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Статті в журналах з теми "Fiber Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

Оновлено: 7 вересня 2023

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1

Laudati, A., F. Mennella, M. Giordano, G. D'Altrui, C. Calisti Tassini, and A. Cusano. "A Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 19, no. 24 (December 2007): 1991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.909628.

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2

Li, Yuqing, Kuo Li, Guoyong Liu, Juan Tian, and Yanchun Wang. "A pre-relaxed FBG accelerometer using transverse forces with high sensitivity and improved resonant frequency." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.918.

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Анотація:

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometers using transverse forces have higher sensitivity but lower resonant frequency than ones using axial forces. By shortening the distance between the two fixed ends of the FBG, the resonant frequency can be improved without lowing the sensitivity. Here, a compact FBG accelerometer using transverse forces with a slightly pre-relaxed FBG and 25mm distance between the two fixed ends has been demonstrated with the crest-to-trough sensitivity 1.1nm/g at 5Hz and the resonant frequency 42Hz. It reveals that making the FBG slightly pre-relaxed rather than pre-stretched also improves the tradeoff between the sensitivity and resonant frequency. Full Text: PDF References:Kawasaki, B. S. , Hill, K. O , Johnson, D. C. , & Fujii, Y. , "Narrow-band Bragg reflectors in optical fibers", Optics Letters 3, 66 (1978) [CrossRef]K. O. Hill, and G. Meltz, "Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview", Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, 1263 (1997) [CrossRef]B. Lee, "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors", Optical Fiber Technology, 9, 57-79 (2003) [CrossRef]Laudati, A. , Mennella, F. , Giordano, M. , D"Altrui, G. , Tassini, C. C. , & Cusano, A., "A Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 19, 1991 (2007) [CrossRef]P. F. Costa Antunes, C. A. Marques, H. Varum, and P. S. Andre, "Biaxial Optical Accelerometer and High-Angle Inclinometer With Temperature and Cross-Axis Insensitivity", IEEE Sens. J. 12, 2399 (2012) [CrossRef]Guo, Y. , Zhang, D. , Zhou, Z. , Xiong, L. , & Deng, X., "Welding-packaged accelerometer based on metal-coated FBG", Chinese Optics Letters, 11, 21 (2013). [CrossRef]Zhang, Y. , Zhang, W. , Zhang, Y. , Chen, L. , Yan, T. , & Wang, S. , et al., "2-D Medium–High Frequency Fiber Bragg Gratings Accelerometer", IEEE Sensors Journal, 17, 614(2017) [CrossRef]Xiu-bin Zhu, "A novel FBG velocimeter with wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement", Optoelectronics Letters, 14, 276-279 (2018) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Yau, M. H. , Chan, T. H. T. , Thambiratnam, D., "Fiber Bragg grating strain modulation based on nonlinear string transverse-force amplifier", & Tam, H. Y. , Optics Letters, 38, 311 (2013) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. T. , Yau, M. H. , Nguyen, T. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Very sensitive fiber Bragg grating accelerometer using transverse forces with an easy over-range protection and low cross axial sensitivity", Applied Optics, 52, 6401 (2013) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. T. , Yau, M. H. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Biaxial Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer Using Axial and Transverse Forces", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 26, 1549 (2014). [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. , Yau, M. H. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Experimental verification of the modified spring-mass theory of fiber Bragg grating accelerometers using transverse forces", Applied Optics, 53, 1200-1211(2014) [CrossRef]

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3

Johni, Riyam, Kanar Tariq, Roshen Ahmadhamdi, and David Forsyth. "Investigation into Fiber Optic Seismic Sensor incorporating Fiber Bragg Grating Array." Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.318987.1111.

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4

Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Simulation of Fibre Bragg Grating as Strain Sensor for Property Intrusion." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39539.

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Abstract: This study will demonstrate a strain sensor based on the optical Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology as it is known to have stable and reliable wavelength and response as function of the applied strain. This kind of sensor can perform accurate measurements of small ground vibration and monitor seismic activity thanks to their high sensitivity to dynamic strains induced by acceleration variation which can use to prevent property intrusion or burglary. To understand the FBG sensor more, few of its characteristics such as strain, spectral reflectivity and bandwidth and their connection with the fibre grating length and refractive index is being studied. Keywords: Fibre Bragg Grating(FBG); strain sensor; strain; spectral reflectivity; bandwidth; fibre grating length; refractive index; safety; property intrusion.

