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Статті в журналах з теми "Fibre de carbonate de calcium"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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1

Rachman, Maulana, Kasda Kasda, Achmad Moeslihat Komara, Harjadi Gunawan, and Djoko Setyanto. "PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBRE REINFORCED IN UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN FILLED WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 909–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v14i3.1451.

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Using natural fibres is often recommended as polymer composite materials owing to their potential to reduce the pollution of synthetic material waste. This study aimed to obtain the physical properties of unsaturated polyester resin matrix composite containing calcium carbonate fillers of 15 and 30 parts per hundred weights of the resin and natural pineapple leaf fibre of the amount 20% and 30% of the composite weight. The composite samples were three millimetres thick, with the pineapple leaf fibres arranged in one longitudinal direction. Some parameters observed included density, water absorption, response to fire, hardness, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength. The results showed that adding calcium carbonate filler into the matrix increased the density, water absorption, hardness, and modulus of elasticity of the composite. However, it reduced the flame propagation rate, tensile strength, and impact strength. Also, the use of pineapple leaf fibre contributed to increased water absorption, rate of flame propagation, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength of the composite, but it reduced the density and hardness. As these samples use economical materials, they are likely valuable for building materials that do not require high mechanical properties, especially guttering materials.

2

Drouhet, Quentin, Romain Barbière, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, and David Mellier. "The Natural Growth of CaCO3 Crystals on Hemp Yarns: A Morphology Analysis and the Mechanical Effects on Composites." Fibers 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11100088.

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Plant fibres are promising candidates to replace synthetic fibres in polymer matrix composites. However, there is still an important issue to overcome: the poor quality of adhesion at the fibre/matrix interface. Many surface treatments of plant fibres have been developed, most of them based on non-environmentally friendly processes. In this paper, a 100% natural treatment is proposed. Hemp yarns are immersed in tap water until the natural growth of limestone beads attached to their surface occurs. The morphology analysis reveals that these calcium carbonate crystals have a nanoneedle architecture, with hemp fibres acting as nucleators for these highly ordered coral-like structures. Tensile tests on ±45° woven hemp/epoxy composites show that the presence of CaCO3 beads improves the adhesion quality of the fibre/matrix interface and, therefore, increases Young’s modulus value.

3

Chen, Xiaoyu, Xueren Qian, and Xianhui An. "Using calcium carbonate whiskers as papermaking filler." BioResources 6, no. 3 (May 7, 2011): 2435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.2435-2447.

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Whiskers, having large length/diameter ratio, are fiber-shaped single crystals. The technical possibility of using calcium carbonate whiskers as papermaking filler to replace conventional powder-like calcium carbonate was investigated. The results showed that it may be feasible to use calcium carbonate whisker as papermaking filler. Compared with conventional precipitated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker had higher retention efficiency. The use of calcium carbonate whisker also favorably affected the strength properties of paper sheets. A model was proposed to suggest the mechanism for paper strength improvement. The whiskers filled in paper sheets could increase the friction between fibers, thus increasing bonding strength. Moreover, the strength properties of paper were further improved because calcium carbonate whiskers were partly embedded in pulp fiber walls.

4

Lee, Y. J., Y. Kim, Soo Ryong Kim, Dong Geun Shin, Sea Cheon Oh, and Woo Teck Kwon. "Size Effect of CaCO₃ Filler on the Mechanical Properties of SMC Composites." Defect and Diffusion Forum 365 (July 2015): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.244.

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SMC composites consist of chopped glass fiber as a reinforcements, polyester and mineral fillers. Among them, filler is one of the important factors for improving mechanical and thermal properties of composites, but it has not drawn much attention for SMC composites. In this study, the size effect of calcium carbonate as mineral filler on mechanical properties of SMC composites was discussed using five different sizes of commercial calcium carbonates without chopped fiber reinforcement, to focus on the size effect itself. The SMC process was modified to be suitable for a laboratory scale composed of three steps. The mean sizes of the calcium carbonates were 3 – 20 μm, and the specific surface areas were calculated to be 1 – 5 m2/g by BET. Small size of calcium carbonate having high surface area up to 4 m2/g showed high thermal resistance, and showed higher strength comparing to the large fillers because it affected to form a dense packed microstructure.

5

Jiang, Weijian, Wen Yi, and Lei Zhou. "Fibre-Microbial Curing Tests and Slope Stability Analysis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 7051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127051.

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In response to the deformation resistance deficiency and poor toughness characteristics of soil after microbial curing, a combination of fibre reinforcement technology and microbial curing technology was used to conduct microbial curing tests using basalt fibres and denitrifying bacteria. In this paper, the effects of fibre on the strength and toughness of soil consolidation were analysed by unconfined compressive strength test and direct shear test, and the stability of reinforced slope was analysed by numerical simulation. The results show the following. (1) Basalt fibre can effectively improve the characteristics of brittle damage of microbially consolidated soil while increasing the compressive and shear strength. (2) Fibre dosing and fibre length have important effects on the mechanical properties of microbially consolidated soil. (3) The appropriate amount of basalt fibre can promote the generation of calcium carbonate. (4) The plastic strain area of the slope decreases after microbial reinforcement and the maximum equivalent plastic stress decreases by 65 kPa.

6

Jimoh, Onimisi A., Patrick U. Okoye, Tunmise A. Otitoju, and Kamar Shah Ariffin. "Aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate from magnesium rich carbonate rock for polyethersulfone hollow fibre membrane application." Journal of Cleaner Production 195 (September 2018): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.192.

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7

He, Hongwei, Zheng Zhang, Jianlong Wang, and Kaixi Li. "Compressive properties of nano-calcium carbonate/epoxy and its fibre composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 45, no. 1 (February 2013): 919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.050.

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8

Sathiyamurthy, S., A. Syed Abu Thaheer, and S. Jayabal. "Mechanical behaviours of calcium carbonate-impregnated short coir fibre-reinforced polyester composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 1 (November 2, 2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420711422794.

