Статті в журналах: "Films rock"

1

DN, Rao. "Visualization of Spreading and Non-Spreading Oil Films in Gas- Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Process Using Novel NOA81 Microfluidic Platform." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000268.

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The presence of oil films in three phase flow of oil, water and gas through reservoir rocks has a significant effect on the recovery efficiency associated with various Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes like Water Alternating Gas (WAG) and Gas-Assisted Graviry Drainage (GAGD). Visualization of these oil films helps in having a better understanding of the conditions required for the formation of such films in a rock pore network. In this work, we have used a microfluidic platform consisting of Norland Optic Adhesives-81(NOA81) that better mimics the reservoir rock pore geometry, to visualize the oil films in different spreading systems. NOA81 is a transparent polymer with high chemical and physical resistance, which enabled the device to withstand harsh organic solvents as well as high pressures and temperatures encountered in the EOR experiments. This device was designed with pore network similar to that of a consolidated water wet porous rock with varying channel widths and taper, unlike various other platforms using regular square or constant channel width grids. This modification resulted in a more realistic representation of the actual pore network of reservoir rocks. Continuous thinner oil films were observed in the positive spreading system, whereas discontinuous trapped oil blobs were encountered in the negative spreading system. Statistical analysis carried out on the thickness of the oil phase separating water and gas phases indicated significant differences and confirmed the visual observations.

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2

Vlahou, I., and M. G. Worster. "Freeze fracturing of elastic porous media: a mathematical model." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2175 (March 2015): 20140741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0741.

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We present a mathematical model of the fracturing of water-saturated rocks and other porous materials in cold climates. Ice growing inside porous rocks causes large pressures to develop that can significantly damage the rock. We study the growth of ice inside a penny-shaped cavity in a water-saturated porous rock and the consequent fracturing of the medium. Premelting of the ice against the rock, which results in thin films of unfrozen water forming between the ice and the rock, is one of the dominant processes of rock fracturing. We find that the fracture toughness of the rock, the size of pre-existing faults and the undercooling of the environment are the main parameters determining the susceptibility of a medium to fracturing. We also explore the dependence of the growth rates on the permeability and elasticity of the medium. Thin and fast-fracturing cracks are found for many types of rocks. We consider how the growth rate can be limited by the existence of pore ice, which decreases the permeability of a medium, and propose an expression for the effective ‘frozen’ permeability.

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3

Colegial-Gutiérrez, Juan Diego, María Camila Forero-Quintero, María Alejandra Fuentes-Rueda, and Sully Gomez Isidro. "Characterization of weathering profiles of the crystal rocks of eastern Bucaramanga and definition of hydrogeological properties." Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 41 (January 1, 2017): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n41.59347.

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In the process of improving the knowledge of the hydrogeological potential of weathered zones in crystalline rocks and compounds that can behave as aquifers, this article is performed whose area of study is located east of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Santander Massif consists of two main lithological units; the Neis of Bucaramanga and Santander Group plutonic (diorite, granodiorite-tonalite gray quartz monzonite and monzogranite). These rocks have undergone brittle deformation, physico-chemical weathering mainly influenced by the tropical atmosphere of the area also are jointed and fractured creating conditions that facilitate the flow of water and in turn be optimized weathering processes in the region. He appealed to the identification and location of field weathering profiles made a detailed study of outcrops, presenting a thickness of 90.4 m for the profile of the Gneisic rock weathering and 68.5 m for the profile of granodiorite rock, made up 6 steps weathering of which samples each were taken and carry out macroscopic analysis, petrographic and geochemical using thin films, determining the percentage of porosity, humidity, dry unit weight, X-ray fluorescence, electron microscopy Sweeping and Grading; base characterizing weathering profiles and properties, highlighting the potential hydrogeological found in the Range II: Slightly weathered rock and interval V: Completely weathered rock profile of granodiorite rock and Rock Gneisic profile, the interval III : Moderately weathered rock and the range V: Completely weathered rock, since these stages of weathering, moisture peaks present, regular micro fractures and high porosities.

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4

Sonnenfeld, P., and P. P. Hudec. "Origin of clay films in rock salt." Sedimentary Geology 44, no. 1-2 (May 1985): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(85)90035-1.

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5

Ruwisch, Kevin, Andreas Alexander, Tobias Pollenske, Karsten Küpper, and Joachim Wollschläger. "Influence of Oxygen Plasma on the Growth and Stability of Epitaxial NiCo2O4 Ultrathin Films on Various Substrates." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 6911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196911.

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In this work, we investigated the influence of oxygen plasma on the growth of nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) thin films compared to growth in a molecular oxygen atmosphere. The films were grown on MgO(001), MgAl2O4(001) and SrTiO3(001) substrates by oxygen plasma (atmosphere of activated oxygen)-assisted and reactive molecular beam epitaxy (molecular oxygen atmosphere). Soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that only the use of oxygen plasma led to a spectrum characteristic of (NiCo2O4). Low energy electron diffraction measurements were conducted to obtain information on the structure of the film surfaces. The results proved the formation of a spinel surface structure for films grown with oxygen plasma, while the formation of a rock salt structure was observed for growth with molecular oxygen. To determine the film thickness, X-ray reflectivity measurements were performed. If oxygen plasma were used to grow (NiCo2O4) films, this would result in lower film thicknesses compared to growth using molecular oxygen although the cation flux was kept constant during deposition. Additional X-ray diffraction experiments delivered structural information about the bulk structure of the film. All films had a rock salt bulk structure after exposure to ambient conditions. Angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous depth distribution of cations of the grown film, but no typical (NiCo2O4) spectrum anymore. Thus, on the one hand, (NiCo2O4) films with a spinel structure prepared using activated oxygen were not stable under ambient conditions. The structure of these films was transformed into NiCo oxide with a rock salt structure. On the other hand, it was not possible to form (NiCo2O4) films using molecular oxygen. These films had a rock salt structure that was stable under ambient conditions.

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6

Marnocha, Cassandra L., and John C. Dixon. "Bacterial communities in Fe/Mn films, sulphate crusts, and aluminium glazes from Swedish Lapland: implications for astrobiology on Mars." International Journal of Astrobiology 12, no. 4 (July 5, 2013): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550413000232.

