Статті в журналах: "FILM'S CYTOTOXICITY"

1

Negrila, Catalin Constantin, Daniela Predoi, Rodica V. Ghita, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Steluta Carmen Ciobanu, Mirela Manea, Monica Luminita Badea, et al. "Multi-Level Evaluation of UV Action upon Vitamin D Enhanced, Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films Deposited on Titanium Substrate." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020120.

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Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) is an important bioactive material for bone tissue reconstruction, due to its highly thermodynamic stability at a physiological pH without bio-resorption. In the present study, the Ag:HAp and the corresponding Ag:HAp + D3 thin films (~200 nm) coating were obtained by vacuum deposition method on Ti substrate. The obtained samples were exposed to different UV irradiation times, in order to investigate the UV light action upon thin films, before considering this method for the thin film’s decontamination. The effects of UV irradiation upon Ag:Hap + D3 are presented for the first time in the literature, marking a turning point for understanding the effect of UV light on composite biomaterial thin films. The UV irradiation induced an increase in the initial stages of surface roughness of Ag:HAp thin film, correlated with the modifications of XPS and FTIR signals. The characteristics of thin films measured by AFM (RMS) analysis corroborated with XPS and FTIR investigation highlighted a process of recovery of the thin film’s properties (e.g., RMS), suggesting a possible adaptation to UV irradiation. This process has been a stage to a more complicated UVA rapid degradation process. The antifungal assays demonstrated that all the investigated samples exhibited antifungal properties. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assays revealed that the HeLa cells morphology did not show any alterations after 24 h of incubation with the Ag:HAp and Ag:HAp + D3 thin films.

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2

Zemek, Josef, Petr Jiricek, Jana Houdkova, Martin Ledinsky, Miroslav Jelinek, and Tomas Kocourek. "On the Origin of Reduced Cytotoxicity of Germanium-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon: Role of Top Surface Composition and Bonding." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030567.

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This work attempts to understand the behaviour of Ge-induced cytotoxicity of germanium-doped hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) films recently thoroughly studied and published by Jelinek et al. At a low doping level, the films showed no cytotoxicity, while at a higher doping level, the films were found to exhibit medium to high cytotoxicity. We demonstrate, using surface-sensitive methods—two-angle X-ray-induced core-level photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) spectroscopy, that at a low doping level, the layers are capped by a carbon film which impedes the contact of Ge species with tissue. For higher Ge content in the DLC films, oxidized Ge species are located at the top surface of the layers, provoking cytotoxicity. The present results indicate no threshold for Ge concentration in cell culture substrate to avoid a severe toxic reaction.

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3

Xie, Rui Juan, Ming Zhong Li, Shen Zhou Lu, Wei Hua Sheng, and Yu Feng Xie. "Preparation of Sericin Film and its Cytocompatibility." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.241.

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Bombyx mori Sericin films were prepared with PEG-DE as cross linking agent. The main physical properties, structure characteristics, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of sericin films were measured and analyzed. The result showed that sericin films prepared by cast method containing 30-40% of PEG-DE, showed good mechanical properties. PEG-DE caused the changes of the condensed structure of sericin films. The films prepared from sericin extracted both from silk-gland and cocoon shell showed good cytocompatibility. Silk sericin films with PEG-DE had no obvious cytotoxicity to cells.

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4

Puccetti, Matteo, Anna Donnadio, Maurizio Ricci, Loredana Latterini, Giulia Quaglia, Donatella Pietrella, Alessandro Di Michele, and Valeria Ambrogi. "Alginate Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles Composite Films for Wound Dressings with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Activities." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020084.

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Recently, silver-based nanoparticles have been proposed as components of wound dressings due to their antimicrobial activity. Unfortunately, they are cytotoxic for keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and this limits their use. Less consideration has been given to the use of AgCl nanoparticles in wound dressings. In this paper, a sustainable preparation of alginate AgCl nanoparticles composite films by simultaneous alginate gelation and AgCl nanoparticle formation in the presence of CaCl2 solution is proposed with the aim of obtaining films with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and low cytotoxicity. First, AgNO3 alginate films were prepared, and then, gelation and nanoparticle formation were induced by film immersion in CaCl2 solution. Films characterization revealed the presence of both AgCl and metallic silver nanoparticles, which resulted as quite homogeneously distributed, and good hydration properties. Finally, films were tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692), and the yeast Candida albicans. Composite films showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the tested bacteria and resulted as less active towards Candida albicans. Film cytotoxicity was investigated towards human dermis fibroblasts (HuDe) and human skin keratinocytes (NCTC2544). Composite films showed low cytotoxicity, especially towards fibroblasts. Thus, the proposed sustainable approach allows to obtain composite films of Ag/AgCl alginate nanoparticles capable of preventing the onset of infections without showing high cytotoxicity for tissue cells.

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5

Rakmae, Suriyan, and Nitinat Suppakarn. "Thermal Properties, Biodegradability and Cytotoxicity of PLA/Sericin Films." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.86.

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In this study, PLA/sericin films at various contents of sericin were prepared. Thermal properties, in vitro degradability and in vitro cytotoxicity of the films were characterized. The results illustrated that the incorporation of sericin into PLA matrix crucially affected thermal properties and biodegradability of the films and also enhanced human fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation on the film surface.

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6

Pamlényi, Krisztián, Géza Regdon, Dániel Nemes, Ferenc Fenyvesi, Ildikó Bácskay, and Katalin Kristó. "Stability, Permeability and Cytotoxicity of Buccal Films in Allergy Treatment." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081633.

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Oral mucoadhesive systems, such as polymer films, are among innovative pharmaceutical products. These systems can be applied in swallowing problems and can also be used in geriatrics and paediatrics. In our earlier work, we successfully formulated buccal mucoadhesive polymer films, which contained cetirizine-hydrochloride (CTZ) as the API. The present study focused on investigating the stability and permeability of the prepared films. The stability of the films was studied with an accelerated stability test. During the stability test, thickness, breaking hardness and in vitro mucoadhesivity were analysed. Furthermore, the interactions were studied with FT-IR spectroscopy, and the changes in the amount of the API were also monitored. Cytotoxicity and cell line permeability studies were carried out on TR 146 buccal cells. Compositions that can preserve more than 85% of the API after 6 months were found. Most of the compositions had a high cell viability of more than 50%. Citric acid (CA) decreased the stability and reduced every physical parameter of the films. However, cell line studies showed that the permeability of the films was enhanced. In our work, we successfully formulated CTZ-containing buccal films with adequate stability, high cell viability and appropriate absorption properties.

