Статті в журналах: "Filamentous phage"

1

Barbas, S. M., and C. F. Barbas. "Filamentous phage display." Fibrinolysis 8 (January 1994): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-9499(94)90722-6.

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2

Cairns, Johannes, Sebastián Coloma, Kaarina Sivonen, and Teppo Hiltunen. "Evolving interactions between diazotrophic cyanobacterium and phage mediate nitrogen release and host competitive ability." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (December 2016): 160839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160839.

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Interactions between nitrogen-fixing (i.e. diazotrophic) cyanobacteria and their viruses, cyanophages, can have large-scale ecosystem effects. These effects are mediated by temporal alterations in nutrient availability in aquatic systems owing to the release of nitrogen and carbon sources from cells lysed by phages, as well as by ecologically important changes in the diversity and fitness of cyanobacterial populations that evolve in the presence of phages. However, ecological and evolutionary feedbacks between phages and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are still relative poorly understood. Here, we used an experimental evolution approach to test the effect of interactions between a common filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium ( Nodularia sp.) and its phage on cellular nitrogen release and host properties. Ecological, community-level effects of phage-mediated nitrogen release were tested with a phytoplankton bioassay. We found that cyanobacterial nitrogen release increased significantly as a result of viral lysis, which was associated with enhanced growth of phytoplankton species in cell-free filtrates compared with phage-resistant host controls in which lysis and subsequent nutrient release did not occur after phage exposure. We also observed an ecologically important change among phage-evolved cyanobacteria with phage-resistant phenotypes, a short-filamentous morphotype with reduced buoyancy compared with the ancestral long-filamentous morphotype. Reduced buoyancy might decrease the ability of these morphotypes to compete for light compared with longer, more buoyant filaments. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria–phage interactions to affect ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and planktonic community dynamics.

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3

Chibani, Cynthia Maria, Robert Hertel, Michael Hoppert, Heiko Liesegang, and Carolin Charlotte Wendling. "Closely Related Vibrio alginolyticus Strains Encode an Identical Repertoire of Caudovirales-Like Regions and Filamentous Phages." Viruses 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121359.

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Many filamentous vibriophages encode virulence genes that lead to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria. Most genomes of filamentous vibriophages characterized up until today were isolated from human pathogens. Despite genome-based predictions that environmental Vibrios also contain filamentous phages that contribute to bacterial virulence, empirical evidence is scarce. This study aimed to characterize the bacteriophages of a marine pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus (Kiel-alginolyticus ecotype) and to determine their role in bacterial virulence. To do so, we sequenced the phage-containing supernatant of eight different V. alginolyticus strains, characterized the phages therein and performed infection experiments on juvenile pipefish to assess their contribution to bacterial virulence. We were able to identify two actively replicating filamentous phages. Unique to this study was that all eight bacteria of the Kiel-alginolyticus ecotype have identical bacteriophages, supporting our previously established theory of a clonal expansion of the Kiel-alginolyticus ecotype. We further found that in one of the two filamentous phages, two phage-morphogenesis proteins (Zot and Ace) share high sequence similarity with putative toxins encoded on the Vibrio cholerae phage CTXΦ. The coverage of this filamentous phage correlated positively with virulence (measured in controlled infection experiments on the eukaryotic host), suggesting that this phage contributes to bacterial virulence.

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4

Faruque, Shah M., Iftekhar Bin Naser, Kazutaka Fujihara, Pornphan Diraphat, Nityananda Chowdhury, M. Kamruzzaman, Firdausi Qadri, Shinji Yamasaki, A. N. Ghosh та John J. Mekalanos. "Genomic Sequence and Receptor for the Vibrio cholerae Phage KSF-1Φ: Evolutionary Divergence among Filamentous Vibriophages Mediating Lateral Gene Transfer". Journal of Bacteriology 187, № 12 (15 червня 2005): 4095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.12.4095-4103.2005.

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ABSTRACT KSF-1Φ, a novel filamentous phage of Vibrio cholerae, supports morphogenesis of the RS1 satellite phage by heterologous DNA packaging and facilitates horizontal gene transfer. We analyzed the genomic sequence, morphology, and receptor for KSF-1Φ infection, as well as its phylogenetic relationships with other filamentous vibriophages. While strains carrying the mshA gene encoding mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) type IV pilus were susceptible to KSF-1Φ infection, naturally occurring MSHA-negative strains and an mshA deletion mutant were resistant. Furthermore, d-mannose as well as a monoclonal antibody against MSHA inhibited infection of MSHA-positive strains by the phage, suggesting that MSHA is the receptor for KSF-1Φ. The phage genome comprises 7,107 nucleotides, containing 14 open reading frames, 4 of which have predicted protein products homologous to those of other filamentous phages. Although the overall genetic organization of filamentous phages appears to be preserved in KSF-1Φ, the genomic sequence of the phage does not have a high level of identity with that of other filamentous phages and reveals a highly mosaic structure. Separate phylogenetic analysis of genomic sequences encoding putative replication proteins, receptor-binding proteins, and Zot-like proteins of 10 different filamentous vibriophages showed different results, suggesting that the evolution of these phages involved extensive horizontal exchange of genetic material. Filamentous phages which use type IV pili as receptors were found to belong to different branches. While one of these branches is represented by CTXΦ, which uses the toxin-coregulated pilus as its receptor, at least four evolutionarily diverged phages share a common receptor MSHA, and most of these phages mediate horizontal gene transfer. Since MSHA is present in a wide variety of V. cholerae strains and is presumed to express in the environment, diverse filamentous phages using this receptor are likely to contribute significantly to V. cholerae evolution.

