Статті в журналах: "Fertility in Philippines"

1

Williams, Lindy, Teresa Sobieszczyk, and Aurora Perez. "Couples' Views about Planning Fertility in the Philippines*." Rural Sociology 65, no. 3 (October 22, 2009): 484–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2000.tb00040.x.

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2

Tiefenthaler, Jill. "Fertility and Family Time Allocation in the Philippines." Population and Development Review 23, no. 2 (June 1997): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137550.

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3

Jensen, Eric, and Dennis Ahlburg. "Why does migration decrease fertility? Evidence from the Philippines." Population Studies 58, no. 2 (July 2004): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472042000213686.

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4

Navarrete, Ian A., Kiyoshi Tsutsuki, and Victor B. Asio. "Characteristics and fertility constraints of degraded soils in Leyte, Philippines." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 59, no. 5 (May 2013): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2012.663908.

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5

Cruz, Jason Reuben B. Dela, Marcus Christian M. Dequilla, and Anna Corinna D. Pizarro-Uy. "Impact of the Inflation Rate, Gross Domestic Product, and the Unemployment Rate on the Fertility Rate of the Philippines." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2022): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.2.20.

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The research aims to provide a closer look at the relationship between economic factors and the fertility rate in the Philippines. The economic factors will be based on the models of fertility written by Davis and Blake in 1956. The researchers used the variables of Gross Domestic Product, Female Unemployment Rate, Male Unemployment Rate, and Inflation Rate as independent variables and saw the relationship of these variables with the Fertility Rate. The results of the regression analysis show a significant relationship between the variables, with having a positive relationship between.

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6

T. C. Nunez. "HERMAPHRODITISM IN COCONUT COLLECTIONS OF ViSCA, LEYTE, PHILIPPINES." CORD 10, no. 01 (December 1, 1994): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v10i01.275.

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Bisexual button‑like flowers were found in the dwarf cultivars Albuera, Catigan, Coconino, Lingkuranay, Malayan Red, Malayan Yellow and Tacunan as well as in Baybay Tall in varying frequencies. These hermaphrodites differed in size, possessed varying number of fully developed anthers that contained pollen with 46.4 ‑84.1% fertility. knong the big hermaphrodites, their distinct characteristics are partly exposed ovary at inflorescence opening and earlier stigmatic receptivity compared with the normal buttons.

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7

Cabauatan, Ronaldo, Daniela Joyce M. Alvarez, Frances Rae M. Miranda, and Jorge Victor C. Punzalan. "FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ON FERTILITY RATE IN RELATION TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS." Journal of Computational Innovation and Analytics (JCIA) 1, No.2 (July 31, 2022): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jcia2022.1.2.2.

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The population of the Philippines continues to grow over the years, which leads to different economic concerns. The aim of this study is to determine the significance of the Reproductive Health Law and female unemployment rate on fertility rate in the country. Most studies imply a negative relationship between female unemployment rate, GNI per capita, registered marriages, and reproductive health programs on fertility rate. The result of these studies adheres to the author’s claim that there is a negative relationship among variables. A quantitative research design was used in this study. The used of multiple regression analysis examined the relationship of each explanatory variable to fertility rate based on the data gathered from 1980 to 2020. Results show that RH Law has a negative relationship on fertility rate, while unemployment rate has a positive relationship on fertility rate. This indicates that fertility rate declines because of the implementation of the RH Law that will result to slowdown the increase in population.

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8

Ligan, Willy Aclon. "Soil Fertility Assessment of Sugarcane Farms in Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, Philippines." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.3.3.75-81.

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A soil fertility assessment survey was conducted at Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, Philippines, on selected farms to assess the soil chemical properties (pH, OM, Extractable P and Exchangeable K) of sugarcane farms. A survey questionnaire was used to gather information among farms and a total of twenty-two (22) sugarcane farms were collected for soil samples and analyzed at the Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Central Mindanao University. The 22 sugarcane farms surveyed in of Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon were identified as very strongly acidic, have medium organic matter content, low extractable phosphorus and very low in exchangeable potassium. These results demonstrated that the sugarcane farms in Bukidnon need amendments to meet the recommended soil test values for sugarcane. The results of this study have provided basic information to generate a soil nutrient map of sugarcane farms in Bukidnon, Philippines.

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9

M. VICERRA, Paolo Miguel. "TEENAGE FERTILITY AND RISK OF PREGNANCY: SOCIOCULTURAL CORRELATES IN THE PHILIPPINES." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol22no1.12.

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10

Warwick, Donald P., Robert A. Hackenberg, Henry F. Magalit, Donald J. Hernandez, Wayne A. Schutjer, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Demographic Responses to Development: Sources of Declining Fertility in the Philippines." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 2 (March 1986): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071689.

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11

GALGO, Snowie Jane C., and Victor B. ASİO. "Properties, geochemical composition, and fertility of highly weathered soils in Central Philippines." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1013933.

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12

Agus, F., D. P. Garrity, and D. K. Cassel. "Soil fertility in contour hedgerow systems on sloping oxisols in Mindanao, Philippines." Soil and Tillage Research 50, no. 2 (March 1999): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(99)00005-7.

