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1
Maijan, Pattarawadee, Nitinart Saetung, and Wisut Kaewsakul. "Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers." Solid State Phenomena 266 (October 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.266.172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.
2
Tonkov, D. N., M. I. Kobylyatskaya, E. S. Vasilyeva, A. V. Semencha, and V. E. Gasumyants. "Conductive properties of flexible polymer composites with different carbon-based fillers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2227, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2227/1/012022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper is devoted to the comparative study of conductive properties of three types of flexible polymer composites consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a matrix and graphite, graphene or single-walled carbon nanotubes as fillers. The dependences of the resistivity on the mass fraction of different fillers are measured and analyzed within the framework of the statistical percolation theory. The percolation parameters (the values of the percolation threshold and the critical exponent) are calculated for all studied composites. Their variation depending on the filler type is discussed, taking into account a geometric shape of filler particles and the nature of the conduction process in composites in the percolation range. The sensitivity of the resistivity of synthesized composites to axial deformation at different mass fraction of fillers is also investigated. Using graphite or graphene fillers is observed to result in a higher sensitivity compared to the carbon nanotubes filler. The highest value of the gauge factor is observed when using 23 mass.% graphene filler that indicates graphene/SBR composites to be most promising for creating strain sensors.
3
Bokobza, Liliane. "ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITES BASED ON NANOSPHERICAL PARTICLES AND CARBON NANOTUBES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.86983.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The reinforcement of elastomeric materials by addition of mineral fillers represents one of the most important aspects in the field of rubber science and technology. The improvement in mechanical properties arises from hydrodynamic effects depending mainly on the amount of filler and the aspect ratio of the particles and also on polymer–filler interactions depending on the surface characteristics of the filler particles and the chemical nature of the polymer. The past few years have seen the extensive use of nanometer-scale particles of different morphologies on account of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area that allow a considerable increase in mechanical properties even at very low filler loading. Among these nanoparticles, spherical particles (such as silica or titania) generated in situ by the sol-gel process and carbon nanotubes are typical examples of materials used as a nanosize reinforcing additive. Specific features of filled elastomers are discussed through the existing literature and through results of the author's research based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) filled with spherical silica or titania particles and on styrene–butadiene rubber filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes. The reinforcing ability of each type of filler is discussed in terms of morphology, state of dispersion (investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering), and mechanical and electrical properties. In addition, the use of molecular spectroscopies provides valuable information on the polymer–filler interface. Spherical silica and titania spherical particles are shown to exhibit two distinct morphologies, two different polymer–filler interfaces that influence the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The superiority of carbon nanotubes over carbon black for mechanical reinforcement and electrical conduction is mainly attributed to their large aspect ratio rather than to strong polymer–filler interactions. The use of hybrid fillers (carbon nanotubes in addition to carbon black or silica, for example) has been shown to give promising results by promoting an enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties with regard to each single filler.
4
Daud, Norlinda, and Robert A. Shanks. "Highly-filled hybrid composites prepared using centrifugal deposition." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 9 (December 1, 2014): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Natural composites of high filler content, such as nacre, a composite comprised of 95–99% w/w aragonite layers, have been of interest due to their hardness, strength and toughness. High filler content composites have been prepared synthetically, although due to viscosity and processing requirements, the filler content was limited compared with natural systems. In this paper we describe hybrid high filler content composites prepared to be biomimetic of nacre. Development of processing conditions increased the filler content from 50% w/w using a laboratory stirrer to obtain hybrid composites with 77–86% w/w filler content, prepared by centrifugal deposition and hot compression molding techniques. Both methods were very different from natural formation from layer-by-layer (LBL) construction, however, the composites formed were of high filler content approaching the level in nature. The composites exhibited high modulus and strength, although deformation at break was low, consistent with highly filled materials. Glass transition of the resin phase was increased slightly, while damping was decreased by filler content. Surface morphology of the fractured composite showed a layered structure of well dispersed fillers with minute voids scattered evenly, indicating that the composite was effectively compacted.
5
He, Yan, Hai Tao Li, and Lian Xiang Ma. "Thermal Conductivity of Nature Rubber Filled with Carbon Black." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thermal conductivities of two rubbers filled with different carbon black (N330 and N375) are measured by experiments, and compared with five theoretical models calculated results. It is shown that thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is obviously enhanced with increase of the volume filler fraction of carbon black and the thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is related to the microstructure and morphology of carbon black. The estimated thermal conductivities by using the model proposed in our previous paper are of the same variation as the experimental ones of N330 carbon/rubber and N375 carbon/rubber during the range of volume fraction from 2% to 20%.
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M. Nhoo, Hassanein, Raad M. Fenjan, and Ahmed A. Ayash. "STUDYING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADDITIVES ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPOXY-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, Special (September 20, 2021): 2–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.conf.2.2.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current paper deals with investigating the effect of two different fillers on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of epoxy-based composite. The filler used throughout the study are: charcoal and Pyrex, both of them are different in nature and have not been investigated thoroughly or even compared fairly in terms of their effect on polymer matrix. Further, they can be considered as a cheap filler, charcoal can be obtained from a simple pyrolysis process of plants (charcoal) and Pyrex waste can be collected easily. Both types are added to the selected matrix with volume percent ranged from 10 to 60 with increments of 10. To ensure a fair comparison, the particle size is fixed (is about 1.7 micrometer). The results showed that the epoxy thermal conductivity has enhanced by about two orders of magnitudes over the studied range of filler. In terms of mechanical properties, the charcoal improves the tensile strength about 84% at 60% volume fraction while the Pyrex effect is about 40% at the same filler level. On the contrast, the results of compressive strength do not show an appreciable improvement overall. It decreases by about 12% at 60% volume fraction of charcoal while increases about the same percent with Pyrex at the same filler level.
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Erofeev, Vladimir, Dmitriy Gubanov, Andrey Bogatov, and Alexey Bulgakov. "Frame Polymerbetons Based on Fillers of Different Nature." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, the frame composite materials have been developed greatly at the production introduction level. The manufacturing technology of these materials is carried out in two stages: first, large aggregates are glued into the frame, and second, the porous frame voids are impregnated with the matrix component. In this article, we studied the various aggregates’ effect on the polymer concrete frame structures properties using epoxy binders. The materials based on the quenched cullet, brickbats, granite and limestone crushed stone, and the polymer granules were considered as large aggregates. The studied properties were the strength and elastic modulus. Quantitative dependences of compressive and bending strength, elastic modulus of frame composites on the aggregate type and other prescription factors are obtained. Using the methods of mathematical experimental planning, the optimal particle size distribution for the composites with grains from quenched cullet was selected. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using industrial wastes in polymer concrete compositions: polymer granules, quenched cullet and brickbats. Used glass makes up about 10% of the household waste. Its reuse is usually associated with high capital costs allocated for sorting glass by color, removing stones and other impurities. Glass grinding allows to get a fine-grained filler and aggregate. Strength and deformation characteristics of the matrix compositions, frameworks and composites as a whole are determined.
