Статті в журналах: "FERROUS ALLOY"

1

Saddiqe, Asim M., and Murali R V. "A Correlative Analysis of Machining Parameters with Surface Roughness for Ferrous and Non- Ferrous Alloy Materials." International Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/engineering-journal-ijoer-aug-2017-11.

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2

Jialing, Wen, Niu Quanfeng, and Xu Yanmin. "Ferrous alloy powder for laser cladding." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02870874.

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3

Popoola, Patricia Abimbola Idowu, Sanni Omotayo, Cleophas A. Loto, and Olawale Muhammed Popoola. "Inhibitive Action of Ferrous Gluconate on Aluminum Alloy in Saline Environment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/639071.

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The corrosion of aluminum in saline environment in the presence of ferrous gluconate was studied using weight loss and linear polarization methods. The corrosion rates were studied in different concentrations of ferrous gluconate 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/mL at 28°C. Experimental results revealed that ferrous gluconate in saline environment reduced the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy at the different concentrations studied. The minimum inhibition efficiency was obtained at 1.5 g/mL concentration of inhibitor while the optimum inhibition efficiency was achieved with 1.0 g/mL inhibitor concentration. The results showed that adsorption of ferrous gluconate on the aluminium alloy surface fits Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The potentiodynamic polarization results showed that ferrous gluconate is a mixed type inhibitor. Ferrous gluconate acted as an effective inhibitor for aluminium alloy within the temperature and concentration range studied. The data obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were in good agreement.

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4

Swindeman, R. W., and M. Gold. "Developments in Ferrous Alloy Technology for High-Temperature Service." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928737.

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Developments during the past twenty-five years are outlined for the technology of ferrous alloys needed in elevated temperature service. These developments include new alloys with improved strength and corrosion resistance for use in nuclear, fossil, and petrochemical applications. Specific groups of alloys that are addressed include vanadium-modified low alloy steels, 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, niobium-modified lean stainless steels, and high chrome-nickel iron alloys. A brief description of coating and claddings for improved corrosion resistance is also provided.

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5

Parimanik, Soumya Ranjan, Trupti Ranjan Mahapatra, Debadutta Mishra, and Akshaya Kumar Rout. "Dissimilar Laser Welding of NiTi Alloy with Ferrous and Non-ferrous Material: Optimization of Process Parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101167.

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NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is extensively utilized in various high-performance engineering industries such as medical devices, aerospace, air-craft structures, micro-electrical and electronic components, and more, owing to its exceptional properties, including shape memory effect (SME), superelasticity, and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, due to its distinct characteristics, achieving a suitable joint of NiTi alloys is a challenging task. Therefore, scientists have been dedicating significant efforts to the joining of this alloy. This current research explores the weldability of NiTi wires with stainless steel wire and copper wire using Laser. The micro-hardness and the tensile strength of the weld joint are acquired according to Taguchi design of experiment so as to identify the significance of the control factors (laser power, scan speed and focal length). Moreover, simultaneous optimization of multi performance characteristics is also attempted using Utility concept. The results from the confirmation runs showed that the predicted optimal machining parameters has im-proved the individual as well as the multiple performance characteristic.

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6

Pavithran, V., S. Dharani Kumar, and U. Magarajan. "REVIEW ON SHOT PEENING OF NON FERROUS ALLOY." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i02.024.

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7

Tanaka, Y., Y. Himuro, R. Kainuma, Y. Sutou, T. Omori, and K. Ishida. "Ferrous Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity." Science 327, no. 5972 (March 18, 2010): 1488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1183169.

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8

Prasertsook, Somsak. "Research and Development of Non-Ferrous Melting Energy." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.547.

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The objective of this research is to develop an existing crucible furnace fueled by diesel fuel into an energy saving LPG fueled furnace. The Non- ferrous melting furnace will be used to melt Aluminium and Copper alloys. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The furnace and equipment improvements outlined in this research will save an average fuel cost of 26.90 percent when using diesel oil. 2. When comparing the use of LPG fuel with diesel oil to melt aluminium alloy, LPG use results in an average cost saving of 43.18 percent as compared to diesel, while copper alloy melting results in an average cost saving of 50.83 percent. The world energy crisis has impacted economic growth in the developing countries mainly due to the high costs of importing energy such as crude oil from middle eastern countries where the high price of the oil has lead to a higher cost of products. Thus manufacturers must consider this when embarking of significant capital expenditure. It is believed that alternative energy is the way to relieve the energy crisis situation. Using suitable energy is one way to save on production costs. Foundries which produce non - ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper Alloy still use oil crucible furnaces as the source of heat energy. If they change the energy source from oil to be liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) the melting cost will be decreased. This research was the experimentally conducted by melting non - ferrous metals within a crucible furnace using either LPG or diesel oil and then comparing the consumption levels. Before the experiment we modified an existing crucible furnace which used diesel oil to be the experiment furnace. However for reference data this researcher took the Capacity table of crucible furnaces from Pyro - Industrial Systems Company U.S.A.

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9

Jiang, Z., C. Lucien Falticeanu, and I. T. H. Chang. "Warm Compression of Al Alloy PM Blends." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.333.