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AbstractRock coatings have been observed on Mars by Mars Pathfinder, Viking and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Although rock varnish has been studied for its potential as a biosignature, other types of rock coating have been largely ignored. In Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland, sulphate crusts, aluminium glazes and Fe/Mn films occur with mineralogies mimicking those observed on the surface of Mars. Molecular analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the bacterial communities associated with these rock coatings. Molecular techniques revealed differences in community structure and metabolisms associated with the production of secondary minerals between the three coating types. SEM analysis showed evidence of encrustation in mineral coatings in the Fe/Mn films and aluminium glazes, and evidence of abundant microbial communities in all three coating types. These observations provide evidence for bacterial participation in the genesis of rock coatings. For astrobiology on Mars, rock coatings are an attractive biosignature target scientifically and logistically: they are surface environments easily accessible by rovers, endoliths are afforded protection from surface conditions, and evidence of life could potentially be preserved through biomineralization and lithification. This study describes the bacterial communities from rock coatings compatible with martian mineralogy, explores the potential for biologically facilitated rock-coating formation, and supports rock coatings as targets of astrobiological interest on Mars.

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7

Toumelin, Emmanuel, and Carlos Torres-Verdín. "Object-oriented approach for the pore-scale simulation of DC electrical conductivity of two-phase saturated porous media." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 2 (March 2008): E67—E79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2836675.

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Archie’s empirical power laws are strictly valid only for homogeneous, water-wet (WW) rocks deprived of microporosity or substantial clay-exchange cations. When these conditions are not met, non-Archie electrical behavior arises whereby relationships among rock resistivity, porosity, and water saturation no longer exhibit power-law dependence. Currently, such an unreliable behavior of empirical laws can be quantified only through pore-scale modeling of electrical conductivity under specific sets of geometric assumptions and with substantial computation memory requirements. We introduce a new geometric concept to simulate direct-current electrical-conductivity phenomena in arbitrary rock models on the basis of 3D grain and pore objects that include explicit distributions of intragranular porosity, clay-exchange cations, nonwetting fluid blobs, thin films, and pendular rings. These objects are distributed in the pore space following simple heuristic principles of drainage/imbibition that honorcapillary-pressure curves. They provide a simple way to parameterize the 3D pore space and to calculate the electrical conductivity of porous media saturated with two immiscible fluid phases by way of diffusive random walks within the brine-filled pore space. Not only is the random-walk method memory efficient but it also allows the inclusion of clay/brine cation exchange surfaces otherwise not possible with conventional pore-network models. By comparing results stemming from random-walk, pore-network, and percolation simulations, we show the importance of grain surface roughness and thin film thickness, even in water-wet rocks where those factors usually are neglected. For the case of strongly oil-wet rocks, we show that thin films, snap-offs, and pore microgeometry have a primary impact on hysteresis-dominated rock resistivity during imbibition (increasing water saturation). Our simulation method agrees well overall with percolation simulation results and is advantageously unaffected by assumptions concerning site-percolation imbibition.

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8

Цукер, А. М. "Rock in the Russian Cinematography of the 1980s." Музыкальная академия, no. 4(768) (December 20, 2019): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34690/24.

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В статье на материале анализа художественных и документальных фильмов периода перестройки (режиссеры С. Кулиш, Р. Нугманов, В. Огородников, Ю. Подниекс, С. Соловьёв, А. Учитель) выявляются социокультурные функции рок-музыки, ее роль как важнейшего элемента кинематографического языка в создании атмосферы картин, формировании характеров главных персонажей, основного конфликта. Автор раскрывает функцию рока в драматургии фильмов и в то же время показывает, как рок в союзе с кинематографом отражал дух времени, создавал социальный портрет поколения. Он влиял на их драматургическое решение не только своими собственно музыкальными качествами, своей звуковой атмосферой, но и всем социокультурным контекстом. Этот шлейф ассоциаций наполнял картины многослойным содержанием, активно «работал» в условиях новой концептуальной и аудиовизуальной среды. On the basis of the analysis of the feature films and documentaries of the Perestroika period (films directed by S. Kulish, R. Nugmanov, V. Ogorodnikov, Yu. Podnieks, S. Soloviev, A. Uchitel) the sociocultural functions of the rock music are revealed. The article considers the rock music as the most important element of the cinematic language, which creates the atmosphere of the film, forms the personalities of the main characters, reveals the main conflict of works. The author reveals the role of rock in the dramaturgy of the films and at the same time shows how rock in the union with the cinematography reflected the spirit of the times, created a social portrait of the generation. Rock influenced their dramaturgy not only with its musical qualities, sound atmosphere, but also with the whole sociocultural context. This series of associations filled the movies with multi-layer content, actively worked in the new conceptual and audiovisual environment.

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9

Baker, David. "Rock Rebels and Delinquents: the Emergence of the Rock Rebel in 1950s ‘Youth Problem’ Films." Continuum 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1030431052000336289.

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10

Duan, Mingyu, Lefei Shao, Qibai Huang, Chenlin Wang, Xuefeng Li, and Yizhe Huang. "Peak Cutting Force Estimation of Improved Projection Profile Method for Rock Fracturing Capacity Prediction with High Lithological Tolerance." Coatings 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091306.

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Prediction of rock fracturing capacity demands particular requirements for the exploitation of mineral resources, especially for the parameter design of conical pick performance for hard rock fragmentation, which must take into account differences in rock mechanical properties. Among these parameters, the peak cutting force (PCF) is important in designing, selecting, and optimizing the cutting head of mining equipment and a cutability index of rocks. Taking high lithological tolerance as demand traction, this study proposes a theoretical model for estimating the peak cutting force of conical picks based on the improved projection profile method for which the influence of alloy head, pick body structure, and installation parameters are taken into consideration. Besides, experimental results corresponding to different numbers of rock samples are used to verify the accuracy and stability of the theoretical model. Meanwhile, the comparison of performance in cutting force estimation between this model and four other existing theoretical models is conducted. The results found that the new method has the highest correlation coefficient with the experimental results and the lowest root mean square error comparing with other models, i.e., the estimation performance of this method has high lithological tolerance when the rock type increases and the lithology changes. Consequently, the proposed peak cutting force estimation of improved projection profile method will provide a more valid and accurate prediction for rock fracturing capacity with large differences in rock mechanical properties.

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11

McLEOD, KEN. "Bohemian rhapsodies: operatic influences on rock music." Popular Music 20, no. 2 (May 2001): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143001001404.