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5

Chopin, Marie-Christine, Annette Rouault, S. Dusko Ehrlich, and Michel Gautier. "Filamentous Phage Active on the Gram-Positive Bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.7.2030-2033.2002.

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ABSTRACT We present the first description of a single-stranded DNA filamentous phage able to replicate in a gram-positive bacterium. Phage B5 infects Propionibacterium freudenreichii and has a genome consisting of 5,806 bases coding for 10 putative open reading frames. The organization of the genome is very similar to the organization of the genomes of filamentous phages active on gram-negative bacteria. The putative coat protein exhibits homology with the coat proteins of phages PH75 and Pf3 active on Thermus thermophilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. B5 is, therefore, evolutionarily related to the filamentous phages active on gram-negative bacteria.

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6

Campos, Javier, Eriel Martínez, Edith Suzarte, Boris L. Rodríguez, Karen Marrero, Yussuan Silva, Talena Ledón, Ricardo del Sol та Rafael Fando. "VGJφ, a Novel Filamentous Phage of Vibrio cholerae, Integrates into the Same Chromosomal Site as CTXφ". Journal of Bacteriology 185, № 19 (1 жовтня 2003): 5685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.19.5685-5696.2003.

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ABSTRACT We describe a novel filamentous phage, designated VGJφ, isolated from strain SG25-1 of Vibrio cholerae O139, which infects all O1 (classical and El Tor) and O139 strains tested. The sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that VGJφ has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as CTXφ of V. cholerae and Ff phages of Escherichia coli. The conserved region carries 10 open reading frames (ORFs) coding for products homologous to previously reported peptides of other filamentous phages, and the distinctive region carries one ORF whose product is not homologous to any known peptide. VGJφ, like other filamentous phages, uses a type IV pilus to infect V. cholerae; in this case, the pilus is the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. VGJφ-infected V. cholerae overexpresses the product of one ORF of the phage (ORF112), which is similar to single-stranded DNA binding proteins of other filamentous phages. Once inside a cell, VGJφ is able to integrate its genome into the same chromosomal attB site as CTXφ, entering into a lysogenic state. Additionally, we found an attP structure in VGJφ, which is also conserved in several lysogenic filamentous phages from different bacterial hosts. Finally, since different filamentous phages seem to integrate into the bacterial dif locus by a general mechanism, we propose a model in which repeated integration events with different phages might have contributed to the evolution of the CTX chromosomal region in V. cholerae El Tor.

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7

Bulssico, Julián, Irina PapukashvilI, Leon Espinosa, Sylvain Gandon, and Mireille Ansaldi. "Phage-antibiotic synergy: Cell filamentation is a key driver of successful phage predation." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): e1011602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011602.

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Phages are promising tools to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and as for now, phage therapy is essentially performed in combination with antibiotics. Interestingly, combined treatments including phages and a wide range of antibiotics lead to an increased bacterial killing, a phenomenon called phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS), suggesting that antibiotic-induced changes in bacterial physiology alter the dynamics of phage propagation. Using single-phage and single-cell techniques, each step of the lytic cycle of phage HK620 was studied in E. coli cultures treated with either ceftazidime, cephalexin or ciprofloxacin, three filamentation-inducing antibiotics. In the presence of sublethal doses of antibiotics, multiple stress tolerance and DNA repair pathways are triggered following activation of the SOS response. One of the most notable effects is the inhibition of bacterial division. As a result, a significant fraction of cells forms filaments that stop dividing but have higher rates of mutagenesis. Antibiotic-induced filaments become easy targets for phages due to their enlarged surface areas, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Adsorption, infection and lysis occur more often in filamentous cells compared to regular-sized bacteria. In addition, the reduction in bacterial numbers caused by impaired cell division may account for the faster elimination of bacteria during PAS. We developed a mathematical model to capture the interaction between sublethal doses of antibiotics and exposition to phages. This model shows that the induction of filamentation by sublethal doses of antibiotics can amplify the replication of phages and therefore yield PAS. We also use this model to study the consequences of PAS on the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A significant percentage of hyper-mutagenic filamentous bacteria are effectively killed by phages due to their increased susceptibility to infection. As a result, the addition of even a very low number of bacteriophages produced a strong reduction of the mutagenesis rate of the entire bacterial population. We confirm this prediction experimentally using reporters for bacterial DNA repair. Our work highlights the multiple benefits associated with the combination of sublethal doses of antibiotics with bacteriophages.

