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Статті в журналах з теми "FePO4"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Jing, Hai Li, Guo Jun Li, and Rui Ming Ren. "Preparation and Characteristics of FePO4·xH2O Powder." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.77.

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Анотація:
Nano-sized precursor FePO4·xH2O particles were obtained by oxidation co-precipitation using FeSO4⋅7H2O, H2O2 and ammonia. The powder was characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TG-DTA results determined the content of crystal water of FePO4·xH2O, i.e. x = 1.5. The SEM observation suggested that FePO4·xH2O particles were spherical in shape and its grain size was about 150 nanometers. The dispersion of the synthesized powder was improved through the addition of surfactant. The XRD analysis indicated that the synthesized FePO4·xH2O was amorphous. After being calcined at 720 °C for 10 hrs, the synthesized FePO4·xH2O at pH of ~3.5 was crystallized and FePO4 in a single phase was obtained. According to the test results, the optimized preparation process parameters were determined.
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2

Manickam, Minakshi, Pritam Singh, Touma B. Issa, Stephen Thurgate, and Kathryn Prince. "Electrochemical Behavior of LiFePO4 in Aqueous Lithium Hydroxide Electrolyte." Key Engineering Materials 320 (September 2006): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.320.271.

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Анотація:
The electrochemistry of olivine-type iron phosphate (FePO4) as a battery cathode material, in aqueous lithium hydroxide (LiOH), has been investigated. The material forms intercalated LiFePO4 reversibly on electroreduction/oxidation. The formation of Fe3O4 phase, in addition to the regeneration of FePO4 during reverse oxidation of LiFePO4, also occurs. In this regard, the mechanism of FePO4 discharge/charge in aqueous LiOH differs from that in non-aqueous solvents.
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3

Wang, Huiqi, Mingxia Guo, Yue Niu, Jiayu Dai, Qiuxiang Yin, and Ling Zhou. "Study on Precipitation Processes and Phase Transformation Kinetics of Iron Phosphate Dihydrate." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101369.

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Анотація:
The process of the phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline FePO4·2H2O was studied in this research. It was found that Fe and P are predominantly present as FeHPO4+ and FeH2PO42+ and an induction period exists during the transition from amorphous to monoclinic form. The induction period and the time required for phase transformation were shortened with the increased temperature. Phase transformation could be kinetically described by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) dynamics model. The dissolution rate of amorphous FePO4·2H2O is the rate-limiting step of this process. the activation energy of phase transformation is calculated to be 9.619 kJ/mol. The results in this study provided more guidelines for the regulation of FePO4·2H2O precursors by precipitation method.
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4

Ma, Jun Jun, Jia Zhou, Xue Min Zu, and Xing Yao Wang. "Study of Circulation of Reaction Liquid in Liquid Phase Synthesis of LiFePO4 as Cathode Material." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.128.

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Анотація:
LiFePO4 as cathode materials for lithium-ion battery were prepared by a liquid-phase method which utilizes FeSO4•7H2O, NH4H2PO4, H2O2, CH3COOLi and glucose as raw materials. The aqueous can be directly used in the synthesis of FePO4•xH2O without any treatment and the ethanol should be distilled before the synthesis of LiFePO4. The result showed that the high purity of FePO4•xH2O can be achieved even prepared with the aqueous which was used for five times. LiFePO4 cathode material prepared with the distilled ethanol exhibited the best initial discharge capacity of 156.3 mAh•g-1 and the capacity retention ratio 99.49% after 30 cycles at 0.1 C rate.
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5

Saveetha, S., and K. A. Vijayalakshmi. "The morphological study of FePO4/plasma treated bamboo charcoal composite act as cathode material in energy storage devices." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 4 (December 2021): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.164.1359.