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9

Zhang, Zhe, Pan Zou, Yiguang Wang, and Xun Zhang. "Impact of Nano-CaCO3 and PVA Fiber on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Geopolymer Mortar." Buildings 13, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061380.

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Geopolymer is a green substitute for Portland cement but has low tensile strength, high brittleness and easy cracking. Therefore, fibers and nanomaterials are used to strengthen and toughen geopolymer composites. The influence of nano-calcium carbonate and PVA fiber on the properties of fresh and hardened geopolymer mortar were studied herein. The hybrid of long and short fibers with small content (0.8 vol.%) is conducive to flowability, while the hybrid with large content (1.6 vol.%) and nano-calcium carbonate is conducive to flowability. The slump flow and flow rate of geopolymer mortars with low fiber factor (product of fiber volume fraction and length-diameter ratio) decrease with the growth in nano-calcium carbonate content. As the PVA fiber factor reaches 464.8%, the slump flow and flow rate values of mortars with 0, 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% nano-calcium carbonate are close to each other. About 450% is the density packing threshold of PVA fiber in geopolymer composites. The combination of 0.8 vol.% 12 mm + 0.4 vol.% 6 mm fiber + 1 wt.% nano-calcium carbonate presents the highest flexural strength and flexural to compressive strength ratio, with a compressive strength of about 36 MPa. The optimal fiber factor range of PVA fiber in cement and geopolymer mortar is about 400% and higher than 600%, respectively. PVA fibers show more effective enhancement of flexural strength and toughness in geopolymer than cement mortar. The ultrasonic wave velocity and apparent density of geopolymer mortar show a downward trend as a whole with the increase in fiber factor. The intensity rise of the hump between 17° and 38° (2 θ) in the XRD pattern is observed. The SEM indicates that the surface of PVA fiber in geopolymer mortar with nano-calcium carbonate is heavily scratched, and the fiber filaments are rolled up, demonstrating improved bonding between PVA fiber and geopolymer mortar.

10

bin Muhamad Nor, Mohd Al Amin, and Nur Hawa Hazwani Ya’acob. "Development of Decorative Ceramic Glaze from Palm Fiber Ash." Key Engineering Materials 690 (May 2016): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.690.259.

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Palm fiber ashes are the industrial waste which is abundantly available in Malaysia. In this study, palm fiber ash were used to produce decorative ceramic glaze. The content of minerals in the palm fiber ash were analyzed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), respectively. The formulations of glaze with different composition of raw materials were studied by adding different amount of calcium carbonate and feldspar. The glaze slurries then coated on ball clay body bisque which was obtained from Kg. Dengir and sintered at 1200 ° C for two hours.The glaze was characterized in term of its physical appearance such as type of glaze and colour. Both glossy and matte glaze produced by using different composition of glaze formulation. The presence of silica minerals (79 %) contributed to glossy surface to the glaze. It is clearly seen that the glossiness of glaze improved by increasing amount of feldspar. Feldspar acts as fluxing agent which form a glassy phase at lower temperature. In addition, the presence of small amount of iron oxide (2.2 wt.%) contributed to brown colour of glaze. An addition of calcium carbonate give effect to the colour of glaze, which change from brown to yellow colour as amount of CaCO3 increased. As a conclusion, the palm fibre ashes were highly suitable to supply abundant and cheap raw materials to produce decorative ceramic glaze.

11

Lourenço, Ana F., José A. F. Gamelas, and Paulo J. Ferreira. "Increase of the filler content in papermaking by using a silica-coated PCC filler." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p240-245.

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Abstract The increase of filler content in paper without significantly sacrificing the paper mechanical resistances is of high interest for papermakers. In this work, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) modified with silica was used as filler for papermaking. Handsheets based on a eucalyptus kraft pulp furnish with different amounts of the modified filler, ranging from 16 to 40%, were produced. For similar levels of filler content it was found that the strength properties of the handsheets produced with the modified PCC were always significantly better than those obtained with the unmodified PCC. In particular, for handsheets with a filler content of 30%, the tensile index and the Scott bond internal resistance improved by ca. 20% and 39%, respectively. Some decrease of the light scattering and opacity values was noted when using the modified PCC, but the brightness was roughly the same, for each filler level evaluated. The enhanced fibre-tofiller bonding can be due to the hydrogen bonding between the cellulosic fibres and the hydroxyl groups of the silica film coating the calcium carbonate crystals, during the sheet formation. The present results with the new modified PCC provide a possibility to increase the filler amount in the papermaking industry.

12

Chandrasekaran, Kiruthika, Lavanya Prabha Srinivasan, and Neelamegam Meyappan. "Characterisation of Fibre Reinforced Resin Concrete." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.4.5541.

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Resin Concrete uses polymeric resin to replace cement concrete. Four types of polyester resins were identified with Methyl methacrylate as catalyst, calcium carbonate and fly ash as fillers along with river sand and coarse aggregate size of 10mm, 6mm were used to produce resin concrete. Seventy-two trial batches were carried out for preliminary investigation targeting compressive strength of more than 80 MPa (11.6 ksi) and four batches were shortlisted. These four batches along with the addition of glass fiber were taken for detailed investigation of stress strain behavior, young�s modulus, Poisson ratio, various correlative equations among their mechanical properties and durability properties. Developed mix can be recommended for manufacturing various polymer products.

13

Gerezgiher, A. G., K. Tamási, J. F. M. Ibrahim, C. Kónya, and T. Szabó. "Thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with pine wood fibre and calcium carbonate precipitate filler." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1527 (April 2020): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1527/1/012042.

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14

Hii, Collin, Øyvind W. Gregersen, Gary Chinga-Carrasco, and Øyvind Eriksen. "The effect of MFC on the pressability and paper properties of TMP and GCC based sheets." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p388-396.