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With the onging trend of reducing the weight of automotive parts, there is also an increasing trend in the use of light alloys. Recently, aluminum powder metallurgy has been the subject of great attention due to the combination of the lightweight characteristics of aluminium and the efficient material utilisation of the powder metallurgical process, which offer attractive benefits to potential end-users. Conventional press and sinter route of non-ferrous P/M products are based compaction at room temperature prior to the sintering cycle. However, warm compaction process has successfully provided increased density in ferrous powder metallurgy parts, which contributes to better mechanical properties and consequently overall performance of those parts. This study is aimed at exploring the use of warm compaction process to aluminium powder metallurgy. This paper presents a detailed study of the effect of warm compression and sintering conditions on the resultant microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Si PM blend.

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10

Huang, Daud, Shih Huang Chen, and Hnin Hnin Mon. "The Preliminary Study on Re-Utilization of Ferrous-Nickel Slag to Replace Conventional Construction Material for Road Construction (Sub-Grade Layer Improvement)." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.694.

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Ferrous-nickel slag is an industrial waste material which produced from smelting process of ferrous-nickel uses in manufacturing of stainless steel and ferrous alloy industry, in China Guangdong province itself, it was estimated around 6-7million of ferrous-nickel slag has been produces annually, the common method in order to reutilize ferrous-nickel slag material is by using on cement industry (replace cement material) and as land-filling material. One of the main objectives of this study is to investigate the feasibility of reutilization of ferrous-nickel slag combined with soil improvement method to portion replace conventional construction materials such as sand and granular material on sub-grade or sub-base layer of pavement construction. Strength and swelling properties of ferrous-nickel slag and soil (sand) mixture after treatment with soil improvement agent will be use as main consideration the performances of ferrous-slag nickel material on road construction, includes 4-days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 7-day Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and also swelling behaviour of the mixture.

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11

Yu, Hailiang, Zhilin Liu, and Xiaohui Cui. "Advances in High-Performance Non-Ferrous Materials." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031186.

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12

Kapustová, Mária, and Jozef Bílik. "The Precision Forging Experiment of Mg Alloy Drop Forging Using Computer Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 1064 (December 2014): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1064.175.

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Rapid development of automotive industry brings increasing demand for die forgings made from non-ferrous metals. Market economy stimulates drop forges to produce forged pieces of highest quality and dimension precision with the accent on reduction in production costs. Precision die forging without flash belongs to progressive and economical technologies of die forgings production. This paper describes an experiment of precision forging in closed die of magnesium alloy type AZ 31. Given alloy type Mg-Al-Zn is suitable for bulk forming and is characterized by good hot formability. Achieved results may be applied in practice at production of longitudinal shaped forgings e.g. levers and connecting rods. In order to verify a design of closed die forging technology regarding the lever-shaped forged piece, simulation program MSC.SuperForge was used. Numeric simulation was significantly helpful at optimization of semi-product shape and dimensions and confirmed correct plastic flow of material in closed die cavity. The objective of this contribution was to point out current trends in searching for economical measures at production of die forgings from alloys of non-ferrous metals.

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13

Moritani, Tomokazu, Tadashi Furuhara, and Tadashi Maki. "Interphase Boundary Structure of Upper Bainite in Ferrous Alloy." Materia Japan 42, no. 12 (2003): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.42.879.

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14

Tanaka, Yuuki, Toshihiro Omori, Yoshiyuki Himuro, Yuji Sutou, Ryosuke Kainuma, and Kiyohito Ishida. "Development of Ferrous Shape Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity." Materia Japan 50, no. 8 (2011): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.50.339.

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15

Moiduddin, Khaja, Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Syed Hammad Mian, and Muneer Khan Mohammed. "Friction Stir Welding of Thick Plates of 4Y3Gd Mg Alloy: An Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 6924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226924.

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Applications of non-ferrous light metal alloys are especially popular in the field of aerospace. Hence it is important to investigate their properties in joining processes such as welding. Solid state joining process such as friction stir welding (FSW) is quite efficient for joining non-ferrous alloys, but with thick plates, challenges increase. In this study, Mg alloy plates of thickness 11.5 mm were successfully welded via single-pass FSW. Due to the dynamic recrystallization, grain size in the stir zone was reduced to 16 µm which is ≈15 times smaller than the parent material. The optimized rotational speed and traverse speed for optimum weld integrity were found to be 710 rpm and 100 mm/min, respectively. A sound weld with 98.96% joint efficiency, having an Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of 161.8 MPa and elongation of 27.83%, was accomplished. Microhardness of the nugget was increased by 14.3%.

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16

Konar, R., and M. Mician. "Ultrasonic Inspection Techniques Possibilities for Centrifugal Cast Copper Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0047.