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5

Zhou, Jinghai, Li Sun, and Hongnan Li. "Study on Dynamic Response Measurement of the Submarine Pipeline by Full-Term FBG Sensors." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/808075.

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The field of structural health monitoring is concerned with accurately and reliably assessing the integrity of a given structure to reduce ownership costs, increase operational lifetime, and improve safety. In structural health monitoring systems, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a promising measurement technology for its superior ability of explosion proof, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and high accuracy. This paper is a study on the dynamic characteristics of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors applied to a submarine pipeline, as well as an experimental investigation on a laboratory model of the pipeline. The dynamic response of a submarine pipeline under seismic excitation is a coupled vibration of liquid and solid interaction. FBG sensors and strain gauges are used to monitor the dynamic response of a submarine pipeline model under a variety of dynamic loading conditions and the maximum working frequency of an FBG strain sensor is calculated according to its dynamic strain responses. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, it can be concluded that FBG sensor is superior to strain gauge and satisfies the demand of dynamic strain measurement.

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6

Wang, Jin-Yu, Guang-Dong Song, Xiao-Hui Liu, Chang Wang, and Tong-Yu Liu. "A High Sensitive Micro-Seismic Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) Sensor System." Procedia Engineering 26 (2011): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2235.

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7

Hong, Li, Yufeng Zhang, Lixin Li, Peng Zhang, and Jiaxuan Liu. "Low-frequency FBG vibration sensors for micro-seismic monitoring." Measurement Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (July 12, 2023): 105120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ace4e7.

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Abstract Vibration sensors are key components in low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring, and their performance directly determines the accuracy of monitoring results. In response to the current problem that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensors are difficult to effectively monitor micro-seismic low-frequency vibration signals, a rigid L-shaped beam FBG vibration sensor based on bearings is proposed. Firstly, a sensor model is established and theoretically analyzed; secondly, key parameters are optimized using differential evolution algorithm and imported into COMSOL simulation software for static stress analysis and dynamic characteristic analysis; finally, the sensor prototype is developed and a low-frequency vibration test system is set up to verify the sensor performance. The results reveal that the inherent frequency of the sensor is 57 Hz, with a flat response band of 0.3–35 Hz, a frequency lower limit of 0.05 Hz, a transverse interference degree of 4.5%, an average sensitivity of over 800 pm g−1, a dynamic range of 67.75 dB, favorable linearity, and the ability to achieve temperature self-compensation. Research findings provide new insights into low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring.

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8

Weng, Yinyan, Xueguang Qiao, Tuan Guo, Manli Hu, Zhongyao Feng, Ruohui Wang, and Jing Zhang. "A Robust and Compact Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensor for Seismic Measurement." IEEE Sensors Journal 12, no. 4 (April 2012): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2011.2166258.

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9

Yu, Junzhe, Pengbai Xu, Zhangjun Yu, Kunhua Wen, Jun Yang, Yuncai Wang, and Yuwen Qin. "Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125600.

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Submarine optical cables, utilized as fiber-optic sensors for seismic monitoring, are gaining increasing interest because of their advantages of extending the detection coverage, improving the detection quality, and enhancing long-term stability. The fiber-optic seismic monitoring sensors are mainly composed of the optical interferometer, fiber Bragg grating, optical polarimeter, and distributed acoustic sensing, respectively. This paper reviews the principles of the four optical seismic sensors, as well as their applications of submarine seismology over submarine optical cables. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the current technical requirements are concluded, respectively. This review can provide a reference for studying submarine cable-based seismic monitoring.

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10

Wang, Jin-Yu, Tong-Yu Liu, Chang Wang, Xiao-Hui Liu, Dian-Heng Huo, and Jun Chang. "A micro-seismic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system based on a distributed feedback laser." Measurement Science and Technology 21, no. 9 (July 28, 2010): 094012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/9/094012.

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11

Duan, Xu, Qi Dong, and Wanjun Ye. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Utility Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 27, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8968260.

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Utility tunnel is a kind of underground tunnel structure that carries more than two types of public utility lines, and the utility tunnels built by the prefabricated method have been adopted in many modern cities due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about the seismic performance of the prefabricated utility tunnel and pipelines inside is quite limited. In this paper, a prefabricated utility tunnel newly built in Xi’an, China, is taken as the prototype; a series of shaking table tests are conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the prefabricated utility tunnel in loess foundation, using El Centro earthquake wave as the input loading. Details of the experimental setup focus on the design of the soil container, scaled model (1 : 10), sensor arrangement, and test cases. Dynamic responses including evaluation of boundary effect, the amplification factor of the ground and structure, distribution of soil pressure, characteristics of predominant frequencies, and the damage phenomena are analyzed. Dynamic strain obtained by Fiber Bragg Grating sensors releases the critical positions of the prefabricated utility tunnel during the earthquake. Moreover, the dynamic responses of the pipelines contained in the utility tunnel are also analyzed. From aforementioned results, the seismic performance of the prefabricated utility tunnel has been revealed. The results will provide a reference for the seismic design of prefabricated utility tunnels.