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Abstract Different qualities of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were blended with thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) filler. The addition of MFC reduced the drainage of the pulp suspension but improved strength properties. Wet pressing experiments showed that optimal use of MFC and filler could enhance the strength and optical properties without reducing the solids content after wet pressing. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that MFC adsorbed onto and contributed to the bonding of the filler particles and fibres. The MFC binds the filler-MFC-fines aggregates to the fibre network and partially filled the pore network. As a result, MFC addition increased the air resistance and internal bonding of the sheet.

15

Hu, Qizhi, Wensen Song, and Jianwen Hu. "Study of the Mechanical Properties and Water Stability of Microbially Cured, Coir-Fiber-Reinforced Clay Soil." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (September 4, 2023): 13261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713261.

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Clay soil is widely distributed in engineering foundations. Because of its poor stability, low load-bearing capacity, and poor water stability, it does not provide a high-quality foundation. Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a novel soil consolidation technique. The basic principle of this technique is that microorganisms induce calcium carbonate deposition in the soil, solidifying it. The reinforcement treatment of clayey soil via MICP with fiber reinforcement can make full use of the advantages of both techniques to improve the mechanical properties and water stability of the soil. In this study, in order to facilitate engineering applications, bacillus pasteurii liquid was mixed with coconut-fiber-reinforced soil using the mixing method, and a microbial solidification test was carried out on the reinforced clayey soil with fiber contents of 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% (mass ratio). By conducting triaxial consolidation without a drainage test, the calcium carbonate content determination test and the disintegration test were combined with SEM microscopic image analysis to compare and analyze the mechanical properties and water stability of clayey soil under different fiber treatments. The results show the following: (1) The coupling of the two techniques can effectively improve the shear strength of the soil. The shear strength first increased and then decreased with the increase in the fiber content. The optimum fiber content is 0.4%, and the shear strength is 120% higher than that of plain soil. (2) The addition of fiber significantly increased the cohesive force of the clayey soil. In addition, the friction angle was also increased by the synergistic effect of the fiber and calcium carbonate. The cohesive force was increased in the range of 3.2~24.4 kPa, and the internal friction angle was increased in the range of 2.2°~6.4°. (3) As the fiber content increased, the disintegration resistance of the solidified soil was obviously improved, and the disintegration rate decreased with the increase in fiber content. When the fiber content was 0.6%, the final disintegration rate was the lowest. (4) Fiber reinforcement increased the colonization space of the microorganisms and improved the deposition efficiency and yield of the calcium carbonate, and the cementing effect of the calcium carbonate promoted fiber reinforcement.

16

OKAZAKI, MEGUMI. "Calcium Carbonate Deposition by Calcareous Algae in Ocean." Sen'i Gakkaishi 46, no. 7 (1990): P292—P296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.7_p292.

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17

Mitsuishi, Kazuta, Hiroyuki Fujita, Tadae Yamanaka, and Atsuo Shibuya. "Acoustic Microscopy Evaluation of Polypropylene/Calcium carbonate Composites." Sen'i Gakkaishi 50, no. 4 (1994): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.4_163.

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18

Hargis, Craig W., Irvin A. Chen, Martin Devenney, Miguel J. Fernandez, Ryan J. Gilliam, and Ryan P. Thatcher. "Calcium Carbonate Cement: A Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technique." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112709.

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A novel calcium carbonate cement system that mimics the naturally occurring mineralization process of carbon dioxide to biogenic or geologic calcium carbonate deposits was developed utilizing carbon dioxide-containing flue gas and high-calcium industrial solid waste as raw materials. The calcium carbonate cement reaction is based on the polymorphic transformation from metastable vaterite to aragonite and can achieve >40 MPa compressive strength. Due to its unique properties, the calcium carbonate cement is well suited for building materials applications with controlled factory manufacturing processes that can take advantage of its rapid curing at elevated temperatures and lower density for competitive advantages. Examples of suitable applications are lightweight fiber cement board and aerated concrete. The new cement system described is an environmentally sustainable alternative cement that can be carbon negative, meaning more carbon dioxide is captured during its manufacture than is emitted.

19

Yang, Bowei, Chen Wang, Song Chen, Kaixin Qiu, and Jiuhong Jiang. "Optimisation of the Mechanical Properties and Mix Proportion of Multiscale-Fibre-Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 24, 2023): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173531.

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Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) are cement-based composite materials with strain-hardening and multiple-cracking characteristics. ECCs have multiscale defects, including nanoscale hydrated silicate gels, micron-scale capillary pores, and millimetre-scale cracks. By using millimetre-scale polyethylene (PE) fibres, microscale calcium carbonate whiskers (CWs), and nanoscale carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as exo-doped fibres, a multiscale enhancement system was formed, and the effects of multiscale fibres on the mechanical properties of ECCs were tested. The Box-Behnken experimental design method, which is a response surface methodology, was used to construct a quadratic polynomial regression equation to optimise ECC design and provide an optimisation of ECC mix proportions. The results of this study showed that a multiscale reinforcement system consisting of PE fibres, CWs, and CNTs enhanced the mechanical properties of ECCs. CWs had the greatest effect on the compressive strengths of highly ductile-fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, followed by CNTs and PE fibres. PE fibres had the greatest effect on the flexural and tensile strengths of high-ductility fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, followed by CWs and CNTs. The final optimisation results showed that when the ECC matrix was doped with 1.55% PE fibres, 2.17% CWs, and 0.154% CNTs, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the matrix were optimal.

20

Kim, Yi-Yeoun, Alex N. Kulak, Yuting Li, Tim Batten, Martin Kuball, Steven P. Armes, and Fiona C. Meldrum. "Substrate-directed formation of calcium carbonate fibres." J. Mater. Chem. 19, no. 3 (2009): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b813101e.

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21

Chen, Ying, and Gang Zeng. "Study on Modifying of Polypropylene and Calcium Carbonate." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.27.