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13

Nelson, Merwyn. "Level of living and fertility among a rural population of the Philippines." Studies In Comparative International Development 20, no. 3 (September 1985): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02687081.

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14

Gipson, Jessica D., and Andrew L. Hicks. "THE DELINKING OF SEX AND MARRIAGE: PATHWAYS TO FERTILITY AMONG YOUNG FILIPINO WOMEN." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000462.

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SummaryPartnership and fertility patterns of young Filipinos have changed dramatically from previous generations, with a widening gap between sexual initiation and marriage, and concurrent increases in teenage pregnancy and unwanted fertility. Further understanding of young adults’ social contexts and partnership patterns are needed to inform reproductive health programmes and policies affecting young Filipinos. Multivariate Poisson regression models were conducted with longitudinal and inter-generational data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (1998–2009) to examine the predictors of young women’s fertility. Age at first sex, and number and duration of partnerships each independently and significantly predicted women’s fertility by 2009 after controlling for contextual influences. Young women with more conservative attitudes towards dating, sex and marriage, and who perceived their mothers to have more conservative attitudes, had higher fertility than their peers, as did young women with mothers who reported more adolescent sexual behaviours. In contrast, fertility was lower among daughters who had higher levels of communication with their mothers. Given high levels of unintended fertility and teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, the findings indicate that the interval between sexual initiation and first and subsequent partnerships may be ideal intervention points for reproductive health services for young Filipinos.

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15

Kennedy, Kathy I. "Breast-feeding and return to fertility: Clinical evidence from Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 5, no. 1 (January 26, 1990): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6fdd24d5-en.

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16

Poudel, D. D., and L. T. West. "Soil Development and Fertility Characteristics of a Volcanic Slope in Mindanao, the Philippines." Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, no. 5 (September 1999): 1258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351258x.

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17

Dubois, Pierre. "Moral hazard, land fertility and sharecropping in a rural area of the Philippines." Journal of Development Economics 68, no. 1 (June 2002): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(02)00005-6.

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18

Asio, Victor B., Carlito C. Cabunos, and Zueng-Sang Chen. "MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND FERTILITY OF SOILS FROM QUATERNARY LIMESTONE IN LEYTE, PHILIPPINES." Soil Science 171, no. 8 (August 2006): 648–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000228036.72647.e7.

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19

Tavassoli, Nahid. "The Transition of Son Preference: Evidence from Southeast Asian Countries." ECONOMICS 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2021-0010.

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Abstract This paper explores the existence of son preference and gender-based fertility behavior among Southeast Asian mothers. Using census data of ten countries (Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) over the years 1970-2014 and a sample of over 18 million observation, I show that having a first-born girl is associated with 0.16 more children in the household, equivalent to 7.2 percent rise from the mean. The marginal effects are quite robust across various specifications and subsamples. The effects are larger for countries with lower human development index and individuals with lower education. A birth cohort analysis show that the effects are significantly smaller for later cohorts implying that son preference fertility behavior has diminished over time.

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20

SUBRAMANIAM, THIRUNAUKARASU, NANTHAKUMAR LOGANATHAN, and EVELYN S. DEVADASON. "DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE FERTILITY IN ASEAN-5: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BOUNDS COINTEGRATION TEST." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 03 (June 2018): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500939.

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The ASEAN countries have been experiencing drastic declines in fertility of more than 10 percent, particularly since the 1990s. Though the literature on fertility has clearly delineated the importance of income, female labor force participation and infant mortality as key determinants of fertility rates (FRs), the empirical findings from previous studies remains at best mixed. This study therefore identifies the determinants of female fertility for the countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand (ASEAN-5 countries), spanning the period 1980–2010. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration and causality techniques, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, a long-run (LR) stable relationship is evident between female fertility, female labor force participation, income and infant mortality for ASEAN-5. Second, there is a deviation of FRs from the short-run (SR) to the LR equilibrium for ASEAN-5, with the highest and lowest speed of adjustment recorded for Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. Third, FR and economic stability are found to be complementary in the LR for ASEAN-5. When the joint LR and SR causalities are considered, we found that female labor force participation, income and infant mortality have dynamic relationships with FR for all the five ASEAN countries.

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21

Perez, Aurora E. "An analysis of the effects of fertility on women’s spatial mobility in the Philippines." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 6, no. 4 (December 20, 1991): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/5b88be09-en.

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22

Dobermann, A., and T. Oberthür. "Fuzzy mapping of soil fertility — a case study on irrigated riceland in the Philippines." Geoderma 77, no. 2-4 (June 1997): 317–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(97)00028-1.

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23

GIPSON, JESSICA D., and MICHELLE J. HINDIN. "INTER-GENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WOMEN'S FERTILITY, ASPIRATIONS FOR THEIR CHILDREN'S EDUCATION AND SCHOOL COMPLETION IN THE PHILIPPINES." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 06 (December 9, 2014): 825–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000510.

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SummaryWomen's education is associated with positive social and health outcomes for women and their families, as well as greater opportunities and decision-making power for women. An extensive literature documents ways in which broader, societal changes have facilitated roles for women beyond reproduction, yet there is minimal exploration at the family level. This study used inter-generational cohort data from the Philippines to examine mothers' aspirations for their children's education, and how these aspirations predict children's subsequent educational attainment. Mothers' education, household wealth and a locally developed measure of women's status were positively associated with higher educational aspirations for children; however, only mothers with the highest fertility were less likely to desire their children to attend college or higher. Mothers' fertility and aspirations both significantly and independently predicted children's school completion. Together, these findings indicate that increased opportunities for Filipina women beyond childbearing may not only positively benefit these women themselves, but also future generations.