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12

WU, ZHISHEN, ADEKUNLE PHILIPS ADEWUYI, and SONGTAO XUE. "IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER PROGRESSIVE SEISMIC EXCITATION STAGES." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 05, no. 02 (June 2011): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431111001030.

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Prompt and accurate detection of realistic damage in constructed facilities is critical for effective condition assessment and structural health monitoring. This paper reports the experimental investigations of eccentric reinforced concrete columns mounted onto a shaking table and subject to progressively increasing seismic excitations. The investigation was aimed at studying the changes in the dynamic parameters in order to assess the structural conditions of the concrete columns after each post-seismic stage. The dynamic response of the structure was measured using accelerometers, traditional foil-strain gauges, and long-gauge fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The post-seismic conditions of the columns were evaluated via vibration-based damage identification methods. Results from this study demonstrate the applicability of specially packaged surface-mounted long-gauge FBG sensors for detecting the initiation and the progression of cracks due to reverse dynamic loads. The concept of modal macrostrain analysis was also introduced to identify and localize mild damage due to the applied seismic excitations of increasing intensities. The performance of the sensors for structural identification is also discussed.

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13

Wang, Mingming, Jianyun Chen, Hai Wei, Bingyue Song, and Weirong Xiao. "Investigation on Seismic Damage Model Test of a High Concrete Gravity Dam Based on Application of FBG Strain Sensor." Complexity 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7837836.

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A 203-m-high gravity dam being built in earthquake-prone areas needs to be investigated very carefully to determine its dynamic responses, damage mechanism, and safety evaluation. The dynamic characteristics, seismic responses, failure mode, and safety evaluation of the above structure are presented through dynamic fracture test for small-scale model on shaking table. Because the strength of the model material is very low, the traditional strain gauge is also not easy to be glued to the surface of model. It is difficult to measure the accurate strain data of small-scale model during testing. Therefore, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensor is presented to obtain the strain of small-scale model during testing, due to its high sensitivity. The dynamic strain and residual strain are obtained with the FBG sensors embedded in model. The FBG sensor is adhered to model material completely and shows advantages of ease for installation, high sensitivity, and reliability compared with traditional resistance strain gauge. The model during testing is submitted with earthquake wave from the Chinese Code. In the experiment, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the first crack in the model indicates the safety level of the gravity dam. The crack locations and forms determine the damageable part of gravity dam under intense earthquake. After the final analysis, the safety evaluation result of the gravity dam under strong earthquake is given in order to guide the implementation of the project.

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14

Gattulli, Vincenzo, Francesco Potenza, Jessica Toti, Filippo Valvona, and Giancarlo Marcari. "Ecosmart Reinforcement for a Masonry Polycentric Pavilion Vault." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010259.

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In the cultural life of modern societies great importance has acquired the preservation of existing and, in particular, ancient architectural heritage. With the inherent historical aspects, the economic implications have to be taken into account as well. Indeed, especially European cities and countries receive significant economic advantages by the existence of monuments and ancient suburbs. In this context, structural maintenance, strengthening and monitoring has gained an important academic and professional impulse. The present paper aims to present the results of a real scale experimental work regarding the application of an innovative seismic retrofitting technique for masonry walls and vaults by Hydraulic Lime Mortar strengthened by Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer textile grids (HLM-GFRP) embedding new sensing systems as fiber optical sensors. The real scale specimen is a masonry polycentric pavilion vault that was damaged during the L’Aquila earthquake of April 2009. The need of eco compatibility of bonding material with masonry support implies the use of HLM-GFRP as strengthening system. On the other hand, the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) has a large number of advantages in opposite to electrical measuring methods. Example are: small sensor dimensions, low weight as well as high static and dynamic resolution of measured values, distributed sensing feature allowing to detect anomalies in load transfer between reinforcement and substrate and the location of eventual cracking patterns. A suitable Finite Element (FE) model is developed both to assess the effectiveness of the HLM-GFRP strengthening layers in retrofitting of the masonry vault and to define the strain field essential to the design of the FBG sensors network.