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This article evaluate the recycling of renewable fiber feasibility from the economic cost, the key factor is the treatment methods, reuse direction, and its economic costs. Textile fiber material recycling economic cost, mainly through analysis the cost of new textile fiber materials prices and the price of recycled fiber, of which the price of recycled fiber is the recovery of the prices of textile fibers combined with the recycling processing costs.

22

Masood, Rashid, M. Anam Khubaib, Tanveer Hussain, and Zulfiqar Ali Raza. "Silver-containing polysaccharide-based tricomponent antibacterial fibres for wound care applications." Journal of Wound Care 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.1.81.

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Objective: Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are extensively used in wound care healing due to their unique liquid absorption, gelling properties and biocompatibility properties. They play an important role in controlling infections of highly exuding hard-to-heal wounds. The main objective of this study was to develop silver-containing polysaccharide-based tricomponent antibacterial fibres for use in these complex wounds. Method: The fibres were developed by coating silver-containing alginate and psyllium fibres with hydrolysed chitosan. Dope solution containing alginate, psyllium and silver carbonate was extruded into a coagulation bath containing calcium chloride and hydrolysed chitosan. The developed fibres were tested for liquid absorption, swelling and antibacterial properties against a control fibre (of alginate and psyllium). Results: The developed fibres showed comparatively better liquid absorption, gelling and antibacterial properties than the control fibres. Conclusion: The study concluded that developed fibres could be a preferred choice for application on hard-to-heal wounds with high levels of exudate, to support infection control and faster healing.

23

Sahu, Vaishali, Amit Srivastava, Anil K. Misra, and Anil K. Sharma. "Synthesis and characterization of green composites: Focus on accelerated strength, ductility and durability." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 5 (January 22, 2017): 630–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16689293.

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High strength green composite material has been developed by this project by addition of lime sludge in stabilized class F fly ash with commercial lime and gypsum. The green composite material was shown to have high UCS (unconfined compressive strength) and good California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values to provide sufficient factor of safety as required by the standard code of practice for use in road construction. The good strength is attributed to calcium carbonate in lime sludge, which reacts with pozzolanic products of lime–gypsum stabilized fly ash. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have illustrated the interaction/reaction between lime sludge and fly ash and development of additional calcium aluminium oxide carbonate hydrate that has improved the strength of the green composite. The addition of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% (by weight) of short polypropylene (PP) fibre (30 mm size) in the mix has imparted ductility to reduce brittle behaviour. The UCS of 8.1 MPa was achieved with 0.3% fibre in the mix, which is well above the standard requirement. Moreover, durability tests were performed to determine long-term performance. Our overall findings have indicated that the new green composite developed would have good strength, ductility and durability, for construction of flexible pavements. Further research is needed on the long-term field performance for at least one monsoon period before the material can be used with confidence.

24

Gane, Patrick, Katarina Dimić-Mišić, Nemanja Barać, Monireh Imani, Djordje Janaćković, Petar Uskoković, and Ernest Barceló. "Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113927.

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NOx is unavoidably emitted during combustion in air at high temperature and/or pressure, which, if exceeding recommended levels, has a negative impact on the population. The authors found that when moist, limestone (CaCO3) readily sorbs NO2 to form calcium nitrate, which provides the basis for developing a surface flow filter. The substrate was made from “over-recycled” cellulose fibres such as newsprint, magazines, or packaging fibre, which are too weak to be used in further recycling. The substrate was specially-coated with fine-ground calcium carbonate and micro-nano-fibrillated cellulose, which was used as a binder and essential humectant to avoid formation of a stagnant air layer. Pre-oxidation countered the action of denitrification bacteria colonising the cellulose substrate. The by-product CO2 produced in situ during carbonate to nitrate conversion was adsorbed by perlite, which is an inert high surface-area additive. After use, the nitrate-rich CaCO3-cellulose-based filter was proposed to be mulched into a run-off resistant soil fertiliser and micronutrient suitable, e.g., for renewable forestry within the circular economy. Belgrade, Serbia, which is a highly polluted city, was used as a laboratory test bed, and NO2 was successfully removed from an inlet of city air. A construct of street-side self-draughting or municipal/commercial transport vehicle-exterior motion-draught filter boxes is discussed.

25

Lin, Tao, Jian Wei Song, Xue Feng Yin, and Zhi Jie Wang. "Study of Culture Paper Making with P-RC APMP by Different Papermaking Process." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.347.

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Using Poplar P-RC APMP as raw materials for culture paper making, the effect of conventional papermaking process and P-RC APMP fines-calcium carbonate co-flocculation process on the P-RC APMP culture paper properties were studied. The result showed that, comparing to the conventional papermaking process, co-flocculation process can supply paper with better strength properties, bulk and whiteness. When precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were added respectively in conventional papermaking process, the PCC supplied handsheets with better bulk and whiteness, while GCC supplied handsheets with better strength properties. In the co-flocculation process, the effects of PCC and GCC were nearly the same in strength properties and bulk of handsheets, but PCC was more beneficial for whiteness. SEM images showed that PCC distributed more evenly in the fiber network, and well-bonded with fiber network. The particle size of GCC is relatively small, mainly filled in the fiber network and wrapped on the fiber.

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Jiang, Yong, Jichuan Huo, Yonglin Lei, and Lujun Jia. "Performance Evaluation of Calcined Phosphogypsum Reinforced with Basalt Fiber and Calcium Carbonate Whiskers: A Study on Individual and Mixed Tests." Materials 17, no. 8 (April 10, 2024): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081725.