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24

Drew, R. A., S. V. Siar, C. M. O'Brien, and A. G. C. Sajise. "Progress in backcrossing between Carica papaya × Vasconcellea quercifolia intergeneric hybrids and C. papaya." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (2006): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04248.

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Papaya is a major tropical fruit crop worldwide, however, all genotypes are susceptible to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P). Protocols have been developed to produce large numbers of intergeneric hybrids between Carica papaya L. and Vasconcellea quercifolia, which is PRSV-P resistant. Although pollen fertility of these hybrids was low, backcross populations were produced in both Australia and the Philippines when papaya flowers were pollinated with pollen from 11 hybrid plants that had been identified as having some pollen fertility and were PRSV-P resistant. Plantlets were produced after embryo rescue and culture in vitro. Second backcross generations (BC2) were easier to produce than first backcross (BC1) generations as pollen fertility was >80% in male BC1 plants. Variation in time to PRSV-P symptom expression and severity of virus symptoms in the backcross generations was observed in both countries. Commercially acceptable fruit were produced in the BC2 generation. The results demonstrate that efforts in wide hybridisation to transfer PRSV-P resistance to C. papaya, are better directed towards crosses between C. papaya and V. quercifolia than with other Vasconcellea species.

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25

Dr. SEVERINO S. MAGAT. "COCONUT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES ITS HISTORY, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND FUTURE TARGETS." CORD 8, no. 01 (December 1, 1992): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v8i01.254.

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The paper deals with selected aspects of agricultural research on coconuts in the Philippines as follows : (a) a historical review; (2) agricultural research system; (3) scientific and technological advances and findings; and (4) future development oriented targets. Recognizing the need to support the development of the coconut industry under a sustainable and profitable coconut farming environment, the R & D Thrusts of agricultural research centers on : 1) Varietal Improvement; 2) Cultural and Fertilizer Management (with emphasis on Integrated Soil Fertility Management; 3) Integrated Crop Protection; 4) Cadang‑cadang disease control; 5), Processing and Utilization of Coconut Wood; and 6) Technical Support Services and Advisory Development.

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26

Villason, Nelvin, and Dernie Olguera. "Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils under Cacao Production System in Davao de Oro, Philippines." Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v25i1.75.

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The study was conducted to understand the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils under cacao production system in Davao de Oro, Philippines. Eight (8) cacao farms were selected for detailed field characterization and sampling of soils for various nutrient analyses. Fertility status of each selected farm was determined by comparing the fertility properties of each soil with the critical nutrient level requirement for cacao. Results showed that most of the soils have a dark brown soil color in the upper horizons, and dark, yellowishbrown in the lower horizons. They range from moderately deep to very deep soil profile (19 to 150 cm), with very friable to extremely firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky, and slightly plastic to very plastic when soil consistence is wet. Lower elevations had shallow solum with high water table, resulting in the development of mottles and redoximorphic properties. The amount of clay ranged from 9 to 37%, with 18 to 40% for silt, and 30 to 68% for sand. Most of the cacao farms were intercropped with coconut, durian, lanzones, rubber, and banana. Most of the soils are moderate to slightly acidic, with pH values < 6.5 and CEC ranging from 10 to 34 meq/100g. Moreover, most of the areas have low organic matter (1.66%) except for the areas which continually applied organic matter during fertilization (4.60%). The amount of nitrogen (N) is optimum; however, phosphorus (P) was generally deficient in the soils of most cacao farms surveyed, while amount of potassium (K) ranges from 41.30 to 375.60 mg/kg.

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27

C. Esteban, Jerald Anthony, Hilario H. Casol Jr., and Eugine B. Dodongan. "Ethnofarming Practices of Mandaya Ginger Farmers in Andap, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, Philippines." Current Agriculture Research Journal 10, no. 2 (September 10, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.10.2.06.

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The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile and document existing practices and problems related to ginger farmers' soil fertility, diseases, and insect pest management practices. Also, to analyze the agro-ecological situation using SWOT analysis. The enumerators conducted one-on-one interviews with the ginger farmers with participative field transects from November 2017 to June 2018 to identify the Ethnofarming practices of Mandaya ginger farmers with 44 key participants. The result shows that the majority of the ginger farmers are old (36%), male (80%), married (85%) with 5 to 6 children (32%), with more than 25 years of ginger farming experience (77%) in less than 0.25 hectare (50%), and have low educational attainment (48%). The Mandaya ginger farmers use soil color and texture, the presence of Ageratum conyzoides, and crop income from the previous cropping as indicators to identify fertile and infertile soils. Fewer Mandaya farmers still practice indigenous knowledge including magical, factual, and traditional practices on ginger production. Although most farmers use new technologies, some tend to combine their indigenous knowledge with new technologies for ginger farming. It has been identified that the Mandaya farmers had limited knowledge of controlling insect and disease infestations, soil fertility management, and commodity price fluctuation, which are significant constraints for them. Mandaya ginger farmers and government agencies are encouraged to develop technologies that will utilize their indigenous knowledge of ginger and other crops while promoting, preserving, and protecting their cultural identity anchored to a scientific way of farming to help attain food security and sustainability for the country.