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Opera and operatic images have invaded nearly all aspects of popular culture. Films (even silent films), radio, television, literature and numerous other media have all, to one degree or another, appropriated either actual opera or operatic devices and conventions. One important realm of popular culture that has appeared relatively immune to operatic influence, however, is rock music. Though several studies have illustrated the impact of ‘classical’ instrumental music on heavy metal and pop music, no serious scholarship has as yet explored the considerable influence exerted by opera, and its conventions, on various forms of rock music (Aledort 1985; McClary and Walser 1990; Walser 1992; Covach 1997). This essay examines the various manifestations of opera in rock music with particular concentration on works by Queen, Nina Hagen, Klaus Nomi and Malcolm McLaren that employ specific instances of operatic vocality or borrowing. Such opera–rock fusions are often predicated upon the transgression of conventional musical boundaries and often reflect an analogous rejection of traditional cultural boundaries surrounding sexual orientation, gender and class. Long overlooked, recognising opera's cross-relations with rock offers new insights into the postmodern blurring of traditional distinctions between ‘high’ and ‘low’ art and broadens our understanding of both genres.

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12

Dwyer, Michael D. "The same old songs in Reagan-era teen film." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 3 (August 8, 2012): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.3.01.

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This article examines the recontextualization of 1950s rock in the form of “Oldies” in teen films of the 1970s and 1980s. Specifically, the article highlights the peculiar phenomenon of scenes featuring teenagers lip-synching to oldies songs in films like Risky Business (1983), Pretty in Pink (1986), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), and Adventures in Babysitting (1987).In these scenes, like in the cover versions of rhythm and blues records popularized by white artists in the fifties, white teens embody black cultural forms, “covering” over the racial and sexual politics that characterized rock and roll's emergence. The transformation of rock 'n' roll from “race music” to the safe alternative for white bourgeois males in the face of new wave, punk, disco and hip hop, reflected in the establishment of oldies radio formats and revival tours, was aided and abetted by oldies soundtracks to Hollywood film.

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13

Wall, J. S., J. F. Hainfeld, and K. D. Chung. "Films That Wet Without Glow Discharge." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120278.

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Mass measurements with the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) provide a direct link between biochemistry and the information in the dark field STEM image of an unstained biological specimen. Total mass of a complex mass of individual components, mass per unit length, mass per unit area, or change in mass distribution following biochemical treatment, are easily determined.Accuracy and preparation requirements have been described elsewhere. In the past year, we have made significant progress in specimen preparation, developing a “wet film” technique which eliminates the need for glow discharge treatment of grids. The method is similar to the Valentine technique but uses minute quantities of specimen. A thin carbon film is evaporated under UHV conditions onto freshly cleaved rock salt. The thin carbon is floated off the rock salt onto distilled water and a titanium grid with a thick, holey carbon film laid on top of it. After a few minutes, the grid is picked up from above by grasping its edge with a tweezer and turned over so that the adhering drop of water is facing upward.

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14

Schäfer, Nadine, Burkhard C. Schmidt, Nadia-Valérie Quéric, Birgit Röring, and Joachim Reitner. "Organic Compounds and Conditioning Films Within Deep Rock Fractures of the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden." Geomicrobiology Journal 32, no. 3-4 (March 16, 2015): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2014.911992.

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15

Evallyo, V. D. "The Demonization of a Rock Musician’s Image in Western Cinema." Art & Culture Studies, no. 2 (June 2021): 344–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51678/2226-0072-2021-2-344-365.

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In this article, attention is mainly focused on the images of musicians with supernormal abilities in Western cinema, their recognizable external and behavioral features, which are largely a clichéd perception of one or another stylistic of rock music. Why do the images of rock musicians fit so well into the visual structure? First of all, this is the high potential of the represented stories for multilevel decryption. The interest of mass culture in the field of rock music is characterized by many criteria, and not least of all associated with the carnival, mystical elements of concert activity; detective elements, and existential twists and turns. The clichéd motives of protest do not coincide with everyday life or do not directly correlate with it, but it is precisely the struggle that becomes in demand among the audience. It is symptomatic that rock musicians appear in many films in the images of Others, endowed with superpowers. Different myths are intertwined, and transformations and demonic forces are initially regarded as something unrighteous, but it is to the au- dience’s judgment that options are presented in assessing the Others and their fate. The author examines in detail a number of characters of rock musicians who appear in many films in the images of Others, supreme beings. This kind of character assumes the individual assessments of ethical principles inherent to this or that superhero.

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16

BULLEN, G. J. "ROCK‐HARD TRIBOLOGY." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 37, no. 2 (February 1985): 44–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb053296.

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17

Karbownik, Karolina. "Speculation over the Love for Rock Music. Media Constructions of Groupies Between the 1960s and 1970s." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia de Cultura 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837275.13.2.4.

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The music media have constructed the identity of groupies as sexual and passive objects, submissive, inauthentic consumers of music. The stereotype, although still present in popular culture, is criticized by both the interested parties and rock artists. This article is an attempt to discuss the role that groupies played in the creation of the myth and character of the rock god, while taking into account the preconceived assumptions held by the popular media. Narratives of groupies’ participation in the emerging rock and metal scene have also been included as the ones which created a male rock musician identity: wild, aggressive and powerful. The basis for the discussion of groupies and their role in building identity in the context of rock music is the result of a deep, rhetorical analysis of groupies’ biographies, press materials, films, scientific literature and own research.

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18

MACFADYEN, DAVID. "The Russian “Rockumentary”: Documentary Films and Rock, Pop, and Chanson." Russian Review 69, no. 4 (September 16, 2010): 670–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9434.2010.00586.x.

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19

Rosaiah, P., and O. M. Hussain. "Microstructural and Electrochemical Properties of rf-Sputtered LiFeO2 Thin Films." Journal of Nanoscience 2014 (March 13, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/173845.

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Lithium iron oxide (LiFeO2) thin films have been deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering technique and microstructural and electrochemical properties were studied. The films deposited at a substrate temperature 250°C with subsequent post annealing at 500°C for 4 h exhibited cubic rock-salt structure with Fm3m space group. The films exhibited well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks suggesting complete reversibility upon cycling. The as-deposited films exhibited an initial discharge capacity 15 μAh/cm2·μm, whereas the films post annealed at 500°C for 4 h in controlled oxygen environment exhibited 31 μAh/cm2·μm.

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20

Hmood, Arshad, Arej Kadhim, and Abu Hassan Haslan. "Structural and Electrical Properties of Pb_1-xYb_xSe_yTe_1-y Quaternary Compound Synthesized by Solid State Microwave Assisted Plasma." Advanced Materials Research 501 (April 2012): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.501.257.