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Анотація:
The capacity of energy storage devices to be based on the cathode material with best morphology. The FePO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and Bamboo charcoal (BCC) was synthesized and activated by pyrolysis method. The cold Plasma was used to magnify the surface behaviour of activated Bamboo Charcoal. The hybrid composite of FePO4/Plasma exposed BCC and pure FePO4 nano materials morphological and structural properties were analysed through XRD, FTIR and SEM characterization studies. This research reveals that the Plasma exposed BCC nanoparticles were well incorporate with FePO4 nanoparticles and delivered embedded FePO4 nanoparticles. The result shows that the FePO4/plasma exposed BCC particle size was decreased when compare to pure FePO4, which in turn increase the energy storage capacity of the material.
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6

Cao, Ying, Lianmei Wei, Xianzhen Song, Xixi Yan, Xiaoyu Liu, and Lijun Wang. "Synthesis of iron phosphate-SAPO-34 composite and its application as effective absorbent for wastewater treatment." MATEC Web of Conferences 238 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823802003.

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Анотація:
High-purity FePO4 was purified from iron-based phosphating slag as raw material, and FePO4@SAPO-34 was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization method under the action of templating agent-diethylamine. The synth esized FePO4@SAPO-34 samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SE M) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of different crystallization time on the morpholo gy and crystallization of FePO4@SAPO-34 crystals were investigated. The removal of heavy metal ion wastewater by low-cost FePO4@SAPO-34 was investigated. The experimental results show that when the reaction time is 180 °C an d the reaction time is 72h, the crystallization of FePO4@SAPO-34 is the best. When the dosage is 0.6g, the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions is the highest.
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7

Jiang, Bing, Wen Qin Wang, Yu Song Liu, and Zhi Meng Guo. "Preparation of FePO4•2H2O with Flower-like Microstructure by a Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.550.

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Анотація:
FePO4·2H2O with orthorhombic flower-like microstructure was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process which was of low-cost and easy processing in large area. The formation mechanism of the flower-like FePO4·2H2O was discussed in details by investigating the different concentration of reactants and reaction time. The results show that the morphology of FePO4·2H2O changed from microsphere to flower-like structure, which possess an unique morphology with six petals and the angle of each petal being 60o. The formation mechanism of FePO4·2H2O flowers can be explained by the dissolution-recrystallization and crystal splitting.
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8

Sun, Yuan, Xiu Juan Zhao, and Rui Ming Ren. "Synthesis of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials by a Chemical Method." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.57.

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Анотація:
The olivine-type LiFePO4 powder was prepared by a chemical method using the synthesized FePO4⋅2H2O, LiOH and glucose as raw materials. The synthesized FePO4⋅2H2O powder was obtained by co-precipitation method. FePO4⋅2H2O and LiFePO4 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the synthesized FePO4⋅2H2O powder at pH of 2.05 was in a single phase and nearly spherical in shape. Using the synthesized powders to prepared LiFePO4 at 600 °C in vacuum for 2 h was nearly spherical in shape and whose size was in the range of 0.1-0.5μm.
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9

Park, Yejun, Byungjoo Lee, Chunjoong Kim, Jongmin Kim, and Byungwoo Park. "Effects of iron-phosphate coating on Ru dissolution in the PtRu thin-film electrodes." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0013.

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Анотація:
The effects of FePO4 nanoscale coating on PtRu thin films were investigated on the block of Ru crossover. Ru dissolution was examined by the accelerated-potential cycles between 0.4 and 1.05 V. The results showed that Ru dissolution from FePO4-coated PtRu surface was inevitable due to the direct contact between the PtRu surface and aqueous electrolyte. However, the FePO4 coating layer on PtRu thin-film electrodes effectively retained the dissolved Ru species, thus preventing the dissolved Ru species from diffusing into the electrolyte. Moreover, the retained Ru species within the FePO4-coating layer were redeposited onto the PtRu surface during the cycling in the fresh electrolyte.
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10

Mu, Long Fei, Song Li, and Yun Long Cui. "Effects of Different Ligands Value on the Synthesis of FePO4 Precursor." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.267.