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7

Hissae Yassue-Cordeiro, Zandonai, Pereira Genesi, Santos Lopes, Sanchez-Lopez, Garcia, Camargo Fernandes-Machado, Severino, B. Souto, and Ferreira da Silva. "Development of Chitosan/Silver Sulfadiazine/Zeolite Composite Films for Wound Dressing." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11100535.

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Biopolymeric films with silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) are proposed as an alternative to the occlusive AgSD-containing creams and gauzes, which are commonly used in the treatment of conventional burns. While the recognized cytotoxicity of AgSD has been reported to compromise its use as an antimicrobial drug in pharmaceuticals, this limitation can be overcome by developing sustained-release formulations. Microporous materials as zeolites can be used as drug delivery systems for sustained release of AgSD. The purpose of this work was the development and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films to be used as wound dressings. Zeolite was impregnated with AgSD before the production of the composite films. The physicochemical properties of zeolites and the films were evaluated, as well as the antimicrobial activity of the polymeric films and the cytotoxicity of the films in fibroblasts Balb 3T3/c. Impregnated zeolite exhibited changes in FTIR spectra and XRD diffraction patterns, in comparison to non-impregnated composites, which corroborate the results obtained with EDX-SEM. The pure chitosan film was compact and without noticeable defects and macropores, while the film with zeolite was opaquer, more rigid, and efficient against Candida albicans and some gram-negative bacteria. The safety evaluation showed that although the AgSD films present cytotoxicity, they could be used in a concentration-dependent fashion.

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8

Almeida, Nilsa Maria Galvão, Renata Lima, Thaís Francine Ribeiro Alves, Márcia de Araújo Rebelo, Patrícia Severino, and Marco Vinícius Chaud. "A novel dosage form for buccal administration of bupropion." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 51, no. 1 (March 2015): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502015000100010.

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Bupropion is an antidepressant used in the treatment of smoking. The purpose of this study was to prepare controlled-release hydrogel films for buccal administration of bupropion and investigate its physicochemical and cytotoxic properties. The films were prepared from ultrapure sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M, and medium-viscosity chitosan. Evaluation of film physicochemical characteristics was based on scanning electron microscopy, bupropion content, mechanical strength (burst strength, relaxation, resilience, and traction), and cytotoxicity. Bupropion content in bilayer films was 121 mg per 9 cm2. The presence of bupropion modified film mechanical strength, but did not compromise the use of this pharmaceutical form. As shown by the cytotoxicity results, films containing bupropion did not cause cellular damage. Bupropion administration in the form of hydrogel films is a potentially useful alternative in the treatment of smoking.

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9

Sathya Seeli, David, Abinash Das, and Mani Prabaharan. "Zinc Oxide–Incorporated Chitosan–Poly(methacrylic Acid) Polyelectrolyte Complex as a Wound Healing Material." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040228.

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A novel type of porous films based on the ZnO-incorporated chitosan–poly(methacrylic acid) polyelectrolyte complex was developed as a wound healing material. The structure of porous films was established by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and porosity studies revealed that the pore size and porosity of the developed films increased with the increase in zinc oxide (ZnO) concentration. The porous films with maximum ZnO content exhibited improved water swelling degree (1400%), controlled biodegradation (12%) for 28 days, a porosity of 64%, and a tensile strength of 0.47 MPa. Moreover, these films presented antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus sp. due to the existence of ZnO particles. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that the developed films had no cytotoxicity against the mouse mesenchymal stem (C3H10T1/2) cell line. These results reveal that ZnO-incorporated chitosan-poly(methacrylic acid) films could be used as an ideal material for wound healing application.

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10

Connor, Lydia M., Carol A. Ballinger, Thomas B. Albrecht, and Edward M. Postlethwait. "Interfacial phospholipids inhibit ozone-reactive absorption-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 286, no. 6 (June 2004): L1169—L1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00397.2003.

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The intrapulmonary distribution of inhaled ozone (O3) and induction of site-specific cell injury are related to complex interactions among airflow patterns, local gas-phase concentrations, and the rates of O3 flux into, and reaction and diffusion within, the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Recent studies demonstrated that interfacial phospholipid films appreciably inhibited NO2 absorption. Because surface-active phospholipids are present on alveolar and airway interfaces, we investigated the effects of interfacial films on O3-reactive absorption and acute cell injury. Compressed films of dipalmitoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and rat lung lavage lipids significantly reduced O3-reactive absorption by ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and uric acid. Conversely, unsaturated phosphatidylcholine films did not inhibit O3 absorption. We evaluated O3-mediated cell injury using a human lung fibroblast cell culture system, an intermittent tilting exposure regimen to produce a thin covering layer, and nuclear fluorochrome permeability. Exposure produced negligible injury in cells covered with MEM. However, addition of AH2 produced appreciable (<50%) cell injury. Film spreading of DPPC monolayers necessitated the use of untilted regimens. Induction of acute cell injury in untilted cultures required both AH2 plus very high O3 concentrations. Addition of DPPC films significantly reduced cell injury. We conclude that acute cell injury likely results from O3 reaction with ELF substrates. Furthermore, interfacial films of surface-active, saturated phospholipids reduce the local dose of O3-derived reaction products. Finally, because O3 local dose and tissue damage likely correlate, we propose that interfacial phospholipids may modulate intrapulmonary distribution of inhaled O3 and the extent of site-specific cell injury.

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11

Buinov, Aleksandr S., Elvira R. Gafarova, Ekaterina A. Grebenik, Kseniia N. Bardakova, Bato Ch Kholkhoev, Nadezhda N. Veryasova, Pavel V. Nikitin, et al. "Fabrication of Conductive Tissue Engineering Nanocomposite Films Based on Chitosan and Surfactant-Stabilized Graphene Dispersions." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 3792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183792.

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Chitosan (CS)/graphene nanocomposite films with tunable biomechanics, electroconductivity and biocompatibility using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Pluronic F108 (Plu) as emulsion stabilizers for the purpose of conductive tissue engineering were successfully obtained. In order to obtain a composite solution, aqueous dispersions of multilayered graphene stabilized with Plu/PVP were supplied with CS at a ratio of CS to stabilizers of 2:1, respectively. Electroconductive films were obtained by the solution casting method. The electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the resulting films were assessed in relation to the graphene concentration and stabilizer type and they were close to that of smooth muscle tissue. According to the results of the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, the films did not release soluble cytotoxic components into the cell culture medium. The high adhesion of murine fibroblasts to the films indicated the absence of contact cytotoxicity. In subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats, we found that stabilizers reduced the brittleness of the chitosan films and the inflammatory response.