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Solid-state microwave as a method was used to synthesize quaternary compounds Pb1-xYbxSe0.2Te0.8 from initial components to obtain polycrystalline ingots with large grain size. Thin films of Pb1-xYbxSe0.2Te0.8 were then deposited onto glass substrates using thermal evaporation in vacuum, which have a polycrystalline rock salt (NaCl) structure for powders, and thin films. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal that the Pb1-xYbxSe0.2Te0.8 thin films with Yb-doped have uniform crystal grain size and dense nanostructure. The thermoelectric properties of thin films were measured in the temperature range 298–523 K. The Seebeck coefficient of films increased with x when x=0.015, 0.03 and 0.045, while decreased for x=0.06−0.105.

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21

James, David E. "Rock ‘n’ Film: Generic Permutations in Three Feature Films from 1964." Grey Room 49 (October 2012): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00086.

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22

Hill, A. S., and S. J. Hawkins. "An investigation of methods for sampling microbial films on rocky shores." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 1 (February 1990): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400034214.

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Chlorophyll analysis and methods of direct observation of rock surfaces under the SEM were used to estimate composition and abundance of epilithic microbial taxa. Effectiveness of different chlorophyll extraction techniques was assessed. Extraction from ground and intact rock was compared using both hot methanol and acetone extraction methods. Hot methanol extraction from intact rock provided the most accurate and precise estimates of chlorophyll content. SEM preparation methods were compared. Microbial taxa were counted under the SEM from cryostage, critically point dried and air-dried material. It was concluded that air drying was the most appropriate preparation method for SEM observation. Air drying provides reasonable estimates of microbial composition and abundance and was less time consuming so allowing an adequate number of samples to be analysed. Cumulative species number with sampling effort curves were used to establish minimal sample sizes with respect to estimates of species number. Sequential estimates of mean abundance with increasing sample size were used to determine the effects of increasing sample size on estimates of abundance of the dominant taxa. These estimates were compared at different times of the year and for two different locations. Microbial communities were found to be extremely patchy in distribution. However, sample sizes required to give good estimates of taxa number and abundance were established. These estimates were found to be similar for the main taxa at different times of the year and at different locations.

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23

Tsai, Eva, and Hyunjoon Shin. "Strumming a place of one's own: gender, independence and the East Asian pop-rock screen." Popular Music 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143012000517.

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AbstractThe first decade of the 21st century has seen a concurrent rise of pop-rock screen productions in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, particularly feature films, documentaries and TV series informed by the guitar and/or band culture. This paper probes the popularisation of pop-rock in the region and asks what gender and sexual expressions have been mobilised in such productions and representations. The paper juxtaposes dominant gender tropes, such as the failing male rocker in search of rebirth (Korea), romantic youth pursuing authenticity (Japan), dazzling but also bedazzled rocker-girl on stage (Japan), indie music goddess in control of subdued femininity (Korea) and peripheral girl-with-acoustic-guitar who chronicles boys' sorrow (Taiwan). Responding to the familiar myth of rebellion in pop-rock discourses, our inter-referential analysis suggests that East Asian pop-rock screen is about the making of heterotopias rather than utopias.

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24

Ryoken, Haruki, Isao Sakaguchi, Naoki Ohashi, Yutaka Adachi, Takeshi Ohgaki, Shunichi Hishita, and Hajime Haneda. "Defect Structure in (Zn,Mg)O Films Prepared on YSZ Substrate." Key Engineering Materials 320 (September 2006): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.320.103.

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The defect structure of undoped ZnO and (Zn1-x,Mgx)O solid-solution films were deposited on YSZ substrate with pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to investigate defect equilibria in those films. In particular, the effects of thermal treatment on the structures and prosperities of (Zn1-x,Mgx)O solid-solution films were examined. The films with high MgO concentration (x>0.12) decomposed to the wurtzite-type and rock-salt-type phase after thermal treatment, indicating that the solubility limit of Mg was about x=0.12 and the wurtzite-type (Zn,Mg)O films with x>0.12 were indicated to be non-equilibrium ones. The subsequent analyses of oxygen diffusivity in those films revealed that the films under non-equilibrium state, i.e., wurtzite-type (Zn1-x,Mgx)O with x>0.12, contained significantly high concentration of anion defects.

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25

Kikkawa, Shinichi, K. Sakon, Y. Kawaai, and T. Takeda. "Magnetoresistance of Post-Annealed Iron Nitride Related Thin Films." Advances in Science and Technology 52 (October 2006): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.52.70.

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Iron nitrides thermally decompose to α-Fe releasing their nitrogen above 300°C. MR effect was found out in the thin films obtained by post-annealing of the following two kinds of sputter deposited iron nitride related films. (1) α-Fe particles dispersed in AlN granular film was obtained by an annealing of Al0.31Fe0.69N sputter deposited film in hydrogen. The MR=0.82% was found out in this nitride system. (2) Fe3O4 thin films were prepared by thermal decomposition of sputter deposited iron nitride films in low oxygen partial pressure. The iron nitrides were defect rock salt type γ΄˝-FeNx (0.5≤x≤0.7) and zinc blende type γ˝-FeNy (0.8≤y≤0.9) at the sputter nitrogen gas pressure of 1Pa and 6Pa. MR ratios of the oxide films were about 2%.

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26

Satybaev, A., and Y. Tashpolotov. "Consideration of the Influence of the Initial Stress State of Rock Bases of Hydro-engineering Structures on Models From Gypsum Porcelain Composite." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 4 (April 15, 2023): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/89/43.

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Methods of researching the stress-deformed state of rock foundations of hydraulic structures are analyzed, laboriousness and costliness of large-scale natural studies in field conditions are emphasized. Rock foundations are a natural composite with an initial stress state, and its influence on the deformability of the foundations of hydraulic engineering structures is one of the most important issues of interest to the scientific world. The strength and deformation indicators of the gypsum-lime composite under compression and tension loading were determined on the samples. Based on the developed method of the stamp on a flat model made of gypsum-limestone composite, the experimental data show the influence of the experimental values of the modulus of deformation determined by the method of loading the rocks with the stamp.

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27

Martínez-Tomás, Maria del Carmen, Adelaida Huerta-Barberà, Saïd Agouram, and Vicente Muñoz-Sanjosé. "Induced crystallographic changes in Cd1−xZnxO films grown on r-sapphire by AP-MOCVD: the effects of the Zn content when x ≤ 0.5." CrystEngComm 22, no. 1 (2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01483g.

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HRXRD, SEM and TEM techniques were used to investigate crystallographic characteristics of Cd_1−xZn_xO films grown by MOCVD on r-plane sapphire in the transition process from the rock-salt to the wurtzite structure.