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8

Lin, Nien-Tsung, Tzu-Jun Liu, Tze-Ching Lee, Bih-Yuh You, Ming-Haw Yang, Fu-Shyan Wen, and Yi-Hsiung Tseng. "The Adsorption Protein Genes of Xanthomonas campestris Filamentous Phages Determining Host Specificity." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 8 (April 15, 1999): 2465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.8.2465-2471.1999.

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ABSTRACT Gene III (gIII) of φLf, a filamentous phage specifically infecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, was previously shown to encode a virion-associated protein (pIII) required for phage adsorption. In this study, the transcription start site for the gene and the N-terminal sequence of the protein were determined, resulting in the revision of the translation initiation site from the one previously predicted for this gene. For comparative study, the gIII of φXv, a filamentous phage specifically infecting X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of these two pIIIs exhibit a high degree of identity in their C-terminal halves and possess the structural features typical of the adsorption proteins of filamentous phages: a signal sequence in the N terminus, a long glycine-rich region near the center, and a hydrophobic membrane anchorage domain in the C terminus. The regions between gIII and the upstreamgVIII, 128 nucleotides in both phages, are larger than those of other filamentous phages. A hybrid phage of φXv, consisting of the φLf pIII and all the other components derived from φXv, was able to infect X. campestris pv. campestris but notX. campestris pv. vesicatoria, indicating thatgIII is the gene specifying host specificity and demonstrating the interchangeability of the pIIIs.

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9

Ploss, Martin, and Andreas Kuhn. "Kinetics of filamentous phage assembly." Physical Biology 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/7/4/045002.

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10

Nakasone, Noboru, Yasuko Honma, Claudia Toma, Tetsu Yamashiro, and Masaaki Iwanaga. "Filamentous Phage fs1 ofVibrio choleraeO139." Microbiology and Immunology 42, no. 3 (March 1998): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02277.x.

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11

McCafferty, John, Andrew D. Griffiths, Greg Winter, and David J. Chiswell. "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains." Nature 348, no. 6301 (December 1990): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348552a0.

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12

Karlsson, Fredrik, Ann-Christin Malmborg-Hager, Ann-Sofie Albrekt, and Carl A. K. Borrebaeck. "Genome-wide comparison of phage M13-infected vs. uninfectedEscherichia coli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-113.

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To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. Genome-wide comparison of phage M13-infected and uninfected E. coli, 2 and 20 min after infection, was performed. The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. Ten of the 12 host genes affected could be grouped into 3 different categories based on cellular function, suggesting a coordinated response. The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. No genes belonging to any known E. coli stress response pathways were scored as upregulated. Furthermore, phage infection led to significant downregulation of transcripts of the bacterial genes gadA, gadB, hdeA, gadE, slp, and crl. These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. The phage-infected cells demonstrated impaired function of the oxidative and the glutamate-dependent acid resistance systems. Thus, global transcriptional analysis and functional analysis revealed previously unknown host responses to filamentous phage infection.Key words: filamentous phage infection, global transcriptional analysis, AR, Escherichia coli.

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13

Campos, Javier, Eriel Martínez, Yovanny Izquierdo та Rafael Fando. "VEJφ, a novel filamentous phage of Vibrio cholerae able to transduce the cholera toxin genes". Microbiology 156, № 1 (1 січня 2010): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.032235-0.

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A novel filamentous bacteriophage, designated VEJφ, was isolated from strain MO45 of Vibrio cholerae of the O139 serogroup. A molecular characterization of the phage was carried out, which included sequencing of its whole genome, study of the genomic structure, identification of the phage receptor, and determination of the function of some of the genes, such as those encoding the major capsid protein and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein. The genome nucleotide sequence of VEJφ, which consists of 6842 bp, revealed that it is organized in modules of functionally related genes in an array that is characteristic of the genus Inovirus (filamentous phages). VEJφ is closely related to other previously described filamentous phages of V. cholerae, including VGJφ, VSK and fs1. Like these phages, VEJφ uses as a cellular receptor the type IV fimbria called the mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (MSHA). It was also demonstrated that VEJφ, like phage VGJφ, is able to transmit the genome of phage CTXφ, and therefore the genes encoding the cholera toxin (CT), horizontally among populations of V. cholerae expressing the MSHA receptor fimbria. This suggests that the variety of phages implicated in the horizontal transmission of the CT genes could be more diverse than formerly thought.