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Efremov, N. Y., O. A. Oreshina, and V. D. Mushenko. "Research of Hardness of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Silicone and Aluminium Hydroxide with Various Mechanical-Chemical Processing." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polymer composites are one of the types of modern functional materials. This class includes many different in structure and field of application materials, including dispersed-filled polymer composites [1]. Such materials are made by mixing a polymer matrix in a fluid state with a powder filler and then curing. The properties of the resulting materials are influenced by a variety of factors, including the nature of the preliminary (prior to addition to the mixture with the polymer) mechanical-chemical processing of the filler.
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Firoozian, P., H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Md Akil Hazizan, and Ahmad Md Noor. "Influences and Properties of Various Activated Carbon and Carbon Black Filled in Epoxy Composite." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports the investigation on the flexural properties of activated carbon filled epoxy composites. The Comparison of the properties between different sources of activated carbon, are illustrated. It has to be disposed safely or used for recovery of valuable materials as agricultural wastes like bamboo stem, coconut shell and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB). Therefore these wastes have been explored for the preparation of activated carbon and carbon black employing chemical activation by H3PO4 and physical activation, respectively. The effect of pyrolysis and chemical activation on the activated carbon filled epoxy composite properties including mechanical (flexural strength), 5 % percent of carbon filler and Scan Electron Microscope SEM micrograph were analyzed. These determined the interaction between activated carbon filled epoxy composite. This study is to compare the effect of the nature of the different types of fillers on the epoxy composites material properties. The microstructures of the farcture surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were formed during the different preparation stages.
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Blanchard, Anthony, Fabrice Gouanvé, and Eliane Espuche. "Influence of the Graphene Filler Nature on the Morphology and Properties of Melt Blended EVOH Based Nanocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) nanocomposites elaborated by melt blending with four different fillers were investigated. Two graphene and two graphite fillers displaying various shapes were selected. The morphology, microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the nanocomposite films prepared for 2 wt% fillers were analyzed with the aim to establish structure–function properties relationships. The nanocomposites properties significantly depended on the nature of the incorporated filler. The nanocomposite film prepared with the expanded graphite filler exhibited the highest Young modulus value (E = 1430 MPa) and the best barrier properties. Indeed, barrier properties, rarely studied at high water activities, evidenced a significant improvement with a decrease of the water vapor permeability by a factor 1.8 and of the oxygen permeabilities by a factor close to 2, for a critical water activity higher than 0.95. An increase of the thermal stability was also evidenced for this nanocomposite. It was shown that for all studied nanocomposites, the properties could be related to the dispersion state of the fillers and the simultaneous increase of the crystallinity of the matrix. A specific equation was proposed to take into account these both parameters to accurately predict the nanocomposite barrier properties.
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Raja, R. Satheesh, K. Manisekar, and V. Manikandan. "Effect of Carbon Black and Fly Ash Fillers on Tensile Properties of Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fibre reinforced polymer composites play an incredible role in almost all spheres of day to day life and the field of carbon composites is one of the prime research area in recent decade. Polymers are mostly reinforced with fibre or fillers to obtain better mechanical properties. The properties of the polymer composites can be improved largely by varying the type of filler/fibre materials and its volume percentage. Composites properties depend on the size, shape and other physical properties of the reinforcements. A relative easy way to improve the mechanical properties of a polymer is the addition of filler materials. In all particulate filled systems, the adhesion between the matrix and filler plays a significant role in determining the key properties such as strength and toughness. The mechanical properties of composites are also influenced by the filler’s nature, size and distribution profile, aspect ratio, volume fraction, the intrinsic adhesion between the surfaces of filler and polymer. In this paper, the effect of filler material on mechanical properties of E-Glass fibre reinforced polymer has been studied out by varying filler materials. For these study three different types of specimens were prepared, viz FRP without filler material, the FRP with 10 volume percentages of carbon black and the FRP with 10 volume percentage of Fly ash as filler material. The polyester composites were fabricated by hand-layup method. Mechanical properties of the specimens are analyzed using computerized Universal Testing Machine as per ASTM D 638 standards. The resulting behavioral patterns of the FRP with filler material are listed and compared to those of the FRP without filler material. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio and percentage reduction in area were found out.
12
Kim, Jin Bong, Sang Kwan Lee, and Chun Gon Kim. "Comparison of Carbon-Based Nano Materials as Conductive Fillers for Single Layer Microwave Absorber." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we have studied the permittivities of E-glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates containing three different types of carbon-based nano conductive fillers such as carbon black (CB), carbon nano fiber (CNF) and multi-wall carbon nano tube (MWNT). The measurements were performed for permittivities at the frequency band of 0.5 GHz ~ 18.0 GHz using a vector network analyzer with a 7 mm coaxial air line. The experimental results show that the complex permittivities of the composites depend strongly on the natures and concentrations of the conductive fillers. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities of the composites were proportional to the filler concentrations. But, depending on the types of fillers and frequency band, the increasing rates of the real and imaginary parts with respect to the filler concentrations were all different. At the frequency of 10 GHz, the rates in the CNF filled composite and the MWNT filled composite were much larger then those of the CB filled composite. Between the CNF filled composite and MWNT filled composite, however, the former showed a little higher increasing rates than the other. These different rates can have great effect on the thickness in designing the single layer microwave absorbers. The effect of the different rates was examined by using Cole-Cole plots; the plot is composed of a single layer absorber solution line and permittivity lines of these three types of composites.
13
Kuram, Emel. "UV and thermal weathering of green composites: Comparing the effect of different agricultural waste as fillers." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 24 (June 23, 2020): 3683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320936344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In general, agricultural waste (residue) is left to nature or employed as fuel material in houses. However, such use of agricultural waste adversely affects the environment. To reduce the negative impact of agricultural waste on the environment, it can be utilized as natural filler in thermoplastic composites owing to its cellulosic structure. This research aims to determine ultraviolet (UV) and thermal ageing of natural fiber reinforced composites to investigate their potential of using in outdoor applications. Therefore, five kinds of agricultural waste were employed as natural fillers for fabricating polypropylene (PP) based composites in current research. Sunflower seed husk (dakota and white type), pumpkin seed husk, pistachio shell and hazelnut shell were utilized as natural fillers. Tensile behaviour of natural flour filled PP composites was characterized by a brittle failure. Though the natural fillers reduced the tensile and impact strength of pure PP, the mechanical properties were still acceptable for some applications and lower cost of natural filled PP composites made them feasible. It was concluded that sunflower seed husk (dakota and white type), pumpkin seed husk, pistachio shell and hazelnut shell flour filled PP composites could compete with pure PP when flexural strength was taken into consideration. Thus, more environmentally friendly composites with good flexural strength were developed. It was found that the influence of UV and thermal ageing on mechanical properties was not detrimental. In general, dakota type sunflower seed husk flour reinforcement gave the best mechanical properties among the natural composites, thus indicating better stress transfer.