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Abstract The article deals with ultrasonic testing possibilities of the copper alloy centrifugal casts. It focused on the problems that arise when testing of castings is made of non-ferrous materials. Most common types of casting defects is dedicated in theoretical introduction of article. Ultrasonic testing technique by conventional ultrasound system is described in the theoretical part too. Practical ultrasonic testing of centrifugal copper alloy cast - brass is in experimental part. The experimental sample was part of centrifugally cast brass ring with dimensions of Ø1200x34 mm. The influence of microstructure on ultrasonic attenuation and limitations in testing due to attenuation is describes in experimental part. Conventional direct single element contact ultrasound probe with frequencies of 5 MHz, 3.5 MHz and 2 MHz were used for all experimental measurements. The results of experimental part of article are recommendations for selecting equipment and accessories for casting testing made of non-ferrous metals.

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17

COJOCARU, MIHAI OVIDIU, MIHAI BRẬNZEI, TUDOR COMAN, and LEONTIN NICOLAE DRUGẶ. "Superior recovery of ferrous waste." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2021.6.2.4.

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Our experimental research has confirmed many practical results regarding the possibilities of ferrous waste recovery and has generated new perspectives for their use. It turned out that through an adequate preparation of ferrous waste involving washing - calcination - fragmentation - magnetic and granulometric sorting - rigorous dosing of the reducer - with or without the addition of new components (alloying elements, fluxes, etc.), depending on the purpose pursued, by carrying out closed, opened or virtual metallothermic reactions, pure technical iron, ferroalloys, alloy steels, additives used for non-removable joints by welding (welding aluminothermy) or powdery active components (virtual thermitic mixtures) used in thermochemical treatments can be obtained.

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18

Danninger, H., and C. Gierl. "New alloying systems for ferrous powder metallurgy precision parts." Science of Sintering 40, no. 1 (2008): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0801033d.

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Traditionally, the common alloy elements for sintered steels have been Cu and Ni. With increasing requirements towards mechanical properties, and also as a consequence of soaring prices especially for these two metals, other alloy elements have also become more and more attractive for sintered steels, which make the steels however more tricky to process through PM. Here, the chances and risks of using in particular Cr and Mn alloy steels are discussed, considering the different alloying techniques viable in powder metallurgy, and it is shown that there are specific requirements in particular for sintering process. The critical importance of chemical reactions between the metal and the atmosphere is described, and it is shown that not only O2 and H2O but also H2 and even N2 can critically affect sintering and microstructural homogenization.

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19

Danninger, H., and C. Gierl. "New alloying systems for ferrous powder metallurgy precision parts." Science of Sintering 40, no. 1 (2008): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0801031d.

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Traditionally, the common alloy elements for sintered steels have been Cu and Ni. With increasing requirements towards mechanical properties, and also as a consequence of soaring prices especially for these two metals, other alloy elements have also become more and more attractive for sintered steels, which make the steels however more tricky to process through PM. Here, the chances and risks of using in particular Cr and Mn alloy steels are discussed, considering the different alloying techniques viable in powder metallurgy, and it is shown that there are specific requirements in particular for sintering process. The critical importance of chemical reactions between the metal and the atmosphere is described, and it is shown that not only O2 and H2O but also H2 and even N2 can critically affect sintering and microstructural homogenization.

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20

Singh Wadhwa, Amandeep, and Amit Chauhan. "An Overview of the Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Non - Ferrous Metal Matrix Composites for Advanced Engineering Applications." Tribology in Industry 45, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/ti.1359.08.22.12.

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The ever increasing service requirement of industries like automobile, aerospace, marine, infrastructure and transportation have evolved non-ferrous metal matrix composites with different combinations of ceramic and soft reinforcements which have resulted in the improvement of their tribo-mechanical properties as compared to an unreinforced alloy. Secondary reinforcements provide safe disposal of agro-industrial waste thereby reducing environmental degradation. The scanning electron micrographs reveals fairly uniform dispersal of reinforcement in metal matrix if proper conditions are maintained and porosity levels are found to be in acceptable range. The density, hardness, wear resistance, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact strength of non-ferrous composites have been found to be either comparable or superior to an unreinforced alloy with minimum weight and cost. The purpose of current study is to explore the nonferrous composites and propose their application area based on material properties. An attempt has been made for indepth review on the effect of controllable process parameters on tribo-mechanical properties of the non-ferrous composites. The study concludes that non- ferrous composites with single or more than one reinforcement have superior tribo-mechanical characteristics making them suitable for design of high performance, low cost and low weight to strength ratio components.

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21

Skrzyński, Mateusz. "Characteristics of Wastes Produced by Polish Ferrous Alloys Casting Foundries between the Years 2010–2014." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 3, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2019.3.4.71.

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The balance of wastes originating from the foundry processes of ferrous alloys, prepared on the basis of data made available by the Polish Central Statistical Office, is presented in this paper. The kind and amount of individual foundry wastes subjected to management and storage by foundry plants were analysed. The problem of wastes between the years 2010–2016 is discussed on the national scale, as well as in individual regions or voivodeships. Altogether, 27,375.9 tons of waste from the group no. 10, of which non-ferrous metal and ferrous alloy wastes from foundry plants constituted 2%, were produced in Poland in 2010. This situation remained at a similar level over successive years, till 2014. The positive prognosis constitutes the fact that the amount of waste stored on dumping grounds belonging to foundry plants in Poland is gradually decreasing. This may be related to increasing costs of waste storage. During the tested years, the annual amount of gathered waste decreased from 4,796.6 thousand tons (in 2010) to 4,477.6 thousand tons (in 2014).