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14

Loh, Belinda, Andreas Kuhn, and Sebastian Leptihn. "The fascinating biology behind phage display: filamentous phage assembly." Molecular Microbiology 111, no. 5 (March 26, 2019): 1132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14187.

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15

Xue, Hong, Yan Xu, Yan Boucher та Martin F. Polz. "High Frequency of a Novel Filamentous Phage, VCYϕ, within an Environmental Vibrio cholerae Population". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, № 1 (21 жовтня 2011): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06297-11.

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ABSTRACTEnvironmentalVibrio choleraestrains isolated from a coastal brackish pond (Oyster Pond, Woods Hole, MA) carried a novel filamentous phage, VCYϕ, which can exist as a host genome integrative form (IF) and a plasmid-like replicative form (RF). Outside the cell, the phage displays a morphology typical ofInovirus, with filamentous particles ∼1.8 μm in length and 7 nm in width. Four independent RF isolates had identical genomes, except for 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms clustered in two regions. The overall genome size is 7,103 bp with 11 putative open reading frames organized into three functional modules (replication, structure and assembly, and regulation). VCYϕ shares sequence similarity with other filamentous phages (including cholera disease-associated CTX) in a highly mosaic manner, indicating evolution by horizontal gene transfer and recombination. VCYϕ integrates in the vicinity of the putative translation initiation factor Sui1 in chromosome II ofV. cholerae. A screen of 531 closely related host isolates showed that ∼40% harbored phages, with 27% and 13% carrying the IF and RF, respectively. The relative frequencies of the RF and IF differed among strains isolated from the pond or lagoon of Oyster Pond, suggesting that the host habitat influences intracellular phage biology. The overall high prevalence within the host population shows that filamentous phages can be an important component of the environmental biology ofV. cholerae.

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16

Marvin, DA. "Filamentous phage structure, infection and assembly." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80032-8.

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17

Marciano, D. K., M. Russel, and S. M. Simon. "Assembling filamentous phage occlude pIV channels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 16 (July 17, 2001): 9359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161170398.

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18

Burritt, James B., Clifford W. Bond, Kimathi W. Doss, and Algirdas J. Jesaitis. "Filamentous Phage Display of Oligopeptide Libraries." Analytical Biochemistry 238, no. 1 (June 1996): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0241.

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19

Chang, Bin, Hatsumi Taniguchi, Hiroshi Miyamoto, and Shin-ichi Yoshida. "Filamentous Bacteriophages of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a Possible Clue to Genetic Transmission." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 19 (October 1, 1998): 5094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.19.5094-5101.1998.

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ABSTRACT We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of two filamentous bacteriophages of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, designated Vf12 and Vf33. In this study, to understand the potential of these phages as tools for genetic transmission, we investigated the gene structures of replicative-form (RF) DNAs of their genomes and the distribution of these DNAs on chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNAs. The 7,965-bp nucleotide sequences of Vf12 and Vf33 were determined. An analysis of the overall gene structures revealed that Vf12 and Vf33 had conserved regions and distinctive regions. The gene organization of their conserved regions was similar to that of CTX phage ofVibrio cholerae and coliphage Ff of Escherichia coli, while their distinctive regions were characteristic of Vf12 and Vf33 phage genomes. Southern blot hybridization testing revealed that the filamentous phage genomes integrated into chromosomal DNA ofV. parahaemolyticus at the distinctive region of the phage genome and were also distributed on some plasmids ofV. parahaemolyticus and total cellular DNAs of oneVibrio damsela and one nonagglutinable Vibriostrain tested. These results strongly suggest the possibilities of genetic interaction among the bacteriophage Vf12 and Vf33 genomes and chromosomal and plasmid-borne DNAs of V. parahaemolyticus strains and of genetic transmission among strains through these filamentous phages.

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20

Ding, Yan-Li, Mei-Yun Liu, Wei Han, Sheng-Li Yang, Hui Liu, and Yi Gong. "Application of Phage-displayed Single Chain Antibodies in Western Blot." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 37, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/37.3.205.

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Abstract A phage display single chain fragment variable library constructed on pIII protein of M13 filamentous phage was screened using B-lymphocyte stimulator and FP248 as selective molecules. After four rounds of panning, there was a remarkable enrichment in the titer of bound phages. Twenty phage clones were selected from the last round and screened by means of phage-ELISA. With the antibody phages as primary antibodies in Western blot, we developed a method for detecting the specific antigen. The dilutions of antibody phages depend on the affinity between antibody-displayed phage particles and antigens.