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12

Jelinek, Miroslav, Tomáš Kocourek, Karel Jurek, Michal Jelinek, Barbora Smolková, Mariia Uzhytchak, and Oleg Lunov. "Preliminary Study of Ge-DLC Nanocomposite Biomaterials Prepared by Laser Codeposition." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030451.

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This paper deals with the synthesis and study of the properties of germanium-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. For deposition of doped DLC films, hybrid laser technology was used. Using two deposition lasers, it was possible to arrange the dopant concentrations by varying the laser repetition rate. Doped films of Ge concentrations from 0 at.% to 12 at.% were prepared on Si (100) and fused silica (FS) substrates at room temperature. Film properties, such as growth rate, roughness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology, wavelength dependent X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) composition, VIS-near infrared (IR) transmittance, and biological properties (cytotoxicity, effects on cellular morphology, and ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)) were studied in relation to codeposition conditions and dopant concentrations. The analysis showed that Ge-DLC films exhibit cytotoxicity for higher Ge doping.

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13

Savaris, Michele, Gustavo L. Braga, Venina dos Santos, Glaucio A. Carvalho, Asdrubal Falavigna, Denise C. Machado, Christian Viezzer, and Rosmary N. Brandalise. "Biocompatibility Assessment of Poly(lactic acid) Films after Sterilization with Ethylene Oxide in Histological Study In Vivo with Wistar Rats and Cellular Adhesion of Fibroblasts In Vitro." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7158650.

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Biomaterials must meet certain fundamental requirements for their usage in living beings, such as biocompatibility, bifunctionality, and sterilizability, without having chemical and structural changes. The biocompatibility of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, shaped by compression, was evaluated after sterilization by ethylene oxide by a histological in vivo test with Wistar rats and cytotoxicity in cell adhesion in vitro. The cytotoxicity test was performed by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Thermal and chemical changes in PLA films concerning the proposed sterilization process and characteristics were not observed to evidence polymer degradation due to sterilization. The analysis of the cytotoxicity by the MTT method has shown that the sterilized PLA films are not cytotoxic. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on PLA films were homogeneously distributed over the evaluation period, showing an elongated appearance with unnumbered cytoplasmic extensions and cell-cell interactions. By examining the biocompatibility in a histological study, a mild tissue inflammation was observed with the presence of fibrosis in the samples that had been exposed for 21 days in the rats’ bodies. PLA films sterilized with ethylene oxide did not exhibit cell adhesion in vitro and toxicity to the surrounding tissue in vivo and they may be used in future in vivo testing, according to histological findings in Wistar rats in the present study.

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14

Eulálio, Hugo Yves C., Mariana Vieira, Thiago B. Fideles, Helena Tomás, Suédina M. L. Silva, Carlos A. Peniche, and Marcus Vinícius L. Fook. "Physicochemical Properties and Cell Viability of Shrimp Chitosan Films as Affected by Film Casting Solvents. I-Potential Use as Wound Dressing." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215005.

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Chitosan solubility in aqueous organic acids has been widely investigated. However, most of the previous works have been done with plasticized chitosan films and using acetic acid as the film casting solvent. In addition, the properties of these films varied among studies, since they are influenced by different factors such as the chitin source used to produce chitosan, the processing variables involved in the conversion of chitin into chitosan, chitosan properties, types of acids used to dissolve chitosan, types and amounts of plasticizers and the film preparation method. Therefore, this work aimed to prepare chitosan films by the solvent casting method, using chitosan derived from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shell waste, and five different organic acids (acetic, lactic, maleic, tartaric, and citric acids) without plasticizer, in order to evaluate the effect of organic acid type and chitosan source on physicochemical properties, degradation and cytotoxicity of these chitosan films. The goal was to select the best suited casting solvent to develop wound dressing from shrimp chitosan films. Shrimp chitosan films were analyzed in terms of their qualitative assessment, thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), wettability, tensile properties, degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts using the resazurin reduction method. Regardless of the acid type employed in film preparation, all films were transparent and slightly yellowish, presented homogeneous surfaces, and the thickness was compatible with the epidermis thickness. However, only the ones prepared with maleic acid presented adequate characteristics of WVP, WVTR, wettability, degradability, cytotoxicity and good tensile properties for future application as a wound dressing material. The findings of this study contributed not only to select the best suited casting solvent to develop chitosan films for wound dressing but also to normalize a solubilization protocol for chitosan, derived from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shell waste, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.

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15

Jeong, Heeseok, Jeongwon Rho, Ji-Yeon Shin, Deuk Yong Lee, Taeseon Hwang, and Kwang J. Kim. "Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of PLA/PCL films." Biomedical Engineering Letters 8, no. 3 (April 4, 2018): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13534-018-0065-4.

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16

Kędzierska, Marta, Sara Blilid, Katarzyna Miłowska, Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas, Nadia Katir, Mohammed Lahcini, Abdelkrim El Kadib, and Maria Bryszewska. "Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111386.

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Marine polysaccharides are believed to be promising wound-dressing nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic activity, and ability to easily shape into transparent films, hydrogels, and porous foams that can provide a moist micro-environment and adsorb exudates. Current efforts are firmly focused on the preparation of novel polysaccharide-derived nanomaterials functionalized with chemical objects to meet the mechanical and biological requirements of ideal wound healing systems. In this contribution, we investigated the characteristics of six different cellulose-filled chitosan transparent films as potential factors that could help to accelerate wound healing. Both microcrystalline and nano-sized cellulose, as well as native and phosphorylated cellulose, were used as fillers to simultaneously elucidate the roles of size and functionalization. The assessment of their influences on hemostatic properties indicated that the tested nanocomposites shorten clotting times by affecting both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the blood coagulation system. We also showed that all biocomposites have antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the materials against two cell lines, human BJ fibroblasts and human KERTr keratinocytes, was investigated. The nature of the cellulose used as a filler was found to influence their cytotoxicity at a relatively low level. Potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity were also investigated; only one (phosphorylated microcellulose-filled chitosan films) of the compounds tested produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a small extent, and some films reduced the level of ROS, probably due to their antioxidant properties. The transmembrane mitochondrial potential was very slightly lowered. These biocompatible films showed no genotoxicity, and very importantly for wound healing, most of them significantly accelerated migration of both fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

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17

Zhang, Bowei, Hongwei Ni, Rongsheng Chen, Tongcun Zhang, Xi Li, Weiting Zhan, Zhenyu Wang, and Yao Xu. "Cytotoxicity effects of three-dimensional graphene in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts." RSC Advances 6, no. 51 (2016): 45093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04018g.

