Статті в журналах: "Fertility transfer"

1

Fackelmann, K. A. "Germ Cell Transfer Boosts Fertility." Science News 146, no. 22 (November 26, 1994): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978630.

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2

Friedlander, Hilary, Jennifer K. Blakemore, David H. McCulloh, and M. Elizabeth Fino. "Fertility-Sparing Treatment and Assisted Reproductive Technology in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma and Endometrial Hyperplasia: Pregnancy Outcomes after Embryo Transfer." Cancers 15, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072123.

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The goal of fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for patients desiring future fertility with EMCA, and its precursor EH, is to clear the affected tissue and revert to normal endometrial function. Approximately 15% of patients treated with FST will have a live birth without the need for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Despite this low number, little information exists on the pregnancy outcomes of patients who utilize ART. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer in patients with EMCA or EH who elected for FST. This retrospective cohort study at a large urban university-affiliated fertility center included all patients who underwent embryo transfer after fertility-sparing treatment for EMCA or EH between January 2003 and December 2018. Primary outcomes included embryo transfer results and a live birth rate (defined as the number of live births per number of transfers). There were 14 patients, three with EMCA and 11 with EH, who met the criteria for inclusion with a combined total of 40 embryo transfers. An analysis of observed outcomes by sub-group, compared to the expected outcomes at our center (patients without EMCA/EH matched for age, embryo transfer type and number, and utilization of PGT-A) showed that patients with EMCA/EH after FST had a significantly lower live birth rate than expected (Z = −5.04, df = 39, p < 0.01). A sub-group analysis of the 14 euploid embryo transfers resulted in a live birth rate of 21.4% compared to an expected rate of 62.8% (Z = −3.32, df = 13, p < 0.001). Among patients with EMCA/EH who required assisted reproductive technology, live birth rates were lower than expected following embryo transfer when compared to patients without EMCA/EH at our center. Further evaluation of the impact of the diagnosis, treatment, and repeated cavity instrumentation for FST is necessary to create an individualized and optimized approach for this unique patient population.

3

Kim, Seongeun, Michèle Tertilt, and Minchul Yum. "Status Externalities in Education and Low Birth Rates in Korea." American Economic Review 114, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 1576–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220583.

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South Koreans appear to be preoccupied with their offspring's education and also have the lowest total fertility rate in the world. We propose a novel theory with status externalities and endogenous fertility connecting these facts, motivated by novel empirical evidence on private education spillovers. Using a quantitative model calibrated to Korea, we find that fertility would be 28 percent higher without the externality. We explore the effects of government policy: a pro-natal transfer or an education tax can increase fertility and reduce education spending. An education tax of 22 percent together with moderate pro-natal transfers maximizes the current generation's welfare. (JEL D31, D62, E24, I21, I26, I28, J13, O40)

4

Kim, Young-Il Albert. "Lifetime impact of cash transfer on fertility." Canadian Studies in Population 41, no. 1-2 (April 22, 2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p64s52.

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In most OECD countries, fertility level is below the natural generation replacement level, and many OECD countries implement pro-natal policies, including direct cash transfer schemes. However, evaluations of the long-run impact of such policies are surprisingly rare. We investigate whether the cash transfer increases completed fertility, exploiting a quasi-experiment from a pro-natal cash transfer called Allowance for Newborn Children (ANC). We first devise a measure of ANC impact for different birth cohorts, because the policy lasted for a decade and affected cohorts with different intensities at different ages. The results show that ANC impact on fertility has little permanent component.

5

Johnston, Josephine, Michael K. Gusmano, and Pasquale Patrizio. "In search of real autonomy for fertility patients." Health Economics, Policy and Law 10, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133114000164.

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AbstractNearly one in eight infants in the United States is born preterm. A variety of factors are associated with preterm birth, including multiplicity. In the United States fertility treatments are currently associated with high rates of multiplicity, but these rates could be reduced significantly if changes can be made to fertility treatment policy and practice. These include reducing the financial pressure on patients to prioritize pregnancy chances over safety by expanding insurance coverage and altering the way we calculate success rates and insurance benefits so that two consecutive single embryo transfers is equivalent to one double embryo transfer.

6

Dyer, Owen. "Fertility agency is to investigate single embryo transfer." BMJ 331, no. 7512 (August 4, 2005): 308.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7512.308-b.

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7

Wiedemann, R., U. Noss, and H. Hepp. "Gamete intra-Fallopian transfer in male sub-fertility." Human Reproduction 4, no. 4 (May 1989): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136917.

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8

Carpenter, J. E., and L. D. Chandler. "Effects of Sublethal Doses of Two Insect Growth Regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reproduction2." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.3.428.

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The effects of sublethal doses of two insect growth regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) reproduction were investigated. Adults which developed from larvae that fed on a pinto bean diet containing diflubenzuron (Dimilin) or an ecdysone agonist (RH 5992) were inbred and outcrossed with adults which developed from larvae that were fed on a normal pinto bean diet. Data were collected on fecundity, fertility, and sperm transfer. Sublethal doses of both compounds administered to H. zea larvae caused reduced fertility in surviving male imagos but had no effect on fecundity or fertility of the female imagos. Reduced fertility in treated males was largely caused by a lower incidence of sperm transfer. Implications of our results for H. zea population management are discussed.

9

Palshetkar, Rohan, Mayuri More, Nandita Palshetkar, Hrishikesh Pai, Rishma Pai, and Arnav Pai. "Comparison between sequential transfer vs. day 3 and day 5 frozen embryo transfer in IVF patients." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 3583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20233638.

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Background: Sequential embryo transfer is when both cleavage-stage embryo is transferred on day 3 and blastocyst is transferred on day 5, sequentially in the same cycle. This has been suggested for increasing embryo implantation rate. Sequential transfer gives benefit of both day 3 as well as day 5 transfer in the same cycle, giving better outcome in patients suffering infertility. This study compares the implantation rates in sequential transfer vs Day 3 and day 5 transfers. Methods: This multi-centric study is a retrospective study conducted over a period of one year at D. Y. Patil Fertility Centre, Navi Mumbai. Total of 432 transfers were conducted in patients, out of which 262 were Day 3 or cleavage stage embryo transfer, 109 were Day 5 or blastocyst embryo transfer and 61 were sequential embryo transfer. Results: Day 3 transfer group had the clinical pregnancy rate of 52.67%, whereas day 5 transfer group had 60.55% of clinical pregnancy positive cases. Sequential embryo transfer had implantation rate of 60.66%, which was slightly higher than day 5 (60.55%) and day 3 (52.67%) implantation rates. Conclusions: Sequential transfer has marginally increased rate of implantation and clinical pregnancy when compared to day 5 and day 3 transfers.

10

Andersen, Synøve, Nina Drange, and Trude Lappegård. "Can a cash transfer to families change fertility behaviour?" Demographic Research 38 (March 8, 2018): 897–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2018.38.33.