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21

Hille, Frank, Stefanie Gieschler, Erik Brinks, and Charles M. A. P. Franz. "Characterisation of the Novel Filamentous Phage PMBT54 Infecting the Milk Spoilage Bacteria Pseudomonas carnis and Pseudomonas lactis." Viruses 15, no. 9 (August 22, 2023): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15091781.

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Filamentous bacteriophages are lysogenic and pseudo-lysogenic viruses that do not lyse their host but are often continuously secreted from the infected cell. They belong to the order Tubulavirales, which encompasses three families, with the Inoviridae being the largest. While the number of identified inoviral sequences has greatly increased in recent years due to metagenomic studies, morphological and physiological characterisation is still restricted to only a few members of the filamentous phages. Here, we describe the novel filamentous phage PMBT54, which infects the spoilage-relevant Pseudomonas species P. carnis and P. lactis. Its genome is 7320 bp in size, has a mol% GC content of 48.37, and codes for 13 open-reading frames, two of which are located on the (−) strand. The virion exhibits a typical filamentous morphology and is secreted from the host cell at various lengths. The phage was shown to promote biofilm formation in both host strains and, therefore, has potential implications for milk spoilage, as biofilms are a major concern in the dairy industry.

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22

Goehlich, Henry, Olivia Roth, and Carolin C. Wendling. "Filamentous phages reduce bacterial growth in low salinities." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 12 (December 2019): 191669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191669.

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Being non-lytic, filamentous phages can replicate at high frequencies and often carry virulence factors, which are important in the evolution and emergence of novel pathogens. However, their net effect on bacterial fitness remains unknown. To understand the ecology and evolution between filamentous phages and their hosts, it is important to assess (i) fitness effects of filamentous phages on their hosts and (ii) how these effects depend on the environment. To determine how the net effect on bacterial fitness by filamentous phages changes across environments, we constructed phage–bacteria infection networks at ambient 15 practical salinity units (PSU) and stressful salinities (11 and 7 PSU) using the marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus and its derived filamentous phages as model system. We observed no significant difference in network structure at 15 and 11 PSU. However, at 7 PSU phages significantly reduced bacterial growth changing network structure. This pattern was mainly driven by a significant increase in bacterial susceptibility. Our findings suggest that filamentous phages decrease bacterial growth, an indirect measure of fitness in stressful environmental conditions, which might impact bacterial communities, alter horizontal gene transfer events and possibly favour the emergence of novel pathogens in environmental Vibrios .

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23

Marciano, D. K. "An Aqueous Channel for Filamentous Phage Export." Science 284, no. 5419 (May 28, 1999): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1516.

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24

Russel, M., and P. Model. "Thioredoxin is required for filamentous phage assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.1.29.

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25

Kehoe, John W., and Brian K. Kay. "Filamentous Phage Display in the New Millennium." Chemical Reviews 105, no. 11 (November 2005): 4056–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr000261r.

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26

Goldbourt, Amir, Loren A. Day, and Ann E. McDermott. "Intersubunit Hydrophobic Interactions in Pf1 Filamentous Phage." Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, no. 47 (August 23, 2010): 37051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.119339.

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27

Stevens, Gregory B., Michael Krüger, Tatiana Latychevskaia, Peter Lindner, Andreas Plückthun, and Hans-Werner Fink. "Individual filamentous phage imaged by electron holography." European Biophysics Journal 40, no. 10 (August 27, 2011): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-011-0743-y.

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28

Rakonjac, Jasna, and Peter Model. "Roles of pIII in filamentous phage assembly." Journal of Molecular Biology 282, no. 1 (September 1998): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1998.2006.

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29

Russel, Marjorie. "Protein-protein Interactoins During Filamentous Phage Assembly." Journal of Molecular Biology 231, no. 3 (June 1993): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1993.1320.

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30

Renda, Brian A., Cindy Chan, Kristin N. Parent, and Jeffrey E. Barrick. "Emergence of a Competence-Reducing Filamentous Phage from the Genome of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 23 (September 19, 2016): 3209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00424-16.