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Анотація:
This FePO4 precursor was synthesized from Fe (NO3)3·9H2O, NH4H2PO4 ,different ligands by liquid precipitation route. Effects of different ligands value on the synthesis of FePO4 precursor were studied. The phrase, structure and morphology of FePO4 were characterized by XRD and SEM . The results showed that the structure and morphology of composite materials are dependence on synthesis process and complexant. After being added with different ligands, FePO4 precursor’s morphologies have significant differences. Iron phosphate can produce the pure phase after calcinations. Keep it under 85°C for three hours after adding the citric acid and ammonium oxalate by liquid phase precipitation.When the concentration is 1.0 mol/L, PH = 1.5 ,we get flaky microspheres which are about 8 um. After being calcinated under 700°C for 2 hours, we get pure iron phosphate finally. The properties of micro ball with high specific surface area and tap density make FePO4 precursor has important applications in many ways.
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11

Yang, Xi, Jun Xi Zhang, Shi Ming Zhang, Li Cheng Yan, Ying Mei, and Gi Geng. "Preparation of Spherical FePO4 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.576.

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Анотація:
The spherical FePO4 was prepared by a novel co-precipitation process followed by spray drying method, using Fe (NO3)3•9H2O, NH4H2PO4, NH3•H2O and polyvinyl alcohol. The pH value plays a pivotal role in determining the morphology of spherical particles; the sample, obtained at pH=3, was found to have the ideal spherical particles and electrochemical property. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the phase transition of FePO4 with calcining temperature, amorphous FePO4 can exhibit better performance than the crystalline phase. Electrochemical behavior of spherical FePO4 was studied by the charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that this process is a promising method to prepare spherical FePO4cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.
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12

Zhang, Wen Kui, Hui Juan Zeng, Yang Xia, Ling Chao Qian, Bin Zhao, Hui Huang, Yong Ping Gan, and Xin Yong Tao. "Controlled Crystallization Synthesis of Porous FePO4·3H2O Micro-Spheres for Fabricating High Performance LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1510.

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Анотація:
Amorphous porous FePO4·3H2O micro-spheres were synthesized via a controlled crystallization method. These micro-spheres have a particle size distribution from 10 to 28 μm. There are larger numbers of pores on the surface of FePO4·3H2O microspheres, which are important to synthesize high performance LiFePO4 cathode materials for the application of lithium ion battery. The electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C electrode, preparing by using the above porous spherical FePO4·3H2O particles, were measured. The electrochemical results show that the obtained LiFePO4/C has a high initial discharge specific capacity of 141.4 mAhg-1 and good cycling performance at 0.5 C. The microstructural and electrochemical analyses indicate that this porous spherical FePO4·3H2O is a fascinating precursor for preparing LiFePO4/C cathode materials.
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13

Xue, Ping, Qingwei Qin, and Guangqiang Li. "Construction of E-pH diagram and experimental study on wet synthesis of FePO4 as the precursor of cathode materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235501013.

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Анотація:
The preparation of FePO4 as a precursor by co-precipitation method is widely used, Due to the lack of the guidance of thermodynamic theory, The prepared FePO4 often contains impurity phase, which leads to unsatisfactory performance of LiFeO4. The E-pH diagram of Fe-P-H2O system at the temperature of 25℃ were drawn through the basic E-pH principle with a number of thermodynamic data. According to the E-pH Diagram, the pH value is approximately 2.5, and the FePO4 with less impurity can be prepared by adding proper oxidant. Base on the above mentioned condition, a simple verification experiment was carried out. The results showed that the prepared iron FePO4 had fewer impurities, which provided a theoretical basis for preparing high-performance LiFeO4.
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14

Tang, Honghui, Yanchao Qiao, Xi Dai, Feng Tan, and Qiang Li. "Preparation of FePO4•2H2O from LiFePo4 mixed with LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 waste material." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 5 (2020): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190916005t.

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Анотація:
A method for preparing battery grade FePO4?2H2O from LiFePO4 and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 mixed waste is proposed. The optimum leaching conditions included: temperature of 50?C, 3:1 liquid?solid mass ratio, 3.6 HCl/FePO4?2H2O mole ratio, 0.75 H2O2/FePO42H2O mole ratio, and 2 h reaction time. The solution obtained from the leaching waste material was diluted to a 1.0 M Fe concentration, then transferred to an 1 L beaker, where temperature, pH, complexing agent, ammonia addition rate and feeding mode were studied in order to determine their effects on the precipitation, particle size and morphology of FePO4?2H2O. High precipitation rate of Fe with low percentages of Al, Ni, Co, Mn in the FePO4?2H2O is achievable when precipitation is performed at a temperature of 85?C, pH of 2.0, and 20 g L-1 complexing agent. Furthermore, it was observed that a slow addition of ammonia and a flow feeding method contributed to the production of FePO4?2H2O, with small particle sizes and a flake morphology.
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15

Prokůpková, P., L. Koudelka, and P. Mošner. "Study of the system FePO4-FeVO4 prepared from the solution." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 13 (July 1996): 3391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360739.