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11

Beine, Michel, Frédéric Docquier, and Maurice Schiff. "International migration, transfer of norms and home country fertility." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 46, no. 4 (November 2013): 1406–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caje.12062.

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12

Bogdevitch, I., S. Tarasiuk, I. Shmigelskaya, and Y. Putyatin. "Soil fertility influence on137Cs and90Sr transfer to the crops." Radioprotection 37, no. C1 (February 2002): C1–485—C1–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2002090.

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13

Zemetra, R. S., J. Hansen, and C. A. Mallory-Smith. "Potential for gene transfer between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)." Weed Science 46, no. 3 (June 1998): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500089475.

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Jointed goatgrass is a major weed in the wheat-producing areas of the western U.S. It shares the D genome with wheat, and interspecific hybrids between the two species occur in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids could serve to transfer genes from wheat to jointed goatgrass. A backcrossing program was initiated in the greenhouse between wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids and either jointed goatgrass or wheat to determine the potential for seed set and the restoration of self-fertility. Seed was set by backcrossing with either species as the recurrent parent. Female fertility increased from 2% in the hybrid to 37% in the BC2 plants with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. Partial self-fertility was restored in the second backcross (BC2) generation using jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. This indicates that genes could be transferred between wheat and jointed goatgrass after only two backcrosses. The number of bivalents observed in the plants during meiosis appeared to be key to increasing female fertility and self-fertility. Based on the results of this study, it is possible for genes to move from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Any release of a herbicide-resistant wheat should be accompanied by a management plan that would minimize the potential for gene movement between these species.

14

Shen, Yiyang, Qing Yi, and Xuanxuan Li. "The Effect of Paternal Retirement Age on Offspring’s Fertility Decision : An analysis based on the intergenerational transfer perspective." BCP Education & Psychology 6 (August 25, 2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v6i.1773.

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Recently, the conflicts between work and family are becoming more and more serious for the younger generation. The family intergenerational transfer is regarded as an effective balancing agent to ease conflicts and improve fertility, but it is affected by the retirement age of parents. Therefore, it is of great economic and policy significance to identify the relationship between paternal retirement age and offspring’s fertility decisions. In this paper, a regression discontinuity model is established based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database. The results show that: (1) the parents beyond the retirement age have a positive influence on the offspring’s fertility; (2) When the number of children is more than one, it has a significant negative effect on offspring’s fertility decisions; (3) The income level of different families will also affect the influence of parents’ retirement age on offspring’s fertility decisions.

15

Stafford-Bell, M. A., and C. M. Copeland. "Surrogacy in Australia: implantation rates have implications for embryo quality and uterine receptivity." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 1 (2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00044.

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Since the passage, in November 1995, of the ACT Substitute Parents Agreement Act, The Canberra Fertility Centre has added a true gestational carrier pregnancy programme to its established infertility and IVF services. Embryos generated are transferred as frozen–thawed embryos to the carrier in an average of 2.2 embryos per transfer. Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1999 the results of 49 frozen embryo transfers to 25 gestational carriers were compared with 849 frozen embryo transfers on a routine IVF programme. In the carrier group, the embryo implantation rate of 13.8% per embryo transferred is double that of an exactly comparable group of patients undergoing routine frozen–thawed embryo transfer on the same IVF programme and considerably higher than those reported in large series of frozen–thawed embryo transfers. Exclusion from the carrier pregnancy programme of patients with incipient ovarian failure results in an implantation rate of 16.7%, a clinical pregnancy rate of 29.0% and a live birth rate of 19.4% per embryo transfer procedure.

16

Parenta Bano, Rafly, Omas Bulan Samosir, and Triasih Djutaharta. "The Association Between Conditional Cash Transfer and Fertility Intention in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 25, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.68201.

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This study aims to analyze the relationship between conditional cash transfer (PKH in Indonesia)acceptance status and fertility intentions of married women ages 15-49 years who do not use contraception in Indonesia. The data used in this research comes from the results of SUSENAS 2017. The sample was limited to married women aged 15-49 years not currently using a contraceptive method. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between PKH acceptance status and fertility intention after controlling for the effects of individual control factors, while a multilevel ordinal logistic model was used to investigate the effects of contextual factors. The study results showed that after controlling for the effects of individual and contextual variables, a high fertility intention was associated with receiving PKH. Women from PKH beneficiary households tended to maximize the assistance received by increasing the number of children (moral hazard behavior ). Moral hazard behavior was more pronounced in women from households that had received PKH or received PKH but could not show their cards.

17

Fesenko, S. V., P. V. Prudnikov, E. S. Emlyutina, I. E. Epifanova, I. E. Titov, and O. A. Shubina. "Dynamics of <sup>137</sup>Cs Transfer Factors to Agricultural Products after the Chernobyl Accident: Grain, Potatoes, and Vegetables." Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология 63, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869803123020042.

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The results of the analysis of the 137Cs aggregated transfer factors (Tag) to crops (cereals, potatoes, and vegetables) produced in the districts of the Bryansk region affected after the Chernobyl accident are presented. The aggregated transfer factors in the year of the deposition as well as the dynamics of Tag in the subsequent years depended considerably on the fertility of soils subjected to contamination. The transfer factors of 137Cs to crops in the areas with higher fertility were 3–8 times lower (depending on the plant species) than in the areas with low fertility, and the most significant differences were observed for cereals. Decrease in Tag values was of irregular nature. The half-lives of 137Cs aggregated transfer factors for the period from 1986 to 2021 were calculated. It is shown that the first half-life values calculated for the period of intensive application of countermeasures (1987–1991) were from 0.7 to 1.4 years. The second half-lives varied from 7.3 to 17.3 years. In some areas, after a strong reduction in 137Cs concentrations in crops after 1994, there was a slow increase in 137Cs aggregated transfer factors, which can be explained by insufficient compensation for this decrease of geochemical binding of 137Cs in the soil. Later the dynamics of crop contamination was determined by multidirectional processes: i.e., increase in 137Cs transfer to plants and natural decrease of radionuclides bioavai-lability in soils under the influence of geochemical processes. In areas with intensive application of countermeasures, the reduction of Tag to crops was determined to a greater extent by the influence of agrochemical countermeasures. In the areas with limited application of countermeasures, the natural biogeochemical processes determining radionuclide binding by the soil-absorbing complex made the predominant contribution to the Tag reduction. Limitations of the approach based on the estimation of half-lives and the necessity of using the history of countermeasures implemented, as well as the soil fertility for prediction of the 137Cs intake by plants is noted.

18

Souza, J. C., R. V. Portilho, T. L. C. Pinto, F. D. M. Neto, E. P. Filgueiras, M. G. C. M. Silva, and R. S. Moura. "152 FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY ON AN EQUINE EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab152.