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15

Valvona, Filippo, Jessica Toti, Vincenzo Gattulli, and Francesco Potenza. "Effective seismic strengthening and monitoring of a masonry vault by using Glass Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix with embedded Fiber Bragg Grating sensors." Composites Part B: Engineering 113 (March 2017): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.024.

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16

Zhang, Chunwei, Zeshan Alam, Li Sun, Zhongxin Su, and Bijan Samali. "Fibre Bragg grating sensor-based damage response monitoring of an asymmetric reinforced concrete shear wall structure subjected to progressive seismic loads." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 26, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): e2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.2307.

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17

Coricciati, Angela, Ilaria Ingrosso, Antonio Paolo Sergi, and Alessandro Largo. "Application of Smart FRP Devices for the Structural Health Monitoring of Heritage Buildings - A Case Study: The Monastery of Sant’Angelo d’Ocre." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.448.

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Анотація:

The preservation of heritage buildings requires multidisciplinary skills ranging from materials and seismic design up to structural monitoring.One of the most interesting innovative solution that is being developing in the last years is based on smart FRP (FRP – Fibre Reinforced Polymer) devices, which can combine contemporary reinforcing and monitoring purposes. The use of composite materials has many advantages in comparison with traditional retrofitting techniques, such as low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, ease of handling, drapability, speed of installation, low thickness and visual impact. At the same time, monitoring the structure during its lifetime (strain, cracks, temperature, etc.) and evaluating its in-service integrity, in order to predict possible anomalous situations, can be achieved by the combination of FRP materials and embedded fibre optic sensors into a smart FRP device, suitable for both reinforcing and monitoring purposes. Optical fibres can provide reliable measurement even in harsh environment, as they are chemically durable, corrosion resistant, stable and insensitive to external electromagnetic and environmental perturbations, allowing long distances signal transmission and several measures in different points along the same optical fibre (multiplexing). Furthermore, the embedding into composite material will preserve them from rupture during handling and installation.In the present work, the application of smart FRP devices for the structural health monitoring of the Monastery in Sant’Angelo d’Ocre, L’Aquila, performed in the framework of the national project PROVACI, is reported.Six Smart Patches, consisting of FRP reinforcing sheet with point FBG (Fibre Bragg Grating) sensors embedded were applied on the extrados of two different vaults, while four Smart Rebars, consisting in FRP pultruded bars with distributed optical fibres sensors embedded, were installed in four buttress of one same vault. All the smart FRP devices, after being cabled, have been connected to the relative control units (BraggMETER from Fibersensing for FBG sensors and OBR4600 control unit of Luna Technologies for the distributed optical sensors) connected with a remote server for on-line remote monitoring.Before the installation, the Smart FRP devices have been preliminary calibrated and tested in the laboratory in terms of mechanical properties, strain sensitivity and accelerated aging.The monitoring on the Monastery has been conducted for five months, showing the reliability of entire system and of the signal transmitted by each sensor over the time.

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18

Li, Xupeng, Jianhui Long, Shiyi Guo, Manchun Yang, Tianxing Zhang, Chengji An, and Yuanyuan Pei. "Experimental study on FBG sensing technology-based stress monitoring at the corners of reinforced soil retaining walls." Science Progress 105, no. 4 (October 2022): 003685042211353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504221135380.

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As a unique type of flexible slope fill-retaining structure, reinforced soil-retaining walls have the advantages of convenient construction, broad application conditions, good seismic performance, and high economic benefits. In general, reinforced soil-retaining walls appear at corners due to the restriction in topographic conditions during engineering construction. However, their special structures and stress conditions are usually ignored, thus triggering panel bulging, cracking, and collapse. In this study, an experimental method based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology was proposed for a physical model of reinforced soil-retaining walls. Then, a uniformly distributed load experiment was performed on this model by combining the measurement advantages of intelligent wire-type soil pressure sensors and the flexible characteristics of geotechnical reinforcement materials. The deformation development of this reinforced soil-retaining wall was monitored. Results revealed that before and after the loading of the reinforced soil-retaining wall, the deformation was mainly concentrated above the retaining wall, and the deformation scale at the corners was larger than that in the bilateral linear parts. After loading, the largest force deformation area on the retaining wall was transferred from the corners to the load area. The maximum strain was right beneath the load above the retaining wall, and the peak value at the other layers gradually approached the retaining wall. The experimental results prove that FBG sensing technology is feasible and effective for the whole-process monitoring of reinforced soil-retaining walls and is thus worthy of popularization and application.