14
Suberlyak, Oleh, Oleksandr Hrytsenko, and Khrystyna Hishchak. "Synthesis of new conducting materials on the basis of polymer hydrogels." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2008): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.02.099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The new conducting polymer hydrogels on the basis of co-polymers of hydroxyethylenemethacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone with different nature non-organic fillers have been developed. The dependence of obtained materials electric characteristics on synthesis conditions, quantity and nature of powder filler, moisture content, ambient temperature and magnetic field action have been determined. The possibility of obtaining materials with anisotropic and unidirectional conductivity as well as the wide range of conductivity, which changes with moisture and ambient temperature, has been considered in this work
15
Eggers, H., and P. Schummer. "Reinforcement Mechanisms in Carbon Black and Silica Loaded Rubber Melts at Low Stresses." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract For a range of different fillers, silicas and carbon blacks, added to a rubber melt at various concentrations, dynamic moduli in the linear viscoelastic limit have been determined. It is shown that reinforcement is due to hydrodynamic effects and the formation of a secondary particulate structure within the rubber matrix. Both mechanisms can be distinguished experimentally by a frequency sweep. Hydrodynamic reinforcement depends on the filler volume to which immobilized polymer must be added. Its concentration dependence is well described by the semiempirical exponential Thomas Equation. Nominal and effective filler loadings are related by concentration-independent effectiveness factors which can be modelled for all types of fillers considering an immobilized layer of constant height around an agglomerated cluster of filler particles. This provides an explanation for the well-known dependence of reinforcement ability on surface area at small stresses. The chemical and microscopic structure of the filler surface appears to be less important with respect to immobilization ability in the linear viscoelasic regime. The secondary structure formed by the particles is found to be tied together by the elastomer. Its modulus correlates with the filler's immobilization ability and shows little dependence on the filler nature. Due to formation of a filler-polymer structure with individual relaxation times, a strict separability of hydrodynamic and interparticular-reinforcement mechanisms at very high loadings no longer applies.
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BARRA, BRENO, LETO MOMM, YADER GUERRERO, and LIEDI BERNUCCI. "Characterization of granite and limestone powders for use as fillers in bituminous mastics dosage." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 2 (June 2014): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses the importance of studies on materials known as fillers from different mineral origins, used in asphalt mixes, specifically in the formulation of mastics. The research was carried out on samples of limestone and granite rock filler and asphalt binder (50/70). The samples were evaluated through semiquantitative chemical analyses by X-ray fluorescence, granulometry by low angle laser emission, scanning electron microscopy, softening point tests, penetration tests, and aggregate-asphalt binder and aggregate-mastic adhesion tests. The results highlighted convergent trends, indicating that the active behavior of the fillers in the mastic formulation is not related to the size of the particles, but rather to their form, surface texture, specific surface area and mineralogical nature, allowing the filler activity concept to be divided into two components: physical (hardening) and chemical (adhesion).
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Nagaraja, Sriharish Malebennur, Sven Henning, Sybill Ilisch, and Mario Beiner. "Common Origin of Filler Network Related Contributions to Reinforcement and Dissipation in Rubber Composites." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comparative study focusing on the visco–elastic properties of two series of carbon black filled composites with natural rubber (NR) and its blends with butadiene rubber (NR-BR) as matrices is reported. Strain sweeps at different temperatures are performed. Filler network-related contributions to reinforcement (ΔG′) are quantified by the classical Kraus equation while a modified Kraus equation is used to quantify different contributions to dissipation (ΔGD″, ΔGF″). Results indicate that the filler network is visco-elastic in nature and that it is causing a major part of the composite dissipation at small and intermediate strain amplitudes. The temperature dependence of filler network-related reinforcement and dissipation contributions is found to depend significantly on the rubber matrix composition. We propose that this is due to differences in the chemical composition of the glassy rubber bridges connecting filler particles since the filler network topology is seemingly not significantly influenced by the rubber matrix for a given filler content. The underlying physical picture explains effects in both dissipation and reinforcement. It predicts that these glassy rubber bridges will soften sequentially at temperatures much higher than the bulk Tg of the corresponding rubber. This is hypothetically due to rubber–filler interactions at interfaces resulting in an increased packing density in the glassy rubber related to the reduction of free volume. From a general perspective, this study provides deeper insights towards the molecular origin of reinforcement and dissipation in rubber composites.
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Vaikuntam, Sankar Raman, Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran, Fei Xiang, Sven Wießner, Gert Heinrich, Amit Das, and Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber. "Friction, Abrasion and Crack Growth Behavior of In-Situ and Ex-Situ Silica Filled Rubber Composites." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article focuses on comparing the friction, abrasion, and crack growth behavior of two different kinds of silica-filled tire tread compounds loaded with (a) in-situ generated alkoxide silica and (b) commercial precipitated silica-filled compounds. The rubber matrix consists of solution styrene butadiene rubber polymers (SSBR). The in-situ generated particles are entirely different in filler morphology, i.e., in terms of size and physical structure, when compared to the precipitated silica. However, both types of the silicas were identified as amorphous in nature. Influence of filler morphology and surface modification of silica on the end performances of the rubbers like dynamic friction, abrasion index, and fatigue crack propagation were investigated. Compared to precipitated silica composites, in-situ derived silica composites offer better abrasion behavior and improved crack propagation with and without admixture of silane coupling agents. Silane modification, particle morphology, and crosslink density were identified as further vital parameters influencing the investigated rubber properties.
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Ladouce-Stelandre, Laurence, Yves Bomal, Lionel Flandin, and Dominique Labarre. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Precipitated Silica Filled Rubber: Influence of Morphology and Coupling Agent." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Composites that incorporate precipitated silica into a vulcanized rubber were investigated for dynamic mechanical properties. Comparing different types of filler, it was found that the mean distance between particles did not alter Payne effect. On the contrary, the amount and morphology of the fillers played a major role on the macroscopic properties. The nature and amount of coupling or covering agents was also found to be an important parameter. A direct relationship between length and efficiency of interface agents was evidenced: longer silanes were more effective than shorter once independently from a covalent bounding to rubber. The set of studied parameters affecting Payne effect can be reduced to only two independents variables: the total amount of silica-rubber interface (a function of the amount of filler and its BET surface) and the quantity and nature of interface agent. From these data an attempt to relate the rubber to filler cohesion to Payne effect is proposed as well as a molecular mechanism derived from Maier and Göritz model. A mathematical treatment of the proposed mechanisms is currently being investigated that might help giving further insights on novel ways to further reduce Payne effect.