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Assisted reproduction through embryo transfer (ET) increases the chances, within a limited group of genetically superior mares, producing a greater number of desirable offspring. Several variables, however, are involved in the process and may impact or even limit the potential of ET to increase a single mare´s foal production within a given breeding season. The objective was to analyse information on variables related to an ET operation carried over 10 years by a single veterinarian in different reproduction centers or directly from the database of all breeders. General management and reproductive data from 150 embryo donor mares, 362 recipient mares and 73 stallions were submitted to statistical analysis by the GENMOD procedure using SAS® (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The proportion of positive recoveries (in which one or more embryos were actually recovered) and of pregnant recipients were dependent variables and donor breed (Campolina, Mangalarga, Thoroughbred, Haflinger and Brasileiro de Hipismo), donor (3–18 years old) and stallion age (3–20 years old) type of semen, hormonal ovulation induction (1000–2500 IU of hCG when dominant follicles reached at least 30 mm in diameter), diameter of the dominant follicles at the time of induction in donors and recipients as independent variables. Gestation rate was greater (P < 0.05) for embryos produced by donors of the Campolina breed compared to all others (74.0 v. 57.6%). The positive flush rates of donor age classes ≤7 (50.2%), >7 and <12 (60.0%) and ≥12 (53.2%) years old were similar (P = 0.45). Gestation rates were similar (P = 0.43) between stallions <6 (70.3%) and ≥6 (75.8%) years-old. The proportion of positive flushes was greater (P = 0.01) for fresh semen (59.9%) compared to those of natural service, cooled and frozen-thawed semen (54.8, 51.5 and 28.6%, respectively). Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between recipient mares hCG-induced (70.6%) and not induced (73.3%) to ovulate. In conclusion, we confirmed that donor breed and type of semen are influential over pregnancy and positive flush rates in the present study. Stallion or donor mare age did not influence fertility traits in this study, which indicates that animals were well managed and used within appropriate age limits. More relevant data may be gathered from the field work of veterinarians in order to enhance the knowledge that supports managing decisions in assisted reproduction techniques.

19

Bedrick, Bronwyn S., Katelin B. Nickel, Joan K. Riley, Tarun Jain, and Emily S. Jungheim. "Association of State Insurance Mandates for Fertility Treatment With Multiple Embryo Transfer After Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): e2251739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51739.

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ImportanceMultiple gestation is one of the biggest risks after in vitro fertilization (IVF), largely due to multiple embryo transfer (MET). Single embryo transfer (SET) uptake has increased over time and has been attributed to various factors, such as mandated insurance coverage for IVF and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).ObjectiveTo investigate whether mandates for IVF insurance coverage are associated with decreased use of MET after PGT-A.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using data on embryo transfers reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology between 2014 and 2016. Data were analyzed from January to October 2021.ExposuresState-mandated coverage for fertility treatment and type of cycle transfer performed (PGT-A, untested fresh, and untested frozen).Main Outcomes and MeasuresUse of MET compared with SET, live birth, and live birth of multiples.ResultsThere were 110 843 embryo transfers (mean [SD] patient age, 34.0 [4.5] years; 5520 individuals identified as African American [5.0%], 10 035 as Asian [9.0%], 5425 as Hispanic [4.9%], 45 561 as White [41.1%], and 44 302 as other or unknown race or ethnicity [40.0%]); 17 650 transfers used embryos that underwent PGT-A. Overall, among transferred embryos that had PGT-A, there were 9712 live births (55.0%). The odds of live birth were 70% higher with MET vs SET after frozen embryo transfer with PGT-A (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61-1.78), but the risk of multiples was 5 times higher (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 5.22-5.44). The odds of MET in cycles with PGT-A in states with insurance mandates were 24% lower than in states without mandates (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that despite the promise of using SET with PGT-A, MET after PGT-A was not uncommon. This practice was more common in states without insurance mandates and was associated with a high risk of multiples.

20

St. John, Justin C., Kanokwan Srirattana, Te-Sha Tsai, and Xin Sun. "The mitochondrial genome: how it drives fertility." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17408.

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In mammalian species, the mitochondrial genome is between 16.2 and 16.7 kb in size and encodes key proteins associated with the cell’s major energy-generating apparatus, the electron transfer chain. The maternally inherited mitochondrial genome has, until recently, been thought to be only involved in the production of energy. In this review, we analyse how the mitochondrial genome influences the developing embryo and cellular differentiation, as well as fetal and offspring health and wellbeing. We make specific reference to two assisted reproductive technologies, namely mitochondrial supplementation and somatic cell nuclear transfer, and how modulating the mitochondrial content in the oocyte influences embryo viability and the potential to generate enhanced offspring for livestock production purposes. We also explain why it is important to ensure that the transmission of only one population of mitochondrial (mt) DNA is maintained through to the offspring and why two populations of genetically distinct mitochondrial genomes could be deleterious. Finally, we explain how mtDNA influences chromosomal gene expression patterns in developing embryos and cells primarily by modulating DNA methylation patterns through factors associated with the citric acid cycle. These factors can then modulate the ten–eleven translocation (TET) pathway, which, in turn, determines whether a cell is in a more or less DNA methylated state.

21

Gath, V. P., J. Fahey, S. E. M. Snijders, and D. O'Callaghan. "Effect of plasma urea concentration at the time of insemination or embryo transfer on pregnancy rate in cattle." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 2 (September 2001): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033929.

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AbstractPlasma urea concentrations have been used as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of reproductive performance in cattle. Data were compiled from three recent studies on bovine fertility and a retrospective comparison of plasma urea concentrations was made between those animals that conceived to an insemination or embryo transfer. In studies I and 2 plasma urea concentrations around the time of insemination were determined. Pregnancies were diagnosed using ultrasonography 35 days later. There was no significant difference between the mean plasma urea concentrations around the time of insemination in the cattle subsequently diagnosed pregnant or not pregnant. In study 3, in vitro produced good quality embryos were transferred into three groups of beef heifers. The three groups were allocated to diets of high energy / high urea, high energy / no urea and low energy / high urea. The plasma urea concentrations at the time of embryo transfer were different between the three groups. However, the pregnancy rates 28 days post transfer, were not significantly different between the three groups. This suggests that the previously reported effects of high protein diets on fertility are not solely due to disruptive effects on the uterine environment. The main effect of urea on fertility may be on oocyte development within the follicle. Overall, these results indicate that measurement of plasma urea concentrations in individual animals around the time of insemination or embryo transfer is not a useful predictor of subsequent pregnancy rate.

22

Bathwal, Shikha, Sunita Sharma, Nupur Agarwal, and Baidyanath Chakravarty. "Fertility management in Kallmann syndrome: a step towards optimization." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 6 (May 25, 2017): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172373.