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22

Saptaryani, S.T., M.T., Titiek Deasy, Yuli Nurasri, Budi Santoso, and Mulianti Mulianti. "Analisis Sifat Mekanik Pada Material Standar Paduan COR ALSi10Mg(b) Dari Skrap Aluminium." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.16.1.986.

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The metal industry in Tegal Regency is classified into ferrous and non-ferrous metal industries. The shipping component industry is the leading producer of the non-ferrous metal industry. The problem faced by the non-ferrous metal processing industry, especially the Small and Medium Industry ship components is the availability of standard materials as raw materials at affordable prices. Instead, SMEs use scrap material to reduce selling prices, as a result of which product quality does not meet the required specifications. This research made 2 (two) formulas of AlSi10Mg(b) from an aluminum scrap mixture where AlSi10Mg(b) is one of the standard materials of cast aluminum alloy recognized by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). The study aimed to recommend raw material formulas to SMEs to ship components to make products according to BKI standards. The research began by collecting a database of aluminum scrap composition, then simulating calculations with an Excel program to obtain theoretical chemical composition so that the need for aluminum scrap was produced. The two standard material formulas of AlSi10Mg(b) are made from different main scrap where formula 1 is the piston, and formula 2 is the brake lining with the supporting scrap is the pan, aluminum elbow, and aluminum plate as well as the AlSi49 and AlMg20 master alloys. The simulation results are then cast with the sand-casting method. The cast results are made of specimens testing chemical composition and hardness. The results of the chemical composition test show that both formulas are in accordance with the conditions of AlSi10Mg(b) cast alloy, namely the percentage of Silicon (Si) and Magnesium (Mg) in formula 1 is 9.16% and 0.39% while formula 2 is 10.69% and 0.22%. Both formulas are still with Copper (Cu) content that still exceeds the limit of above 0.1%. The hardness value has met BKI standards above 50HBN.

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23

Hasein, Abbas Nasser. "Mechanical Properties Evaluation in Friction Stir Welding of Different Pipes." April 2022 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6654.

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The friction stir welding is used for joining non-ferrous and ferrous materials whether tube-shaped sections or flat plates in several manufacturing applications like aerospace applications, transport land applications, and shipbuilding applications. This study is focused on friction stir welding joining for similar and dissimilar pipes as (AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless steel with API 5L carbon steels, 6063 aluminum alloy with API 5L carbon steels, 6063 aluminum alloy with C36000, 6063 aluminum alloy with C12200, 6063 aluminum alloy with 6082 aluminum alloy, AL 6063 alloy with AL 7022 alloy, 7022 aluminum alloy with C12200, 7022 aluminum alloy with C36000 and C36000 with C12200). The study was conduct for these joints to evaluate the mechanical properties by tensile test, visual inspection, and Microhardness test. In friction stir welding of these alloy systems, six welding parameters were used, rotation speed of (775, 1000, 1300 and 1525 rpm), welding speed of 1.7mm/min, axial force of 8.5KN, with a clockwise direction of rotation, and zero degree of tilt angle, using a tool with a threaded cone geometry pin. The results show that for (AL6063 with AL6082 weld joint cases the best case was case 19, AL6063 with AL7022 weld joint cases showed that the best case was case 21 and C36000 high-leaded brass with C12200 copper alloy showed that the best case was case 36).

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24

Russkih, Andrey S., Sergey A. Krasikov, Ekaterina M. Zhilina, and Sergey A. Podkorytov. "Thermodynamic modeling of the rare elements behavior during the dissolution of heat-resistant nickel alloys waste in mineral acids." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-7-99.

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This work is aimed at studying the possibility of heat-resistant alloys waste processing, in particular, to determine the distribution of elements of a heat-resistant nickel alloy in solutions of mineral acids. The aim of the work was to predict the behavior of alloy components using the method of thermodynamic analysis. The research results can serve as a scientific basis for the development of promising technologies for the processing of metal wastes of heat-resistant alloys, allowing the extraction and separation of valuable rare and non-ferrous metals. Thermodynamic modeling of the interaction for the heat-resistant nickel alloy containing refractory rare metals with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids was carried out within a temperature range of 20-100 °C and concentration from 50 to 150 g/dm3 under a pressure of 1 atm. According to the results of calculations, it was revealed that nickel transfers into sludge, both in the form of a metal and in the form of a Ni4W compound. A temperature growth of more than 60 °C and an acid concentration from 50 to 150 g/dm3 do not affect predominant distribution of tantalum and niobium pentoxides into the slurry and contributes to the transition to a solution of non-ferrous metals. The obtained data of thermodynamic modeling were confirmed in experiments on the anodic dissolution of the alloy in sulfate solutions. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis of sludge, it was found that the highest intensity of the diffractogram peaks corresponded to a solid solution of tungsten in nickel. The oxide phases of tantalum were also detected. In the electrolyte solution transferred, mainly Re, Co, Cr. Thus, it was shown the possibility of using the method of thermodynamic modeling to predict the behavior of elements in the processing of waste heat-resistant nickel alloys.