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28

Siarot, Warren Kim, Romel B. Armecin, and Jenyrose F. Ang-og. "Heavy Metal Contents of Vermicasts Produced in the Visayas Region, Philippines." Science and Humanities Journal 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.151.2.

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The Philippine National Standard set a minimum requirement for a soil organic amendment to be classified as an organic fertilizer or soil conditioner. Soil organic amendments have been used through the years and many farmers have developed their own to restore soil fertility and increase the production of food crops. This study was conducted (a) to characterize the physico-chemical properties of vermicast and to determine if they could be classified as organic fertilizer or soil conditioner and (b) to measure the heavy metal content (Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, and Cu) of the different vermicast produced in the Visayas Region to determine if these are safe to use for farming. Vermicast were collected from different farms from regions 6, 7, and 8 (Visayas Region). Majority of the vermicast were brown to black in color with moisture content ranging from 10-35%. Iron and Zinc were found to be the highest metal concentrations in all samples. Meanwhile Chromium, Cadmium, and Copper were only found in low concentrations based on the criteria set by the PNS (2016).

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29

Lightfoot, C., O. De Guia, and F. Ocado. "A Participatory Method for Systems-Problem Research: Rehabilitating Marginal Uplands in the Philippines." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 3 (July 1988): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970001615x.

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SUMMARYA participatory method that promotes farmer involvement in systems-problem research was developed in response to the failure to adopt improved cropping patterns among upland farmers. Techniques to identify systems problems involved group and individual farmer meetings. Problems concerning the cultivation of marginal cogonal (Imperata cylindrica) uplands were identified. An informal random sample survey, guided by topics of inquiry and biological measurements that employed systems analytical tools, was used to obtain a farmers' perception of ‘systems-problems’. Systems diagrams also provided a framework for searching and screening solutions. A sequence of vining legumes was tested in rehabilitating the marginal uplands. For this experiment farmers elaborated hypotheses on control of Imperata, recovery of soil fertility, and reduced labour costs in re-cultivation. Extensive research activity among the farmers indicates the value of this participatory method.

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30

Butalid, Roselyn M., Reynaldo M. Vequizo, and Pamela F. Resurreccion. "Fertility tracking tool for visually impaired and non-visually impaired women: A qualitative study." Belitung Nursing Journal 8, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1949.

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Background: A natural family planning device, Fertility Tracking Tool (FTT), was developed to serve as a visual and tactile guide in monitoring the fertile and infertile days of the menstrual cycle. However, there is lack of preferences about the tool among visually impaired and non-visually impaired women. Therefore, understanding their viewpoints will provide additional input for the final design of the product. Objective: This study aimed to explore the opinions of potential users of FTT in terms of acceptability, price sensitivity, buying intention, product placement, branding, and packaging. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research design with data gathered from focus group discussions. Eleven FGD sessions were conducted participated by one group of visually impaired and ten groups of non-visually impaired women from Iligan City, Philippines, selected through purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured FGD guide was utilized, and the sessions were audio-recorded. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The themes that emerged in the study were “adaptable” with three sub-themes (easy to use, safe to use, and aesthetic), “cost-effective”, “marketable”, “accessibility convenience”, “remarkable brand”, and “complementary packaging”. The study shows that the FTT is acceptable to both visually impaired and non-visually impaired women because it is user-friendly, has no side effects, and has a unique design. The accounts implying less price sensitivity, buying intention, accessibility preferences, notable branding, and auxiliary packaging are indications of the business potential of FTT. Conclusion: This study made a novel contribution to the nursing practice as the FTT is a newly invented device for natural family planning. The strong support from the government is necessary for FTT commercialization or even free distribution to the qualified users, not only in the research locale but extending the nationwide. The extensive FTT use may increase the natural contraceptive utilization in the Philippines, resulting in improved women’s health and population control. The FTT utilization can also be adapted across the globe to result in a better impact.

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31

R.Z Margate, M.I Secretaria, M.I Secretaria, G.D. Padrones, J.N. Maravilla, S.S. Magat, J.A. Mantiquilla, et al. "INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF HYBRID COCONUT GROWN IN DIFFERENT AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES." CORD 13, no. 01 (June 1, 1997): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v13i01.306.

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Four fertilizer trials initiated in 1986 and completed eight years later were conducted to find out the effect of using organic fertilizers vis‑a‑vis lower and higher levels of inorganic fertilizers and organic plus inorganic fertilizer combinations on hybrid coconuts. In all sites the application of inorganic fertilizers (both lower and higher levels of ammonium sulfate + KCl or NaCl) produced significant increases m nut yield, copra weight per nut and copra per tree but lowered soil pH. These increases in Yield, copra were closely associated with the correction of N and Cl deficiencies of the palms. The most profitable treatment was the lower inorganic fertilizer level followed by treatment where ammonium sulfate was substituted with organic fertilizers (organic + KCl or NaCl). A commercial organic Sagana 100 fertilizer either applied singly or in combination with inorganic Cl proved argonomically effective but its prohibitive cost made it uneconomical to use. Apparently organic fertilizers which are available in the farms and are much cheaper proved economical but need to be combined with Cl to be effective.