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28

Barrios-Salgado, Enue, Y. Rodríguez-Lazcano, Juan Pablo Pérez-Orozco, J. Colin, P. Altuzar, J. Campos, and David Quesada. "Effect of Deposition Time on the Optoelectronics Properties of PbS Thin Films Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5960587.

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PbS thin films with thickness between 100 and 150 nm were grown for the first time by microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition in a commercial automated system with deposition times not exceeding 5 min. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the thin films have cubic rock salt type structure with good crystallinity. The grain size increased from 18 to 20 nm, as the deposition time increased. Energy dispersive X-ray results confirm that the films are stoichiometric. Optical measurements show that thin films have relatively high absorption coefficients between 104 and 105 cm-1 in the visible range. In addition, the films exhibit a direct gap, within the energy range from 1.0 to 1.35 eV. The electrical properties, such as conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility, are discussed.

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29

Lee, Jonathan Rhodes. "Texts, Drugs, and Rock ’n’ Roll." Journal of Musicology 38, no. 3 (2021): 296–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2021.38.3.296.

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Of all the New Hollywood films, Easy Rider (1969) perhaps most effectively demonstrates the potential complexity of the rock compilation soundtrack. Drawing on concepts from film studies, film musicology, and literary theory, this article discusses how Easy Rider demonstrates the compilation soundtrack’s potential to generate meanings both inter- and intratextually. The intertextual method of interpreting pop compilation soundtracks looks deeply into the intersection of image, sound, and narrative on a vertical axis, considering the relationship between dialogue/image/plot point and song lyrics/musical style, the ways that the songs on these soundtracks communicate to audiences the thematic or diegetic significance of a given moment, and how these synthetic meanings apply to various characters/situations in the diegesis. Intratextual readings work horizontally to show the cyclical relationships between audiovisual set-pieces and the ways that these relationships clarify or enhance narrative themes. Attention to the intratextual function shows that despite the frequent concern that popular songs can disrupt the integrity of a filmic narrative, popular music soundtracks can in fact feature their own modes of large-scale, structural function. This film’s soundtrack allows viewers to experience Easy Rider in dual registers; narrative threads connect to other narrative threads, musical set-pieces connect to musical set-pieces, and all of the elements together comprise one audiovisual complex.

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30

Hosseini, Marzieh Sadat, Masoud Khazaei, Majid Misaghi, and Mohammad Hossein Koosheshi. "Improving the stability of nanofluids via surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles for wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate reservoirs." Materials Research Express 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4fdf.

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Abstract The main challenge of the application of nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in oil-wet carbonate reservoirs is maintaining their stability under high-temperature and high-salinity which is normally seen in reservoir conditions. In this work, surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by N-(2-Aminoethyl)−3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) as a coupling agent for surface modification of nanoparticles. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses were used to evaluate the stability of the prepared nanofluids. Results indicated that nanofluids had high stability in 90 °C and 20 wt% salinity. The influence of nanofluids on wettability alteration of carbonate rocks was studied by measuring the contact angle value. Untreated rock samples were strongly oil-wet, with water advancing and receding contact angles of 165.1° and 166.2°, respectively. After treatment with 3wt% concentration of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, the rock plate wettability changed to a water-wet state, with water advancing and receding contact angles of 37.6° and 48.2°, respectively. Suggested surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were more effective in wettability alteration of the rock surfaces compared to the un-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, higher concentration of nanoparticles, higher the ability of the nanoparticles on changing the rock wettability.

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31

Raison, Antoine, Nathalie Prud'homme, Wu Wang, Diana Dragoe, and Nita Dragoe. "Chemical vapor deposition of entropy-stabilized rock-salt type oxide thin films." Materials Letters 337 (April 2023): 133955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.133955.

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32

Daher, Elissa, Gabriele Rondoni, Nicola Cinosi, Eric Conti, and Franco Famiani. "Particle Films Combined with Propolis Have Positive Effects in Reducing Bactrocera oleae Attacks on Olive Fruits." Horticulturae 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030397.

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The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, is a major pest of olive trees in several areas of the world. Testing novel preventive methods against B. oleae infestations is paramount. The use of particle film in eluding B. oleae and avoiding oviposition is one of the main strategies adopted by olive growers; however, choices are often limited to kaolin. Under field conditions, we tested the efficacy of novel compounds, including particle films, for their effectiveness as oviposition deterrents against B. oleae. The trial was conducted from July to October 2021 in an olive orchard located in central Italy. One olive variety, Borgiona, was selected and sprayed with propolis, rock powder, kaolin, the mixture of propolis and rock powder, the mixture of propolis and kaolin and water (control). Laboratory analyses were conducted to study the effects of the treatments on the fruit maturity index. As per the field trial, the rock powder and propolis mixture caused a reduction of B. oleae infestation with respect to the control (water), similarly to kaolin. Moreover, the mixture of kaolin and propolis exhibited the best results among all treatments. When mixed with propolis, particle films showed higher protection from B. oleae than when applied alone, suggesting a synergistic effect, and demonstrating an interesting role of propolis as an adjuvant. No delay in fruit maturity was noticed. Our results indicate that the tested products have the potential to be incorporated into management programs of B. oleae, although possible side effects on olive physiology require additional investigations.

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He, Xia, Lin Zhong, Guorong Wang, Yang Liao, and Qingyou Liu. "Tribological behavior of femtosecond laser textured surfaces of 20CrNiMo/beryllium bronze tribo-pairs." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 6 (September 14, 2015): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2015-0042.

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Purpose – This paper aims to carry out tribological experiments to explore the applications of femtosecond laser surface texturing technology on rock bit sliding bearing to enhance the lifetime and working performance of rock bit sliding bearing under high temperature and heavy load conditions. Design/methodology/approach – Surface textures on beryllium bronze specimen were fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation (800 nm wavelength, 40 fs pulse duration, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency), and then the tribological behaviors of pin-on-disc configuration of rock bit bearing were performed with 20CrNiMo/beryllium bronze tribo-pairs under non-Newtonian lubrication of rock bit grease. Findings – The results showed that the surface texture on beryllium bronze specimens with specific geometrical features can be achieved by optimizing femtosecond laser processing via adjusting laser peak power and exposure time; more than 52 per cent of friction reduction was obtained from surface texture with a depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.165 and area ratio of 5 per cent at a shear rate of 1301 s−1 under the heavy load of 20 MPa and high temperature of 120°C, and the lubrication regime of rock bit bearing unit tribo-pairs was improved from boundary to mixed lubrication, which indicated that femtosecond laser ablation technique showed great potential in promoting service life and working performance of rock bit bearing. Originality/value – Femtosecond laser-irradiated surface texture has the potential possibility for application in rock bit sliding bearing to improve the lubrication performance. Because proper micro dimples showed good lubrication and wear resistance performance for unit tribo-pairs of rock bit sliding bearing under high temperature, heavy load and non-Newtonian lubrication conditions, which is very important to improve the efficiency of breaking rock and accelerate the development of deep-water oil and gas resources.