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In an effort to appropriately address the insufficient mechanical properties of calcined phosphogypsum, this research intends to explore how to utilize basalt fiber and calcium carbonate whiskers as reinforcing agents. The study delves deep into their impacts on the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, water resistance, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum. In the individual tests, basalt fibers with different lengths (3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, and 18 mm) were added at dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. As clearly demonstrated by the research findings, basalt fiber effectively reinforces the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum, though compromising water resistance. Among the various fiber lengths, the 6 mm fibers impose the most advantageous influence on the performance of calcined phosphogypsum. Afterwards, a test was conducted to explore how cross−scale fibers affect the properties of calcined phosphogypsum by mixing 6 mm basalt fibers and calcium carbonate whiskers. As illustrated by the experimental findings, calcium carbonate whisker refines the pores, thereby elevating the flexural strength and toughness of calcined phosphogypsum. Furthermore, it compensates for the water resistance limitations associated with the sole utilization of basalt fiber while further augmenting the tensile strength and strain capacity. Nonetheless, it is particularly noteworthy that heightening the dosage of both calcium carbonate whiskers and basalt fibers concurrently gives rise to augmented porosity of phosphogypsum and lowered compressive strength.

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BERRY, RICHARD, YUJUN SUN, and CORINNE LUTHE. "Accelerating kraft pulping with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP)." June 2010 9, no. 6 (July 1, 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.6.9.

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Three hardwoods (aspen, maple, and birch) and one softwood (black spruce) were pulped under standard kraft cooking conditions with and without hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP). The H factor required to give a kappa number of 15 for the aspen furnish was decreased from 1,100 to 650 by adding 0.1% HEDP on wood. Significantly smaller rate increases were observed with birch and maple, and no rate increase was observed with the softwood furnish. When aspen and black spruce chips were impregnated with calcium, it was found that aspen delignification was retarded while there was no effect on black spruce. HEDP, therefore, appears to work by removing calcium which, in hardwoods, causes lignin to be strongly bonded to the fiber. Adding carbonate to the pulping liquor showed that carbonate has the same effect as HEDP by removing calcium as insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These observations lead to the conclusion that HEDP is not an effective additive, even for hardwoods, when sufficient carbonate is present.

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Dante, Roberto C., F. M. Sánchez-Arévalo, L. Huerta, Pablo Martín-Ramos, Luis M. Navas-Gracia, and Jesús Martín-Gil. "Composite Fiber Based on Sisal Fiber and Calcium Carbonate." Journal of Natural Fibers 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2013.849644.

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Kusuktham, Boonsri. "Spinning of PET Fibres Mixed with Calcium Carbonate." Asian Journal of Textile 1, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajt.2011.106.113.

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Hogan, JP, LJ Cook, and P. Davis. "The nutritional value of rice pollard for sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880525.

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An investigation has been made of the nutritional value for lambs of diets containing rice pollard from which varying amounts of oil were extracted. The preparations were pelleted with equal amounts of wheaten hay to provide diets containing per kg, 12, 56, 80 and 107 g oil. A fifth diet was also prepared containing 106 g oil, and an additional 2.5 g calcium carbonate/kg. The diets were offered ad libitum to 46 crossbred lambs for 83 days, body weight changes being recorded over the final 53 days. Digestion in the stomach and intestines of similar lambs with fistulae in the rumen and abomasum was also measured with three diets. In the lamb growth experiment, no consistent effects of oil content or additional calcium were observed on feed intake, which ranged from 1.02 to 1.16 kg/day, on weight gain (1 11-148 &/day) or on feed conversion (7.9 - 9.2 kg feed per kg gain). Digestion studies with diets containing hay plus pollard alone, supplemented with calcium carbonate or with the pollard-oil extracted, indicated no differences in the digestibility of organic matter or aciddetergent fibre. However, appreciable grains of nitrogen in the rumen which occurred with the first two diets ensured that the quantities of crude protein apparently digested in the intestines were equivalent to 93-98% of protein intake. The corresponding value for the oil-extracted diet was only 66% of intake. Fibre digestibility, 250-320 g/kg intake, was not significantly different between diets. With the two nonextracted diets, a net loss of oil approximating 760 g/kg consumed occurred in the digestive tract, whereas with the extracted diet slightly more oil was excreted in the faeces than the amount consumed.

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Verma, Deepak, Manunya Okhawilai, Kheng Lim Goh, and Mohit Sharma. "Thermomechanical Analyses of Alkali-Treated Coconut Husk-Bagasse Fiber-Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Composites." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021686.

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Natural fiber-reinforced composites can contribute to reducing carbon footprint goals due to their ability to reduce overall product weight, bio-diverse feedstocks, and recyclability potential. In this work, natural fiber-based composites containing the reinforcement of coconut husk and bagasse fiber with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ingredients were prepared and analyzed. The composites were analyzed for mechanical, thermomechanical, and morphological properties. The reinforcements were chemically functionalized using 5% w/v NaOH to enhance their interactions with the epoxy resins. The chemical functionalization created perforation on the fiber surface, improving the interlocking of fibres with the resin material and strengthening the mechanical performance of the composite. The composites developed using modified reinforcement treatment resulted in increased tensile strength (64.8%) and flexural strength (70%). The reinforcement treatment influenced the hydrophilicity, and the water absorption of treated composites was reduced more than five times compared to the unmodified composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological changes due to fiber modification, the underlaying mechanism of fiber contraction, and enhanced fiber matrix interface interlocking and adhesion strengthening. Thermal analysis confirmed that alkali treatment improves the crystallinity of the fiber and thereto the degradation temperature of treated fiber composites (both bagasse and coconut husk), which is 375.27 °C, the highest amongst the developed hybrid composites.

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Xu, Yongjian, Chunmei Jiang, Chao Duan, and Weipeng Zhang. "In-situ Preparation of Nano-calcium Carbonate/Cellulose Fiber Composite and Its Application in Fluff Pulp." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 155892501701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501701200306.

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Calcium carbonate/cellulose fiber composites combining natural polymers and inorganic particles are promising materials for preparing fluff pulp. In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles were in-situ precipitated on cellulose fiber surfaces to decrease the level of hydrogen bonding. The results showed that nano CaCO3 particles precipitated and dispersed well on the fiber surface. The fluff pulp made from cellulose/CaCO3 modified fibers exhibited high effectiveness in the dry defibration process and good adsorption capacity due to the weak hydrogen bonding. The burst index of the handsheets decreased 31% (based on the ash content of 1.48 wt. %) without compromising the adsorption capacity of the fluff pulp.

