic strength water, a 5 log reduction in peak MS2 concentrations was observed. In the same sand at high ionic strength, no MS2 broke through the column, corresponding to a greater than 8 log removal. Since complete attenuation occurred in both grain sizes at high ionic strength, the effect of higher ionic strength in the fine sand was indistinguishable from the effect observed from raising the ionic strength in the medium sand.
In contrast to the viruses, microsphere transport was essentially unaffected by increasing ionic strength under the conditions investigated. A 1 log reduction in peak concentration was observed in the high ionic strength water in the medium sand. In spite of this, grain size had a profound effect on the attenuation of microspheres. There was no evidence of microsphere breakthrough in any of the fine sand columns at the low or high ionic strengths, yielding a greater than 5 log reduction in microsphere concentration associated with grain size alone. The effect of varying virus concentration was also investigated. It was found that varying the concentration of viruses between 105 and 107 pfu/ml had no discernable effect on their observed transport characteristics; normalised peak breakthrough concentration, percent attenuation and retardation relative to a bromide tracer.
Based on the results from this Thesis, in a riverbank filtration environment, there is reason to expect that, at comparable water qualities and in similar porous media, multiple logarithmic reductions of viruses and bacteria would occur over the much longer (than column length) flowpaths associated with RBF. There is also reason to expect this attenuation capability to vary based on riverbank grain size and water chemistry.
Cochran, Jeff W. "Evaluation of pre and post treatment filtration performance of Kinetico Macrolite ceramic media compared to traditional sand/anthracite and GAC filters in drinking water treatment process." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008d/cochran.pdf.
Additional advisors: Robert A. Angus, Joe J. Gauthier, Jason T. Kirby, Robert W. Peters. Description based on contents viewed June 12, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
Dikinya, Oagile. "The effects of self-filtration on saturated hydraulic conductivity in sodic sandy soils." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0051.
Coulibaly, Bintou C. "Fasso Town: A Place Where Immigrants Can Reinvent Themselves." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583998471845665.
Anggraini, Agustina Kiky [Verfasser], and F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nestmann. "Optimization of Slow Sand Filtration Design by Understanding the Influence of Operating Variables on the Physical Removal Mechanisms / Agustina Kiky Anggraini ; Betreuer: F. Nestmann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159637512/34.
Westensee, Dirk Karl. "Post-treatment technologies for integrated algal pond systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018180.
CAMPLESI, Daniela Cristina Fonseca. "Desempenho da Tecnologia de Filtração em Múltiplas Etapas (FiME) no Tratamento de Águas de Abastecimento em Escala Piloto." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/637.
The present work has evaluated the efficiency of an MSF system for treating supplying water on a pilot scale. A MSF pilot plant was located in the Water Treatment Station (WTS) area in Goianápolis- GO and fed by Sozinha stream. The plant was comprised of a dynamic prefilter (DPF) and a vertical upflowing pre-filter (VUF) in layers, both of them with different granular compositions; a slow sand filter (SSF); and a slow sand filter with activated carbon (SSFAC), which was called SEQ. 1. The second sequence of the trial, SEQ. 2, was comprised of a dynamic pre-filter (DPF) and a slow sand filter (SSF-2). The filtration rates in use were 24 and 48 m3/m2 a day for DPF, 12 e 24 m3/m2. day for APF; 3 e 6 m3/m2. day for SSF and SSFAC. The efficiency was evaluated by analyzing turbidity, apparent color, total suspended solids (TSS), as well as total thermo tolerant coliforms. The following items were evaluated: the filtration rates ranging effect onto the MSF unit trial system efficiencies; the MSF system efficiency comparison to the WTS complete cycling treatment; and the correlations between turbidity, color, and coliforms removals and the TSS removals. The results obtained from the trials have shown that DPF and VUF are important units for microorganisms and solid particles retaining, for it prepares the effluent in order to submit it into slow filtration. They have also shown that they make it possible for the roughing filtration to last longer. Generally put, it presents that the slow filters are significantly and above 90% efficient in removing TSS, color and turbidity, and 99% efficient in removing total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms in all roughing filtration. After comparing the quality of both the water produced by MSF and the one by the complete cycling WTS, it was noticed that MSF produces water with quality similar to the complete cycling WTS. The range for the filtration rates has had significant influence only in the removal efficiencies of color and turbidity. There isn t correlation among the removals of the parameters color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms but for the correlation among apparent color and true color. The experiment results suggest that MSF technology, when suitably operated, it is a viable system for the treatment of supplying water and produced water with low levels of color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms is that 40% of the samples, provided drinking water under conditions compatible to those established by Decree 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health (BRAZIL, 2004) for human consumption