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Mazurek, Grzegorz, and Marek Iwański. "Modelling the critical concentration of mixed filler in mastic with synthetic wax." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926205008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the results of tests of mastic containing mixed filler (limestone dust/hydrated lime) and Fisher-Tropsch synthetic wax. Synthetic wax content was controlled up to 3% (w/w). The ratio of filler in the bitumen was from 0.5 to 3 (w/w), with hydrated lime content of up to 30% w/w. The rheological properties of different mastic compositions were determined with a rheometer equipped with two parallel plates at 60°C using oscillating load. The primary purpose of the article was to determine the nature of mastic stiffness changes in the context of using hydrated lime and synthetic wax as the filler. Consequently, the article proposes a method for evaluation of the critical value of the filler phase in the phase of bitumen modified with synthetic wax. The proposed model of the mathematical function was used to determine the nature of mastic structuring throughout the range of the experiment. The model was also used to determine the critical concentration of the filler in the bitumen phase. It was demonstrated that below the critical filler concentration the mastic behaved in a significantly different manner from the behaviour observed above this critical concentration. When the critical concentration of the filler was exceeded, it resulted in an excessive increase of mastic stiffness, which was considered in the model.
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Ahad, Nor Azwin, Fatin Zalila Rozali, Nurul Husna Rosli, Nur Idzwan Hafizi Hanif, and Noraziana Parimin. "Oil and Water Absorption Behavior of TPU/Natural Fibers Composites." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fruit skins are waste and natural fibers which are processed from it can be used as filler material in polymer composites. These natural fibers are surely inexpensive, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. In the other hand, natural fibers are chemically hydrophilic and absorb water. Their nature which are rich cellulose making it hydrophilic in nature. Besides their nature to water, the ability of natural fibers to absorb oil also interesting to be studied. In this paper, natural fibers from several types of fruit skin were used as filler in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The fibers from pineapple skin, coconut shell, coconut husk, corn cob, rambutan, mangoesteen and banana with the percentage of 15% and 20% were incorporated with TPU through melt mixing technique. Every type of natural fiber will absorb oil and water at different rate, as well as the effect of filler content in the composite. Overall, the absorption of water and oil increased its percentage when the filler content increases. Rambutan, pineapple and banana absorb more water than others at 20% filler content in the TPU. Pineapple and rambutan also tend to absorb more engine oil.
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Nizamov, Rashit, and Lyailya Abdullovna Abdrakhmanova. "Influence of Fillers on Polyvinyl Chloride Materials Thermal Resistance." Materials Science Forum 871 (September 2016): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.871.84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Innovative materials and structures are analyzed in this paper. Multicomponent formulation of polyvinyl chloride materials containing various functional additives requires assessment of their influence on polymer stability while processing and operating. According to the nature, particulate fillers widely used in plasticized and liquid compositions based on polyvinyl chloride may have different impact on thermal resistance of materials. This paper presents the study of organic and nonorganic dispersed waist as filler in polyvinyl chloride formulation and determines key parameters of their influence on thermal resistance of composition. Polyvinyl chloride stabilization course by means of polyfunctional fillers-modifiers in different mechanisms, such as: chemical stabilization – chloride hydride acceptance, replacement of chlorine labile atom in polymer macromolecule, adjoining conjugated defective ethylenic bonds, recombination macroradicals and physical stabilization – chloride hydride sorbing, reduction of mechanical destruction by oiling, etc. have been considered. Contribution into stabilization course in various mechanisms depending on chemical nature, dispersion rate and mineral content of fillers is evaluated.
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Brunella, Valentina, Beatrice Gaia Rossatto, Domenica Scarano, and Federico Cesano. "Thermal, Morphological, Electrical Properties and Touch-Sensor Application of Conductive Carbon Black-Filled Polyamide Composites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polyamide 66 (PA66) is a well-known engineering thermoplastic polymer, primarily employed in polymer composites with fillers and additives of different nature and dimensionality (1D, 2D and 3D) used as alternatives to metals in various technological applications. In this work, carbon black (CB), a conductive nanofiller, was used to reinforce the PA66 polymer in the 9–27 wt. % CB loading range. The reason for choosing CB was intrinsically associated with its nature: a nanostructured carbon filler, whose agglomeration characteristics affect the electrical properties of the polymer composites. Crystallinity, phase composition, thermal behaviour, morphology, microstructure, and electrical conductivity, which are all properties engendered by nanofiller dispersion in the polymer, were investigated using thermal analyses (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry), microscopies (scanning electron and atomic force microscopies), and electrical conductivity measurements. Interestingly, direct current (DC) electrical measurements and conductive-AFM mapping through the samples enable visualization of the percolation paths and the ability of CB nanoparticles to form aggregates that work as conductive electrical pathways beyond the electrical percolation threshold. This finding provides the opportunities to investigate the degree of filler dispersion occurring during the transformation processes, while the results of the electrical properties also contribute to enabling the use of such conductive composites in sensor and device applications. In this regard, the results presented in this paper provide evidence that conductive carbon-filled polymer composites can work as touch sensors when they are connected with conventional low-power electronics and controlled by inexpensive and commercially available microcontrollers.
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Sirenko, H. O., L. M. Soltys, V. P. Svidersky, and I. V. Sulyma. "The Effect of Nature and Parameters of Particle Size Distribution of Graphite on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polimer Composites based on Aromatic Poliamide." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.17.4.611-620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The resultsof studies of the effect of nature and parameters of particle size distribution of graphite on physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites based on aromatic polyamide fenіlon C-2. The particle size of the filler and polymer for the theoretical gamma-distribution parameters (perimeter, thickness and diameter) have different values. Found the influence of fillers (natural graphite different bands), which differed ash content (5-15% and 0,05-2,5%), moisture and grinding fineness (dispersion) on the wear resistance of the samples of the polymer composite. There is non-linear connectionbetween the intensity and parameters graphite particles distribution.
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Hayeemasae, Nabil, Ajaman Adair, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi, Patiwarada Jitsopin, and Abdulhakim Masa. "Influence of Sepiolite Addition Methods and Contents on Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.2.140-148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of sepiolite loadings (1-10 phr) and sepiolite addition procedures (mill and latex mixing approaches) on properties improvement of natural rubber composites was investigated. The viscosity, curing behavior, and tensile test were used to assess the property changes whereas the rubber-filler interactions was confirmed by using stress relaxation, swelling, Mooney-Rivlin and rheological methods. It was found that the characteristics of rubber composites influenced by both mixing methods and filler contents. Comparing between two different mixing methods, the slower stress relaxation rate and less swelling capability were achieved from mill mixing technique. This method also lowered the strain where the upturn of stress was occurred as suggested by Mooney-Rivlin plot. The greater properties enhancement of composites was obtained from milling method because of the better rubber-filler interactions, probably as a result of the nature of filler used. The greatest tensile strength improvement was achieved at 1 phr sepiolite loading where the smallest damping characteristics (tan ????) indicating the highest elastic behavior were obtained as revealed by rheological measurements. The simplicity of production and shortened step of milling procedure would be more favorable than the latex mixing approach for fabrication sepiolite filled rubber composites.