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Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder with an incidence of one per 50,000 women. It is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. An important aspect of managing KS is to achieve successful pregnancy. We hereby present a case series of three patients with KS who successfully conceived with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) induction. One patient achieved pregnancy with ovulation induction, second with fresh embryo transfer and the third with frozen embryo transfer. Two of these three women delivered at term and both babies were doing well at one year of follow up. Both received cyclical hormone therapy (HT) since adolescence. The third patient received HT only for six months before starting ovulation induction. She conceived twice but miscarried at both occasions. At times, it may be challenging to attain fertility in Kallmann syndrome but with persistent efforts results are usually rewarding. It is important to diagnose KS and start hormone therapy at appropriate time so that satisfactory fertility outcome can be achieved.

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Carrenho-Sala, L. C., R. V. Sala, M. Fosado, D. C. Pereira, S. Garcia, A. Lopez, J. F. Moreno, A. Garcia-Guerra, and M. C. Wiltbank. "107 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FERTILITY IN AN IVF EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAM IN DAIRY HEIFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab107.

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A retrospective study was performed to evaluate factors that influence pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) in an IVF-embryo transfer program. A total of 5026 fresh in vitro-produced embryos were transferred during 2014 and evaluated for effects of embryo quality, embryo stage, size of corpus luteum (CL; 18–19.9 mm or ≥20 mm), interval from GnRH to embryo transfer, number of previous embryo transfer (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4); and interaction of embryo stage and interval from GnRH to embryo transfer. One group (n = 850) had detection of oestrus after prostaglandin F2α application but most heifers (n = 4176) received fixed timed embryo transfer after a 5-day CIDR-Synch protocol: Day –8 CIDR inserted; Day –3 CIDR removed and prostaglandin F2α; Day –2 prostaglandin F2α; Day 0 GnRH. Ultrasound was performed on Day 6 after GnRH or oestrus to measure CL size and on Day 32 and 60 to determine pregnancy. Data for P/ET were analysed by logistic regression (LOGISTIC procedure, SAS 9.4). Embryo quality influenced P/ET at Day 32 [Grade 1 48.4% (1273/2631) v. Grade 2 37.6% (900/2395); P < 0.01] and at Day 60 [Grade 1 38.9% (1023/2631) v. Grade 2 29.0% (694/2395); P < 0.01], and altered pregnancy loss [Grade 1 19.6% (250/1273) v. Grade 2 22.9% (206/900); P = 0.03]. Stage of the embryo also had an effect on P/ET at Day 32 [Stage 6 35.5%a (582/1641), Stage 7 46.3%b (1431/3092), and Stage 8 54.6%c (160/293); P < 0.01] and at Day 60 [Stage 6 28.2%a (462/1641), Stage 7 36.6%b (1131/3092), and Stage 8 41.6%b (122/293); P < 0.01], but did not affect pregnancy loss (P = 0.22). Interestingly, interval from GnRH (or oestrus) until embryo transfer did not affect P/ET at Day 32 (P = 0.10), 60 (P = 0.23), or pregnancy loss (P = 0.3), nor was there an interaction between interval and embryo stage at Day 32 (P = 0.77), 60 (P = 0.96) or pregnancy loss (P = 0.55). As shown in Table 1, embryo stage 6 was always the lowest and stage 8 always the greatest P/ET regardless of interval from GnRH to embryo transfer. Size of CL also did not affect P/ET at Day 32 (P = 0.09), 60 (P = 0.21), or pregnancy loss (P = 0.90). Number of previous embryo transfer also did not alter P/ET at Day 32 [0 = 43.3% (886/2046), 1 = 44.1% (639/1450), 2 = 43.4% (444/1024), 3 = 42.6% (146/343), and ≥4 = 35.6% (58/163); P = 0.33] or 60 (P = 0.51) or pregnancy loss (P = 0.12). In conclusion, embryo stage and quality are the major factors that impacted P/ET in this study, with surprisingly little effect of interval from GnRH to embryo transfer, size of the CL, and number of previous embryo transfer. Thus, recipient programs for IVF-embryo transfer can be designed with substantial flexibility. Table 1.Effect of embryo stage and recipient synchrony on pregnancies per embryo transfer on Day 32 in recipient dairy heifers

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Ma, Shichang. "Family Planning Policy and Housing Price in China." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/663ugu12o.

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Different intergenerational fertility levels affected by the family planning policy under such altruistic behavior will inevitably affect real estate prices. This paper studies the effect of different intergenerational fertility levels on real estate prices under the parental altruistic behavior model with Chinese characteristics by constructing an Overlapping Generation Model (OLG) with intergenerational wealth transfer. The empirical results show that the lower the intergenerational fertility level of the middle-aged generation, the higher the average wealth level transferred to the youth generation, and the higher the real estate price. This result shows that, unlike the high fertility rate of popular cognition, the low fertility rate of the middle-aged generation under the influence of the family planning policy and the altruistic behavior of the Chinese parents are the important reasons for the current high housing prices. This paper reveals the relationship between China's population policy and real estate price, and can guide the judgment of China's real estate market in the future.

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Y El-zaee, Samy. "Effect of Introducing Foreign DNA into Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus Gonads on Male Fertility of the Progeny Produced Under Salinity Stress." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000216.

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This work was conducted to study the effect of transfer foreign DNA isolated from sea bream, Sparus aurata or Artemia , Artemia salina into the ovaries and testes of O.niloticus adult on male fertility of the progeny produced under different salinity levels through studying the histological changes of testes. The results showed that male fertility of O. niloticus decreased as a result of introducing foreign DNA into the gonads of their parents. This decrease depends on the type of DNA since the results of the testes investigation revealed that O. niloticus received Artemia DNA displayed normal lobules of 40 %. In contrast, O. niloticus received sea bream DNA, showed only 28 % of normal lobules. The results also showed that the fertility of males decreased with increasing salinity levels up to 36 ppt. Although all fish received foreign DNA displayed low fertility, Nile tilapia received Artemia DNA showed more salinity tolerance and highest fertility than Nile tilapia received sea bream DNA.

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Reich, Genevieve. "Determining the impact of the 2004 Australian Baby Bonus on fertility rates using a synthetic control analysis." Australian Economic Papers 63, S1 (May 2024): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12345.

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AbstractThe longstanding issue of declining fertility in developed nations motivates a revaluation of the effectiveness of fertility‐targeted policies. This thesis focuses on the 2004 Australian Baby Bonus, a past pronatalist incentive offering a lump sum financial transfer for every child born after 1 July 2004. We employ the synthetic control method to construct a counterfactual scenario for Australia in the absence of the policy's introduction. Using aggregate country‐level data from the World Bank World Indicator's Database from 1998 to 2012, we carefully select suitable Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries as control units and economic indicators to include as covariates. Our primary specification reveals a 6.82% increase in total fertility between 2005 and 2012, induced by the ABB. Robustness tests, including various model specifications, consistently confirm a positive fertility effect. This comparative case study provides a comprehensive analysis of the ABB's impact, emphasising the significance of methodological choices in assessing fertility‐related policies.