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25

Weckman, David C. "Horizontal Direct-Chill Continuous Casting of Non-Ferrous Alloy Rods." International Journal of Materials Research 78, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1987-781210.

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26

Xu, Anlian. "A study on the Friction Stir Welded Non-ferrous Alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1676 (November 2020): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1676/1/012019.

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27

Agarwal, Arvind, and Narendra B. Dahotre. "Pulse electrode deposition of superhard boride coatings on ferrous alloy." Surface and Coatings Technology 106, no. 2-3 (August 1998): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00545-3.

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28

Miura, Hideshi, Teruie Takemasu, Kosuke Komoto, Shota Hamamoto, and Shigeru Unami. "Development of High Precision and Strength Sintered Ferrous Alloy Gear by Rolling-2nd Report-Rolling Characteristics of Sintered Ferrous Alloy Gear by Modified Tools." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 56, no. 6 (2009): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.56.336.

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29

Huang, Sheng, Dichen Li, Lianzhong Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Weijun Zhu. "Tailoring the Mechanical Properties of Laser Cladding-Deposited Ferrous Alloys with a Mixture of 410L Alloy and Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo Alloy Powders." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030410.

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The effects of different ratios of 410L alloy and Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo alloy powders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladding-deposited ferrous alloys were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the 410L alloy had good strength and excellent ductility due to its microstructure consisting of large elongated ferrite dendrites surrounded by a small number of martensite grains, while the Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo alloy had high strength and poor ductility because of its eutectic microstructure composed of ferrite and Fe2B/Cr2B. As the concentration of Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo alloy powder added to the 410L alloy powder increased, the ferrite grains became finer and the volume fraction of the eutectic increased, which eventually improved the strength and reduced the plasticity. Then, 410L + 12.5% Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo alloy powder was successfully deposited onto AISI 1060 steel substrate via laser cladding deposition, and the mechanical properties met those of the substrate, which verified that tailoring the mechanical properties of the laser cladding-deposited alloys with a mixture of 410L and Fe–Cr–B–Si–Mo alloy powders for steel repairing applications is a feasible solution.

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30

Gao, Xiaoyong, Lin Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, Qiang Ren, and Xuanhui Qu. "Transfer of rare earth to alloy and inclusion during slag-metal reaction." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 4 (2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021057.

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Rare earth metal transfer from slag to alloy and inclusion was investigated by slag-metal reaction method. Rare earth oxide (CeO2) employed in the refining slags was used a sample case. The results show that direct application of rare earth oxide in the slag is an alternative to traditional way which uses pure rare earth metal or rare-earth ferrous alloy to add rare earth in an alloy. Slag-metal reaction method proves to be an effective way to improve the rare earth transfer from slags to alloys with high content of Al. The content of Ce in the alloy increased with the increasing CeO2/Al2O3 mass ratio of the slag. As the Ce concentration of molten alloy increased from 0 to 105 ppm, the Al2O3 type inclusion was changed into cerium oxide, cerium sulfide and cerium oxy-sulfide inclusions. In addition, the morphology of inclusions was transformed from irregular to near spherical. Finally, the mechanism was discussed by thermodynamic analysis.

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31

Fan, Yun Ying, Dong Hua Chen, and Xiao Jing Liu. "Analysis and Calculation of Electrodeposition Process of Zn Alloy Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.386.

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Electrodeposited Zn-Fe alloy coating has good anti-corrosion performance and has been widely applied to protect steel materials from corrosion. In this paper, Zn-Fe alloy coatings were plated from acidic sulphate bath, and the relationship between real concentration of metallic complexes ([ZnL+] and [FeL+]) in the bath, which was calculated through solving nonlinear equations by METLAB software, and components of alloy coatings was studied. When ZnSO4•7H2O added in the bath increases from 10 g/L to 50 g/L, the ratio of ferrous complex to total complex decreases from 81.96% to 46.76%, simultaneously the iron content in Zn-Fe alloy coatings decreases from 26.82% to 6.32%. As FeSO4•7H2O and (NH4)2SO4 added in the bath increases from 40 g/L to 80 g/L respectively, the ratio of ferrous complex to total complex increases from 50.02% to 66.23% and from 58.65% to 60.37% respectively, simultaneously the iron content in coatings increases from 8.26% to 13.77% and from 9.28% to 11.92% respectively. The results show that variation of concentration of metallic complexes in the bath can lead to variation of components of coating proportionally.

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Kim, Myoung Gyun, Gyu Chang Lee, and Joon Pyo Park. "Continuous Casting and Rolling for Aluminum Alloy Wire and Rod." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.255.