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Susteric, Zoran, and Tomaz Kos. "Rheological Idiosyncrasies of Elastomer/Clay Nanocomposites." Applied Rheology 18, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 54894–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2008-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Rheological properties of elastomeric nanocomposites with organically modified Montmorillonite clays, as possible replacements or supplements to classical active fillers, such as carbon black or silica, have been intensively studied in recent years. Possessing large specific surface areas acquired through the melt-mixing processes of elastomeric intercalation and subsequent filler exfoliation, the clay particles have indeed proved to be highly eligible reinforcing and thermally stabilizing ingredients for application in elastomers. In fact, their performance has shown to be in many respects superior to that of classical fillers, particularly owing to some unusual, though beneficial, exhibited properties. Namely, apart from uncommonly high surface activity, manifested by creation of a host of van der Waals type secondary linkages with elastomer molecules, the main curiosity of clay filler is its dissipative action. Using dynamic mechanical functions under different deformational and temperature conditions, as means for rheological characterization of nanocomposites, the foregoing nano-scale traits are clearly reflected in substantial stiffness at low strains and, unexpectedly, dwindling energy loss with increasig filler content and/or decreasing temperature. Besides, rheological analysis of this kind, together with appropriate theoretical grounds, has enabled elucidation of peculiar conduct, as well as macroscopic insight into the very nature of secondary interactions in elastomers.
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MYSHAK, V. D., V. V. SEMINOG, and N. V. KOZAK. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE FILLER SURFACE ON THE PROPERTIES OF HYBRID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON EPOXY OLIGOMER." Polymer journal 43, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.43.03.190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the chemical nature of the filler surface on the properties of hybrid organo-inorganic nanocomposites based on epoxy oligomer ED-20 in the presence of nanoscale functional filler of inorganic origin - aerosil, with different surface nature. The influence of the chemical nature of the surface of highly dispersed aerosil on the thermal properties of nanocomposites based on epoxy oligomer ED-20 has been studied. The peculiarities of the process of thermooxidative destruction have been studied. It is shown that the introduction of highly dispersed aerosil in the amount of 0.5% in the epoxy matrix does not lead to changes in the thermal properties of composites, and the nanofiller in the amount of 5% improves thermal stability of composites. The kinetics of the curing process of epoxy nanocomposites was studied by IR-spectroscopy. The influence of the presence of functional groups on the nanofiller surface on rate and the degree of conversion of epoxy groups was determined. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of A-300 contributes to the rate of conversion of epoxy groups to a greater extent, compared with aerosil with a modified surface, which contains on the surface methyl groups capable of blocking reactive groups. It is established that the rate of conversion of epoxy groups in the presence of aerosil decreases in the range of ED-20 > ED-20 + A-300 > ED-20 + AM-300. The sorption properties of epoxy nanocomposites have been studied. It is established that the sorption process proceeds at a higher rate when the matrix is filled with unmodified aerosil. The mechanism of influence of the chemical nature of the filler surface and content on formation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites is discussed.
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Chandrappa, Dr Ravi Kumar, and Mrs Sakshi S. Kamath. "The Egg shell as a filler in composite materials - a review." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 4, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2020.4.4.335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current focus is on Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites with its advantages being eco-friendly in nature, high strength to weight ratio, being bio-degradable and naturally available when compared to its counterpart; synthetic fibres which is non-biodegradable, expensive and hazardous in nature. The strength of the natural fibre composites is further enhanced by different types of additives which includes fillers, flame retardants, silanes, coupling agents and so on. One such additives, in role is egg shell powder which greatly influences the strength of natural fibre composites and thus, gains the attention of researches for its incorporation in composite fabrication. The work is in progress with respect to utilizing waste egg shell in composite fabrication, which not only finds solution to discard this waste, but also enhances the strength of composites manufactured. This work is the compilation of work done by different researchers with egg shell in composites, so that the need of its utilization in the same will be clearer with its advantages with respect to achieving greater mechanical strength and wear resistant property and thereby it could be continued to be used as filler during composite production.
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Leluk, Karol, Stanisław Frąckowiak, Joanna Ludwiczak, Tomasz Rydzkowski, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. "The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.
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Kuznetsov, Nikita M., Sergey I. Belousov, Natalya P. Bessonova, and Sergey N. Chvalun. "ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SUSPENSIONS BASED ON POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE FILLED WITH HALLOYSITE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rheological behavior at 20 °С of electrorheological fluids based on silicone oil filled with halloysite nanotubes with different water content was studied. Flow and viscosity curves, storage and loss moduli were measured using a cylinder-cylinder rotary viscometer. The frequency dependences of electrical conductivity and dielectric loss tangent were obtained by dielectric spectroscopy. When an electric field is applied to the samples, their rheological behavior changes - the values of the yield stress increase. In this case, the viscosity curves exhibit an elastic behavior at low shear stresses and exhibit a Newtonian flow when the yield point is overcome. The frequency dependences of the storage and loss moduli confirm the results obtained on the flow curves. The electric field intensity influence on the magnitude of the electrorheological effect was also investigated. The effect of water presence on electrorheological and electrophysical properties was shown. Electrorheological fluid with a small amount of water exhibits a better response to the electric field application, as evidenced by higher values of the yield stresses in comparison with the sample containing drained filler. The small water content does not have a strong effect on the electrical conductivity of the systems under study, but its presence significantly changes the form of the dielectric loss tangent - the contribution of the electrical conductivity to the relaxation processes is significant, and the nature of the relaxation transitions changes due to the different polarizabilities of the wet and dried filler. This work demonstrates the prospects of using nanoscaled fillers with a high aspect ratio as the dispersed phase for electrorheological fluids.Forcitation:Kuznetsov N.M., Belousov S.I., Bessonova N.P., Chvalun S.N. Electrorheological behavior of suspensions based on polydimethylsiloxane filled with halloysite. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 41-47
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Stacer, R. G., E. D. von Meerwall, and F. N. Kelley. "Time-Dependent Tearing of Carbon Black-Filled and Strain Crystallizing Vulcanizates." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract 1. Unstable tearing can be minimized and tear-tip diameter held reasonably constant for carbon black-filled and strain-crystallizing vulcanizates using a constrained trouser tear testpiece first suggested by Gent and Henry. In the absence of these complicating features, the tear energy has been shown to be thermo-rheologically simple, readily lending itself to time-temperature superposition over a broad range of temperatures and rates. 2. Shift factors used to superpose tear energy data at different temperatures for both filled and unfilled SBR also superposed small deformation stress-relaxation data. This result did not hold for the NR formulations tested, indicating that the temperature dependency of the principal viscoelastic process is different for these properties. Evidence of this was observed in the thermal expansion coefficient, a, derived from the WLF coefficients, which increased by a factor of 10 for tear energy data. It is concluded that even with the tear path constrained, strain-induced crystallization still occurs near the tear tip for the NR formulations. 3. Temperature-reduced tear energy master curves for both filled and unfilled vulcanizates showed the same general tear behavior when referenced to Tg. At high rates or low temperatures, the master curves coincide, approaching a characteristic tear energy of approximately 50 kJ/m2, regardless of formulation. Only at lower rates did the different nature of the rubbers become apparent. All the master curves showed evidence of a tear energy plateau between −15 and −10 decades in rate, with the NR compounds showing the lowest slopes in this region. 4. Addition of filler increases the tear energy by approximately 20–40% over most of the master curves. This supports a previous conclusion of Gent and Henry that the major effect of reinforcing filler is to dissipate energy over a larger volume of material without significantly increasing inherent strength. Addition of filler also tended to mask the plateau in the tear energy master curve and decrease both the free volume at Tg and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material.