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We present an evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of 3D graphene sheets fabricated by carbonization of polydopamine (PDA) films on a template of aligned nanopore arrays (NPAs) on a stainless steel surface.

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18

Jongwannasiri, Chavin, Nutthanun Moolsradoo, Anak Khantachawana, Pongpan Kaewtatip, and Shuichi Watanabe. "The Comparison of Biocompatibility Properties between Ti Alloys and Fluorinated Diamond-Like Carbon Films." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/724126.

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Titanium and titanium alloys have found several applications in the biomedical field due to their unique biocompatibility. However, there are problems associated with these materials in applications in which there is direct contact with blood, for instance, thrombogenesis and protein adsorption. Surface modification is one of the effective methods used to improve the performance of Ti and Ti alloys in these circumstances. In this study, fluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) films are chosen to take into account the biocompatible properties compared with Ti alloys. F-DLC films were prepared on NiTi substrates by a plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) technique using acetylene (C2H2) and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) as plasma sources. The structure of the films was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The contact angle and surface energy were also measured. Protein adsorption was performed by treating the films with bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was investigated in Hanks’ solution by means of a potentiodynamic polarization technique. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using MTT assay and dyed fluorescence. The results indicate that F-DLC films present their hydrophobic surfaces due to a high contact angle and low surface energy. These films can support the higher albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio as compared to Ti alloys. They tend to suppress the platelet adhesion. Furthermore, F-DLC films exhibit better corrosion resistance and less cytotoxicity on their surfaces. It can be concluded that F-DLC films can improve the biocompatibility properties of Ti alloys.

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19

Donnadio, Anna, Valeria Ambrogi, Donatella Pietrella, Monica Pica, Giulia Sorrentino, and Mario Casciola. "Carboxymethylcellulose films containing chlorhexidine–zirconium phosphate nanoparticles: antibiofilm activity and cytotoxicity." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 46249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04151e.

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20

Rezvova, Maria A., Arseniy E. Yuzhalin, Tatiana V. Glushkova, Miraslau I. Makarevich, Pavel A. Nikishau, Sergei V. Kostjuk, Kirill Yu Klyshnikov, Vera G. Matveeva, Mariam Yu Khanova, and Evgeny A. Ovcharenko. "Biocompatible Nanocomposites Based on Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092158.

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In this study, we incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) to investigate the physical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite and its cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. CNTs were dispersed in chloroform using sonication following the addition of a SIBS solution at different ratios. The resultant nanocomposite films were analyzed by X-ray microtomography, optical and scanning electron microscopy; tensile strength was examined by uniaxial tension testing; hydrophobicity was evaluated using a sessile drop technique; for cytotoxicity analysis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on SIBS–CNTs for 3 days. We observed an uneven distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix with sporadic bundles of interwoven nanotubes. Increasing the CNT content from 0 wt% to 8 wt% led to an increase in the tensile strength of SIBS films from 4.69 to 16.48 MPa. The engineering normal strain significantly decreased in 1 wt% SIBS–CNT films in comparison with the unmodified samples, whereas a further increase in the CNT content did not significantly affect this parameter. The incorporation of CNT into the SIBS matrix resulted in increased hydrophilicity, whereas no cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells was noted. We suggest that SIBS–CNT may become a promising material for the manufacture of implantable devices, such as cardiovascular patches or cusps of the polymer heart valve.

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21

Ozeki, K., Hideyuki Aoki, and Y. Fukui. "Crystallization of Sputtered Hydroxyapatite Films by Hydrothermal Technique and Its Cytotoxicity." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.195.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto titanium substrates using radio frequency sputtering, and the coated HA films were crystallized in an autoclave at 110 °C using a low temperature hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, the Ca/P ratio, and the surface of the films were observed using XRD, EDS, and SEM, respectively. From the XRD patterns, a sputtered film after the hydrothermal treatment had crystallized after 24 h, and the Ca/P ratio decreased from 2.43 ± 0.07 to 1.75 ± 0.11. The growth rate of osteoblast cells was used for cell culture. Among control, titanium and hydrothermally treated film, there was no significant difference in the cell growth rate. However, the growth rate was suppressed on the as-sputtered film.

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22

Lou, Jia, Beibei Ren, Jie Zhang, Hao He, Zonglong Gao, and Wei Xu. "Evaluation of Biocompatibility of 316 L Stainless Steels Coated with TiN, TiCN, and Ti-DLC Films." Coatings 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081073.

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In this study, TiN, TiCN, and Ti-diamond-like carbon (Ti-DLC) films were coated on 316 L stainless steel (AISI 316 L) substrate surface by physical vapor deposition. The biocompatibility of the three films (TiN, TiCN, and Ti-DLC) and three metals (AISI 316 L, Ti, and Cu) was compared on the basis of the differences in the surface morphology, water contact angle measurements, CCK-8 experiment results, and flow cytometry test findings. The biocompatibility of the TiN and TiCN films is similar to that of AISI 316 L, which has good biocompatibility. However, the biocompatibility of the Ti-DLC films is relatively poor, which is mainly due to the inferior hydrophobicity and large amount of sp2 phases. The presence of TiC nanoclusters on the surface of the Ti-DLC film aggravates the inferior biocompatibility. Compared to the positive Cu control group, the Ti-DLC film had a higher cell proliferation rate and lower cell apoptosis rate. Although the Ti-DLC film inhibited cell survival to a certain extent, it did not show obvious cytotoxicity. TiN and TiCN displayed excellent performance in promoting cell proliferation and reducing cytotoxicity; thus, TiN and TiCN can be considered good orthodontic materials, whereas Ti-DLC films require further improvement.

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Zhang, Jingjing, Wenqiang Tan, Qing Li, Xiaorui Liu, and Zhanyong Guo. "Preparation of Cross-linked Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt Hydrogel Films Loading Drug of Gentamicin Sulfate for Antibacterial Wound Dressing." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090479.