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16

Fan, Jie, Hang Zhang, Jiasong Ye, and Bin Ji. "Chemical stress from Fe salts dosing on biological phosphorus and potassium behavior." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 5 (December 30, 2017): 1222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.644.

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Анотація:
Abstract In simultaneous precipitation, interaction between chemical and biological P removal could not be ignored. This work investigated effects of ferrous sulfate and Fe precipitates on metabolic behavior of bio-P and its counter cation of potassium. After dosing, mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) increased 9%, pH decreased from 7.35 to 7.00, sludge volume index (SVI) decreased, electrical conductivity increased. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3 removal was not affected. Fe dosing initially showed synergistic effect, and then inhibition appeared at accumulative dose above 10 mgFe/gMLSS. Both precipitate FePO4 and Fe(OH)3 deteriorated effluent P. FePO4 dissolved 35% in anaerobic phase which failed to be totally reprecipitated in oxic phase, resulting in increased effluent P. FePO4 inhibited K uptake rather than bio-P uptake. Fe(OH)3 caused reduction of bio-P release, meanwhile, its inhibition on K and bio-P uptake was greater than FePO4. Phosphorus metabolism was inhibited when sludge contained 0.15 mM FePO4 or 0.10 mM Fe(OH)3. Increased K/P molar ratio and coefficient b could be indicators for Fe residual in sludge. Intermittent dosing was suggested for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation.
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17

Zhang, Xiaoxing, Hui Liu, Jin Yang, Li Zhang, Binxia Cao, Libo Liu, and Weimin Gong. "Removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions using iron phosphate-modified pollen microspheres as adsorbents." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0035.

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Анотація:
Abstract Iron phosphate-modified pollen microspheres (pollen@FePO4) were prepared and applied as sorbents for the removal of heavy metals (Cd2+ and Pb2+) from the aqueous solution. Batch sorption studies were conducted to investigate the effects of solution pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, and metal concentration on the adsorption process. The sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions on pollen@FePO4 corresponds to the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, which is similar to the unmodified pollen. At pH 5.92, pollen@FePO4 offers maximum adsorption capacities of 4.623 and 61.35 mg·g−1 for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The faster sorption kinetics and higher adsorption capacities of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions onto pollen@FePO4 than pollen indicates that it might be a promising material for the removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The possible adsorption mechanism involves electrostatic and chemisorption for Cd2+ and mainly complexion for Pb2+.
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18

Ma, Xiao Ling, and You Xiang Zhang. "Effect of the Concentrations of the Reactants on Electrochemical Performance of Composite Cathode Material LiFePO4/C." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.51.

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Анотація:
FePO4·2H2O nanoplates are synthesized by a hydrothermal method, using Fe (III) compound as the iron source and are lithiated to LiFePO4/C by a simple rheological phase mathod. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the FePO4·2H2O nanoplates and LiFePO4/C composites synthesized by changing the concentration of the reactants were characterized in detail by X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope and electrochemical measurement. The LiFePO4/C nanoparticles lithiated from the FePO4·2H2O nanoplates when there were about 10 mmol Fe3+ in 20 ml water solution demonstrates excellent cyclic performance.
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19

Gadgil, M. M., and S. K. Kulshreshtha. "Study of FePO4 Catalyst." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 111, no. 2 (August 1994): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1994.1239.

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20

Boonchom, Banjong, and Chanaiporn Danvirutai. "Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of FePO4·3H2O Precursor To Synthetize Spherical Nanoparticles FePO4." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 26 (December 2007): 9071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie071107z.