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Graham, Edith L., Jennifer B. Bakkensen, Annika Anderson, Nicola Lancki, Anne Davidson, Gina Perez Giraldo, Emily S. Jungheim, et al. "Inflammatory Activity After Diverse Fertility Treatments." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): e200106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200106.

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Background and ObjectivesPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may seek fertility treatment (FT)—including in vitro fertilization (IVF). Variable relapse risk after IVF has been reported in small historical cohorts, with more recent studies suggesting no change in annualized relapse rate (ARR). The objective of this study was to evaluate ARR 12 months pre-FT and 3 months post-FT in a multicenter cohort and identify factors associated with an increased risk of relapse.MethodsPatients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS aged 18–45 years with at least 1 FT from January 1, 2010, to October 14, 2021, were retrospectively identified at 4 large academic MS centers. The exposed period of 3 months after FT was compared with the unexposed period of 12 months before FT. FTs included controlled ovarian stimulation followed by fresh embryo transfer (COS-ET), COS alone, embryo transfer (ET) alone, and oral ovulation induction (OI). The Wilcoxon signed rank test and mixed Poisson regression models with random effects were used to compare ARR pre-FT vs post-FT, with the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI reported.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four FT cycles among 65 patients with MS (n = 56) or CIS (n = 9) were included: 61 COS-ET, 19 COS alone, 30 ET alone, and 14 OI. The mean age at FT was 36.5 ± 3.8 years, and the mean disease duration was 8.2 ± 5.0 years. Across 80 cycles with COS, only 5 relapses occurred among 4 unique patients within 3 months of treatment. The mean ARR after COS and before was not different (0.26 vs 0.25,p= 0.37), and the IRR was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.52–1.76,p= 0.88). No cycles with therapeutic disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) during COS had 3 months relapse (ARR 0 post-COS vs 0.18 pre-COS,p= 0.02, n = 34). Relapse rates did not vary by COS protocol. Among COS-ET cycles that achieved pregnancy (n = 43), ARR decreased from 0.26 to 0.09 (p= 0.04) within the first trimester of pregnancy. There were no relapses 3 months after ET alone and 1 relapse after OI.DiscussionIn this modern multicenter cohort of patients with MS undergoing diverse FTs, which included 43% on DMTs, we did not observe an elevated relapse risk after FT.

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Palermo, Tia, Sudhanshu Handa, Amber Peterman, Leah Prencipe, and David Seidenfeld. "Unconditional government social cash transfer in Africa does not increase fertility." Journal of Population Economics 29, no. 4 (April 29, 2016): 1083–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-016-0596-x.

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Pinaffi, Fábio L. V., Ériko S. Santos, Maurício G. da Silva, Milton Maturana Filho, Ed H. Madureira, and Luciano A. Silva. "Follicle and corpus luteum size and vascularity as predictors of fertility at the time of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in beef cattle." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2015000500015.

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Abstract:Two ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. Female bovines were submitted to estrous synchronization prior to ET and AI. Animals were scanned immediately before ET and AI procedure to target follicle and corpus luteum (CL) size and vascularity. In addition, inseminated animals were also scanned eleven days after insemination to target CL size and vascularity. All data was compared with fertility by using gestational diagnosis 35 days after ovulation. Prior to ET, CL vascularity showed a positive correlation with fertility, and no pregnancy occurred in animals with less than 40% of CL vascularity. Prior to AI and also eleven days after AI, no relationship with fertility was seen in all parameters analyzed (follicle and CL size and vascularity), and contrary, cows with CL vascularity greater than 70% exhibit lower fertility. In inseminated animals, follicle size and vascularity was positive related with CL size and vascularity, as shown by the presence of greater CL size and vascularity originated from follicle with also greater size and vascularity. This is the first time that ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to ET and AI and showed an application in ET, but not in AI programs. Further studies are needed including hormone profile evaluation to improve conclusion.

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Vorsa, N., and James R. Ballington. "Fertility of Triploid Highbush Blueberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 2 (March 1991): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.2.336.

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Eight highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) triploids (2n = 3x = 36) were crossed with diploids (2n = 2x = 24), tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48), and hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72). No plants were recovered from 4021 3x × 2x crosses. One triploid was relatively fertile in 3x × 4x and 3x × 6x crosses, which is most likely attributable to 2n gamete production in the triploid. The lack of fertility of triploids, which do not produce 2n gametes, in crosses with diploids and tetraploids suggests that the production of gametes with numerically balanced (n = 12 or 24) chromosome numbers is extremely low. In addition, the inability to recover progeny from 3x × 2x crosses also suggests that aneuploid gametophytes and/or zygotes, including trisomics, are inviable in blueberry. Pollen stainability was also highly reduced in triploids. Frequency distributions of anaphase I pole chromosomal constitutions of three triploids were significantly different from one another. Two of the three distributions were shifted toward the basic chromosome number of 12, with one triploid having 25% poles with 12 chromosomes. However, the sterility of 3x × 2x and 2x × 3x crosses indicates that lagging chromosomes during meiotic anaphases are probably not excluded from gametes, resulting in unbalanced gametes in blueberry. Triploids can be used as a bridge to facilitate gene transfer from the diploid and tetraploid levels to the hexaploid level in blueberry.

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Yadav, A., Q. Wang, and X. Z. He. "Effect of body weight on reproductive performance of Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera Hemerobiidae)." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6547.

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Micromus tasmaniae Walker is an important predator of a number of economically important pests such as aphids The largerthebetter theory predicts that reproductive fitness is positively linearly associated with body size or weight To test whether larger insects perform better reproductively the insect population was divided into three weight groups light average and heavy and the reproductive performance of nine breeding treatments (three male weights three female weights) was assessed The body weight of female M tasmaniae had no significant effect on reproductive fitness in terms of fecundity fertility fertility rate oviposition period and longevity suggesting that female size variation is of secondary importance in determining reproductive fitness in this species Male size had significant positive effect on female fecundity fertility and fertility rate and reproductive period This suggests that heavy males may transfer larger ejaculates that provide more sperm and malederived nutrients to females than light males

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VARLAS, Valentin, Roxana Georgiana BORS, Claudia MEHEDINTU, and Monica CIRSTOIU. "Uterine Transplant: A New Option to Restore Fertility." Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine 30, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31689/rmm.2023.30.1.7.

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The uterine transplant has been thought of as a treatment for women with absolute uterine factor infertility, allowing them to procreate, carry a pregnancy and give birth to genetic children not intended for lifelong use. In recent years, surgical techniques for donor sampling and uterine transplant have evolved, reducing complications that, along with proper immunosuppressive treatment, reduce the chances of rejection and improve obstetric outcomes, leading to increased live births. Pregnancy can be obtained by embryo transfer after ensuring that the graft is stable. Not being a life-saving transplant, after birth, the uterus can be kept for a new pregnancy, or a hysterectomy can be performed.

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CUTTING, Elizabeth, Ben W. MOL, Beverley VOLLENHOVEN, Sally CATT, and Fabrizzio HORTA. "Effects of COVID-19 Quarantine Period on Fertility Patients and IVF Clinic Management Worldwide." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740917.