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32

Shittu, Waliu Olawale, and Norehan Abdullah. "Fertility, education, and female labour participation." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2017-0559.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among fertility, female education and female labour participation in ASEAN-7 countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Myanmar, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand, between 1990 and 2015. The choice of these countries is informed by their economic, social and political importance in the ASEAN Bloc; while Indonesia boasts of the largest population in ASEAN, Brunei and Malaysia boast of relatively advanced economies, in GDP terms. Design/methodology/approach Pesaran’s test of panel unit root in the presence of cross-sectional dependence was employed to test for the stationarity properties of the series. The dynamic long-run coefficients of the variables were examined using the pooled mean group, common correlated effect and dynamic OLS techniques, while the Granger causality test was used to estimate the direction of causality among the variables. Findings The findings indicate that there is both negative and positive relationship between fertility and labour force participation, with causality running from labour force participation through fertility – on the one hand, and between education and labour force participation, with no causality between the two – on the other hand. Research limitations/implications The study, therefore, upholds the role incompatibility and societal response hypothesis, as well as human capital and opportunity cost theories. Practical implications The appropriate policies are those that gear the countries’ fertility decisions towards the societal response hypothesis in order to enhance human capital development and increase productivity. This implies that the governments of ASEAN-7 countries should ease hindrances on a balanced combination of family-care and workforce participation on married women in view of the gender-wage gap created by female work apathy, which largely reduces domestic productivities. Appropriate policies in this direction include rising availability and affordability of childcare facilities, incentives for women higher education, attitudinal changes towards job-participating mothers, as well as legislated paid parental leaves which have balanced the, hitherto, incompatibility between work and childbearing. Originality/value Except for Abdullah et al. (2013), the authors have no knowledge of other authors who have worked on this relationship in the chosen ASEAN countries. This study is, however, an improvement upon that of Abdullah et al. (2013) in different ways, one of which is that it considers seven ASEAN countries, thus making the results more valid representation of the ASEAN Bloc. Furthermore, the Pesaran (2007) technique of unit root testing has not been found in any recent literature on the subject-matter. This technique, being a second-generation test, tests variable unit root in the presence of cross-sectional dependence.

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Christie, Maria Elisa, Mary Parks, and Michael Mulvaney. "Gender and local soil knowledge: Linking farmers' perceptions with soil fertility in two villages in the Philippines." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 37, no. 1 (January 2016): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12134.

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34

Mergos, George J. "The Economic Contribution of Children in Peasant Agriculture and the Effect of Education: Evidence from the Philippines." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i2pp.189-201.

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Issues of consumption-leisure choice and of the effect of education are at the centte of the debate on labour supply and on the economic value of children in peasant agriculture. This paper provides empirical evidence on how education affects child labour supply in an extended commodity demand-labour supply framework, using farmhousehold survey data from the Philippines. The empirical results of this paper point out that adult and child labour respond normally to changes in wages, that a complementarity exists between adult and child labour in farm operations, that children have a positive economic conttibution to farm households in peasant agriculture, and that education may have a limited impact in reducing fertility in rural households.

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Balacase, Auralyn F., Rodrigo B. Badayos, Pearl B. Sanchez, Erlindas Paterno, and Pompec Sta. Cruz. "Major Soil Series of Capiz, Philippines and their Suitable Crops." Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/pjae.v2i1.548.

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Evaluation and assessment of soil variabilities to determine crop suitability, constraints and best management practices to enhance crop productivity of the major soil series in Capiz were conducted from March to July 2016. A random collection of composite soil samples were taken from three depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) on the shoulder, back slope, and foot slope. Composite soil samples were air dried, pulverized, and were passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve and were analyzed in the laboratory. Results of laboratory analysis were used in matching land qualities and crop requirements following the 1975 FAO framework. Crop suitability ratings obtained from the results of matching were used to map crop suitability using geographical information system (GIS) and in determining limitations of these major soils to crop production. Results show that Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Sapian soil series were currently not suitable (N1) for corn due to soil acidity problem (pH<5). However, Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon and Sapian series were marginally suitable (S3) to banana, sugarcane, sweet potato and upland rice. Luisiana and San Manuel series were only marginally suitable to cassava but currently not suitable to other crops and permanently not suitable (N2) to irrigated and lowland rice. Other soil constraints identified to limit production of crops include drainage, coarse fragments, soil depth, topography, and rainfall. Regular conduct of soil survey and analysis is recommended to monitor fertility status and degree of variabilities in the field for proper land use. Farmers should also be oriented with new technologies to improve soil productivity and crop yield.

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Lauderes, Archie. "Energy bill and CO2 emissions of white corn (Zea mays) production systems of Calbayog, Samar, Philippines." Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.1.