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Hydrogels, possessing high biocompatibility and adaptability to biological tissue, show great usability in medical applications. In this research, a series of novel cross-linked chitosan quaternary ammonium salt loading with gentamicin sulfate (CTMCSG) hydrogel films with different cross-linking degrees were successfully obtained by the reaction of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (TMCS) and epichlorohydrin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure and surface morphology of CTMCSG hydrogel films. The physicochemical property, gentamicin sulphate release behavior, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity of the CTMCSG against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Experimental results demonstrated that CTMCSG hydrogel films exhibited good water stability, thermal stability, drug release capacity, as well as antibacterial property. The inhibition zone of CTMCSG hydrogel films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could be up to about 30 mm. Specifically, the increases in maximum decomposition temperature, mechanical property, water content, swelling degree, and a reduction in water vapor permeability of the hydrogel films were observed as the amount of the cross-linking agent increased. The results indicated that the CTMCSG-4 hydrogel film with an interesting physicochemical property, admirable antibacterial activity, and slight cytotoxicity showed the potential value as excellent antibacterial wound dressing.

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Recco, M. S., A. C. Floriano, D. B. Tada, A. P. Lemes, R. Lang, and F. H. Cristovan. "Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)/poly(3-thiophene ethyl acetate) blends as a electroactive biomaterial substrate for tissue engineering application." RSC Advances 6, no. 30 (2016): 25330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26747a.

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Polyblend films based on poly(3-hydroxybutirate-co-valerate) and poly(3-thiophene ethyl acetate) – PHBV/PTAcEt showed low cytotoxicity, good adhesion and mammalian cell proliferation. The physical–chemical properties were explored.

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Kania, Aneta, Piotr Nolbrzak, Adrian Radoń, Aleksandra Niemiec-Cyganek, and Rafał Babilas. "Effect of the Thickness of TiO2 Films on the Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Based Alloys." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051065.

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This article discusses the influence of the thickness of TiO2 films deposited onto MgCa2Zn1 and MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloys on their structure, corrosion behavior, and cytotoxicity. TiO2 layers (about 200 and 400 nm thick) were applied using magnetron sputtering, which provides strong substrate adhesion. Such titanium dioxide films have many attractive properties, such as high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These oxide coatings stimulate osteoblast adhesion and proliferation compared to alloys without the protective films. Microscopic observations show that the TiO2 surface morphology is homogeneous, the grains have a spherical shape (with dimensions from 18 to 160 nm). Based on XRD analysis, it can be stated that all the studied TiO2 layers have an anatase structure. The results of electrochemical and immersion studies, performed in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C, show that the corrosion resistance of the studied TiO2 does not always increase proportionally with the thickness of the films. This is a result of grain refinement and differences in the density of the titanium dioxide films applied using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The results of 24 h immersion tests indicate that the lowest volume of evolved H2 (5.92 mL/cm2) was with the 400 nm thick film deposited onto the MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloy. This result is in agreement with the good biocompatibility of this TiO2 film, confirmed by cytotoxicity tests.

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Henriques, Mariana, Maria Susano, Isabel Carvalho, Isabel Ferreri, Sandra Carvalho, and R. Oliveira. "Biological Properties of Ti-Si-C-O-N Thin Films." Journal of Nano Research 6 (June 2009): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.6.99.

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The main aim of this work was to study the feasibility of new coatings for medical devices. Ti-Si-C-O-N films were deposited by DC unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering, using different oxygen and nitrogen partial pressure ratios (pO2/pN2). Surface properties were also analysed. Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to study biofilm formation and cytotoxicity was determined using fibroblasts. Surface morphology changed with the increase of pO2/pN2. Samples of high hydrophobicity displayed opposite behaviour in terms of biofilm formation, presenting the highest and lowest biomass. Moreover, the sample with the highest Ti content was the one, with the lowest biofilm amount, raising the possibility of a correlation between Ti and biofilm formation capability. In fact, this sample also displayed the highest degree of cytotoxicity (near 35%). This work shows the feasibility of the proposed coatings and highlights the importance of joining together both biological properties (biofilm formation and cytotoxicity) with the surface characterization.

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F. B. de O. Correia, Rebeca, Aline G. Sampaio, Noala V. M. Milhan, Ariel Capote, Holger Gerdes, Kristina Lachmann, Vladimir J. Trava-Airoldi, Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito, and Ralf Bandorf. "Zn:DLC films via PECVD-HIPIMS: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity to mammalian cells." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41, no. 3 (May 2023): 033103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002354.

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DLC films were grown with Zn via a combined plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) process. The films were deposited on textiles in an atmosphere of Ar and C2H2, and the percentage of metal in the DLC was varied by controlling the acetylene gas flow. At first, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, a screening test with the ISO 22196 standard was carried out. Afterward, AATCC TM100:2019 was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of the films on textiles. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the coating was studied against a Gram-negative bacterium ( Escherichia coli), a Gram-positive bacterium ( Staphylococcus aureus), and a fungus ( Candida albicans), after a 24 h contact. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the samples to mammalian cells was evaluated by indirect contact. For this, the samples were soaked into the growth media for 1 and 7 days, and then, the extracts were collected and put in contact with keratinocytes for 24 h. Finally, the properties of the films were also evaluated as a function of the Zn content, such as their structural quality, morphology, hardness, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction. The films showed excellent results against all microorganisms, with 100% effectiveness in some cases. The pure extracts obtained from all the samples with the incorporation of metals were cytotoxic. Despite that, the cell viability after contact with some Zn-DLC diluted extracts (10%) was not different from that observed in the uncoated group. Besides, increasing the Zn content resulted in a film with poorer mechanical properties but did not affect the coefficient of friction of the coating.

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Sunthornpan, Narin, Shuichi Watanabe, and Nutthanun Moolsradoo. "Elements-Added Diamond-Like Carbon Film for Biomedical Applications." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6812092.