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19

Othonos, Andreas. "Fiber Bragg grating laser sensor." Optical Engineering 32, no. 11 (1993): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.147704.

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20

Ying Chaofu, 应朝福, 彭保进 Peng Baojin, 任志君 Ren Zhijun, 万旭 Wan Xu, 朱银燕 Zhu Yinyan, and 庞辉 Pang Hui. "Demodulation Method of Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Using Blazed Fiber Bragg Grating." Chinese Journal of Lasers 37, no. 11 (2010): 2891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20103711.2891.

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21

Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Simulation of Fiber Bragg Grating Characteristics and Behaviors as Strain and Temperature Sensor." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38883.

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Abstract: Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS) has come quite considerable and famous in world of sensor technology where it has been used widely to detect for a changeable environment and responds to some output on other system such as in industrial, chemical analysis and monitoring. A Fiber Bragg Grating (Fiber Bragg Grating) is a kind of appropriated where the short fragment of optical fiber which certain and specific wavelength is reflected with light and the Bragg reflector started developed and transmits all others. The current project is concerned with the development characteristics and behaviors of strain and temperature sensors acting on Fiber Bragg Grating by a computer simulation. This study focuses on analyzing the performance of the characteristics and behavior of strain and temperature sensors acting on Fiber Bragg Grating. A strain sensor is used to measure strain on an object of which the resistance varies range with applied force. Meanwhile,for the temperature sensor is used to measure and detect any abnormality of temperature acting on Fiber Bragg Grating such as can lead into fire and accidents. This will found out on how Fiber Bragg Grating can demonstrate strain and temperature sensors. A simulation of the computer program (MATLAB) will be carried out to simulate due to the strain and temperature sensor of Fiber Bragg Grating. Keywords Fiber Bragg Grating, sensors; Strain; Temperature; Simulation; MATLAB

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22

Marwan L. Yousf, Ihssan A. Kadham, Tahreer S. Mansour, and Khalil I. Hajim. "Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2014.07403.

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In this work, uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor system were implemented and investigated due to measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift. An (FBG) is an optical fiber in which the refractive index in the core is perturbed by Germanium, forming a periodic index modulation profile. When light is guided through a fiber granting, it is scattered at each diffraction plane, except at those wavelengths which satisfy the Bragg resonance conditionAn important application of FBG technology is sensing. The reflected wavelength from the FBG depends on physical properties such as temperature. By integration the FBG with broadband light, the shift in peak reflectivity wavelength can be used as a measure for the temperature.It has been shown from the results that the FBG is very sensitive to variations in temperature degrees and the sensitivity was (1pm/0.1°C), also observed from the results, the relation between the shifted Bragg wavelength and temperature degrees was linear.

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23

Lesiak, Piotr, Adam Widomski, Łukasz Szelągowski, Piotr Sobotka, Anna Dużyńska, Anna Wróblewska, Konrad Markowski, Tomasz Osuch, and Tomasz Woliński. "Fiber Bragg grating as UVA sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.806.