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Mueller, Andreas G. "Petrogenesis of amphibole – biotite – calcite – plagioclase alteration and laminated gold – silver quartz veins in four Archean shear zones of the Norseman district, Western Australia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 388–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-036.

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The Norseman mining district in the Archean Yilgarn Block, Western Australia, has produced 140 t of gold and about 90 t of silver from 11.24 × 106 t of ore. The district is located within a metamorphic terrane of mafic and minor ultramafic greenstones, intruded by granite cupolas and swarms of porphyry dykes. The orebodies consist of laminated quartz veins, controlled by narrow (0.5–5 m) reverse shear zones that, in general, follow the contacts of metapyroxenite or porphyry dykes. Petrological studies of four shear zones, exposed on the Regent shaft 14 level, Ajax shaft 10 level, and in the stope above the North Royal shaft 5 level, show that the host rocks were metamorphosed to hornblende–plagioclase amphibolites and actinolite–chlorite rocks at temperatures of 500–550 °C prior to mineralization.At the localities studied, intense wall-rock replacement and low-grade (0.5 g/t) gold mineralization are confined to ductile or brittle–ductile shear structures. Alteration is similar in both ultramafic and mafic greenstones, and consists of an inner zone of biotite–quartz–calcite–plagioclase rock with minor actinolitic hornblende and quartz–calcite–actinolite veinlets, and an outer zone, locally developed, of chlorite–calcite–quartz rock. At an estimated pressure of 3 kbar (300 MPa), fluid temperatures during wall-rock alteration are constrained by the hydrothermal mineral assemblages to 480 ± 30 °C in two shear zones on the Regent shaft 14 level, and to 450 ± 20 °C in one shear zone in the North Royal shaft 5 level stope. The mole fraction of CO2 of the fluids is estimated at [Formula: see text], and the sulphur fugacity at 10−6 bar (10−1 kPa) (at 450 °C), based on the assemblage pyrrhotite + pyrite ± arsenopyrite. The development of an outer chloritic alteration zone at North Royal is related to the lower fluid temperature at this locality.High-grade (up to 75 g/t Au, 283 g/t Ag) veins formed within three of the shear zones studied at fluid temperatures of 400 °C and less, by the successive accretion of quartz laminae, separated by films of retrograde chlorite and sericite. The assemblage of ore minerals in the veins differs from that in the altered wall rocks, and includes disseminated galena, Pb–Bi–Ag tellurides, and native gold, which coprecipitated with the quartz. The orebodies at Norseman show affinities to Phanerozoic and Archean gold skarn deposits.

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35

Jiang, Jiechao, J. He, Efstathios I. Meletis, Jian Liu, Z. Yuan, and Chong Lin Chen. "Two-Dimensional Modulated Interfacial Structures of Highly Epitaxial Ferromagnetic (La,Ca)MnO₃ and Ferroelectric (Pb,Sr)TiO₃ Thin Films on (001) MgO." Journal of Nano Research 3 (October 2008): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.3.59.

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Two-dimensional in-plane interface structures of highly epitaxial perovskite (La,Ca)MnO3 (LCMO) and (Pb,Sr)TiO3 (PSTO) thin films on salt-rock type MgO substrate were studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Cross-section TEM studies revealed that both LCMO and PSTO films are good single crystal quality and have atomic sharp interface with respect to the MgO substrate with -6.4% and -6.2% lattice mismatch, respectively. Electron Diffraction Patterns (EDPs) of plan-view LCMO/MgO and PSTO/MgO interfaces exhibit double diffraction spots. An analytical approach was employed using double diffraction to study the two-dimensional in-plane interfaces of perovskite structure films on the salt-rock type substrate. The lattice mismatch near the interface regions was determined using EDPs of the plan-view interfaces and found to be -8.0% for LCMO/MgO and -7.14% for PSTO. Both latter values are larger than those obtained using cross-section TEM. Studies of the sharpness of double diffraction spots and plan-view high resolution (HR) TEM brought a conclusion that the PSTO film is well commensurate with the MgO substrate over large areas, whereas LCMO film is only locally commensurate with the substrate. These studies provide additional evidence to our previous observations that plan-view TEM of the interface is able to provide critical and valuable information that is lacking from the cross-section TEM analysis.

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36

Chinh, Pham Duc. "Electrical properties of sedimentary rocks having interconnected water‐saturated pore spaces." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 4 (July 2000): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444802.

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Permeable sedimentary rocks can often be modeled as an impermeable rock matrix cut by a system of an irregular system of interconnected, irregularly shaped, water‐saturated pore spaces. I represent this system by a multiphase effective medium that is compatible with Archie’s Law for electrical conductivity. My effective medium is an extention of the self‐similar Sen, Scalar, and Cohen model which characterizes sedimentary rocks as a water suspension of spherical solid grains. My generalized multiphase model includes two important components: open water spherelike pockets, which significantly increase the porosity but add little to the electrical conductivity, and thin films surrounding the grains and water‐filled cracks, which contribute little to the porosity but significantly to the electrical conductivity. By perturbing the relative balance between these two model components, I am able to represent a range of aggregates for which I can construct effective media that are consistent with the electrical conductivity predicted by Archie’s Law.

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37

Liton, M. N., K. R. Khan, M. M. Rahman, and M. M. Islam. "Effect of N and Cu Doping on Structure, Surface Morphology and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Thin Films." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2015): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i1-2.19573.

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Thin films of ZnO, ZnO:Cu, ZnO:N and ZnO:(Cu,N) have been deposited on glass substrate at temperature 350ºC by low cost spray pyrolysis (SP) technique at an ambient atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed that the films are of mono-phasic polycrystalline in nature having wurtzite ZnO crystal structure. The preferential orientation of un-doped ZnO films is in the (002) plane which changes to (101) for N and Cu mono-doped and (Cu, N) co-doped ZnO films. Surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly shows the formation of rock shaped nanostructures and hexagonal crystalline grains. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) study revealed the formation of crystalline grains perpendicular to the surface and reduction of surface roughness with doping. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the un-doped and doped ZnO samples show well defined transitions of the near band edge (NBE) and deep level (DLE) emissions emerged from different defect states present in the films.