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Elements-added diamond-like carbon films for biomedical applications were investigated. The aim of this work was to study the effects of the elemental contents (silicon and silicon-nitrogen) in a DLC film on its properties for biomedical applications. Pure DLC, Si-DLC, and Si-N-DLC films were prepared from C2H2, C2H2 : TMS, and C2H2 : TMS : N2 gaseous mixtures, deposited on an AISI 316L substrate using the plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) technique. The structure of films was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The chemical composition of films was measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average surface roughness of films was measured by using a surface roughness tester. The hardness and elastic modulus of films were measured by using a nanoindentation hardness tester. The friction coefficient of films was determined using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The surface contact angle was measured by a contact angle measurement. The corrosion performance of each specimen was measured using potentiodynamic polarization. The biocompatibility property of films was conducted using the MTT assay cytotoxicity test. The results indicate that the Si-N-DLC film shows the best hardness and friction coefficient (34.05 GPa and 0.13, respectively) with a nitrogen content of 0.5 at.%N, while the Si-DLC film with silicon content of 14.2 at.%Si reports the best contact angle and corrosion potential (92.47 and 0.398 V, respectively). The Si-N-DLC film shows the highest cell viability percentage of 81.96%, which is lower than the uncoated AISI 316L; this is a considerable improvement. All specimens do not demonstrate any cytotoxicity with approximate viabilities between 74% and 107%, indicating good biocompatibilities.

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Abalymov, A. A., F. S. Fedorov, F. S. Fedorov, D. A. Gorin, and A. G. Nasibulin. "PROMISING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE CARBON NANOTUBE SUBSTRATES FOR CELL GROWTH MONITORING." BIOTECHNOLOGY: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES 1, no. 2022-20 (2022): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2022-20-68-70.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) films were tested for cytotoxicity and biocompatibility on Neuro-2A cells. Parameters such as survival, mortality and cell morphology were evaluated. The tests for the material sensitivity to a direct contact with cells were carried out.

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30

Wang, Yiyu, Xinyu Wang, Jian Shi, Rong Zhu, Junhua Zhang, and Zongrui Zhang. "Flexible silk fibroin films modified by genipin and glycerol." RSC Advances 5, no. 123 (2015): 101362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra19754f.

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31

Rangel, Elidiane C., Eduardo S. de Souza, Francine S. de Moraes, Eliana A. R. Duek, Carolina Lucchesi, Wido H. Schreiner, Steven F. Durrant, and Nilson C. Cruz. "Cell Adhesion to Plasma-Coated PVC." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/132308.

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To produce environments suitable for cell culture, thin polymer films were deposited onto commercial PVC plates from radiofrequency acetylene-argon plasmas. The proportion of argon in the plasmas, PAr, was varied from 5.3 to 65.8%. The adhesion and growth of Vero cells on the coated surfaces were examined for different incubation times. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using spectroscopic methods. Carbon, O, and N were detected in all the samples using XPS. Roughness remained almost unchanged in the samples prepared with 5.3 and 28.9% but tended to increase for the films deposited with PArbetween 28.9 and 55.3%. Surface free energy increased with increasing PAr, except for the sample prepared at 28.9% of Ar, which presented the least reactive surface. Cells proliferated on all the samples, including the bare PVC. Independently of the deposition condition there was no evidence of cytotoxicity, indicating the viability of such coatings for designing biocompatible devices.

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Naumenko, K. S., A. I. Ievtushenko, V. A. Karpyna, O. I. Bykov, and L. A. Myroniuk. "The Effect of Ag-Doping on the Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanostructures Grown on Ag/Si Substrates by APMOCVD." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 84, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.047.

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The search and development of new nanostructures and nanomaterials are very important for the progress of nanotechnology and modern microbiology. Due to the unique properties of silver and zinc oxide, these nanoparticles are the optimal basis for creating nanostructures with potential antiviral activity. An important issue in these studies is the establishment of cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles and their composites. Aim. To define the influence of substrate temperature and Ag concentration in ZnO lattice on the microstructure and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures. Methods. Pure and Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures were grown on Ag/Si substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method using a mixture of zinc acetylacetonate and silver acetylacetonate powders as a precursor. Argentum thin films were deposited on Si substrates by a thermal evaporation method. MTT-assay was used for the analysis of MDBK and MDCK cell viability in the definition of zinc oxide nanostructure cytotoxicity. Results. Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures were grown and characterized by X-ray diff raction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that Si substrate and pure zinc oxide do not inhibit the cell viability of both epithelial cultures whereas Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures inhibit the cell viability because of all-time exposure in a sample without dilution. The cytotoxic effect was not observed at higher dilutions for Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures. Conclusions. The investigation of the effect of Ag-doping on the morphology and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures is very important for implementing zinc oxide nanostructures into the current optoelectronics and photocatalysis.

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Saied, M. A., and K. N. Abdel Nour. "Preparation and characterization of PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites for antistatic and biomedical applications." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ace711.

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Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/Palm oil/ZnO nanocomposite films of concentrations 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 wt% were prepared by solution casting technique. Tween 80 was used as a surfactant. The prepared films were characterised by different techniques in addition to antimicrobial and cytotoxicity tests. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of fractured surfaces of the films showed that palm oil (PO) and Tween 80 enhanced ZnO NPs dispersion. An excess ZnO loading led to polymer saturation with ZnO NPs which accumulate on PMMA surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed SEM results as the crystallinity increased by ZnO NPs loading and decreased by excess loading. In addition, the presence of PO and Tween 80 enhanced thermal stability of pure PMMA and the optimum concentration is 0.5 wt% ZnO NPs. Further, the permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss (ε′′), and electrical conductivity (σ) were investigated. It was found that PO addition increased the values of ε′, ε′′, and σ of PMMA. Upon ZnO loading, these values increased up to 10 wt% ZnO NPs then decreased upon reaching 15 wt% ZnO NPs. The conductivity values revealed that the prepared nanocomposites can perform as antistatic materials for lower ZnO content and electrostatic dissipation application at 10 wt% ZnO. The antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies revealed that the prepared films are nontoxic and the antimicrobial properties of the films against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were enhanced by PO and ZnO NPs addition.

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Luangbudnark, Witoo, Jarupa Viyoch, Wiroon Laupattarakasem, Palakorn Surakunprapha, and Pisamai Laupattarakasem. "Properties and Biocompatibility of Chitosan and Silk Fibroin Blend Films for Application in Skin Tissue Engineering." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/697201.

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Chitosan/silk fibroin (CS/SF) blend films were prepared and evaluated for feasibility of using the films as biomaterial for skin tissue engineering application. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated chemical interaction between chitosan and fibroin. Chitosan enhancedβ-sheet conformation of fibroin and resulted in shifting of thermal degradation of the films. Flexibility, swelling index, and enzyme degradation were also increased by the chitosan content of the blend films. Biocompatibility of the blend films was determined by cultivation with fibroblast cells. All films showed no cytotoxicity by XTT assay. Fibroblast cells spread on CS/SF films via dendritic extensions, and cell-cell interactions were noted. Cell proliferation on CS/SF films was also demonstrated, and their phenotype was examined by the expression of collagen type I gene. These results showed possibility of using the CS/SF films as a supporting material for further study on skin tissue engineering.