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The idea of this paper implies the possibility to exploit the properties of graphene oxide (GO) to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) UVA radiation sensor design. The idea assumes that a temperature change around the fiber can be induced by UVA radiation. UVA lighting will increase the internal energy of the GO and consequently locally raise the temperature on the surface of the optical fiber with FBG sensor and changing Bragg wavelength Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. N. Azwa, B. F. Yousif, A. C. Manalo, W. Karunasena, " A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres", Materials & Design, Vol. 47, pp. 424-442, 2013 CrossRef B. R?nby, "Photochemical modification of polymers - photocrosslinking, surface photografting, and lamination", Polymer Ing. & Science, Vol. 38, Iss. 8, pp 1229-1243, 1998 CrossRef P. Lesiak, M. Szeląg, D. Budaszewski, R. Plaga, K. Mileńko, G. Rajan, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, A. Boczkowska, A. Domański, T. Woliński, "Influence of lamination process on optical fiber sensors embedded in composite material", Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 2275-2280, 2012 CrossRef G. Eda et al., "Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material", Nature Nanotechnology 3, 270 (2008) CrossRef H. J. Kim et al., "Unoxidized Graphene/Alumina Nanocomposite: Fracture- and Wear-Resistance Effects of Graphene on Alumina Matrix", Scientific Reports 4, 5176 (2014) CrossRef A. Wróblewska et al., "Statistical analysis of the reduction process of graphene oxide probed by Raman spectroscopy mapping", Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 29, 475201 (2017) CrossRef P. Lesiak, P. Sobotka, M. Bieda, A. Dużyńska, A. Wróblewska, M. Chychłowski and T. R. Woliński, "Innovative UV sensor based on highly birefringent fiber covered by graphene oxide", Photonics Letters of Poland Vol. 7, No 4, pp. 124-126, 2015 CrossRef B. Qi, M. Bannister, X. Liu, A. Michie, L. Rajasekera, B. Ashton, Response of an embedded fibre Bragg grating to thermal and mechanical loading in a composite laminate, IOME Australasia, Materials Forum 27 (2004) 93?100. DirectLink E. Chehura, C-C. Ye, S. Staines, S. James, R. Tatam, Characterisation of the response of fibre Bragg gratings fabricated in stress and geometrically induced high birefringence fibres to temperature and transverse load, Smart Materials and Structures 13 (2004) 888?895. CrossRef K. Schroeder et al., A fiber Bragg grating sensor system monitors operational load in a wind turbine rotor blade, Measurement Science & Technology 17 (2006) 1167?1172. CrossRef Z. Zhou, Q. Liu, Q. Ai, C. Xu, Intelligent monitoring and diagnosis for modern mechanical equipment based on the integration of embedded technology and FBGS technology, Measurement 44 (9) (2011) 1499?1511 CrossRef Z. C. Wu et al., Science 305, 1273 (2004) CrossRef A. Jorio, M. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, and G. F. Dresselhaus, Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Related Systems (Wiley-VCH, 2011) CrossRef G. Sobon, J. Sotor, J. Jagiello, R. Kozinski, M. Zdrojek, M. Holdynski, P. Paletko, J. Boguslawski, L. Lipinska, and K. M. Abramski "Graphene Oxide vs. Reduced Graphene Oxide as saturable absorbers for Er-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser" Optics Express 20, 19463 (2012) CrossRef

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24

Xu, Li, Ning Liu, Jia Ge, Xianqiao Wang, and Mable P. Fok. "Stretchable fiber-Bragg-grating-based sensor." Optics Letters 43, no. 11 (May 18, 2018): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.002503.

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25

Wang, Guina, Jie Zeng, Hao Mu, and Dakai Liang. "Fiber Bragg grating sensor network optimization." Photonic Sensors 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2015): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-015-0195-6.

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26

Xing, S. Y., Q. Wang, and A. X. Liu. "Research on basic principle and calibration experiment of fiber bragg grating sensor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012040.

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Abstract Fiber bragg grating has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, small volume, low energy consumption, high sensitivity and measurement accuracy, and is widely used in the field of structural health monitoring. the structure and basic principle of fiber bragg grating sensor are introduced. the change of temperature, stress and other parameters will lead to the change of reflection center wavelength. The strain and temperature sensitivity coefficients of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors with different wavelengths are obtained. The fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is developed, and the calibration experiment of the sensor is carried out. The loading equipment is the loading tester. The linearity of the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor is good, and it has a good prospect of engineering civil application.

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27

Bartelt, Hartmut. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Sensor Arrays." Advances in Science and Technology 55 (September 2008): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.55.138.

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Fiber Bragg gratings have found widespread application in sensor systems, e. g. for temperature, strain or refractive index measurements. The concept of fiber Bragg gratings allows also in a simple way the realisation of arrays of such sensors. The development of such optical fiber sensor systems often requires special fibers and grating structures which may go beyond more conventional Bragg grating structures in typical communication fibers. Concerning fibers there is, for example., a need of achieving fiber gratings in small diameter fibers and fiber tapers as well as in microstructured fibers. Special fiber grating structures are of interest e.g. in the visible wavelength range, which requires smaller spatial structures compared to more conventional gratings in the near infrared wavelength region. Examples for such modern developments in fiber Bragg grating technology for sensor applications will be presented and discussed.

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28

Peng, Li, Chuan Li, Zhen Gang Zhao, Sheng Wu, and Ying Na Li. "Spring-Steel Pipe Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.233.

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Structure’s strain reflects the stability of the project, the excessive structural strain will destroy the stability of the structure. Fiber Bragg Grating has many features, such as, strong anti-interference ability, low optical loss, and it can be used for a long time in the project, etc. Base on the features, the Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor can be used in slope and other projects for the long-term monitoring. In this paper, we develop a Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor based on the spring-steel pipe, FBG be fixed to the inner of the steel pipe by epoxy glue, it is protected by a stainless steel pipe outside, the Flange be fixed to the both side of the spring-steel pipe. When the tension acting one the flanges, the spring-steel pipe occurs an axial strain, this axial strain makes the center wavelength of the Fiber Bragg Grating change, measuring the wavelength shift amount of the Fiber Bragg Grating can calculate the strain. The loading experiment indicates that the sensitivity of the Spring-steel pipe Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor is 0.81pm/με, the linearity of the sensor is 2.1%FS, and the repeatability error of the sensor is 2.29%FS.