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Low production in white corn is usually encountered by many farmers due to the reduction of production areas, incidence of pest and diseases, soil degradation in terms of fertility and acidity and climate change. As the world population continues to expand, there is greater pressure on resources essential for food production, including fossil energy. Hence, quest for additional calorie food sources that will require less energy and less water are needed. Data in this study were gathered using formal survey questionnaire to account the energy bill, CO2 emissions, and identify the high consuming practices in all production stages of corn. Under the farming conditions of Calbayog, Samar, at the energy audit analyses showed that white corn had 2,822.43 Mcal or 247.28 Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE) which emits 978.12 kg of CO2 per hectare.

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37

Ballon, Jastine Jane R., and Joseline R. Tamoria. "Factors contributing to and biological concepts about early pregnancy among Filipino adolescent mothers." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.21066.

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In the 21<sup>st </sup>century society, teenage life is the most deceitful stage in the life of a person. This is where teenagers adjust their physical and emotional changes in life. Early pregnancy becomes a social problem in our society and also in the Philippines. The study sought to determine the factors contributing to and biological concepts of adolescent mothers in early pregnancy. This mixed-method research purposively involved 30 adolescent mothers who enrolled in a state university in Zambales, Philippines. Results revealed that most adolescent mothers gave birth when they were 17-19 years old; most of them continue their studies and returned to school after three years and above. Among the factors, family and mass media do not affect their engagement in early pregnancy. Filipino adolescent mothers are all aware of the biological concepts in terms of the types of fertility control, biological processes, signs of pregnancy, and in the effects of early pregnancy. Five themes emerged on how young moms overcome their teenage pregnancy experiences. The respondents are all aware of the biological concepts in early pregnancy. Gender and development office of the university may craft programs that empower student-teenagers to cope with the challenges that they face during pregnancy.

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Calalang, Guadalupe D., Laurent Bock, and Gilles Colinet. "Establishing a soil reference system for fertility assessment and monitoring at plot level in the highlands of Mindanao, Philippines." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.77806.

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39

Macrohon, Julio Jerison E., Charlyn Nayve Villavicencio, X. Alphonse Inbaraj, and Jyh-Horng Jeng. "A Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Approach in Predicting High-Risk Pregnancies in the Philippines." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112782.

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Early risk tagging is crucial in maternal health, especially because it threatens both the mother and the long-term development of the baby. By tagging high-risk pregnancies, mothers would be given extra care before, during, and after pregnancies, thus reducing the risk of complications. In the Philippines, where the fertility rate is high, especially among the youth, awareness of risks can significantly contribute to the overall outcome of the pregnancy and, to an extent, the Maternal mortality rate. Although supervised machine learning models have ubiquity as predictors, there is a gap when data are weak or scarce. Using limited collected data from the municipality of Daraga in Albay, the study first compared multiple supervised machine learning algorithms to analyze and accurately predict high-risk pregnancies. Through hyperparameter tuning, supervised learning algorithms such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, and Multilayer Perceptron were evaluated by using 10-fold cross validation to obtain the best parameters with the best scores. The results show that Decision Tree bested other algorithms and attained a test score of 93.70%. To address the gap, a semi-supervised approach using a Self-Training model was applied to the modified Decision Tree, which was then used as the base estimator with a 30% unlabeled dataset and achieved a 97.01% accuracy rate which outweighs similar studies.

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40

Trail, Patrick J., Tim N. Motis, and Abram J. Bicksler. "A Regional Assessment of Four Green Manure/Cover Crop Species Suited to Tropical Southeast Asia." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i1.14329.

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While maintaining adequate levels of soil fertility can be a challenge on any farm, maintaining those levels on the resource-limited smallholder farms of the tropics requires options that are also affordable, practical, and appropriate in such challenging conditions. This research endeavor was designed to compare the adaptability and potential of four legume species promoted as Green Manure/Cover Crops (GMCC’s) in Southeast Asia. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), Lablab (Lablab purpureus), and Ricebean (Vigna umbellata) were planted in field trials in five diverse countries across Southeast Asia in 2016, including Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. Data was collected to assess the production of above-ground biomass, percentage of ground cover, and timing of growth cycles at each site. Although results varied from country to country based on soil-type, climatic conditions, and growing degree days, Jackbean consistently outperformed other GMCC species in terms of biomass production, yielding up to 12 t ha-1 on a dry-weight basis in Bangladesh and the Philippines. Of the four crops compared, cowpea consistently delivered the shortest growth cycle, reaching the pod formation stage in the fewest number of days across all five sites. These results provide informative answers regarding the growth habits and life cycles of these four crops across five diverse sites, and serve to enhance the capability of smallholders in Southeast Asia to select appropriate species needed for soil improvement purposes in a wide-ranging set of cropping systems.

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Gabo-Ratio, J. A. S., K. D. Jabagat, O. B. Soberano, K. Yonezu, and Y. H. Lee. "Geochemistry and geochronology of intrusive units in the Suyoc epithermal deposit: Constraints on magma fertility in the Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012021.