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Villarias, Joann A., Miguel Lorenzo H. Yorro, Mitch Irene Kate N. Galvan, and Leslie Joy L. Diaz. "High Purity Silica Nanoparticles from Geothermal Waste Brine as Reinforcing Filler in Rubber Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 894 (March 2017): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extraction of high purity silica nanoparticles from geothermal waste brine was studied as potential reinforcement for rubber. Properties of both as-received geothermal silica (AGS) and upgraded geothermal silica nanoparticles (UGS) were compared to the commercially-acquired precipitated silica (CPS). By X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, AGS was found to have 58.19% Si content that was upgraded to 99.46% Si content (UGS). CPS, AGS and UGS were confirmed to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction analysis. Aggregate particles around ~100-300 nm were determined for CPS and UGS while AGS has around ~350-500 nm through Particle Size Analysis (PSA). Electron micrographs show that primary particles are around ~28-34 nm and ~40-65 nm in size for CPS and WGS, respectively. These differences resulted in the different properties of rubber filled with the three types of silica fillers. Mainly, due to the differences in particle sizes, the compound bearing AGS showed lower Mooney viscosity at (6 MU difference), faster curing at (0.4 min difference) and lower tensile modulus (about 1 MPa difference). Use of UGS showed improvements in the resulting rubber properties with the different parameters being comparable in value to those of the reference compound. Utilization of AGS and UGS will be beneficial both to the rubber and power industries – the former for its low-cost nature and potential as reinforcing filler in rubber compounds and the latter by resolving waste-handling problem in geothermal setting.
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Mudasir, Maryam, and Riaz Ahmed. "Investigations of Non-Linear Viscoelastic Properties for Polypropylene/Clay-Nanocomposites through Melt Flow Birefringence and Damping Function." Key Engineering Materials 778 (September 2018): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.778.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rheological investigations are reported for pure polypropylene and its clay-nanocomposites to establish viscoelastic properties and filler concentration relationship. Flow birefringence is performed through a slit-die to obtain centerline principal stress difference during extensional flow. The centerline stress profile of clay-nanocomposite revealed additional viscoelastic nature even at low silicate concentrations whereas no exceptional strain hardening was reported. Effects of higher filler concentrations are further examined during the simple shearing flow to consider non-linear viscoelasticity in terms of damping function. The increase in damping coefficient with increasing clay concentration shows polymer-nanocomposites are more strain sensitive. The Wagner's exponential damping function could adequately describe the time-strain separability at all clay concentrations studied. The results of both investigations reveal that the polymers are time-strain separable at all clay concentrations studied during elongational and simple shearing flows, whereas filler orientations are found to be different for different melt flow behavior.
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Rios-Soberanis, Carlos Rolando, Shuchi Wakayama, Takenobo Sakai, José de los Ángeles Rodriguez-Laviada, and Emilio Pérez-Pacheco. "Manufacture of Partially Biodegradable Composite Materials Based on PLA-Tires Powder: Process and Characterization." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/514951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research work focuses on the processability and mechanical characterization of blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and tire (elastomeric part). Wasted tires used as filler in the PLA matrix were reduced by two different processes (thermal shock and pyrolysis) in order to acquire the solid residuals in powder to be characterized and compared. Elastomeric solids obtained from scraped tires were used as filler in the PLA matrix and mixed in a Brabender 60 cc mixer at different concentrations ranging from 0% to 60% of filler volume fraction. The blend was laminated, and then samples were obtained in order to undertake mechanical properties at tension and Izod impact tests. A fully detailed analysis on the solid powders by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared analysis (IR), and scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) identified them as a rich source of carbon. Blends were characterized thermally and mechanically showing a direct effect due to the tire nature (thermoset rubber) and concentration. Fracture mechanisms were also identified.
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Movilla-Quesada, Diana, Angel Vega-Zamanillo, Miguel Angel Calzada-Pe´rez, and Daniel Castro-Fresno. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MASTIC BEHAVIOUR USING DIFFERENT FILLERS BASED ON THE UCL METHOD." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 2 (April 18, 2013): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.734848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research demonstrates that the use of suitable amounts of calcium hydroxide as an additive in asphalt mixtures can improve the aggregate-bitumen adhesion, forming a bituminous mixture which is more resistant to traffic loads and the action of water. The analysis was performed using the UCL method and the Cantabrian Test, taking as a case study three types of filler with different natures, mixed with 4.5% bitumen. The results are presented as state curves, which show clear differences between the three fillers, demonstrating that the hydroxide suffers small wear losses in concentrations close to 1.3%, indicating a significant reduction in the risk of plastic deformation, and an improvement in the mixture durability and/or adhesiveness.
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Fragata, A., and R. Veiga. "Air Lime Mortars: The Influence of Calcareous Aggregate and Filler Addition." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many historical buildings with renders based in air lime still exist in Portugal. These old mortars have proved to be durable and reliable materials. However, new lime mortars prepared nowadays to be used in conservation practice, often present low strength in comparison with cement mortars. This paper presents a study of the viability of improving the performance of lime mortars through the use of different nature aggregates (Tagus River siliceous sand and crushed calcareous sand) as well as different size distributions, varying the filler contents. For that purpose a set of mortars with volumetric proportion of 1:3 (lime:aggregate), using siliceous sand from Tagus river or calcareous sand and including different volume percentages of aggregate replacement by filler (0% of incorporation, 5% of incorporation, 10% of incorporation), were prepared. An evaluation of the main characteristics of this set of mortars was made in terms of: i) hygric behaviour (water absorption by capillarity), and ii) mechanical resistance (flexural and compressive strength and elastic modulus). This study aims to assess the viability and possible advantages of using calcareous aggregate in lime mortars and to evaluate the possibility of improving characteristics through a better compaction obtained by the incorporation of different ratios of filler.
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Vinodhini, Jennifer, Mohan Kumar Pitchan, Shantanu Bhowmik, Gion Andrea Barandun, and Pierre Jousset. "Effect of different filler reinforcement on poly-ether-ether-ketone based nanocomposites for bearing applications." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 29 (June 30, 2020): 4709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320936749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the effect of dispersion of nanofiller reinforcement high performance polymer matrix to enhance the thermo-mechanical properties for bearing application. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix is reinforced with acid fucntionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( f-MWCNTs) and similar matrix was then reinforced with nano tungsten carbide (nano WC) to comparatively present their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. The Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding method followed by injection moulding technique. The PEEK/ f-MWCNT s nanocomposite exhibited better property enhancement than the PEEK/nano WC. Spectroscopical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of improved interfacial adhesion between PEEK and f-MWCNTs. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) micrograph depicted improved dispersion of f-MWCNTs in PEEK matrix than that of nano WC. Due to improved interfacial interaction between f-MWCNT s and PEEK, this resulting nanocomposite showed better mechanical, thermal and morphological properties than PEEK/nano WC. Due to ceramic nature of nano WC and higher density difference the agglomeration of particles occurred leading to lower properties.