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ABSTRACTBacterial genomes commonly contain prophage sequences as a result of past infections with lysogenic phages. Many of these integrated viral sequences are believed to be cryptic, but prophage genes are sometimes coopted by the host, and some prophages may be reactivated to form infectious particles when cells are stressed or mutate. We found that a previously uncharacterized filamentous phage emerged from the genome ofAcinetobacter baylyiADP1 during a laboratory evolution experiment. This phage has a genetic organization similar to that of theVibrio choleraeCTXϕ phage. The emergence of the ADP1 phage was associated with the evolution of reduced transformability in our experimental populations, so we named it thecompetence-reducingacinetobacter phage (CRAϕ). Knocking out ADP1 genes required for competence leads to resistance to CRAϕ infection. Although filamentous bacteriophages are known to target type IV pili, this is the first report of a phage that apparently uses a competence pilus as a receptor.A. baylyimay be especially susceptible to this route of infection because every cell is competent during normal growth, whereas competence is induced only under certain environmental conditions or in a subpopulation of cells in other bacterial species. It is possible that CRAϕ-like phages restrict horizontal gene transfer in nature by inhibiting the growth of naturally transformable strains. We also found that prophages with homology to CRAϕ exist in several strains ofAcinetobacter baumannii. These CRAϕ-likeA. baumanniiprophages encode toxins similar to CTXϕ that might contribute to the virulence of this opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen.IMPORTANCEWe observed the emergence of a novel filamentous phage (CRAϕ) from the genome ofAcinetobacter baylyiADP1 during a long-term laboratory evolution experiment. CRAϕ is the first bacteriophage reported to require the molecular machinery involved in the uptake of environmental DNA for infection. Reactivation and evolution of CRAϕ reduced the potential for horizontal transfer of genes via natural transformation in our experiment. Risk of infection by similar phages may limit the expression and maintenance of bacterial competence in nature. The closest studied relative of CRAϕ is theVibrio choleraeCTXϕ phage. Variants of CRAϕ are found in the genomes ofAcinetobacter baumanniistrains, and it is possible that phage-encoded toxins contribute to the virulence of this opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen.

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31

Au-Yeung, Yee Man Betty, Zheng Zeng, and Jiandong Huang. "Abstract 6747: Engineering M13 filamentous phages to target dendritic cells and elicit anti-tumor immunity." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 6747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6747.

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Abstract Filamentous phage is a safe and effective vaccine vector that can elicit robust immune responses by activating Toll-like receptor pathways. However, engineering neoantigen-displaying phages for cancer vaccines using phage display technology has been challenging and yielded inconsistent results. We developed a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting cancer vaccine platform with M13 filamentous phages using the phage display technology. The engineered phages express DC-targeting peptides (SLS) on p3 sites and spy-catcher proteins on p8 positions, allowing neoantigens and proteins of interest to be linked to the phage vector. We named our platform SCP (SLS-spy catcher phage). Imaging and western blot showed that spy-tagged proteins can be easily attached to SCP by simple mixing. Further studies demonstrated that targeting DCs can enhance antigen presentation and anti-cancer immunity. We tested SCP in MB49 and B16 mouse models and the serum, spleen and tumor tissues were isolated for further investigation of immune response upon treatment. We found that SCP effectively suppressed tumor growth by inducing systemic anti-tumor humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SCP also showed efficacy in late-stage tumor models. SCP treatment triggered particularly robust local anti-tumor response. Histological and flow cytometry analysis revealed increased infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells, reduced PDL1 expression, and restricted neovascularization in the tumor microenvironment after intratumoral administration of SCP. Our study demonstrated that SCP can induce multifactorial modifications in the tumor microenvironment to impede tumor growth. SCP overcomes the limitations of traditional phage display technology, enabling a wide variety of peptides and proteins to be loaded onto the phage vectors. SCP is also cost-effective and scalable as phage production and purification processes are relatively mature. We propose that SCP can serve as a universal platform for cancer immunotherapy, and may offer novel treatment options for patients. Citation Format: Yee Man Betty Au-Yeung, Zheng Zeng, Jiandong Huang. Engineering M13 filamentous phages to target dendritic cells and elicit anti-tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6747.

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32

Dente, Luciana, Gianni Cesareni, Gioacchino Micheli, Franco Felici, Antonella Folgori, Alessandra Luzzago, Paolo Monaci, Alfredo Nicosia, and Paola Delmastro. "Monoclonal antibodies that recognise filamentous phage: tools for phage display technology." Gene 148, no. 1 (October 1994): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90227-5.

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33

Addy, Hardian S., Ahmed Askora, Takeru Kawasaki, Makoto Fujie та Takashi Yamada. "The Filamentous Phage ϕRSS1 Enhances Virulence of Phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato". Phytopathology® 102, № 3 (березень 2012): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-11-0277.

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Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt in many important crops. ϕRSS1 is a filamentous phage that infects R. solanacearum strains. Upon infection, it alters the physiological state and the behavior of host cells. Here, we show that R. solanacearum infected by ϕRSS1 becomes more virulent on host plants. Some virulence and pathogenicity factors, such as extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis and twitching motility, increased in the bacterial host cells infected with ϕRSS1, resulting in early wilting. Tomato plants inoculated with ϕRSS1-infected bacteria wilted 2 to 3 days earlier than those inoculated with wild-type bacteria. Infection with ϕRSS1 induced early expression of phcA, the global virulence regulator. phcA expression was detected in ϕRSS1-infected cells at cell density as low as 104 CFU/ml. Filamentous phages are assembled on the host cell surface and many phage particles accumulate on the cell surface. These surface-associated phage particles (phage proteins) may change the cell surface nature (hydrophobicity) to give high local cell densities. ϕRSS1 infection also enhanced PilA and type IV pilin production, resulting in increased twitching motility.