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Subhi Attallah, Marwah. "INVESTIGATION OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR NATURAL (EGGSHELL) AND INDUSTRIAL (CALCIUM CARBONATE) MATERIAL / REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER WITH POLYMER COMPOSITE." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 24, no. 06 (November 1, 2020): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.24.6.12.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of adding eggshell and calcium carbonate powder reinforced with glass fibers and epoxy resin. Hand Lay-upimethod was utilized for the preparation of samples from epoxyiresin as a matrix material with (6%weight fraction chopped glass fiber) and (2%,4%, 6% & 8% weight fraction eggshell, CaCO3 powder) as filler material . The tensile and impact properties are tested for the specimens containing calcium carbonate and eggshell powder reinfoced with glass fiber and epoxy resins, also the result analyzed by (SPSS) to determine the specimens have best mechanical properties. The mean particle size analyzer of the eggshell powder and calcium carbonate powder were (12.6µm, 0.4-1µm) respectively. The results showed that the mean values of tensile test, modulus of elasticity, impact strength and fracture toughness (247.50,222.00MPa) (8.450,7.500 GPa) (8.150, 7.500K.J/m2) (9.1675 , 7.8345 MPa.m1/2) respectively increased with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2, eggshell), while the mean values of the elongation percentage at break (%) decrease with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2). The SPSS statistical shown the values was significantly increased whenever the value (Sig < 0.05).

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Gao, Jie, Ge Wang, Hai Tao Cheng, and Sheldon Q. Shi. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Particles Filled Individual Bamboo Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1930.

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The objectives of the current study involve in situ depositing treatments of calcium carbonate particles onto bamboo fibers through the ionic reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride aqueous solution at varied bath temperatures, and their impacts on surface features, wettability and tensile properties of single bamboo fibers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to characterize surface morphology of fibers. The wettability of bamboo fibers was evaluated by optical contact angle measurement instrument. The results show that nanoparticles and submicron particles grew into the wrinkles and micropores of fibers, the size, morphology and adsorbance of which were distinctively varied at different bath temperatures. The highest calcium carbonate adsorbance (2.34%) was obtained at 25°C. Besides, the mean values of contact angles increased and the variations within group were reduced as the loading percentage of particles rose, which might be due to reduced hydrophilic groups after coatings of calcium carbonate particles. The treatments were approved to enhance tensile properties of single bamboo fibers, comparing to the average tensile strengh and modulus of elasticity of the untreated, those of the treated bamboo fibers with the biggest calcium carbonate loading were higher by 30.50% and 32.71% respectively. It’s proved that the precipitating treatment is a useful method to densify and hydrophobize bamboo fibers and smooth out cell wall defects. What’s more, it provide explanations for improvements of physical and mechanical properties of paper and fiber reinforced plastic composites filled with inorganic nanoparticles.

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Lv, Xiangmeng, Ming Kang, Kexu Chen, Lu Yuan, Simin Shen, Rong Sun, and Lixian Song. "Preparation of fluorescent calcium carbonate and visualization of its dispersion states in polypropylene." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319869822.

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The dispersion states of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Mastering the dispersion structure of inorganic minerals such as calcium carbonate in the polymer matrix is of great significance for the design of high performant polymer composites. Currently, due to the limitations of conventional electron microscope imaging capabilities, it is difficult to understand the internal dispersion structure of fillers in polymer composites comprehensively, regionally and stereoscopically. Here, we successfully embed the rare earth complex into the silica of the calcium carbonate surface to realize the fluorescent labeling of the calcium carbonate fillers. The fluorescent calcium carbonate exhibited broad excitation band ranging from 220 nm to 440 nm and showed bright red under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The two-dimensional dispersion states of the fillers at different depths in the polymer composite were obtained by the fluorescent imaging ability of laser scanning confocal microscope; these two-dimensional confocal images were further three-dimensionally reconstructed through Avizo Fire VSG software, and the spatial distribution of fillers in polymer composite was obtained without damage. This characterization method provides a new noninvasive method for studying the dispersion structure of fillers in polymers.

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Kim, Sang Yun, Sun Young Jung, Yung Bum Seo, and Jung Soo Han. "Preparation of Flexible Calcium Carbonate by In Situ Carbonation of the Chitin Fibrils and Its Use for Producing High Loaded Paper." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 9, 2023): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16082978.

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Flexible calcium carbonate (FCC) was developed as a functional papermaking filler for high loaded paper, which was a fiber-like shaped calcium carbonate produced from the in situ carbonation process on the cellulose micro-or nanofibril surface. Chitin is the second most abundant renewable material after cellulose. In this study, a chitin microfibril was utilized as the fibril core for making the FCC. Cellulose fibrils for the preparation of FCC were obtained by fibrillation of the TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) treated wood fibers. The chitin fibril was obtained from the β-chitin from the born of squid fibrillated in water by grinding. Both fibrils were mixed with calcium oxide and underwent a carbonation process by the addition of carbon dioxide, thus the calcium carbonate attached on the fibrils to make FCC. When used in papermaking, both the FCC from chitin and cellulose gave a much higher bulk and tensile strength simultaneously than the conventional papermaking filler of ground calcium carbonate, while maintaining the other essential properties of paper. The FCC from chitin caused an even higher bulk and higher tensile strength than those of the FCC from cellulose in paper materials. Furthermore, the simple preparation method of the chitin FCC in comparison with the cellulose FCC may enable a reduction in the use of wood fibers, process energy, and the production cost of paper materials.

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Suruji, Nur Farhana Ahmad. "The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibres Filled with Calcium Carbonate Powder Reinforced Epoxy Composites in Coating Treatment Process for Roofing Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56551.