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Background: The initial months of 2020 experienced a rapid spread of a new Coronavirus named SARS-2. The World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. Due to the new strain of the virus, little was known regarding COVID-19 and its effects on fertility and pregnancy. Aim: To explore how fertility clinics and ART treatments proceeded post COVID-19 lockdowns and how this affected fertility patients. Method: We surveyed fertility clinics world-wide with an online questionnaire through the platform RedCap. The questionnaire contained 33 questions focusing on the differences of country responses to guidelines and regulations. Scientific directors, medical directors and lab managers were contacted via email with the questionnaire link. The questionnaire was approved by Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee and focused on the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Results: There were 34 individual country responses, Asia (11), Europe (10), Africa (3), North America (3), Oceania (2) and South America (5). Of the 34 countries, 7 countries did not experience a complete cessation of all procedures. Most countries followed their government health recommendations and clinic policies. IVF/ICSI and frozen embryo transfer (FET) procedures proved to be the most delayed treatments. Sixteen countries reported to have an increase in freeze-all cycles compared to fresh transfers. Patients had to undergo a SARS-CoV-2 test in 50% of countries. Additional counselling for patients during the pandemic was implemented in 22 countries. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic most fertility services were suspended, allowing insight into the implications of a shutdown. In conclusion, a protocol for scenarios of this nature would benefit future events. A protocol including increased phycological support, continuation of care, including telehealth and guidelines for prioritizing couples who need treatment most urgently.

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Baruselli, Pietro, Bruna Catussi, and Lais Angelo de Abreu. "USE OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE FERTILITY OF REPEAT-BREEDER AND HEAT-STRESSED DAIRY COWS." SPERMOVA 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0010.16.

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Cows that do not become pregnant during early lactation after successive inseminations are usually classified as repeat-breeder cows. Furthermore, heat stress has a pronounced deleterious effect on fertility in dairy herds throughout the world, especially in hot and humid summer months in tropical and subtropical areas. Studies describes the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, with emphasis on carry over effects of heat stress on oocyte quality, embryo development and P/AI. Additionally, lower fertilization rate is also an important characteristic associated with repeatbreeder cows. In repeat-breeder cows, decreased fertility has been related to a deleterious effect on oocyte quality. Thus, the fertility problems observed in repeat-breeder and heat stress cows may be related to poor oocyte quality associated with a metabolic status. Studies support thar embryo transfer can be a practical and effective solution to achieve pregnancy in repeat-breeder and heatstressed dairy cows (with reduced oocyte quality and fertility to insemination).

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Ma, Zheng-Qiang, Yin-Hai Zhao, and Da-Jun Liu. "Incorporation of restoring gene of Aegilops umbellulata into wheat." Genome 34, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-112.

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Six 'Chinese Spring' – Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk. addition lines (UAD, UBD, UCD, UDD, UED, and UFM) were assayed for their effects on the fertility of timopheevi cytoplasm male sterile lines (T-type). Chromosome 6U of disomic addition line UAD was found to be able to restore the fertility of T-type male sterility and 'Chinese Spring' was verified to lack restoring genes, indicating that 6U carries at least one fertility restoration gene. From about 200 plants with 42 somatic chromosomes derived from the progeny of crosses Qu Xian Early A × UAD and Sumai No. 3 A × UAD, eight self-fertile plants were selected. Their self-fertility in timopheevi cytoplasm implies that they carry the restoring gene(s) from 6U. Cytological analysis was conducted on the hybrid F1 of the selected fertile plants (040-5, 060-1, and 061-4) as female parents crossed with 'Chinese Spring'. The self-fertility segregation and the chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells of F1 fertile plants from 040-5, 060-1, and 061-4 × 'Chinese Spring' during meiosis suggested that they were heterozygous translocation lines with restoring gene(s) from 6U.Key words: Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk., restoring genes, alien gene transfer, timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterile fertility, Triticum aestivum L.

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Zou, Haowen, Karim Abdallah, Barbara Wirleitner, Kathleen Hong, Isarin Thanaboonyawat, Pitak Laokirkkiat, Arezoo Arabipoor, et al. "#311 : Intrauterine Administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Women Undergoing IVF– An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223741826.

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Background and Aims: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been proposed as an intrauterine intervention around embryo transfer period due to its potential to enhance endometrium receptivity and implantation. Existing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed inconsistent findings and multiple meta-analyses on this topic showed high unexplained heterogeneity. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) is considered the “gold standard” synthesis method due to its ability to standardise and harmonise the data reporting and analysis. In this IPDMA, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of intrauterine hCG before embryo transfer. Method: We searched Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO without language restrictions up to November 2022. We included RCTs comparing intrauterine administration of hCG before embryo transfer versus placebo or no intervention in women undergoing IVF. The outcomes were live birth, clinical pregnancy and other fertility outcomes. We invited trial authors to share the de-identified IPD and established the IHABT collaboration. We performed a one-stage IPDMA as the main analysis. Results: Eight RCTs including IPD of 2338 participants were included. These RCTs were conducted in 6 different countries, with a dosage of intrauterine hCG between 500 IU and 1000 IU. In women undergoing IVF, compared to the control group, intrauterine administration of hCG before embryo transfer does not improve live birth rates (7 RCTs, 2245 participants, odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.17) or clinical pregnancy rates (8 RCTs, 2338 participants, OR 1.13, 95%CI 0.89–1.43). There was insufficient evidence of a difference between the two groups on any of the other fertility outcomes. Conclusion: Intrauterine administration of hCG does not improve live birth or clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF. Therefore, it should not be offered as an IVF add-on in clinical practice.

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Kneale, Dylan, Abel Kjaersgaard, Malica de Melo, Joelma Joaquim Picardo, Sally Griffin, Rebecca S. French, and Helen E. D. Burchett. "Can cash transfer interventions increase contraceptive use and reduce adolescent birth and pregnancy in low and middle income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 11 (November 9, 2023): e0001631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001631.

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Becoming pregnant and giving birth under the age of 20 is associated with a range of adverse social, socioeconomic and health outcomes for adolescent girls and their children in Low and middle income countries. Cash transfers are an example of a structural intervention that can change the local social and economic environment, and have been linked with positive health and social outcomes across several domains. As part of a wider review of structural adolescent contraception interventions, we conducted a systematic review on the impact of cash transfers on adolescent contraception and fertility. Fifteen studies were included in the review with eleven studies providing evidence for meta-analyses on contraception use, pregnancy and childbearing. The evidence suggests that cash transfer interventions are generally ineffective in raising levels of contraceptive use. However, cash transfer interventions did reduce levels of early pregnancy (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00). There was suggestive evidence that conditional, but not unconditional, cash transfers reduce levels of early childbearing. Given that much of the evidence is drawn from interventions providing cash transfers conditional on school attendance, supporting school attendance may enable adolescent girls and young women to make life choices that do not involve early pregnancy.