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Since the Continuous Casting & Rolling of the non-ferrous metal by Illario Properzi have invented in 1944, the various non-ferrous rod, wire and sheet are produced at present. Although there is long research and trials for producing the wire or rod of commercial the high-strength aluminum alloy, there are few companies with the success in producing commercial hard-aluminum alloys wire and rod by CC&R process. The application of the high-strength aluminum alloy rod or wire is various parts such as rivet, bolt, sports leisure supplies, high-tension power transmission wire, machinable and forgeable materials. However, it is very difficult to produce the high-strength aluminum alloy wire and rod by CC&R process because of the wide mushy zone and high strength compared with the pure or low strength aluminum alloy. Additionally, it is easy to crack and breakout in casting and rolling process due to tiny internal defects of the castings. The object of this project is to design the most suitable equipments for CC&R and optimize the experimental condition of continuous casting condition of the high-strength aluminum alloy. The facilities of CC&R process in RIST are composed of the melting furnace, the wheel casting machine, the automatic machine for moving of castings bar, the 15-step rolling machine with three rolls, the induction heater for reheating the castings bar and the coiling machine. In the present work, through the numerical computer simulation, in first, we have developed the thermal model of the solidification behavior of the casting bar. Finally, using finite element code, Marc, the temperature distribution of each rolled bar and effective strain are obtained during continuous rolling.

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33

Saddique, Asim M., Murali R V, and Salim R.K. "Experimental Investigation into Influence of Lathe Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness for Ferrous and Non- Ferrous Alloys." International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijare.2017.3.4.11.

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Optimization of lathe cutting parameters is very important as they form the best suitable conditions for the machining operations. For the efficient use of a CNC Lathe, a set of optimum cutting parameters (speed, feed and depth of cut) is an essential requirement. Surface Roughness, which heavily depends on these cutting parameters, is one of the most frequently used standards to define the quality of turned components. In this work, a correlative study of cutting parameters and the surface roughness for ferrous (stainless steel 304) and non–ferrous alloy (aluminum) material is carried out and presented. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques are employed to investigate the influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness values. Results from contour plots are obtained to investigate the patterns of factors and the responses. The combination of optimum experimental parameters can be found by machining these ferrous and non-ferrous materials in CNC turning center and finding the least surface roughness parameters. ANOVA analysis, integrated with Design Expert© software, is used to determine effective ratios of the parameters and subsequently the relationships between input parameters and their responses relationship are established. The minimum surface roughness results in reference to spindle rpm, feed rate, and depth of cut are determined and estimation of the optimal surface roughness values (Ra) for least surface roughness are the results obtained in the study. This study presents the findings of an experimental investigation into the effect of turning parameters like cutting speed. Feed rate and depth of cut by turning ferrous (stainless steel 304) and non-ferrous material (Aluminium) in the CNC turning center and then checked the surface roughness values with Mitutoyo SJ-301 instrument. The effects of parameters and their correlation with the surface roughness and the optimal values have been analysed. These results establish a firm relationship and correlation between cutting parameters and surface roughness and in doing so, results also achieve an optimal set of machining parameters for select ferrous and non-ferrous materials.

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34

Low, H. T., Esah Hamzah, S. Farahany, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad, and M. H. Cho. "Effect of Cooling Rate on the Corrosion Behaviour of Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.71.

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Zinc and its alloy is non-ferrous metal often used as anodic material for the corrosion control in industries. The aim of this research is to determine the corrosion behavior of Zn alloy with different cooling rate during casting process. The three zinc alloys used were Zn-0.5Al, Zn-0.5Al-0.1Mg and Zn-0.5Al-0.3Mg. The cooling rates were varied by pouring the melt into the ceramic and steel moulds. Thermal analysis test was conducted to indentify phase reaction and quantify the cooling rate data. Material characterization and electrochemical test were performed on the cast samples by using standard equipment. The results show that the Zn-0.5Al-0.3Mg cast with fast cooling rate had the lowest corrosion rate compare to others. This indicates that the magnesium addition can improve the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy.

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35

Gaci, M., S. Mezian, and A. Fouathia. "Simulation in 2D of a martensitic transformation in a ferrous alloy." Advances in Applied Physics 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/aap.2021.367.

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36

Figueroa, C. A., T. Czerwiec, C. Driemeier, I. J. R. Baumvol, and S. Weber. "Nitrogen diffusion enhancement in a ferrous alloy by deuterium isotopic effect." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 11 (June 2007): 116106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737956.

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37

Zhou, Zhijian, Jian Cui, and Xiaobing Ren. "Phase diagram of FeNiCoAlTaB ferrous shape memory alloy on aging time." AIP Advances 7, no. 4 (April 2017): 045019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982695.

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38

Nescoromniy, S. V., Eugene L. Strizhakov, and V. G. Vinogradov. "Analysis of the Formation of Welded Joints from Non-Ferrous Alloy." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.753.

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The features of the production of welded joints from non-ferrous alloys are considered. The disadvantages of the used capacitor welding methods are described. To reduce the possibility of intermetallic compounds, it is proposed to use high-voltage capacitor welding with induction-dynamic drive (HVCW with IDD) on super-rigid modes of action. The technological scheme methods of HVCW with IDD are given, the physical nature of the impulse process is described. The results of comparative analysis of the waste of thermal energy depending on the technological method and roughness of the welded surfaces, as well as the ratio of thermal and mechanical energies for each method of HVCW with IDD are given.

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39

Abhishek, A., M. Warrier, and E. Rajendra Kumar. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Helium Cluster Formation in Ferrous-Chromium Alloy." Fusion Science and Technology 65, no. 2 (April 2014): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst13-655.