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29

Sungchul Kim, Seungwoo Kim, Jaejoon Kwon, and Byoungho Lee. "Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor demodulator using a chirped fiber grating." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 13, no. 8 (August 2001): 839–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.935821.

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30

Lee, Songbi, and Joohyeon Lee. "Braided Fabrication of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185246.

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Our objective was to construct textile braiding manufacturing methods to facilitate high precision and accurate measurements using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors for various structures. We aimed to combine three-dimensional (3D) braiding processing with the optical Bragg grating sensor’s accurate metrology. Outside the limits of the sensor’s epoxy attachment methods, the textile braiding method can diversify the scope of application. The braiding process can be used to design a 3D fabric module process for multiple objective mechanical fiber arrangements and material characteristics. Optical stress–strain response conditions were explored through the optimization of design elements between the Bragg grating sensor and the braiding. Here, Bragg grating sensors were located 75% away from the fiber center. The sensor core structure was helical with a 1.54 cm pitch, and a polyurethane synthetic yarn was braided together with the sensor using a weaving machine. From the prototype results, a negative Poisson’s ratio resulted in a curled braided Bragg grating sensor. The number of polyurethane strands was studied to determine the role of wrap angle in the braiding. The 12-strands condition showed an increase in double stress–strain response rate at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.3%, and the 16-strands condition was found to have noise affecting the sensor at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.5%. The findings suggested the application of braiding fabrication to the Bragg grating sensor could help to develop a new monitoring sensor.

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31

Wu, Fei, Xiang Po Chen, Jian Wang, and Rui Tao Li. "Research and Implementation of Blade Tip Timing Vibration Monitoring Method Based on Fiber Bragg Magnetic Coupling Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 823 (October 2013): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.232.

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Fiber Bragg grating sensor is a kind of optical fiber sensor, the sensing process based on fiber grating is through the external physical parameters on fiber Bragg wavelength modulation to obtain sensing information. It is a kind of wavelength modulation type optical fiber sensor. Fiber Bragg grating sensor can realize the direct measurement of temperature, strain and other physical quantities. This paper have the research and analysis on blade tip of mine by using fiber Bragg magnetic coupling sensor, in order to realize long distance and non-contact real-time safety monitoring of blade vibration. The paper first describes the theoretical method of the detection of blade tip timing vibration, then does the dynamic characteristic test. By means of the compare between normal and damaged blade, the method is proved feasible.

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32

GUO Yong-xing, 郭永兴, 熊. 丽. XIONG Li, 孔建益 KONG Jian-yi, 张赞允 ZHANG Zan-yun, and 秦. 丽. QIN Li. "Sliding type fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor." Optics and Precision Engineering 25, no. 1 (2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20172501.0050.

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33

Lin, Can. "Research on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Technology." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.411.

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This paper presents a method for the detection of transmission tower. It is a common phenomenon that high voltage and strong magnetic field exist in the environment of high voltage transmission tower. Compared with electronic sensor system, fiber Bragg grating sensing technology could resist harsh environment effectively. As a kind of passive devices, fiber Bragg grating tilt sensor can monitor the tilted state of high voltage tower easily. With the help of on-line monitoring system, we can effectively raise maintenance strategy for high voltage tower and analyze the variation trend of the tower. The system is convenient to repair and maintain the high voltage tower at the same time.

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34

Ni Kai, 倪凯, 徐海松 Xu Haisong, 董新永 Dong Xinyong, and 金永兴 Jin Yongxing. "Temperature-Independent Fiber Bragg Grating Tilt Sensor." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 7 (2010): 2104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103007.2104.

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35

Fajkus, Marcel, Petr Kovar, Jan Skapa, Jan Nedoma, Radek Martinek, and Vladimir Vasinek. "Design of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Networks." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 71 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3127642.

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36

Quintero, Sully, Arthur Braga, Hans Weber, Antonio Bruno, and Jefferson Araújo. "A Magnetostrictive Composite-Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor." Sensors 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2010): 8119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100908119.