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38

Zhukov, Vladlen V., Denis A. Shcherbakov, Pavel B. Sorokin, and Boris P. Sorokin. "DEPENDENCE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PIEZOELECTRIC ALUMINUM-SCANDIUM NITRIDE ON SCANDIUM CONCENTRATION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, no. 6 (May 16, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216406.6384.

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In this work the physical properties of the piezoelectric aluminum-scandium nitride (ASN) solid solution as a function of scandium concentration were studied using the density functional theory and experimental methods. The phase transition from the wurtzite phase to the rock salt phase at a Sc concentration of 43% was shown. The barriers of transformation from the wurtzite phase to the rock salt phase for various Sc concentrations were obtained. The behavior of the ASN piezoelectric constant d33 calculated by the piezoelectric constants e33, e31, and e15 shows a sharp increase with increasing Sc concentration compared to aluminum nitride AlN. The relationship between the increase in the piezoelectric response of ASN and the softening of the lattice, accompanied by a decrease in the main elastic constants C11, C33, C44 and C66, as well as a decrease in the c/a ratio with increasing Sc concentration, is shown. ASN films with a predominance of the crystal orientation (00·2) were obtained experimentally by magnetron sputtering. The structural properties of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. A comparison of the experimentally obtained dependence of the c/a ratio on the Sc concentration with the theoretical values showed a good correspondence. Studies of the physical properties of ASN thin films were performed using microwave multi-overtone composite resonators on diamond substrates with a longitudinal bulk acoustic wave (BAW) as the operating mode in the range of 0.5 – 20 GHz. The frequency dependences of the Q-factor of BAW-resonators with different ASN films were obtained, and the frequency dependences of the square of the modulus of the form factor as |m|2 were calculated. The dependences of the elastic constant С33 and the piezoelectric constant e33 for the ASN films with different Sc concentrations were calculated. The calculated and measured values of these constants are agreed within the experimental error.

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39

Drury, Martyn R., and John D. Fitz Gerald. "Grain boundary melt films in an experimentally deformed olivine-orthopyroxene rock: Implications for melt distribution in upper mantle rocks." Geophysical Research Letters 23, no. 7 (April 1, 1996): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96gl00702.

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40

Beste, U., A. Lundvall, and S. Jacobson. "Micro-scratch evaluation of rock types—a means to comprehend rock drill wear." Tribology International 37, no. 2 (February 2004): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(03)00038-0.

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41

Tan, Fengqi, Changfu Xu, Yuliang Zhang, Gang Luo, Yukun Chen, and Wentao Liu. "Differences of microscopic seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding and prediction models of final oil recovery for conglomerate reservoir." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018086.

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The special sedimentary environments of conglomerate reservoir lead to pore structure characteristics of complex modal, and the reservoir seepage system is mainly in the “sparse reticular-non reticular” flow pattern. As a result, the study on microscopic seepage mechanism of water flooding and polymer flooding and their differences becomes the complex part and key to enhance oil recovery. In this paper, the actual core samples from conglomerate reservoir in Karamay oilfield are selected as research objects to explore microscopic seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding for hydrophilic rock as well as lipophilic rock by applying the Computed Tomography (CT) scanning technology. After that, the final oil recovery models of conglomerate reservoir are established in two displacement methods based on the influence analysis of oil displacement efficiency. Experimental results show that the seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding for hydrophilic rock are all mainly “crawling” displacement along the rock surface while the weak lipophilic rocks are all mainly “inrushing” displacement along pore central. Due to the different seepage mechanisms among the water flooding and the polymer flooding, the residual oil remains in hydrophilic rock after water flooding process is mainly distributed in fine throats and pore interchange. These residual oil are cut into small droplets under the influence of polymer solution with stronger shearing drag effect. Then, those small droplets pass well through narrow throats and move forward along with the polymer solution flow, which makes enhancing oil recovery to be possible. The residual oil in weak lipophilic rock after water flooding mainly distributed on the rock particle surface and formed oil film and fine pore-throat. The polymer solution with stronger shear stress makes these oil films to carry away from particle surface in two ways such as bridge connection and forming oil silk. Because of the essential attributes differences between polymer solution and injection water solution, the impact of Complex Modal Pore Structure (CMPS) on the polymer solution displacement and seepage is much smaller than on water flooding solution. Therefore, for the two types of conglomerate rocks with different wettability, the pore structure is the main controlling factor of water flooding efficiency, while reservoir properties oil saturation, and other factors have smaller influence on flooding efficiency although the polymer flooding efficiency has a good correlation with remaining oil saturation after water flooding. Based on the analysis on oil displacement efficiency factors, the parameters of water flooding index and remaining oil saturation after water flooding are used to establish respectively calculation models of oil recovery in water flooding stage and polymer flooding stage for conglomerate reservoir. These models are able to calculate the oil recovery values of this area controlled by single well control, and further to determine the oil recovery of whole reservoir in different displacement stages by leveraging interpolation simulation methods, thereby providing more accurate geological parameters for the fine design of displacement oil program.

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42

Hogg, Christopher. "The Punk-Rock King: Musical Anachronism in Period Film." Media International Australia 148, no. 1 (August 2013): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314800110.

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Music has a powerful indexical ability to evoke particular times and places. Such an ability has been exploited at length by the often-elaborate soundscapes of period films, which regularly utilise incidental scores and featured period songs to help root their narrative action in past times, and to immerse their audiences in the sensibilities of a different age. However, this article will begin to examine the ways in which period film soundtracks can also be used to complicate a narrative sense of time and place through the use of ‘musical anachronism’: music conspicuously ‘out of time’ with the temporality depicted on screen. Through the analysis of a sequence from the film W.E. (Madonna, 2011) and the consideration of existing critical and conceptual contexts, this article will explore how anachronistic soundtracks can function beyond ‘postmodern novelty’ or ‘nuisance’ to historical verisimilitude, instead offering alternative modes of engagement with story and history.

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Tyagi, Ila. "Inscribing Interiority and Ideology: Representing the Visually Elusive in the American Petroleum Institute’s Cold War Films." MediaTropes 7, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/mt.v7i2.33667.