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21

Rahmawati, Fitria, Dwi Aman Nur Romadhona, and Syulfi Faiz. "NaFePO4 Cathode Prepared from The Caustic Fusion of A Mix Ilmenite-Hematite Followed by Cyclic Voltammetry for Na Insertion." Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2020.009.02.527.

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Анотація:
Research to prepare NaFePO4 cathode material from iron sand was conducted. The iron sand consists of ilmenite FeTiO3 and hematite Fe2O3. A caustic fusion method used to precipitate iron as Fe(OH)3 and it increased Fe content up to 94.71 %. Phosphate precipitation successfully produced trigonal FePO4 and monoclinic FePO4 comply with ICSD#412736 and ICSD#281079. The prepared-FePO4 was then used as a precursor for Na insertion by applying cyclic voltammetry mode within 2.0 – 4.0 V with 0.05 mVs-1 of the scan rate. It produced orthorhombic olivine NaFePO4 and a secondary phase of orthorhombic Na0.7FePO4. Impedance analysis at 20 Hz – 5 MHz found that the material provided a semicircle at 100 Hz peak point, indicating electrode-bulk interface with a resistance value of 1735W, comparable to the electrical conductivity of 5.36 x 10-6 Scm-1. Even though the conductivity value is quite lower than NaFePO4 prepared from a commercial FePO4 that has been conducted in our previous research, however the electrical conductivity still reliable for cathode.
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22

Gu, Yi Jie, Peng Liu, Yun Bo Chen, Hong Quan Liu, Yan Min Wang, Fei Xiang Hao, Qing Gang Zhang, and Shu Qi Li. "Influence of pH on Electrochemical Performances of Iron Phosphate (FePO4•xH2O) Particles and LiFePO4/C Composites." Advanced Materials Research 643 (January 2013): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.643.100.

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Анотація:
The effect of pH concentrations on the size and morphology of FePO4•xH2O particles synthesized in a hydrothermal reactor was investigated in this work. FePO4•xH2O was prepared through co-precipitation by employing Fe(NO3)3•9H2Oand H3PO4 as raw materials. The LiFePO4 obtained through lithiation of FePO4•xH2O by using glucose as a reducing agent at 700°C. The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 powder synthesized at 700°C were evaluated using coin cells by galvanostatic charge/discharge .The results indicated that the synthesized LiFePO4/C composites (pH=2) showed a superior electrochemical capacity of 146 mAh/g and possessed a capacity favorable cycling maintenance at the 0.1C rate and high electronic conductivity.
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23

Zhang, Shi Ming, Jun Xi Zhang, Bo Cheng He, Suo Jiong Xu, and Xu Ji Yuan. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of Nanoparticle FePO4 and Ce-Doped FePO4 Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries by Microemulsion Method." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.35.

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Анотація:
nanosized FePO4 and Fe1-xCexPO4 (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.08) cathode materials were synthesized by microemulsion method. The samples were prepared via a microemulsion system in a H2O/cyclohexane/Triton x-100/n-butyl alcohol at different temperatures (30 , 45 , 50 , 60 ) and then sintered at 380 and 460 for 3 h. The thermal stability, structure and morphology were investigated by means of TG/DCS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and the electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. Results show that synthesis temperature has a great influence on the performances of FePO4, and the sample synthesized at 45 shows the best performances with a diameter of about 20 nm and a high discharge initial specific capacity of 142mAh/g and retaining 123mAh/g after 20 cycles at 0.1 C. The Ce-doped FePO4, Fe1-xCexPO4 (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.08), can effectively improve the electrochemical properties of FePO4 cathode materials. The Fe0.96Ce0.04PO4 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 158.2mAh/g and retains 152mAh/g after 20 cycles at 0.1 C. Hence, Fe0.96Ce0.04PO4 is a promising candidate for cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.
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24

Park, Yeonju, Soo Kim, Sila Jin, Sung Lee, Isao Noda, and Young Jung. "Investigation of the Phase Transition Mechanism in LiFePO4 Cathode Using In Situ Raman Spectroscopy and 2D Correlation Spectroscopy during Initial Cycle." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020291.