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34

Chen, Qingquan, Tejas Dharmaraj, Pamela C. Cai, Elizabeth B. Burgener, Naomi L. Haddock, Andy J. Spakowitz, and Paul L. Bollyky. "Bacteriophage and Bacterial Susceptibility, Resistance, and Tolerance to Antibiotics." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071425.

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Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, impact bacterial responses to antibiotics in complex ways. Recent studies using lytic bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy) demonstrate that phages can promote susceptibility to chemical antibiotics and that phage/antibiotic synergy is possible. However, both lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In particular, some phages mediate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria via transduction and other mechanisms. In addition, chronic infection filamentous phages can promote antimicrobial tolerance, the ability of bacteria to persist in the face of antibiotics. In particular, filamentous phages serve as structural elements in bacterial biofilms and prevent the penetration of antibiotics. Over time, these contributions to antibiotic tolerance favor the selection of resistance clones. Here, we review recent insights into bacteriophage contributions to antibiotic susceptibility, resistance, and tolerance. We discuss the mechanisms involved in these effects and address their impact on bacterial fitness.

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35

van Rossem, Maria, Sandra Wilks, Malgosia Kaczmarek, Patrick R. Secor, and Giampaolo D’Alessandro. "Modelling of filamentous phage-induced antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): e0261482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261482.

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Filamentous molecules tend to spontaneously assemble into liquid crystalline droplets with a tactoid morphology in environments with high concentration on non-adsorbing molecules. Tactoids of filamentous Pf bacteriophage, such as those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been linked to increased antibiotic tolerance. We modelled this system and show that tactoids composed of filamentous Pf virions can lead to antibiotic tolerance by acting as an adsorptive diffusion barrier. The continuum model, reminiscent of descriptions of reactive diffusion in porous media, has been solved numerically and good agreement was found with the analytical results, obtained using a homogenisation approach. We find that the formation of tactoids significantly increases antibiotic diffusion times which may lead to stronger antibiotic resistance.

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Shapiro, Jason W., Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams, and Paul E. Turner. "Evolution of parasitism and mutualism between filamentous phage M13 andEscherichia coli." PeerJ 4 (May 24, 2016): e2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2060.

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Background.How host-symbiont interactions coevolve between mutualism and parasitism depends on the ecology of the system and on the genetic and physiological constraints of the organisms involved. Theory often predicts that greater reliance on horizontal transmission favors increased costs of infection and may result in more virulent parasites or less beneficial mutualists. We set out to understand transitions between parasitism and mutualism by evolving the filamentous bacteriophage M13 and its hostEscherichia coli.Results.The effect of phage M13 on bacterial fitness depends on the growth environment, and initial assays revealed that infected bacteria reproduce faster and to higher density than uninfected bacteria in 96-well microplates. These data suggested that M13 is, in fact, a facultative mutualist ofE. coli. We then allowedE. coliand M13 to evolve in replicated environments, which varied in the relative opportunity for horizontal and vertical transmission of phage in order to assess the evolutionary stability of this mutualism. After 20 experimental passages, infected bacteria from treatments with both vertical and horizontal transmission of phage had evolved the fastest growth rates. At the same time, phage from these treatments no longer benefited the ancestral bacteria.Conclusions.These data suggest a positive correlation between the positive effects of M13 onE. colihosts from the same culture and the negative effects of the same phage toward the ancestral bacterial genotype. The results also expose flaws in applying concepts from the virulence-transmission tradeoff hypothesis to mutualism evolution. We discuss the data in the context of more recent theory on how horizontal transmission affects mutualisms and explore how these effects influence phages encoding virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria.

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37

Akremi, Ismahen, Dominique Holtappels, Wided Brabra, Mouna Jlidi, Adel Hadj Ibrahim, Manel Ben Ali, Kiandro Fortuna, et al. "First Report of Filamentous Phages Isolated from Tunisian Orchards to Control Erwinia amylovora." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111762.

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Newly discovered Erwinia amylovora phages PEar1, PEar2, PEar4 and PEar6 were isolated from three different orchards in North Tunisia to study their potential as biocontrol agents. Illumina sequencing revealed that the PEar viruses carry a single-strand DNA genome between 6608 and 6801 nucleotides and belong to the Inoviridae, making them the first described filamentous phages of E. amylovora. Interestingly, phage-infected cells show a decreased swimming and swarming motility and a cocktail of the four phages can significantly reduce infection of E. amylovora in a pear bioassay, potentially making them suitable candidates for phage biocontrol.