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Daminato, Eva, Giulio Bianchini, and Valerio Causin. "New Directions in Aesthetic Medicine: A Novel and Hybrid Filler Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Lactose Modified Chitosan." Gels 8, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fillers based on crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) are becoming increasingly important in the field of aesthetic medicine, for example for treating wrinkles or for volumizing purposes. However, crosslinking agents are usually associated with toxicity and adverse reactions. The aim of this study is the development of an innovative technology to manufacture high performance HA-based fillers using minimal amounts of crosslinking agent. In this work, new fillers based on HA, functionalized with different amounts of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) (degree of modification ranging between 3.5% and 8.8%) and formulated with a lactose modified chitosan (CTL), were investigated. The relative quantities of these polymeric building blocks in the formulations were 20–25 and 5 mg/mL for HA and CTL, respectively. Due to its cationic nature, CTL could interact with the anionic HA and enhance the elastic properties of the filler. Fillers manufactured with this novel technology (HACL-CTL) were characterized and compared with several fillers available in the market. In particular, resistance against hyaluronidase, swelling, cohesivity and rheological properties were investigated. Cohesivity, resistance to hydrolysis and swelling of HACL-CTL were comparable to commercial products. However, HACL-CTL fillers showed excellent elastic performance that reached 94% of elasticity in response to shear stresses. Surprisingly, these fillers also showed a resistance to compression higher than that of currently marketed products, making them very promising for their lifting effect.
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Abdelghany, A. M. "Structural and physical studies of PVC/PVDF doped Nano lithium salt for electrochemical applications." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 13, no. 3 (March 29, 2017): 4718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v13i3.5817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
 AbstractPolymer blend of poly (vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) of nominal composition (30PVC/70PVDF) wt:wt were prepared in the form of thin films using casting technique. Samples of the same composition doped with gradient concentration of nano lithium salt (LTO) were prepared and studied. Proposed filler was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis. optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron diffraction (ED). Obtained data approve the crystalline nano structure of filler with a cubic structure of average size (25-30 nm). Prepared nano composites were then investigated using different spectroscopic methods. XRD reveals the amorphous nature of the base polymer blend with tendency for increase in crystallinity with increasing the content of lithium salt. FTIR shows a preservation of the main vibrational spectral bands in their position with small variation in the area and intensity of some spectral bands related to the interaction between polymer and filler.
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Hayeemasae, Nabil, and Hanafi Ismail. "Curing and swelling kinetics of new magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber/waste natural rubber gloves composites." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 51, no. 7-8 (October 14, 2018): 583–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318803987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article proposes a new type of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) based on natural rubber (NR) and waste natural rubber gloves (wNRg) blends. The material properties of the MRE samples were investigated with specific focus on the curing and swelling kinetics. Two different series were prepared; the first used carbonyl iron (CI) as the single filler in the MRE, whereas the second hybridized CI with carbon black (CB) to prepare an MRE resistant to solvents. The results show that most properties depend strongly on the nature of both fillers. The higher thermal conductivity of the CI caused a substantial decrease in both the scorch and curing times and the activation energy in the curing process. Based on the diffusion study, a higher volume of fillers in the rubber composites resulted in a greater area of blockage and restricted the penetration of the solvent tested throughout the composites, irrespective of whether CI alone or in combination with CB was used in the composites.
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Irekti, Amar, and B. Bezzazi. "Rheological Study of Composite Materials Based on Thermosetting Matrix and Fillers Mineral." Key Engineering Materials 550 (April 2013): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.550.79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the development of composites materials, the matrix acts as a binder of different reinforcements can distribute the stress, provide good resistance to chemical structure and the desired shape to the final product. But there are still some drawbacks that arise in the physicochemical and mechanical properties of thermosetting matrices. Our job is to synthesize composite materials with news formulations of thermosetting matrices (Granitex products) by the incorporation of 40% of local mineral fillers. The latter give the matrix properties which it does not have, first, to reduce the cost of composite materials, and secondly, to improve implementation by increasing the viscosity and reducing the withdrawal to its minimum value. Rheological testing of mixtures prepared is made on the cone-plate viscometer, or the sample undergoes a shear in the conical space between the plane and the cone. The geometry of the cone - package ensures constant velocity gradient throughout the volume. The rheograms obtained, represents the evolution of the shear stress as a function of shear rate of resin mixtures containing 35% of mineral filler (pozzolan). The mineral filler increases significantly in rheological parameters, whatever the nature of the mineral filler. Compared to the control without charges, an increase of 60% of the shear stress and that of plastic viscosity were recorded for the epoxy resin. The software Rheowine viscometer, enabled us to model and identified the rheological behavior of these mixed with resin. The results obtained in this modeling, confirmed that the resin mixtures have shear-thinning rheological behavior and their behavior follows the model of the Ostwald of Waele.
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Carsi, Marta, Maria J. Sanchis, Clara M. Gómez, Sol Rodriguez, and Fernando G. Torres. "Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Films of carrageenan (KC) and glycerol (g) with different contents of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) were prepared by a solution casting process. The molecular dynamics of pure carrageenan (KC), carrageenan/glycerol (KCg) and KCg with different quantities of CHWs as a filler was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The analysis of the CHW effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition, Tg, indicates that non-attractive intermolecular interactions between KCg and CHW occur. The fragility index increased upon CHW incorporation, due to a reduction in the polymer chains mobility produced by the CHW confinement of the KCg network. The apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg slightly increased with the CHW content. The filler nature effect, CHW or montmorillonite (MMT), on the dynamic mobility of the composites was analyzed by comparing the dynamic behavior of both carrageenan-based composites (KCg/xCHW, KCg/xMMT).
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Jamail, N. A. M., M. A. M. Piah, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Hanafiah Kamarden, and Qamarul Ezani Kamarudin. "Application of PDC Analysis to Identify Effect of Electrical Tracking on Conductivity of LLDPE-NR Nanocomposite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polymeric nanocomposites are widely used for high voltage outdoor insulating application due to their good electrical performance. Recently, SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofillers are being used as filler because there are listed as main nanofiller commonly used in electrical engineering. Natural rubber (NR) was used because the nature of the interphase is found to affect viscoelasticity and it develops several interphases with the Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix. One of the problems associated with outdoor polymeric insulators is tracking of the surface which can directly influence the reliability of the insulator. This paper presents the outcome of an experimental study to determine the conductivity level of the LLDPE-NR compound, filled with different amount of SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofiller using Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement technique. LLDPE and NR with the ratio composition of 80:20 were selected as a base polymer. Results show that different compositions as well as the surface physical conditions affect the PDC measurement results.