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Abstract The Mankayan Mineral District in northern Luzon, Philippines is host to world-class Cu-Au hydrothermal deposits such as the Far Southeast porphyry copper deposit and the Lepanto, Victoria, and Teresa epithermal deposits. It also hosts the Suyoc epithermal prospect in the southern portion of the district. This study focuses on the petrography, whole rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry and U-Pb dating of the three massive batholitic intrusive units (gabbro-diabase basement, tonalite-granodiorite, and hornblende quartz diorite) in Suyoc. U-Pb dating results reveal that the tonalite is Late Eocene in age (37.20 ± 4.70 Ma), while the hornblende quartz diorite was dated 3.18 ± 0.77 Ma (Middle Pliocene). The gabbro-diabase exhibits tholeiitic signature while the tonalite-granodiorite and hornblende quartz diorite are calc-alkaline. Trace element plots for the three host rocks indicate formation in a subduction setting. Furthermore, discrimination diagrams point to an adakitic character for the younger hornblende quartz diorite and typical arc rock signatures for the older gabbro and tonalite-granodiorite. The results indicate that hydrothermal mineralization is attributed to the hornblende quartz diorite, which coincides with the Pliocene mineralization recognized in the Mankayan Mineral District.

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Millicent I. Secretaria and Rogaciano Z. Margate. "Integrated Soil Fertility Management on Local Coconut Hybrid in a Farmer- Managed Coconut-Based Cropping System." CORD 17, no. 01 (June 1, 2001): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v17i01.346.

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An integrated soil fertility management or ISFM on-farm trial was conducted at Barangay Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City in 1993 to 1999 to know the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the vegetative growth, nutrient status and yield performance of intercropped Catigan dwarf x Laguna tall (CATD x LAGT) coconut hybrid better known as PCA 15–1 or CATLAG. Vegetative growth of CATD x LAGT palms revealed that ammonium sulfate + NaCl and goat manure + NaCl produced significantly bigger girth size on the first year and more number of leaves and living fronds on the second and fourth year, respectively. These treatments also enhanced early flowering (>50% @ 4.5 years) and yield (51-53 nuts/tree/yr @) 5 years from field planting) in hybrid palms. The organic fertilizers, i.e. goat manure and coconut husk, become more effective in their effect on the vegetative and reproductive characters of palms when combined with a Cl source (NaCl). The application of Cl nutrient contributed to the better performance of palms during the drought condition. The application of goat manure resulted in improved levels of soil nutrients as K, Ca, Mg and P, increased percent base saturation and lower soil acidity. The use of local hybrid, PCA 15-1 and ISFM-based low cost production inputs such as ammonium sulfate, goat manure/coco waste (husk) and common table salt as well as intercropping suitable crops under young coconuts is a profitable package of technologies capable of improving and sustaining coconut farm productivity in the Philippines.

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43

Guiriba, Glenton O. "DOCUMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF SWEET POTATO IN THE BICOL REGION, PHILIPPINES." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i1.1719.

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Sweet potato (locally known as kamote) is a major staple food of people in the Bicol Region who live in the upland areas. They have been growing this crop for so many years, providing some form of food security and income to their households. They have also developed sustainable farming system using indigenous knowledge which they have learned from their ancestors. With increasing attention being given to the sustainable farming system, there is a need to look into the indigenous knowledge and practices of the sweet potato farmers in the Bicol Region, Philippines had adopted through the years in the cultivation, production, and post-harvest management of sweet potato. Hence, his paper aimed to document the various indigenous production and post-harvest practices of the sweet potato farmers; evaluate the cultural, social, economic and environmental aspects/dimensions of these indigenous knowledge; discover the gender division of labor in the sweet potato cultivation, production and post-harvest management; and discover the science behind the indigenous knowledge. The study made used of varied social research methods such as sample survey, key-informants interview, focus group discussions and field observations. This study has proven that indigenous knowledge and practices to the sweet potato farmers cannot be underestimated in terms of enhancing the household and community food production and food security particularly in the upland rural areas of the Bicol Region. The indigenous knowledge of the people is very effective in meeting their food requirements, and effective in areas of land preparation, soil fertility enrichment, planting, pests management and weeding, harvesting and post-harvest management.

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44

Jabagat, Karl D., Jillian Aira Gabo-Ratio, Karlo L. Queaño, Kotaro Yonezu, Carla B. Dimalanta, Yuan-Hsi Lee, and Graciano P. Yumul. "Petrogenetic constraints on magma fertility in the Baguio Mineral District, Philippines: Probing the mineralization potential of the igneous host rocks in the Sangilo epithermal deposit." Ore Geology Reviews 125 (October 2020): 103703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103703.

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45

Padilla-Fernandez, Marietta Dina, Joseph P. Gonzales, and Miguel J. C. Mamauag. "Improving farm practices and productivity through training needs assessment of sugarcane farmers: the case of Davao Mill District, the Philippines." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3292.

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The need to improve the farm practices and productivity in the Davao mill district was examined through Training Need Assessment. The aim is to develop a well-designed and need-based training program for its sugarcane farmers. A two-stage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 112 respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was used and data were analyzed using Likert Scale and multiple regression analysis. The areas of training needs identified for sugarcane production were on the application/computation of chemical fertilizer, soil fertility management, selection of varieties, seizing fertilization and irrigation before harvesting, managing disease control and designing a weed control program. The information on the processing of sugar, the current situation of the sugarcane industry in the domestic and world markets, and farm plan and budgeting were also identified. For other crop production, the training needs were on swine, corn production and poultry raising. Farmers also need training on product quality and packaging and marketing for muscovado, vinegar and wine making for their source of livelihood. The relational analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between age and access to high yielding varieties with training needs expressed by the farmers on sugarcane production. Training could be more effective by targeting older farmers as they seemed to be more receptive to technology although young farmers also need to be trained due to succession in sugarcane farming. The study recommends to assess the interventions given to the Davao MDDC particularly the nursery farms under the Rapid Propagation and Distribution Program of SRA especially on the accessibility of HYV seeds. It also recommends for SRA and the Davao MDDC to increase extension contact and develop training modules and re-orient training schedules with training needs expressed by the farmers to improve the farm practices and productivity in the study area.