O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência de um sistema de FiME no tratamento de águas de abastecimento em escala piloto. A instalação piloto FiME, localizada na área da Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA) de Goianápolis, GO e alimentada pelo Ribeirão Sozinha, era composta de um pré-filtro dinâmico (PFD), um pré-filtro com escoamento vertical ascendente (PFA) em camadas, ambos com composições granulométricas diferenciadas, um filtro lento de areia (FLA) e um filtro lento de areia com carvão ativado (FLAC) e foi denominada SEQ 1. A SEQ 2 do experimento era constituída de um pré-filtro dinâmico (PFD) e um filtro lento de areia (FLA-2). As taxas de filtração utilizadas foram 24 e 48 m3/m2. dia para PFD, 12 e 24 m3/m2. dia para PFA, 3 e 6 m3/m2. dia para FLA e FLAC. A eficiência foi avaliada por meio das análises de turbidez, cor aparente, sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Foi avaliado também o efeito da variação das taxas de filtração nas eficiências das unidades do sistema FiME, a comparação da eficiência do sistema FiME com o tratamento de ciclo completo da ETA e as correlações entre as remoções de turbidez, cor, coliformes e a remoção de SST. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstraram que o PFD e PFA são unidades importantes para a retenção de partículas sólidas e microorganismos, preparando o afluente para ser submetido à filtração lenta e possibilitam maior duração das carreiras de filtração. De maneira geral, os filtros lentos apresentaram eficiências significativas e superiores a 90% para remoção de cor, turbidez, SST e 99,9% de eficiência para remoção de coliformes totais e termotolerantes em praticamente todas as carreiras de filtração. Quando comparada a qualidade da água produzida pelo sistema FiME com a ETA de ciclo completo, verificou-se que a FiME produz água com qualidade similar à ETA de ciclo completo. As variações das taxas de filtração influenciaram significativamente nas eficiências de remoção de cor e turbidez. Não há correlação entre as remoções dos parâmetros cor, turbidez, SST e coliformes mas há correlação para cor aparente e cor verdadeira. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos sugerem que a tecnologia de FiME, quando operada adequadamente, é um sistema viável para o tratamento de águas de abastecimento e produziu água com baixos teores de cor, turbidez, SST e coliformes sendo que em 40% das amostras analisadas, proveu água potável em condições compatíveis às estabelecidas pela Portaria 518/2004 do Ministério da Saúde (BRASIL, 2004) para consumo humano
Gobbi, Sidinei Antonio. "Remoção de ovos de helmintos de esgotos secundários, por meio de filtros rápidos de areia, carvão antracitoso e zeólito para reúso agrícola e urbano não potável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-11082010-104518/.
Helminth eggs are one of the major problems regarding the reuse of treated sewage in agriculture and non-potable urban irrigation since both workers who handle the effluent and the consumer population might become contaminated. Helminth eggs are not efficiently removed by conventional unit operations and processes, which do not allow the removal of helminth eggs at levels established by the World Health Organization guidelines. The objective of this research is to assess the gravity filtration as an additional unit of treatment for the removal of helminth eggs. Since local effluent sewage treatment stations have highly variable concentrations of helminth eggs, a synthetic solution of standardized Ascaris suum was used. The synthetic solution prepared with standardized eggs was used to determine the operating parameters of the filtration process. Following the trials, pilot scale tests with treated sewage were conducted aimed at evaluating the influence of organic materials, solids, among other materials which might interfere in the process. Experiments with synthetic solution were performed in the laboratory of the International Center of Water Reuse - CIRRA, at the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo. Experiments with treated sewage were performed at ETE - ABC, SABESP. The results showed that the three filtration columns were very efficient in removing helminth eggs, which resulted in an effluent with a final concentration of < 1 egg/L. In addition, the filtration allowed the removal of total suspended solids, turbidity, color, and particulate organic material, resulting in an effluent with great potential to be reused in irrigation as well as in non-potable urban reuse.