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MARTYNІUK, Galyna, and Olena AKSIMENTYEVA. "INFLUENCE OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FILLER ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MICROHARDNESS OF COMPOSITES WITH DIELECTRIC POLYMERIC MATRICES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called “smart-materials” or “intellectual” materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Conductive conjugated polymers–polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action–exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvatochromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, the microhardness as a material strength characteristic. The composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of the conductive polymers dispersed in the polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as a conductive polymer filler on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybuthyl methacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA–РАNi and ED-20−РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA–РАNi at the contents of the filler 5−20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.
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Martyniuk, G. V., and O. I. Aksimentyeva. "Influence of conductive polymer filler on electrical conductivity and microhardness of composites with dielectric polymeric matrices." Chernivtsi University Scientific Herald. Chemistry, no. 818 (2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/chem-2019-818-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called "smart-materials" or "intellectual" materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Сonductive conjugated polymers - polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action - exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvachromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, of microhardness as a material strength characteristic. Composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of conductive polymers dispersed in polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as an conductive polymer filler оn on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polybuthylmethacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA – РАNi and ED-20 - РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA– РАNi at the contents of the filler 5-20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.
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Voznesensky, A. S., and L. K. Kidima-Mbombi. "Formation of synthetic structures and textures of rocks when simulating in COMSOL Multiphysics." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 6, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2021-2-65-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rock texture and structure play an important role in the formation of the rock physical properties, and also carry information about their genesis. The paper deals with the simulation of geometric shapes of various structures and textures of rocks by the finite-element method (FEM). It is carried out by programmed detailing of the element properties and their spatial location in the simulated object. When programming structures, it is also possible to set the physical properties of various parts of the model, grids, initial and boundary conditions, which can be changed in accordance with the scenarios for numerical experiments. In this study, on the basis of FEM, simulation of various structures and textures of rocks with inclusions and disruptions was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics in conjunction with Matlab. Such structures are used to conduct computer generated simulations to determine physical properties of geomaterials and study the effect on them of agents of various physical nature. The building of several models was considered: a rock specimen with inclusions in the form of ellipses of equal dimensions with different orientations; a sandstone specimen containing inclusions with high modulus of elasticity in cement matrix when deforming; a limestone specimen with fractures filled with oil and saline water when determining its specific electrical resistance. As an example of a fractured structure analysis, the influence of the filler on the electrical resistance of the limestone specimen containing a system of thin elliptical predominantly horizontal fractures was considered. The change in the lines of current flow at different ratios between the matrix and the fracture filler conductivities and their effect on the effective (averaged) conductivity of the rock specimen was clearly demonstrated. The lower conductivity of the fracture filler leads to increasing the length and decreasing the cross-section of the current flow lines that, in turn, leads to significant decrease in the conductivity of the fractured rock specimen. The higher filler conductivity results in a slight increase in the conductivity of the fractured specimen compared to that of the homogeneous isotropic specimen. The resulting structures can be used for numerical experiments to study physical properties of rocks.
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Goncharov, V. M., and D. V. Ershov. "Possibility of Using Nanodispersed Fillers of Different Nature in Elastomer Composites." International Polymer Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0803500107.
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Tahir, M. Hijaaj, A. Arshad, and Habib Ullah Manzoor. "Influence of corona discharge on the hydrophobic behaviour of nano/micro filler based silicone rubber insulators." Materials Research Express 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5b04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Silicone rubber is one of the most used outdoor insulation materials in the last few decades due to its improved performance in contaminated and humid conditions. The improved performance of silicone rubber insulators is due to their hydrophobic nature, however, the organic nature of silicone molecules makes them vulnerable to ageing and degradation. This paper aims at investigating the loss and recovery of hydrophobicity of four different silicone rubber micro/nanocomposites exposed to corona discharge. The samples were exposed to corona discharge generated by pin-plate electrode configuration under AC stress. A series of tests were performed to observe the impact of different electrode-sample gaps and for various periods of corona exposure. The hydrophobicity of samples was measured pre and post corona exposures at various intervals up to 72 h. This time could confirm the hydrophobicity recovery process. Numerical simulations were also performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate the electric fields along the sample surface at different electrode gaps. Experimental results showed that samples recovery time was proportional to the duration of exposure to corona discharge and inversely proportional to the electrode-sample gap. Among all, samples with 2.5% nano-silica as additive showed better hydrophobicity recovery. Simulation results showed that an increase in electrode gap resulted in decreased electric field intensity, hence supporting the experimental outcomes.
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Dharmendra, B. V., S. Vivek, P. Ramu, T. Srinivasan, G. Suresh, C. M. Meenakshi, and R. Lavanya. "Static investigation of roselle waste powder reinforced bio polymer composite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Today the entire research community is looking for sustainable materials. In that process, more research is going on to utilize the natural materials as binders, fillers, reinforcement etc., to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties without affecting the nature. Numerous amount of research is carried out various regions of the world on the usage of pine, sisal, hemp, bagasse, jute, bamboo, coir as reinforcement. This study focuses on the utilization of agro waste like Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) as reinforcement material in epoxy LY 556 matrix along with different volume percentage of natural filler to form a unique bio based composite material. The composite specimens were fabricated by vacuum bag moulding method. The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimen at different compositions is studied. The maximum mechanical properties were observed for the composite with 30:70 volume percentage Hibiscus sabdariffa with epoxy resin added composition. From the results we can conclude the composite developed using Roselle powder and LY 556 epoxy would be very good alternate for various light weight material applications.
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Dutta, N. K., N. Roy Choudhury, B. Haidar, A. Vidal, J. B. Donnet, L. Delmotte, and J. M. Chezeau. "High-Resolution Solid State NMR Investigation of the Filler-Rubber Interaction: Part III. Investigation on the Structure and Formation Mechanism of Carbon Gel in the Carbon Black-Filled Styrene—Butadiene Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 260–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This investigation describes the elastomer—filler interaction and its formation mechanism using solid state high-resolution, high-speed 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Pulsed NMR measurements were carried out on pure styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and solvent extracted carbon gels from freshly prepared and storage matured master batches. The effects of filler loading, storage maturation, severity of extraction and experimental temperature on the elastomer-filler interaction were examined and discussed. High resolution in NMR was achieved by higher temperature/low spinning rate, room temperature/high spinning and combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy (CRAMPS) techniques. High-speed magic-angle spinning (MAS) was found to be the most suitable method to achieve high resolution. Proton spin—spin relaxation time, T2, was measured successfully for each of the principal resonance species present in the samples. These measurements reveal an insight into the site-specific nature of the polymer—filler interaction. The relative immobilization of the dynamics of different protons, due to the presence of carbon black filler, and their temperature dependence evidence that the main chain vinyl proton is the most significantly immobilized one compared to the aromatic and methylene species. The effects of storage maturation and severity of extraction on the dynamics of the conformational jump have also been discussed. This work clearly demonstrates the importance of unsaturation on the bound rubber formation. It also provides first direct physical evidence confirming the hypothesis that bound rubber variation during the storage maturation is due to slow progressive replacement of short rubber chains by larger ones.