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38

Nakamura, Michihiro, Kouhei Tsumoto, Izumi Kumagai, and Kazunori Ishimura. "A morphologic study of filamentous phage infection ofEscherichia coliusing biotinylated phages." FEBS Letters 536, no. 1-3 (January 22, 2003): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00050-4.

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39

Petrenko, V. A., G. P. Smith, X. Gong, and T. Quinn. "A library of organic landscapes on filamentous phage." "Protein Engineering, Design and Selection" 9, no. 9 (1996): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/9.9.797.

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40

Horiuchi, Kensuke. "Initiation mechanisms in replication of filamentous phage DNA." Genes to Cells 2, no. 7 (July 1997): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.1360334.x.

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41

Zou, Jun, Marie T. Dickerson, Nellie K. Owen, Linda A. Landon, and Susan L. Deutscher. "Biodistribution of filamentous phage peptide libraries in mice." Molecular Biology Reports 31, no. 2 (June 2004): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mole.0000031459.14448.af.

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42

Lorenz, Stefan H., and Franz X. Schmid. "Reprogramming the infection mechanism of a filamentous phage." Molecular Microbiology 80, no. 3 (March 16, 2011): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07617.x.

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43

Smith, George P., Valery A. Petrenko, and Leslie J. Matthews. "Cross-linked filamentous phage as an affinity matrix." Journal of Immunological Methods 215, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00087-8.

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44

Chappel, J. A., M. He, and A. S. Kang. "Modulation of antibody display on M13 filamentous phage." Journal of Immunological Methods 221, no. 1-2 (December 1998): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00094-5.

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45

Yip, Yum L., Nicholas J. Hawkins, Glenn Smith, and Robyn L. Ward. "Biodistribution of filamentous phage-Fab in nude mice." Journal of Immunological Methods 225, no. 1-2 (May 1999): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00044-7.

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46

Jestin, Jean-Luc, Georgia Volioti, and Greg Winter. "Improving the display of proteins on filamentous phage." Research in Microbiology 152, no. 2 (February 2001): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01191-3.

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47

Grieco, Sung-Hye H., Seungil Lee, W. Scott Dunbar, Ross T. A. MacGillivray, and Susan B. Curtis. "Maximizing filamentous phage yield during computer-controlled fermentation." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 32, no. 6 (February 17, 2009): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-009-0303-3.

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48

Paton, E. B., and A. N. Zhyvoloup. "Mini forms of the filamentous M13 vector phage." Biopolymers and Cell 3, no. 1 (January 20, 1987): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0001d3.

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49

Román-Cruz, Valery C., Shannon M. Miller, Roman A. Schoener, Chase Lukasiewicz, Amelia K. Schmidt, Blair L. DeBuysscher, David Burkhart, Patrick R. Secor, and Jay T. Evans. "Adjuvanted Vaccine Induces Functional Antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Filamentous Bacteriophages." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020115.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), a WHO priority 1 pathogen, resulted in approximately 559,000 deaths globally in 2019. Pa has a multitude of host-immune evasion strategies that enhance Pa virulence. Most clinical isolates of Pa are infected by a phage called Pf that has the ability to misdirect the host-immune response and provide structural integrity to biofilms. Previous studies demonstrate that vaccination against the coat protein (CoaB) of Pf4 virions can assist in the clearance of Pa from the dorsal wound model in mice. Here, a consensus peptide was derived from CoaB and conjugated to cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197). This conjugate was adjuvanted with a novel synthetic Toll-like receptor agonist (TLR) 4 agonist, INI-2002, and used to vaccinate mice. Mice vaccinated with CoaB-CRM conjugate and INI-2002 developed high anti-CoaB peptide-specific IgG antibody titers. Direct binding of the peptide-specific antibodies to whole-phage virus particles was demonstrated by ELISA. Furthermore, a functional assay demonstrated that antibodies generated from vaccinated mice disrupted the replicative cycle of Pf phages. The use of an adjuvanted phage vaccine targeting Pa is an innovative vaccine strategy with the potential to become a new tool targeting multi-drug-resistant Pa infections in high-risk populations.

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50

Saggio, I., and R. Laufer. "Biotin binders selected from a random peptide library expressed on phage." Biochemical Journal 293, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2930613.

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Recombinant biotin-binding phages were affinity-selected from a random peptide library expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Phage binding to biotinylated proteins was half-maximally inhibited by micromolar concentrations of a monobiotinylated molecule. Sequencing of the peptide inserts of selected phages led to the identification of a previously unknown biotin-binding motif, CXWXPPF(K or R)XXC. A synthetic peptide containing this sequence motif inhibited streptavidin binding to biotinylated BSA with an IC50 of 50 microM. This compound represents the shortest non-avidin biotin-binding peptide identified to date. Our results illustrate that phage display technology can be used to identify novel ligands for a small non-proteinaceous molecule.

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