BARTON, JOHN M. H. "EFFECT OF MEDIA GRAIN SHAPE ON PHYSICAL CAPTURE OF PARTICLES IN A FILTER BED." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092931427.
Saldanha, João Rodrigo. "Avaliação do desempenho de uma estação de tratamento de água com sistema de dupla filtração, em escala real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-24012017-152630/.
Water treatment by means of a double filtration system is in a relatively high stage of development, however, there are still few data on real scale operations. The aim of this work was to evaluate a double filtration system in a real scale (ETA2) for the treatment of water, of the autonomous service of water and sewer of the city of São Carlos - SP, which treats water from the Ribeirão do Feijão (name of a local river), and is constituted of three filtration units, each a contain a direct up-flow sand filter, and a rapid filter. In the first stage, the sand of the filters was characterized, and the operational conditions of the ETA2 were evaluated. Next, the general situation of the ETA was studied by means of several parameters (turbidity, pH, expansion of the sand during washing process, counting of particles, total coliforms and Escherichia coli), in a order to detect the main problems. Finally, a confrontation between the ETA2 an a double filtration pilot Plant was carried through. This study made infer that: I) due to the low filtration rates of the ETA2`s filtration units, excessive doses of coagulant and lack of control of the washings, the actual production of water was low (around 90%); ii) the sometimes insufficient performance of the direct up-flow sand filtration and rapid filtration systems was mainly caused by an inefficient mixing of the coagulant with the natural water, lack of sand in direct up-flow filters; iii) the building up of the lossof cargo in the direct up-flow san filtration in filters of the ETA2 was more accentuated than in the Pilot Plant due to the mixture of the filtration materials.
Nývltová, Barbora. "Posouzení účinnosti úpravny pitné vody prostřednictvím ekotoxikologických testů a screeningové analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316248.
Carré, Erwan. "Qualité biologique des eaux usées traitées en vue de la réutilisation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM018/document.
Wastewater reclamation is an ongoing and promising alternative resource in a context of water stress. In particular, this is a major issue in the Mediterranean region, and its effects tend to be intensified by global warming. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to define the conditions for ensuring the reliability of a tertiary treatment chain for wastewater reclamation. The first part deals with the limits of the methods used in routine for the enumeration of indicator microorganisms, in relation with particulate contamination. The results indicate that there is a risk of underestimation by these methods for high loads of suspended matter.Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection has been used for years to ensure the biological safety of reclaimed water. The second part of this work aims to understand the mechanisms which may affect the efficiency of UV disinfection. A linear relationship has been observed between the particulate contamination of the effluents to be treated and the disinfection efficiency loss, featured on one hand by the decrease of the inactivation constant of the microorganisms and on the other hand by the risk of tailing (UV-resistant fraction among the microorganisms).The implementation of a pre-filtration is thus necessary before UV disinfection. The third part of this work enabled to identify the filtration parameters suited for the effluents to be treated. Finally, quality control on the whole chain is considered, in particular with the demonstration of feasibility of a continuous control system based on UV/Visible spectrometry
Marrara, Danilo Aparecido Faveri. "Filtração lenta em areia, manta não tecida e carvão ativado como pós-tratamento de efluentes domesticos e reuso." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257794.