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LOUREIRO, I., C. ESCORIAL, J.-M. GARCÍA BAUDIN, and M.-C. CHUECA. "Hybridisation between wheat andAegilops geniculataand hybrid fertility for potential herbicide resistance transfer." Weed Research 48, no. 6 (December 2008): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00659.x.

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Callesen, H., A. Bak, and T. Greve. "Pregnancy failure following transfer of bovine embryos: Inherent low fertility of recipients?" Theriogenology 41, no. 1 (January 1994): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(05)80082-2.

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Bettencourt, Elisa Maria, Carlos Manuel Bettencourt, João Chagas e. Silva, Paulo Ferreira, Claudino Pereira Matos, Ricardo Jorge Romão, and António Rocha. "Fertility rates following the transfer of ovine embryos cryopreserved using three protocols." Small Ruminant Research 82, no. 2-3 (April 2009): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.02.011.

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41

Lee Soon Soo, C., Surinder Singh, Pak Seng Wong, Dev Kumar Menon, Choon Foong Chow, and Wenddi-Anne Wai Yeng Chong. "Embryo Transfer Technique, Protocol, and Communication System of Damansara Fertility Centre, Malaysia." Fertility and Sterility 84 (September 2005): S476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1255.

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Zhang, Junsen, Jason Quan, and Peter van Meerbergen. "The Effect of Tax-Transfer Policies on Fertility in Canada, 1921-88." Journal of Human Resources 29, no. 1 (1994): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/146061.

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43

Ramachandran, Amar, Swati Sharma, Kumar Pratap, Bhakta Rajesh, Vasudeva Akhila, Akhila Ramayapally, and Manna Valiathan. "Ovarian Pregnancy following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Embryo Transfer: A Case Report." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/389107.

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Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy following ICSI-ET, and the diagnosis depends on the physicians suspicion and experience. Preservation of ovarian tissue during surgery is of utmost importance to preserve fertility. We present a case of ovarian pregnancy who had a successful treatment preserving the ovary.

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Weltz, Christina, Daniella Nevid, Alison Pruzan, Elisa Port, and Ronald Couri. "Abstract P5-07-02: Embryo utilization in young breast cancer patients who have undergone egg harvesting for fertility preservation." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P5–07–02—P5–07–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p5-07-02.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Much progress has been made related to fertility preservation in women diagnosed with breast cancer. This includes heightened awareness of impaired fertility due to breast cancer treatment, increased referrals to fertility specialists and development of safe and expeditious means of egg harvesting. Nevertheless, there has been limited investigation of the ultimate issue in fertility preservation, namely the frequency with which women who have undergone egg harvesting actually pursue childbearing. We have retrospectively reviewed a single institution’s experience with egg and embryo utilization among patients who expressly desired childbearing and underwent egg harvesting after a diagnosis of breast cancer. These issues have also been analyzed relative to race and insurance coverage. METHODS: In an IRB approved study, breast cancer patients treated in our institution between 2010 and 2020 were identified and their post-diagnosis fertility and childbearing history was reviewed. Inclusion criteria were age at presentation ≤ 45 years and diagnosis of either invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ. Race (self-reported on clinic intake form) and insurance coverage data were analyzed. In cases of incomplete medical record data, we interviewed patients by telephone. RESULTS: 316 breast cancer patients of reproductive age were identified (average age at diagnosis = 39 years, range: 23 - 45). Of these, 168 patients (53%) were offered fertility referral and 118 (38%) saw a fertility specialist. 91 patients (29%) pursued egg harvesting followed by cryopreservation of eggs in 49 cases and embryos in 41 with 1 case unknown. Over an average of 5 years of follow-up (range: 2 - 12 years), 28 women (31% of those who pursued egg harvesting) utilized the egg or embryo to pursue childbearing. 17 underwent embryo transfer to themselves and 11 used surrogate carriers. To date, this has resulted in 20 childbirths from 24 pregnancies. Four pregnancies are currently ongoing and 1 woman is awaiting embryo transfer. Four patients who had undergone egg harvesting conceived without fertility intervention. Of the 55 Medicaid patients of reproductive age diagnosed with breast cancer, only 8 (15%) met with a fertility specialist, 4 harvested eggs, and none pursued childbearing. HMO/PPO insured patients were significantly more likely than Medicaid patients to pursue egg harvesting and embryo utilization (X2 = 7.320, df = 2, p = 0.026). Of 260 HMO/PPO insured patients, 110 (42%) met with a fertility expert, 87 harvested eggs and 28 pursued embryo transfer. Due to the small sample size of patients who utilized embryos in each racial subgroup, analysis did not yield statistically significant differences across groups (p=0.067). Nevertheless, apparent racial disparities exist. Our data reveal that 5 of 17 (29%) Asian patients and 22 of 62 (36%) White patients utilized embryos as opposed to Black patients (1/4 or 25%), Hispanic patients (0/4 or 0%) and those who identified their race as “other” (1/4 or 25%). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a low overall rate of cryopreserved egg and embryo utilization among women treated for breast cancer whose earlier pursuit of egg harvesting was evidence of a desire for childbearing. Furthermore, racial and insurance data demonstrate disparities in the pursuit of fertility treatment and utilization of preserved eggs and embryos. Further research will utilize interviews to analyze individual women’s decision-making process relevant to such issues as hormone therapy utilization, concerns about breast cancer recurrence, progression of disease and restraints imposed by relationship status and finances. Given the disparity findings reported here, finances will likely emerge as a significant barrier to childbearing in future qualitative research. Citation Format: Christina Weltz, Daniella Nevid, Alison Pruzan, Elisa Port, Ronald Couri. Embryo utilization in young breast cancer patients who have undergone egg harvesting for fertility preservation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-02.

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Snook, Rhonda R., Sophia Y. Cleland, Mariana F. Wolfner, and Timothy L. Karr. "Offsetting Effects of Wolbachia Infection and Heat Shock on Sperm Production inDrosophila simulans: Analyses of Fecundity, Fertility and Accessory Gland Proteins." Genetics 155, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.1.167.

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AbstractInfection in Drosophila simulans with the endocellular symbiont Wolbachia pipientis results in egg lethality caused by failure to properly initiate diploid development (cytoplasmic incompatibility, CI). The relationship between Wolbachia infection and reproductive factors influencing male fitness has not been well examined. Here we compare infected and uninfected strains of D. simulans for (1) sperm production, (2) male fertility, and (3) the transfer and processing of two accessory gland proteins, Acp26Aa or Acp36De. Infected males produced significantly fewer sperm cysts than uninfected males over the first 10 days of adult life, and infected males, under varied mating conditions, had lower fertility compared to uninfected males. This fertility effect was due to neither differences between infected and uninfected males in the transfer and subsequent processing of accessory gland proteins by females nor to the presence of Wolbachia in mature sperm. We found that heat shock, which is known to decrease CI expression, increases sperm production to a greater extent in infected compared to uninfected males, suggesting a possible link between sperm production and heat shock. Given these results, the roles Wolbachia and heat shock play in mediating male gamete production may be important parameters for understanding the dynamics of infection in natural populations.