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Diekmann, Yoan, Daniel Smith, Pascale Gerbault, Mark Dyble, Abigail E. Page, Nikhil Chaudhary, Andrea Bamberg Migliano, and Mark G. Thomas. "Accurate age estimation in small-scale societies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (July 10, 2017): 8205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619583114.

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Precise estimation of age is essential in evolutionary anthropology, especially to infer population age structures and understand the evolution of human life history diversity. However, in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherer populations, time is often not referred to in calendar years, and accurate age estimation remains a challenge. We address this issue by proposing a Bayesian approach that accounts for age uncertainty inherent to fieldwork data. We developed a Gibbs sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that produces posterior distributions of ages for each individual, based on a ranking order of individuals from youngest to oldest and age ranges for each individual. We first validate our method on 65 Agta foragers from the Philippines with known ages, and show that our method generates age estimations that are superior to previously published regression-based approaches. We then use data on 587 Agta collected during recent fieldwork to demonstrate how multiple partial age ranks coming from multiple camps of hunter-gatherers can be integrated. Finally, we exemplify how the distributions generated by our method can be used to estimate important demographic parameters in small-scale societies: here, age-specific fertility patterns. Our flexible Bayesian approach will be especially useful to improve cross-cultural life history datasets for small-scale societies for which reliable age records are difficult to acquire.

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Stanyukovich, Maria V. "FERTILITY DANCE: THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF A FISHNET, OF DANCING ST. PASCUAL AND OF ST. CLARA OF ASSISI (THE PHILIPPINES) AND ITS ANCIENT PAGAN HERITAGE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 5 (2020): 112–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-5-112-139.

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48

Tirol – Namoc, Janice Aurora B., and Gloria T. Casabal. "Association Between Religious Index and Risky Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents." University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v9i1.134.

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“Adolescence” is a transition period where individuals experience various physiological changes, such as pubertal changes, brain structure changes, and sexual interest. The research intended to ascertain the association between the religious index and risky sexual behaviors among adolescents of the University of Bohol in School Year 2018-2019. The study utilized the descriptive normative survey method. There were 378 respondents included in this study within the age range of 18-21, taking a 95% confidence interval with 4.88 degrees of error. The research study used a tool modified from the national survey on the University of the Philippines Population Institute’s (U.P.P.I.) research on Young Adult Fertility Study (Y.A.F.S.). The researchers ensured the utmost confidentiality of the data. The overall religious index of the respondents is relatively high (3.06). Results revealed that the age and sex of the respondents are directly proportional to premarital sex. Premarital sex also increases with age. In particular, results showed an inverse association between the sex of the respondents and premarital sex, sex of the respondents and unprotected sex, sex of the respondents, and multiple sexual partnerships. It also showed that the overall religiosity index was not significantly correlated with premarital sex, unprotected sex, multiple sex partners. There is a need to establish a concrete connection between religious beliefs and religious practices in coming up with the respondents’ sound decisions on their sexual behaviors. Still, sound decision-making needs to be anchored on firmed-up distillation between religious beliefs and religious practices.

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Gross, Barbara A., and Creswell J. Eastman. "Prolactin and the return of ovulation in breast-feeding women." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, S9 (1985): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000025104.

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SummaryCross-sectional studies in Australia and the Philippines and a longitudinal prospective study in a selected Australian sample of breast-feeding mothers have shown that basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations are elevated during 15–21 months of lactational amenorrhoea.A predictive model of serum PRL levels and return of cyclic ovarian activity during full breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding and weaning has been developed from the results of breast-feeding behaviour and serum PRL, gonadotrophin and oestradiol measurements in 34 mothers breast-feeding on demand for a mean of 67 weeks.Breast-feeding patterns influence serum PRL levels. Important factors during full breast-feeding are the age of the baby, the longest interval between feeds at night and total 24-hr suckling time, and following the introduction of supplements, the mean interval between feeds, together with the total 24-hr suckling time and the number of solid supplements per day.The precise mechanisms whereby breast-feeding regulates cyclic ovarian activity remain unknown. Gonadotrophin secretion appears to be quantitatively normal, but qualitative changes, secondary to altered hypothalamic activity, may be the most important factor. A direct inhibitory effect of PRL on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis remains possible.Ovulation with a normal luteal phase is probable for 30% of breast-feeding mothers before the first menses, but is unlikely before 6 months, provided breast-feeding is frequent day and night.Measurement of serum PRL is a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation in the population studied.

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Cariño, Benjamin V. "Demographic Responses to Development: Sources of Declining Fertility in the Philippines. By Robert A. Hackenberg and Henry F. Magalit. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985. xxxviii, 332 pp. Tables, Bibliography. $22 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 4 (August 1986): 905–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056152.

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