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A filtração lenta é uma alternativa viável para regiões rurais afastadas dos grandes centros urbanos que necessitam de um sistema de tratamento de água de baixo custo de implantação, assim, presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência e o desempenho da filtração lenta em uma instalação piloto de filtração em areia e manta não tecida, e carvão ativado, precedida de um pré-filtro em pedregulho para tratamento de efluente de um sistema composto um de reator anaeróbio compartimentado e de leitos cultivados (wetlands) para tratamento de esgoto doméstico. Ênfases específicas foram dadas na avaliação da Filtração Lenta com meio filtrante de areia e manta não tecida e meio filtrante de areia com camada de carvão ativado granular e manta não tecida. Para uma taxa de filtração média de 3 m3/m2.dia, obteve-se uma eficiência média na remoção de sólidos em suspensão de 36,2% para o filtro lento de carvão e areia e manta não tecida e 28,2% para o filtro lento de areia e manta não tecida. A eficiência na remoção de turbidez foi de 43,2% no filtro de carvão e areia e manta não tecida e 33,2% no filtro de areia e manta não tecida. Para a cor obteve-se uma eficiência média de 39,3% para o filtro lento com camada de carvão e areia e manta não tecida e 26,0% para o filtro lento de areia e manta não tecida. A eficiência média na remoção de coliformes totais foi de 74,6% para o filtro lento de carvão e areia e manta não tecida e de 57,6% para o filtro lento de areia e manta não tecida. A remoção média de E.coli foi de 72,7% para o filtro lento de carvão e areia e manta não tecida e de 70,8% para o filtro lento de areia e manta não tecida. Devido à simplicidade de construção e operação, o filtro lento de carvão e areia e manta não tecida pode ser aplicado para tratamento de efluentes domésticos em pequenas comunidades bem como pode ser utilizado para melhorar a qualidade de um efluente a ser lançado em corpos d¿água ou se utilizar desta tecnologia simples para tratar água para fins de reuso
Abstract: The slow sand filtration is a viable economic alternative for small communities moved away from the great urban centers. This work evaluated the efficiency of a slow filter with sand layer, activated carbon and non-woven synthetic fabric, compared with a slow filter of sand and non-woven synthetic fabric to treat constructed wetland effluent. The results had shown the removal of 74,6% of total coliforms for the slow sand filter with activated carbon and 57.6% for the slow sand filter without activated carbon. The solid reduction was 36,2% for the filter with activated carbon and 26.2% for the filter without activated carbon. For the turbidity, the reduction of 43,2% for the filter with activated carbon against 33,2% for the filter without activated carbon, and for color the filter with activated carbon got 39.3% of efficiency against 26,0% for the filter without activated carbon. Due to simplicity of construction and operation, the slow sand filter with activated carbon, sand and non-woven synthetic fabric can be applied for treatment of domestic sewer in small communities and can be used to improve the quality of an effluent to be launched in water or use this simple technology to water treatment and water reuse
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Brinck, Nádia Cristina Pires. "Avaliação do tipo de material filtrante no comportamento hidráulico de filtros rápidos de camada profunda no tratamento de águas de abastecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-01092009-160800/.
This project researched the filtration stage in the water treatment process for public use. The research used a pilot filtration system based on four rapid gravity depth bed filters, with a filtration rate of 500m3/m2/dia. The water used in the experiment came from sedimentation tank of the Rio Grande water treatment facility. During the experimental phase the filters were loaded with different depth, used different filter media (sand and anthracite) and used grain with different effective size. The filters were evaluated in terms of turbidity, particle count, head loss and superficial velocity of backwashing water. In the first part of the study, when analyzing the results of filters loaded to a depth of 120 cm using both sand and anthracite with different size, the anthracite filter with effective size of 1.3 mm was the one with the best results. In the second part of the study, when comparing anthracite and sand with same the effective size, the anthracite also presented better results. Finally when increasing the depth of the filter, both sand and anthracite filters showed improved performance in terms of effluent quality, but anthracite filters kept outperforming sand filters. In both case, there were no evidences of changing in the head loss development. When performing fluidization and expansion experiments, considering the same backwashing cycle time and expansion of filter media, the anthracite filter allowed lower superficial velocity which represents relevant economies in the washing system costs. Therefore the use of anthracite (1.3mm) as a filter medium for rapid gravity depth bed filters is recommended.