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Wang, Hua-Jie, Yuan-Yuan Sun, Ying Cao, Xue-Hong Yu, Xiao-Min Ji, and Lin Yang. "Porous zinc oxide films: Controlled synthesis, cytotoxicity and photocatalytic activity." Chemical Engineering Journal 178 (December 2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.088.

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36

Mzyk, A., R. Major, J. M. Lackner, F. Bruckert, and B. Major. "Cytotoxicity control of SiC nanoparticles introduced into polyelectrolyte multilayer films." RSC Adv. 4, no. 60 (2014): 31948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03914a.

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Zhang, Xiaojuan, Wenbin Cai, Lingyun Hao, and Wei Zhang. "In Situ Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Cyanidin Hydrogel Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7510573.

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This study synthesized poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl chitosan/cyanidin (PVA/CMCS/CY) hydrogel films. First, PVA and CMCS were used to synthesize hydrogel films by ultraviolet irradiation. Meanwhile, CY was in situ combined into the hydrogel films through the electrostatic attraction between CMCS and CY. Next, the products were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, swelling analysis, and mechanical property test. The results revealed that compared with PVA/CMCS hydrogel films, the PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films had an interporous structure and good swelling and mechanical properties. Moreover, the drug release experiments demonstrated that the PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films had a CY encapsulation efficiency of 33.5% with a sustained CY release of up to 60 h. Furthermore, the examined antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the porous PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films exhibited a certain inhibition. Cell viability experiments demonstrated that the PVA/CMCS/CY films displayed no obvious cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

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Popovici, Violeta, Elena Matei, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Laura Bucur, Cerasela Elena Gîrd, Verginica Schröder, Emma Adriana Ozon, et al. "Evaluation of Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg Extract in Canola Oil Loaded in Bioadhesive Oral Films for Potential Applications in Oral Cavity Infections and Malignancy." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081601.

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Usnea lichens are known for their beneficial pharmacological effects with potential applications in oral medicine. This study aims to investigate the extract of Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg from the Călimani Mountains in canola oil as an oral pharmaceutical formulation. In the present work, bioadhesive oral films (F-UBO) with U. barbata extract in canola oil (UBO) were formulated, characterized, and evaluated, evidencing their pharmacological potential. The UBO-loaded films were analyzed using standard methods regarding physicochemical and pharmacotechnical characteristics to verify their suitability for topical administration on the oral mucosa. F-UBO suitability confirmation allowed for the investigation of antimicrobial and anticancer potential. The antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27353, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 were evaluated by a resazurin-based 96-well plate microdilution method. The brine shrimp lethality assay (BSL assay) was the animal model cytotoxicity prescreen, followed by flow cytometry analyses on normal blood cells and oral epithelial squamous cell carcinoma CLS-354 cell line, determining cellular apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity, nuclear condensation and lysosomal activity, oxidative stress, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. The results indicate that a UBO-loaded bioadhesive film’s weight is 63 ± 1.79 mg. It contains 315 µg UBO, has a pH = 6.97 ± 0.01, a disintegration time of 124 ± 3.67 s, and a bioadhesion time of 86 ± 4.12 min, being suitable for topical administration on the oral mucosa. F-UBO showed moderate dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of both bacterial and fungal strains. Moreover, in CLS-354 tumor cells, F-UBO increased oxidative stress, diminished DNA synthesis, and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. All these properties led to considering UBO-loaded bioadhesive oral films as a suitable phytotherapeutic formulation with potential application in oral infections and neoplasia.

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Doğan, E. E., P. Tokcan, M. E. Diken, B. Yilmaz, B. K. Kizilduman, and P. Sabaz. "Synthesis, Characterization and Some Biological Properties of PVA/PVP/PN Hydrogel Nanocomposites: Antibacterial and Biocompatibility." Advances in Materials Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2019-0015.

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AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to synthesize hydrogel based antibacterial, biocompatible and non-toxic wound dressing materials by solvent removal method usingpoly(vinylalcohol) (PVA), poly(vinylpyrolidone) (PVP) and nano pomegranate seed (PN).The morphology, swelling capacity, contact angle, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the synthesized films were determined. From the experimental findings, it was found that the PN particles were nano-sized, showed homogeneous and spherical distribution and improved the hydrophobic properties of the materials obtained by the addition of PN. And also, their swelling capacities were decreased with increased PN amount and all of the materials showed similar antibacterial activity, hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity.

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Kobayashi, Takaomi, Karla L. Tovar-Carrillo, Kazuki Nakasone, and Motohiro Tagaya. "Biopolymer Hydrogels Regenerated From Agave Tequilana Waste For Cytocompatable Materials." MRS Proceedings 1613 (2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.161.

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ABSTRACTAgave fibers were used to elaborate a transparent and flexible cellulose hydrogel films used as scaffold for tissue regeneration and tested by in vitro assays with NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. Using dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) system was possible to obtain cellulose solutions and hydrogel films were prepared by phase inverse method without cross-linker. The concentration of LiCl in the DMAc solution was varied from 4 to 12 wt% in the phase inversion process and then the cytotoxicity was tested for 14 days on the cultivation. The resultant hydrogel films showed better cytocompatibility than the PS dish used as control. The cell growing images showed that the hydrogel films with lower LiCl apparently contained ordered and aggregated fiber orientation. This comparison suggested that the segmental microstructure in the hydrogel films influenced fibroblast cells spreading. In addition, the agave hydrogel films displayed good stability without biodegradiation through the cell cultivation.

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Rodrigues, L. R., C. G. B. T. Dias, H. J. Ceragioli, A. C. D. Rodas, F. J. M. Monteiro, and Cecília A. C. Zavaglia. "FTIR Analysis and Cytotoxicity Test of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.768.

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Titanium dioxide is a material widely used in electronics industry and little explored in the biomedical area, which is the objective of this work. Nowadays one can find surgical instruments coated with thin films that have bactericidal properties when they are activated in the presence of ultraviolet light. For crystalline phase control TiO2was calcinated at 500°C. The crystallite mean size for sample calcinated at 500°C was 27nm. With the results of cytotoxicity it is possible to say that biomedical applications are possible. Electron microscopy images showed nanoparticles obtained by sol-gel process and the compounds were identified by FTIR analysis. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of anatase titania phase and X-ray diffraction showed this material to be composed of a crystalline phase. X-ray fluorescence identified chemical contaminants.