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Films sponsored by the American oil industry during the Cold War often pit communism and capitalism against each other, arguing for the latter’s ideological superiority. Since abstract ideologies are difficult to represent visually, the battle takes concrete form via depictions of layers of underground rock in films like The Last Ten Feet (1949) and Destination Earth (1956), which demonstrate how the American oil industry’s engineering ingenuity locates and extracts the precious crude oil reserves found therein. In this essay, I argue that by harnessing moving images’ power to visualize the optically elusive, films sponsored by the oil industry show it to have technological access to customarily inaccessible underground space, thus making the industry seem a more potent foil for the Red menace.Image Credit: Screenshot from Destination Earth (1956).

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Kobayashi, Atsushi, Kohei Ueno, and Hiroshi Fujioka. "Ultrathin rock-salt type NbN films grown on atomically flat AlN/sapphire substrates." Journal of Crystal Growth 572 (October 2021): 126269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126269.

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45

Fang, Chao, Shuyu Sun, and Rui Qiao. "Structure, Thermodynamics, and Dynamics of Thin Brine Films in Oil–Brine–Rock Systems." Langmuir 35, no. 32 (July 21, 2019): 10341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01477.

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46

Stanfield, Peter. "Crossover: Sam Katzman'sSwitchblade Calypso Bop Reefer Madness Swamp Girlor ‘Bad Jazz,’ calypso, beatniks and rock 'n' roll in 1950s teenpix." Popular Music 29, no. 3 (October 2010): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143010000255.

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AbstractThis essay challenges the received wisdom that teenpix of the 1950s were dominated by a soundtrack of rock 'n' roll. I argue that this cycle of film production was marked by a diversity of musical genres, styles and types. Not only rock 'n' roll, but rhythm 'n' blues, folk, rockabilly, swing, West Coast jazz, bebop, Latin music such as the mambo, the rhumba, the cha cha chá, and Caribbean calypsos were all heavily featured in these films. This study is carried out through a focus on the temporal arrangements – fads, cycles, trends – that govern serial production and consumption of movies and popular music. Following Philip Ennis' thesis that rock 'n' roll is best defined by its ability to ‘crossover’ musical boundaries – to move, for example, across the pop, country, and rhythm 'n' blues charts – I argue that the film industry chose not to overly limit the music it had on offer and instead provided a varied package, some of which, it expected, would crossover and appeal to diverse and capricious teenage tastes.

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Ma, Zongyuan, Faning Dang, and Hongjian Liao. "Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress on the Bearing Capacity of Footings in Soft Rock." Coatings 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091019.

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The bearing capacity for footings is a fundamental scientific problem in civil engineering. The evaluation of the bearing capacity of footings usually does not take into account the effect of the intermediate principal stress. In practice, the intermediate principal stress has certain influences on the strength of geomaterials (e.g., rock and soil) or concrete. In this paper, a series of numerical solutions are presented to evaluate the bearing capacity of footings in a soft rock foundation via a two-dimensional finite difference code (FLAC) with a strain hardening/softening constitutive model based on the unified strength theory (UST). The values of the bearing capacity factor Nc and Nγ for strip, circular and square footings in a soft rock foundation were evaluated using the strain hardening/softening constitutive model. The effect of the intermediate principal stress on the bearing capacity of strip, circular and square footings in a soft rock foundation was analyzed. The results of the numerical computation show that the intermediate principal stress has a significant influence on the bearing capacity and failure mechanisms of a soft rock medium. The influence of the intermediate principal stress on the peak and residual values of the bearing capacity for a strip footing is much greater than for circular and square footings. Research works for the reasonable estimation of the bearing capacity of footings in soft rock are facilitated by this study.

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48

van Limpt, Renee T. M., Marek Lavorenti, Marcel A. Verheijen, Mihalis N. Tsampas, and Mariadriana Creatore. "Control by atomic layer deposition over the chemical composition of nickel cobalt oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41, no. 3 (May 2023): 032407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002414.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology for renewable electricity-driven water splitting toward hydrogen production. However, application of AEMWE at industrial scale requires the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts showing long-term stability under mild alkaline conditions. Among these, nickel cobalt oxide thin films are considered promising candidates. The ideal chemical composition of these oxides remains debatable, with recent literature indicating that rock-salt NiCoO2 may exhibit similar OER activity as the traditional spinel NiCo2O4. In this work, we present the development of a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) process of nickel cobalt oxide thin films (∼20 nm) with focus on the role of their chemical composition and crystal structure on the OER activity. The film composition is tuned using a supercycle approach built upon CoOx cycles with CoCp2 as a precursor and O2 plasma as a co-reactant and NiOx cycles with Ni(MeCp)2 as a precursor and O2 plasma as a co-reactant. The films exhibit a change in the crystallographic phase from the rock-salt to spinel structure for increasing cobalt at. %. This change is accompanied by an increase in the Ni3+-to-Ni2+ ratio. Interestingly, an increase in electrical conductivity is observed for mixed oxides, with an optimum of (2.4 ± 0.2) × 102 S/cm at 64 at. % Co, outperforming both NiO and Co3O4 by several orders of magnitude. An optimal electrocatalytic performance is observed for 80 at. % Co films. Cyclic voltammetry measurements simultaneously show a strong dependence of the OER-catalytic performance on the electrical conductivity. The present study highlights the merit of ALD in controlling the nickel cobalt oxide chemical composition and crystal structure to gain insight into its electrocatalytic performance. Moreover, these results suggest that it is important to disentangle conductivity effects from the electrocatalytic activity in future work.

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49

Allen, K. G., T. W. von Backström, D. G. Kröger, and A. F. M. Kisters. "Rock bed storage for solar thermal power plants: Rock characteristics, suitability, and availability." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 126 (July 2014): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.03.030.

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50

Mishjil, Khudheir A., M. S. Othman, Ali H. Abdulsada, Hayfa G. Rashid, and Nadir F. Habubi. "Effect of Mg doping on the optical properties of nanostructures CdO Thin film." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2322, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2322/1/012089.

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Abstract The performance of first principles computations of nanostructured CdO and Cdo:Mg grown by spray pyrolysis method (SPM) was studied, using density functional theory (DFT)). The structural and optical behaviour with XRD and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. DFT displayed that Cd32O32 cluster and doped magnesium have cubic with rock salt structures. The optical bandgap of nanostructure films were obtained, while theoretically calculated for Mg-doped CdO cubic structures. The optical data displayed that the magnesium doped increase optical energy gap. Moreover, Optical results displayed that reflectivity of the nanostructure films varied from (400–900 nm) range with doping. While experimental transmittance was increased about 55% for 4% and decreased to 48% for 8% concentrations.

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