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37

Ball, G. A., G. Meltz, and W. W. Morey. "Polarimetric heterodyning Bragg-grating fiber-laser sensor." Optics Letters 18, no. 22 (November 15, 1993): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.18.001976.

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38

Kersey, A. D., and T. A. Berkoff. "Fiber-optic Bragg-grating differential-temperature sensor." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 4, no. 10 (October 1992): 1183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.163773.

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39

Chen, Hsuan-Jen, Likarn Wang, and W. F. Liu. "Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating tilt sensor." Applied Optics 47, no. 4 (January 25, 2008): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.47.000556.

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40

Swee Chuan Tjin, Jianzhong Hao, Yu-. "A Pressure Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Grating." Fiber and Integrated Optics 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030119652.

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41

Samuel, Sosamma, Anish Kumar, and Chandan Kumar Mukhopadhyay. "Fiber Bragg grating tactile sensor for imaging." Optik 198 (December 2019): 163062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163062.

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42

Chen, Jinjie, Bo Liu, and Hao Zhang. "Review of fiber Bragg grating sensor technology." Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China 4, no. 2 (June 2011): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-011-0130-4.

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43

Tjin, Swee Chuan, Jianzhong Hao, Yu-Zhi Lam, Yoong Ching Ho, and Beng Koon Ng. "A Pressure Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Grating." Fiber and Integrated Optics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030151073038.

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44

Guan, B. O., H. Y. Tam, and S. Y. Liu. "Temperature-Independent Fiber Bragg Grating Tilt Sensor." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2004): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2003.820101.

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45

Takahashi, Nobuaki, Akihiro Hirose, and Sumio Takahashi. "Underwater Acoustic Sensor with Fiber Bragg Grating." Optical Review 4, no. 6 (November 1997): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-997-0691-z.

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46

Zhou, Qian, Ti-gang Ning, Li Pei, Jing Li, Chao Li, and Chan Zhang. "Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating strain sensor." Optoelectronics Letters 8, no. 6 (November 2012): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-012-2271-0.

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47

Ni, Kai, Xinyong Dong, Yongxing Jin, and Haisong Xu. "Temperature-independent fiber bragg grating tilt sensor." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 52, no. 10 (July 14, 2010): 2250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25425.

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48

Zhu, Dan Dan, and Peng Wang. "Study of Strain and Temperature Simultaneous Measurement Technology Based on Sampled Grating." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.529.

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Choice appropriate parameters of the sampled fiber Bragg grating base on the influence of the sampled fiber Bragg grating length, sampling rate, refractive index modulation depth and sampling period to the reflective spectrum of sampled fiber Bragg grating. Get the reflective spectrum of sampled fiber Bragg grating by using transmission matrix method, form the sampled fiber Bragg grating suitable for sensing. Get the strains of the sampled fiber Bragg grating and the data from Temperature-sensor through simulation experiment, then determine the sensing-parameters A, B, C, D by using SPSS13.0 statistics software in regression analysis. Strain measurement ranged from 0με to 1800με，temperature measurement ranged from 0°C to 180°C.

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49

Zhao, Ming Fu, De Yi Huang, Bin Zhou, and Lei Zi Jiao. "Chemical Sensors Based on Fiber Bragg Grating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.582.

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In this paper, measurement method for the refractive index of chemical substances based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was proposed. The relation between Bragg wavelength shift and surrounding refractive index (SRI) was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The SRI sensitivity of the chemical sensor could be enhanced by reducing the cladding thickness of the FBG using hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution etching process. The experimental results indicated that the variation of Bragg wavelength increased as the SRI increased. In the low SRI region, the relationship between the Bragg wavelength shift and the change of the SRI was approximately linear.

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50

Bartelt, Hartmut. "Trends in Bragg Grating Technology for Optical Fiber Sensor Applications." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.304.

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Fiber Bragg gratings have found widespread and successful applications in optical sensor systems, e. g. for temperature, strain or refractive index measurements. Such sensor elements are fiber integrated, are applicable under harsh environmental conditions, and can be easily multiplexed. In order to further extend the field of applications, there is a great interest in specifically adapted Bragg gratings, in Bragg grating structures with increased stability, or in the use of special fiber types for grating inscription. The paper discusses such specific concepts for grating inscription, covers novel aspects of fiber gratings in small diameter fibers or in fiber tapers, of gratings in pure silica fibers without UV sensitivity, of grating inscription in different microstructured fibers or photonic crystal fibers, and investigates the concept of femtosecond inscription and the extension of the Bragg reflection wavelengths down to the visible range.

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