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Gite, Vishnu Kishanrao, D. K. Patil H. V. Kalpande, and J. E. Jahagirdar. "Study of Inheritance for Fertility Restoration in Cajanus scarabaeoides Cytoplasm based Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)] Hybrids." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1101.011.

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In the present investigation, the parents (P1 and P2), F1,’s, F2’s and BC1F1’s progenies of four selected hybrids involving four cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines based on Cajanus scarabaeoides (A2) cytoplasm and four restorers from diverse source were evaluated to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)] hybrids. Among these restorers, three restorers viz. BDNHR 1, BDNHR 21-2 and BDNHR 22-1-2 were identified and developed from segregating materials of interspecific cross involving C. scarabaeoides, however one restorer viz. BDNHR 60-2 from interspecific cross involving C. albicans wild species. The results revealed that the hybrids viz. BDN 2004-1A x BDNHR 1, BDN 2004-4Ax BDNHR22-1-2 and BSMR 736A x BDNHR 21-2 showed the monogenic dominant gene action (3:1) with single fertility restoring gene. However, only one hybrid viz. BDN 2004-2A x BDNHR 60-2 showed digenic duplicate gene action with complete dominance for fertility restoration in Pigeonpea hybrids. The information generated on genetics of fertility restoration will help in knowing the selection of breeding methods and further transfer of fertility restorer genes in to elite backgrounds.

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Banu, Jesmine, Mostafa M. Altarique, Rebeka Sultana, Nastaran Lasker, S. M. Munira, Shaheen A. Anwary, and Ariful Islam. "Challenging myomectomy of large cervical fibroid - successful fertility outcome: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 1048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20240812.

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The cervical fibroids are rare and large cervical fibroids are rarer. Removing large cervical fibroids when a patient desires future fertility is a surgical challenge because of the risks of significant blood loss, bladder and ureteric injury, and unplanned hysterectomy. For women who desire future fertility, myomectomy can improve the chances of pregnancy by restoring normal anatomy. In this article, we describe a successful pregnancy following the restoration of the normal anatomy of the cervix by a challenging myomectomy in a sub-fertile patient with a large cervical fibroid. A 38-year-old nulliparous lady presented to the reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh with primary sub-fertility for five and half years, and dysmenorrhea for 2 years. She was a regularly menstruating woman with average flow and duration. Being a resident of Canada, she was diagnosed there as a case of large cervical fibroid (10×9 cm) by TVS extending up to the posterior wall of the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina impacted in the pouch of Douglas during infertility workup. For this reason, she was advised for in vitro fertilization (IVF) keeping the fibroid in situ. However, due to the failure of embryo transfer with this large cervical fibroid, she was advised for embryo transfer following myomectomy. Hysteroscopic myomectomy was tried first (in February 2019 in Canada) but was unable to be removed. Then Laparotomy was tried (in September 2019 in Canada) but failed again. Being a complicated case, she was counselled there for myomectomy by a multidisciplinary approach with the high risk of injury to the urinary bladder, ureter, bowel, and other pelvic structures. But she refused to do a myomectomy there after knowing the dreadful complications with the fear of injury to the pelvic organs. With this problem, she went to different institutions both in the country and abroad but couldn’t get the proper treatment. Finally, she visited the outpatient department (OPD) of the REI department, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the hope of getting the most appropriate treatment for her and she was reassured, counselled, and managed by a challenging myomectomy (in March 2022) through a combined approach of the vagina and abdominal route without any significant intra and post-operative complications. Her whole post-operative period was uneventful, the anatomy of the cervix was restored and detected by TVS, and trial transfer was done before embryo transfer with easy negotiation to the cervix. Finally, she conceived 1 year after myomectomy with easy frozen embryo transfer. Myomectomy in expert hand even for the large cervical fibroid can restore normal anatomy and can achieve successful pregnancy outcomes.

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Jindal, Manvi, and ML Swarankar. "Comparison of Implantation Rates in Ultrasound-guided vs Clinical Touch Embryo Transfer." Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology 1, no. 1 (2016): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0003.

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ABSTRACT Aims The present study was conducted in the fertility unit of a medical college to compare the implantation rate of embryo in ultrasound-guided vs clinical touch method of embryo transfer. Today, approximately 80% of women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) will reach the embryo transfer stage with good quality embryos. Traditionally, the ‘clinical touch’ method has been used to guide placement of the embryo transfer. The use of ultrasound to guide embryo transfer would allow accurate and atraumatic positioning of the catheter tip near the uterine fundus. Materials and methods A prospective study was conducted at fertility center of Mahatma Gandhi Hospital. A total 100 patients requiring IVF, from a period of July 2011—July 2013 were taken into the study. A total of 50 patients were subjected to USG-guided embryo transfer and 50 patients were subjected to clinical touch embryo transfer. Detailed patient history, clinical examination, relevant investigation and details of procedure were entered in a prestructured proforma. The data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel. Results There was a significant improvement in the implantation rates in the USG-guided group (31.9%) as compared to clinical touch group (24.3%). There was also a significant improvement in the pregnancy rates in the USG-guided group (40%) as compared to the clinical touch group (28%). Compared with the traditional clinical touch method, the abdominal ultrasound-guided embryo transfer was found to have a number of advantages. How to cite this article Jindal M, Swarankar ML, Garg S, Sharma U. Comparison of Implantation Rates in Ultrasound- guided vs Clinical Touch Embryo Transfer. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):10-14.

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Hansen, Peter J., and Jeremy Block. "Towards an embryocentric world: the current and potential uses of embryo technologies in dairy production." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd03073.

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Structural features of the dairy industry make it well situated to use embryo technologies as tools for enhancing the genetic merit of dairy cattle and improving fertility. Technologies dependent upon embryo transfer have the potential to increase the efficiency of quantitative genetic selection as well as marker-assisted selection, simplify cross-breeding and germplasm conservation procedures and allow incorporation of transgenes into dairy cattle. In addition, embryo technologies may prove useful in improving fertility in infertile populations of lactating cows. The realisation of the promise of embryo technologies has been constrained by suboptimal efficiency in the production of embryos, alterations in embryonic and fetal survival and development associated with in vitro embryo production and cloning, as well as other technical and societal concerns. Solutions to many of these constraints are possible and the use of embryo technologies in both nucleus and commercial herds is likely to increase. Eventually, embryo transfer may compete with artificial insemination as a dominant method for establishing pregnancies in dairy cattle.

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Ang, Xiaoling Lim. "The Effects of Cash Transfer Fertility Incentives and Parental Leave Benefits on Fertility and Labor Supply: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 36, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-014-9394-3.

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