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Abstract: In Malaysia's construction industry, reinforced concrete utilisation is not a recent development. However, the problem of overuse of construction material including steel, bricks and cement are not environmentally friendly as it will lead to greenhouse effect. On the other hand, bamboo is a natural resource which have a big population and promising material to be used in construction due to the strength, durability, and ability to replace steel in concrete. To solve the issues, bamboo fibre will be utilised as reinforcement in concrete. The research objective of this study is to determine the value of maximum and minimum force of bamboo with different arrangement of layer orientation for usefulness in roofing construction and to determine the effect of water absorption in bamboo-composite reinforcement for long term effects in roofing structure. The effect of using flame retardant materials in mechanical properties for bamboo laminate composites also has been studied. The experimental work focuses on the fabrication method which is hand layup technique. Then, the physical and mechanical test to determine workability and strength between coated and uncoated bamboo laminate composite were compared. The chemical treatment may enhance surface interaction, and at coated bamboo fibre, it alters the fibres' capacity to compact, which improved stress distribution and resulted in minimal void formation. This study is also to encourage the usage of natural renewable material as an alternative construction material.

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Qiu, Kaixin, Song Chen, Chen Wang, Bowei Yang, and Jiuhong Jiang. "Optimal Design of Multi-Scale Fibre-Reinforced Cement-Matrix Composites Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Design." Polymers 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132898.

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Cement-matrix composite are typical multi-scale composite materials, the failure process has the characteristics of gradual, multi-scale and multi-stage damage. In order to delay the multi-stage damage process of cement-matrix composites, the defects of different scales are suppressed by using different scales of fibres and fly ash (FA), and the overall performance of cement-matrix composites is improved, a new multi-scale fibre-reinforced cement-based composite composed of millimetre-scale polyvinyl alcohol fibre (PVA), micron-scale calcium carbonate whisker (CW), and nano-scale carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was designed in this study. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and chloride ion permeability coefficient were used as assessment indices by the orthogonal test design. The impacts of the three fibre scales and fly ash on each individual index were examined, and the overall performance of the multi-scale fibre-reinforced cementitious materials (MSFRCC) was then optimized using grey correlation analysis. The optimized mix ratio for overall performance was PVA: 1.5%, CW: 2%, CNTs: 0.1%, FA: 40%. Compared with the optimal results for each group, the compressive strength of the final optimized MSFRCC group decreased by 8.9%, the flexural strength increased by 28.4%, the splitting tensile strength increased by 10%, and the chloride ion permeability coefficient decreased by 5.7%. The results show that the compressive performance and resistance to chloride ion penetration of the optimized group are slightly worse than those of the optimal group in the orthogonal test, but its flexural performance and splitting tensile performance are significantly improved.

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Nam, Sunghyun, Yaewon Park, Matthew B. Hillyer, Rebecca J. Hron, Nicholas Ernst, SeChin Chang, Brian D. Condon, Doug J. Hinchliffe, Ericka Ford, and Bruce C. Gibb. "Thermal properties and surface chemistry of cotton varieties mineralized with calcium carbonate polymorphs by cyclic dipping." RSC Advances 10, no. 58 (2020): 35214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06265k.

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Hydroentangled nonwovens of raw white cotton fiber, scoured white cotton fiber, and raw brown cotton fiber are effective hosts for mineralization of calcium carbonate polymorphs to modify and improve their thermal and surface properties.

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Zhu, Fanghui, Lihui Zheng, Yang Zhao, Qifan Chang, Jiahui Li, and Qinhao Zhang. "Plugging Efficiency in Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs Using Fuzzy-Ball Fluids Combined with Solid Plugging Agents." Energies 16, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 6688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186688.

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Loss encountered during workover operation is a common challenge in the development of fractured carbonate gas reservoirs. Fuzzy-ball fluid, a non-solid phase plugging material developed based on Fuzzy Sealaplugging Theory, has been widely used in killing the well. However, in the plugging of fractured carbonate gas reservoirs, a substantial volume of Fuzzy-ball fluid is required and the pressurization process is time-consuming, which greatly impairs its application. In this study, solid plugging agents including calcium carbonate and fibers are introduced into Fuzzy-ball fluids to improve the plugging efficiency of large-scale macro-fractures. In particular, the plugging performance was evaluated by the indoor plugging of a synthetic core containing a 5 mm wide wedge-shaped fracture, as well as by field trials in two wells. The results show that the plugging ability of the new fluid increases as the concentration of calcium carbonate or fiber increases. Moreover, a more significant enhancement of plugging efficiency was achieved by fibers. In field applications, the use of Fuzzy-ball fluids with calcium carbonate or fibers reduced the volume of fluid consumed by 33~74% and decreased the pressurization time by 33~69%. Therefore, by combining solid plugging agents with Fuzzy-ball fluids, the dual demand for plugging efficiency and cost-effectiveness for fractured carbonate gas reservoirs is achieved simultaneously, which provides an alternative technique for addressing fluid loss in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs.

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Zhang, Xutao, Xikuan Lyu, Xuwei Zhang, and Chao Lou. "Effect of high temperature on mechanical properties of polyethylene fibre-calcium carbonate whisker engineered cementitious composites." Developments in the Built Environment 18 (April 2024): 100462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100462.

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42

Steenkamer, D. A., and J. L. Sullivan. "The performance of calcium carbonate filled, random fiber composites." Polymer Composites 20, no. 3 (June 1999): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10365.

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43

Wongsorat, Wittawat, Nitinat Suppakarn, and Kasama Jarukumjorn. "Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.646.

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Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

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Suprayadi, Lalu Nata, and Jauhar Fajrin B. "Degradation of Kapok Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites with Calcium Carbonate Filler in Seawater." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 3786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3235.