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Supanakorn, Goragot, Siriporn Taokaew, and Muenduen Phisalaphong. "Multifunctional Cellulosic Natural Rubber and Silver Nanoparticle Films with Superior Chemical Resistance and Antibacterial Properties." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030521.

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Composite films of natural rubber/cellulose fiber/silver nanoparticle were synthesized in a green route via the latex solution process. Hybrid cellulose filler containing carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose microfibers was used to facilitate facile and fast preparation and to improve mechanical strength to the composites, respectively. All the composites possessed a high tensile strength of ~120 MPa, a high heat resistance of nearly 300 °C, and more than 20% biodegradability in soil in two weeks. Chemical resistance and antibacterial activity of the composite was enhanced depending on sizes and concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The composites containing 0.033–0.1% w/w AgNPs retarded toluene uptake to less than 12% throughout 8 h, whereas the composite containing 0.067–0.1% w/w AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison, 50 nm-AgNPs presented higher antibacterial activities than 100 nm-AgNPs. In vitro cytotoxicity test assessed after incubation for 24 h and 48 h revealed that almost all AgNPs-composite films exhibited non/weak and moderate cytotoxicity, respectively, to HaCaT keratinocyte cells.

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Łopusiewicz, Łukasz, Emilia Drozłowska, Paulina Trocer, Mateusz Kostek, Mariusz Śliwiński, Marta H. F. Henriques, Artur Bartkowiak, and Peter Sobolewski. "Whey Protein Concentrate/Isolate Biofunctional Films Modified with Melanin from Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Seeds." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 3876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173876.

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Valorization of food industry waste and plant residues represents an attractive path towards obtaining biodegradable materials and achieving “zero waste” goals. Here, melanin was isolated from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds and used as a modifier for whey protein concentrate and isolate films (WPC and WPI) at two concentrations (0.1% and 0.5%). The modification with melanin enhanced the ultraviolet (UV) blocking, water vapor barrier, swelling, and mechanical properties of the WPC/WPI films, in addition to affecting the apparent color. The modified WPC/WPI films also exhibited high antioxidant activity, but no cytotoxicity. Overall, the effects were melanin concentration-dependent. Thus, melanin from watermelon seeds can be used as a functional modifier to develop bioactive biopolymer films with good potential to be exploited in food packaging and biomedical applications.

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Wang, Qiang Song, Xiang Li, and Yuan Lu Cui. "The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tetrandrine-Loading Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Film In Vitro." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.30.

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In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of tetrandrine-loading poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films were investigated in vitro. The surface characteristics of blank PLLA film and tetrandrine-loading PLLA films were examined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The ESCA data suggested that the tetrandrine-loading PLLA films became enriched with nitrogen atoms. The MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PLLA films with RAW264.7 cells. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the Griess colorimetric method. The gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6 were detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). These results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of tetrandrine-loading PLLA films might be the results from modulating the NO/iNOS pathway and inhibiting the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 in activated macrophages.

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Zhu, Chaoting, Danling Ye, Tianqi Zhou, Yashuang Cui, and Jianbing Yin. "High-Antimicrobial Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films on Bio-Based Poly(Ethylene Furanoate) Substrates for Food Packaging Application." Membranes 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020239.

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Thin films of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), with a thickness of around fifty nanometers were deposited on bio-based poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) substrates by radio-frequency sputtering. By optimizing the Ga concentration in the target, the optics, water vapor barrier and antibacterial properties of PEF/GZO composite films can be adjusted. The highest visible light transmittance of the samples was around 85.1%. Furthermore, by introducing some GZO films with typical concentrations, the water vapor barrier and antibacterial properties of PEF films were improved. The optimized water vapor permeability of PEF/GZO composite film was 5.3 × 10−12 g·m/m2·s·Pa, and the highest antibacterial rate can reach 99.85% after 4 h. By XPS analysis, the antibacterial mechanism in the samples is envisaged to be mainly due cytotoxicity of Ga ions. The above results indicate that PEF/GZO films have great potential in the field of antibacterial food packaging.

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Zhou, Huaijuan, Jinhua Li, Shanhu Bao, Donghui Wang, Xuanyong Liu, and Ping Jin. "The potential cytotoxicity and mechanism of VO2 thin films for intelligent thermochromic windows." RSC Advances 5, no. 129 (2015): 106315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22582e.

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Chuc-Gamboa, Martha Gabriela, Carolina María Cámara Perera, Fernando Javier Aguilar Ayala, Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado, Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez, Diana María Escobar-García, Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas, Neith Pacheco, and Julio San Román del Barrio. "Antibacterial Behavior of Chitosan-Sodium Hyaluronate-PEGDE Crosslinked Films." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031267.

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Chitosan is a natural polymer that can sustain not only osteoblast adhesion and proliferation for bone regeneration purposes, but it is also claimed to exhibit antibacterial properties towards several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, chitosan was modified with sodium hyaluronate, crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and both osteoblast cytotoxicity and antibacterial behavior studied. The presence of sodium hyaluronate and PEGDE on chitosan was detected by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. Chitosan (CHT) films with sodium hyaluronate crosslinked with PEGDE showed a better thermal stability than pristine hyaluronate. In addition, osteoblast cytocompatibility improved in films containing sodium hyaluronate. However, none of the films exhibit antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus while exhibiting low to mild activity against Salmonella typhimurion.

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Chen, Yu, Weipeng Lu, Yanchuan Guo, Yi Zhu, Haojun Lu, and Yuxiao Wu. "Superhydrophobic coatings on gelatin-based films: fabrication, characterization and cytotoxicity studies." RSC Advances 8, no. 42 (2018): 23712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04066d.

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Brunot, Céline, Laurence Ponsonnet, Christelle Lagneau, Pierre Farge, Catherine Picart, and Brigitte Grosgogeat. "Cytotoxicity of polyethyleneimine (PEI), precursor base layer of polyelectrolyte multilayer films." Biomaterials 28, no. 4 (February 2007): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.09.026.

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Matsumoto, Ryohei, Keisuke Sato, Kazuhide Ozeki, Kenji Hirakuri, and Yasuhiro Fukui. "Cytotoxicity and tribological property of DLC films deposited on polymeric materials." Diamond and Related Materials 17, no. 7-10 (July 2008): 1680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.02.027.

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