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40

Emadi, Payam, Eli Vandersluis, Bernoulli Andilab, Michael Rinaldi, and Comondore Ravindran. "Ultrasonic Processing of Magnesium Alloy for Property Enhancement." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.200.

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The reduction of harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be realized by utilizing lightweight structural metals, such as magnesium. Magnesium alloys have the potential to replace higher-density aluminum and ferrous components in automotive and aerospace industries, thereby decreasing vehicle weight and the associated fuel requirements. However, their strength and ductility must be improved to ensure widespread application. This goal can be achieved through ultrasonic processing in the molten state, a technique that is gaining popularity in the manufacturing of light alloys. In this study, the effects of high-intensity ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and hardness of AZ91E Mg alloy was investigated. The molten alloys were subjected to sonication of varying durations, and the resulting castings were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness testing. Sonication was found to successfully increase the hardness of the alloy relative to the base condition. This improvement was attributed to the refinement of the magnesium grain structure as well as the Mg17Al12 and Mn-Al secondary phases in the sonicated alloys. The competitiveness of magnesium alloys can be significantly enhanced via ultrasonic processing, offering important opportunities for the production of greener, light metal components.

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41

Kellou-Kerkouche, Farida, Abdelkader Benchettara, and Sif-Eddine Amara. "Anionic Surfactant as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Synthesized Ferrous Alloy in Acidic Solution." Journal of Materials 2013 (January 22, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/903712.

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The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of a synthesized iron-based alloy in 1 N sulphuric acid solution has been examined by means of three electrochemical techniques. Thereafter, we studied the influence of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) at various concentrations on the electrochemical behaviour of the ferrous alloy. The obtained results show that the temperature increase reduced the performance of the used alloy, in the acidic environment. Otherwise, the surfactant inhibits the alloy dissolution in the sulphuric acid, through its adsorption on the metal surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process. We also noticed that the highest inhibition effect is obtained at a concentration above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Langmuir adsorption isotherm fits well with the experimental data.

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42

Pivovarchyk, A. A., A. M. Mikhaltsov, and Ya I. Tsishkova. "Development of the composition of a lubricant for injection under pressure with high sedimentation stability." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-31-35.

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The article describes the requirements for the lubricant used in injection molding of non-ferrous alloys. A methodology for conducting research to determine the sedimentation stability of a prepared lubricant is presented, as well as the results of a study of the sedimentation stability of a lubricant used in non-ferrous alloy die casting. It was established that in order to significantly increase the sedimentation stability of the compositions of lubricants for casting silumin based on the selected components, it is necessary to pre-heat the initial components to a temperature of at least 80 °C and mix them at a rotational speed of the dispersant blades of at least 6000 min–1. The optimal mode of lubrication with high sedimentation stability (more than 200 days) is observed at the following temperature and time indicators: the temperature of the heating of the starting components is at least 90 °C, the mixing time is 5 minutes, and the mixing frequency is 18000 min–1.

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Naizabekov, Abdrakhman, Sergey Lezhnev, Alexandr Arbuz, and Evgeniy Panin. "Combined process “helical rolling-pressing” and its effect on the microstructure of ferrous and non-ferrous materials." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 2 (2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017099.

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Ultrafine-grained materials are one of the most promising structural and functional materials. However, the known methods of obtaining them are not enough powerful and technologically advanced for profitable industrial applications. Development of the combined process “helical rolling-pressing” is an attempt to bring technology to produce ultrafine-grained materials to the industry. The combination of intense processing of the surface by helical rolling and the entire cross section of workpiece in equal channel angular matrix, with intense deformation by torsion between rolls and matrix will increase the degree of deformation per pass and allows to mutually compensate disadvantages of these methods in the case of their separate use. This paper describes the development of a laboratory stand and study of influence of combined process “helical rolling-pressing”on the microstructure of tool steel, technical copper and high alloy stainless high-temperature steel.

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44

CHOI, JINMYUNG, SEULKI PARK, BONGGYU PARK, IKMIN PARK, YONGHO PARK, and YONGJIN KIM. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPEREUTECTIC Al-20wt%Si/TiCp METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2009): 1491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209061159.

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Hypereutectic Al - Si alloys are one of the most interesting material for high strength structural components because they have low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as well as high wear resistance and mechanical properties. However, Al -based alloys have lower hardness and wear resistance than ferrous alloys and these disadvantages restrict the use of al -based alloy. They could be overcome by making composite reinforced with ceramic particles. TiC was good candidate for the reinforcement of the alloy. Al -20 wt % Si was fabricated by gas atomization and 1, 3 and 5 wt % TiC were mixed to these powders by turbular mixer for 10h with 45rpm. The mixture was hot-pressed at 550℃C for 1h under 60MPa pressure. Relative density of the sintered samples was about 98% of theoretical density. The effect of reinforcements on mechanical properties and wear resistance of composite was investgated. Strength, hardness and wear resistance of the sintered sample were improved by the grain refinement and dispersion strengthening.

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45

Knyazev, S. V., A. I. Kutsenko, A. A. Usol'tsev, R. A. Gizatulin, and N. V. Oznobikhina. "Investigation of technology schemes for the production of cast composite functional materials." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-11-1156-1160.