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This research investigates the development of polyester composites reinforced with kapok fiber and CaCO3 filler to reduce environmental impact. Natural fibers, valued for their lightweight, fire resistance, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability, are commonly used in composites. However, synthetic fibers, despite their superior mechanical properties, raise environmental concerns. The study focuses on the composites' performance, stability, and endurance in harsh conditions. Kapok fibers were manually extracted, and CaCO3 powder was sieved to 80 mesh. Composite samples were created with varying volume fractions of CaCO3 powder and kapok fibers, using polyester as the matrix. Tensile and bending tests, according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 standards, were conducted on these samples. Additionally, water absorption was assessed gravimetrically, and mechanical strength degradation was studied via immersion in artificial seawater at different temperatures. Results indicated that water absorption increased with higher fiber volume fractions in the composite, primarily due to the water-absorbing capabilities of natural fibers and CaCO3 particles, surpassing that of polyester resin. Increased immersion temperatures accelerated water diffusion, impacting interactions between water molecules, polymer chains, and natural fibers. Furthermore, an increase in the CaCO3 filler volume fraction negatively affected the mechanical strength of kapok polyester-fiber composites. This was attributed to the agglomeration of CaCO3 powder, disrupting the polyester resin's viscosity and damaging the bond between kapok fiber and the matrix. The composites exhibited their highest tensile strength with 10% CaCO3 filler before immersion, but this strength decreased following exposure to high temperatures.

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Lu, Yingqing, Chunhua Cai, Jiaping Lin, and Qixin Zhuang. "Formation of CaCO3 fibres directed by polypeptide vesicles." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 21 (2016): 3721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00759g.

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E. C., Chuku,, and Emiri, U. N. "Varietal Effects on the Nutrient Composition of Saccharum Officinarum." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (August 29, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13554.

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Studies on the varietal effects on the nutrient composition of Saccharum officinarum were carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology and the Food Science and Technology Laboratories in Rivers State University. The sugar components assessed were glucose, fructose and sucrose. Sucrose was highest in both varieties compared to others. Nevertheless, the yellow variety had higher total sugar content (82. 9±0.00). The assessment of mineral composition of S. officinarum showed that the red variety had higher values for all the parameters namely calcium, sodium, iron, chlorine, copper, phosphorus and magnesium with an exception in potassium, sulphur and carboxylic acid which were higher in the yellow variety. It was also observed that vitamins A and C values were higher in the red variety. The proximate analysis indicated that the red variety had higher values for carbonate ash, cane fibre, solid bagasse, soluble solid and salt. However, moisture (76.5±0.02), protein (0.71±0.01) and juice fibre (0.8±0.01) were higher in the yellow variety.

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Damodaran, Pooja, and Lakshmi Thangasamy. "Experimental investigation on mechanical properties and characterization of steel fibre concrete with Bacillus subtilis." E3S Web of Conferences 387 (2023): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338703002.

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Building cracks spoil the aesthetic view of the structure along with degrading the strength of the structure. It leads to the failure of the structure as a whole. Propagation of cracks in the concrete surface increases the chance of permeability due to moisture content in the atmosphere which might corrode the internal reinforcements. To overcome this situation, a solution in the form of fibre-reinforced self-healing concrete was suggested in this research work. Steel fibre was added by varying 0%,1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% interms of volume of concrete to prolong fatigue life and decrease the crack width under fatigue loading. Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) are used to heal the cracks by producing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a result. Bacterial concrete with fibre (BCF) was cast by M30 mix as per Indian Standard Code. Studied concrete's mechanical and microstructural properties like compression strength test, flexural strength test, split tensile strength test, SEM images, EDS, XRD and FTIR methods. From microstructural studies, it is clear that there is sufficient self-healing material in broken concrete, hence the efficiency of BCF's self-healing property is commendable and the ability of the generated BCF concrete to regain strength.

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Amir, N. F., A. Mohd Aris, A. Mohamad, N. A. Umor, S. Abdullah, and F. Z. Mohd Yusof. "Mycelium running of volvariella volvacea on palm oil empty fruit bunch fibre following different substrate and mycelium treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1151, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1151/1/012054.

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Abstract Leading the palm oil industry, Malaysia strives to become the powerhouse of palm oil producers. However, it is crucial that the industry does not influence the environment negatively in any way. Thus, reusing and repurposing palm oil residues in mushroom farming is one of the potential solutions for agricultural waste management. In this study, the objective of this study is to determine the mycelial performance of V. volvacea in palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre as substrate and to evaluate the mycelial growth performance of V. volvacea in two different substrate treatment. The substrate treatment involved the non-treated EFB fibres (N substrate) and EFB fibres treated with 10% Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) (T substrate), and mycelium treatment involved in gamma-irradiated mycelium (G sample) and non-irradiated mycelium (NG sample). Results shows that mycelium inoculated on treated EFB fibres exhibited a higher growth rate compared to non-treated EFB fibres. The full colonization days of mycelial run-on substrate using treated substrate was found reduced from 15 days to 9 days, as compared to the non-treated substrate. However, gamma irradiated mycelium was found giving no significant changes to the rate of mycelial run. In conclusion, substrate treated with CaCO3, increased the growth of mycelium. In future, it is suggested to measure the effect of irradiation using different gamma irradiation exposure.

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Calis, Gokhan, Sadik Alper Yildizel, Selin Erzin, and Bassam A. Tayeh. "Evaluation and optimisation of foam concrete containing ground calcium carbonate and glass fibre (experimental and modelling study)." Case Studies in Construction Materials 15 (December 2021): e00625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00625.

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Merk, Vivian, Munish Chanana, Tobias Keplinger, Sabyasachi Gaan, and Ingo Burgert. "Hybrid wood materials with improved fire retardance by bio-inspired mineralisation on the nano- and submicron level." Green Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2015): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01862a.

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Анотація:

Sustainable societies require the development of engineered hybrid materials. Bio-inspired mineralization of the wood cell wall architecture with calcium carbonate offers a green alternative to conventional fire-retardant systems.