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Obtaining and using ligatures, modifiers and deoxidizers to obtain structural alloys of a given composition and properties in metallurgy and foundry is an important production task. One of the existing developments in the field of technologies for the preparation of functional composites on a matrix basis for non-ferrous and ferrous alloys is the combination of solid filler with a melt of an active metal binder. At that, from the filler material, which is selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, titanium, silicon, boron, manganese, first a porous workpiece of a given geometric shape with a technological total pore volume is formed, then it is heated to a temperature corresponding to the liquidus temperature of the active binder, the heating being carried out in a gas inert medium, after which the heated workpiece is impregnated with the melt of this binder by forced infiltration of the melt into the pores of the workpiece under pressure, mainly by the method of liquid stamping. The task of the study was to expand the scope of use of composites, to create a single flexible universal, and at the same time, simplified technology that will provide an opportunity to obtain a wide range of diverse in composition and service characteristics of deoxidizers, modifiers and ligatures for non-ferrous and ferrous alloys. The developed technology, based on vacuum impregnation (suction) of the matrix alloy through porous filler, makes it possible to obtain new functional metal-matrix composite materials of a given composition for use as inexpensive ligatures, modifiers and deoxidizers in metallurgical processes, as well as to simplify and make their use safe. The proposed method for obtaining ligatures, modifiers and deoxidizers provides a possibility of their industrial serial production and is easy to perform, and also reduces the cost of the metallurgy product obtained with their application by increasing the effective content of active components and their more complete assimilation, which reduces the consumption of scarce and expensive materials.

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Matson, Douglas M., Xuanjiang Liu, Justin E. Rodriguez, Sangho Jeon, and Olga Shuleshova. "Retained Free Energy with Enhanced Nucleation during Electrostatic Levitation of Undercooled Fe-Co Alloys." Crystals 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070730.

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Double recalescence in many ferrous alloy systems involves rapid solidification of metastable ferrite from the undercooled melt with subsequent transformation to stable austenite. Containerless processing is used to monitor the process using pyrometry and high-speed cinematography such that delay behavior can be predicted based on the application of the retained damage model (RDM). When comparing Fe-Cr-Ni alloys to Fe-Co alloys, the cluster attachment rate is enhanced while free energy retention is reduced. These trends are tied to specific alloy properties. A retained free energy criterion is proposed based on the ratio of thermophysical properties used to define the transformation driving force such that the thermodynamic limit for energy retention may be predicted. Surprisingly, at long delay times, healing occurs such that much of the retained free energy is not available to enhance the transition from metastable to stable phases. At delay times less than one second, no healing is observed and the RDM correctly predicts transformation delay behavior over a wide range of alloy compositions.

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47

Al-Helal, Kawther, Jaime Lazaro-Nebreda, Jayesh B. Patel, and Geoff M. Scamans. "High-Shear De-Gassing and De-Ironing of an Aluminum Casting Alloy Made Directly from Aluminum End-of-Life Vehicle Scrap." Recycling 6, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6040066.

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High-shear melt conditioning (HSMC) technology was used for degassing and de-ironing of an aluminum alloy recovered from the Zorba cast fraction of the non-ferrous scrap from shredded end-of-life vehicles. The results showed that the recovery of aluminum alloys from the Zorba cast fraction was more than 80%. High-shear melt conditioning improved the degassing process during melt treatment in comparison with the adding of degassing tablets. The efficiency of the de-ironing process using HSMC increased by up to 24% after, increasing the Mn content to 0.8% in the melt. Adding Mn to Zorba melt enhanced the de-ironing process and eliminated the formation of β-AlFeSi intermetallic particles, which have a detrimental effect on both the mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloy.

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48

Fourlaris, G. N., and A. J. Baker. "A high-Voltage electron microscopical investigation of interphase precipitation in high-carbon copper-bearing steels." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174151.

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It is well established that in certain types of low alloy steels the precipitation of alloy carbides occurring on the moving ferrite-austenite interphase boundaries accompanies the growth of proeutectoid ferrite. In other ferrous alloys containing copper or gold but carbon free, the precipitation of discrete particles or particles with fibrous morphology, on the moving ferrite-austenite interphase boundaries has also been observed. In order to describe these phenomena the term interphase precipitation has been used. Although considerable research has been carried out, especially in low carbon copper-bearing steels, interphase precipitation of ε-Cu in high carbon copper steels is not yet fully understood. In this study, high carbon copper-bearing steels were used to assess the interphase precipitation characteristics in the various microconstituents of these steels.

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Wang, Long, Guofei Cheng, Ting Liu, Junbao Yang, Mifang Deng, Hongbing Huang, Ligang Ding, Yuexin Ma, and Yuhua Tan. "Exploring on Stereo Morphology and Habit Plane of Martensite in Ferrous Alloy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 381 (August 16, 2018): 012168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/381/1/012168.

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50

WANG, Zaiyou. "Action mechanism of phase transformation on cavitation erosion resistance for ferrous alloy." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 03 (2008): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2008.03.094.

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