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Анотація:
The phase transition of the LiFePO4 and FePO4 in Li-ion cell during charging-discharging processes in the first and second cycles is elucidated by Raman spectroscopy in real time. In situ Raman spectroscopy showed the sudden phase transition between LiFePO4 and FePO4. Principal component analysis (PCA) results also indicated that the structural changes and electrochemical performance (charge-discharge curve) are correlated with each other. Phase transition between LiFePO4 and FePO4 principally appeared in the second charging process compared with that in the first charging process. 2D correlation spectra provided the phase transition mechanism of LiFePO4 cathode which occurred during the charging-discharging processes in the first and second cycles. PCA and 2D correlation spectroscopy are very helpful methods to understand in situ Raman spectra for the Li-ion battery.
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25

Wang, Wen Qin, Jun Jie Hao, Zhi Meng Guo, and Qing Ye. "A Simple Hydrothermal Process Based on FePO4•2H2O to Synthesize Spherical LiFePO4/C Cathode Material." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1837.

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LiFePO4/C cathode material with particle size of 5~6 μm and tap density of 1.67 g•cm-3 was prepared based on spherical crystal FePO4•2H2O powders. The spherical crystal FePO4•2H2O powders were first prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis via the amorphous FePO4•2H2O solution maintained at 150°C for 12 h without any supplementary equipment. The produced LiFePO4/C powders exhibited the initial discharge capacity of 137 and 118 mAh•g-1 at 0.1 C and 0.5 C, respectively. The volumetric capacity of the spherical LiFePO4/C powders corresponded to 230 and 197 mAh•cm-3, which are remarkably higher than irregularity powders. The high-density spherical LiFePO4/C powders produced by this novel method can be considered as a very promising candidate in the high-power batteries.
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26

Armstrong, RD, and KR Helyar. "Utilization of labeled mineral and organic phosphorus sources by grasses common to semi-arid mulga shrublands." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930271.

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We examined whether the differing growth responses to varying concentrations of soil P by grasses common to the mulga shrublands of south-west Queensland were due to differences in their ability to utilize sparingly soluble sources of P in two glasshouse trials. The uptake of three sparingly soluble sources of mineral P (amorphous FePO4, crystalline FePO4 (strengite), and amorphous AlPO4) was compared with that of a soluble P source, KH2PO4, over 34 days. All P sources were uniformly labelled with 32P. For the four grasses studied (Cenchrus ciliaris, Aristida armata, Digitaria ammophila and Thyridolepis mitchelliana), the addition of strengite produced the lowest yields and plant P content, followed by FePO4, and then AlPO4 and KH2PO4. Recovery of the labelled P by the grasses was in the order: strengite < FePO4 < AlPO4 < KH2PO4. C. ciliaris recovered more of the added strengite, but less FePO4 and AlPO4, than the other grasses. There were no differences in specific activity between the grasses for KH2PO4. Where soil treatments were the same, there was no evidence that these species differed in their ability to utilize sparingly soluble sources of mineral P. The reutilization of P from 32P labelled plant residues by two grasses was examined in a second experiment. The experiment consisted of a factorial combination of two species (D. ammophila and A. armata ) and a control (non-planted pots), two phosphorus systems (low and high P), and four harvests (15, 23, 31, and 39 days). The net release of P from the residues was significantly increased in the presence of plants but was not affected by the species present. D. ammophila and A. armata obtained similar proportions of their P content from the added residues (6.6%).
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27

Purawiardi, R. Ibrahim. "POTENSI RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN FePO4 DARI BAHAN BAKU LOKAL Fe2O3 DI INDONESIA." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i1.3785.

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Riset dan pengembangan baterai lithium mulai banyak dilakukan di Indonesia sejak awal dekade 2000-an. Diantara salah satu material yang dikembangkan adalah bahan aktif katoda LiFePO4,dengan harapan bahwa seluruh bahan baku pembuatan LiFePO4 diperoleh dari sumberdaya lokal. Sumber-sumber bahan baku LiFePO4 sendiri adalah LiOH atau LiOH.H2O atau Li2CO3 atau CH3COOLi sebagai sumber Li, Fe2O3 sebagai sumber Fe, dan H3PO4 sebagai sumber PO43-. Diantara berbagai sumber bahan baku tersebut, Fe2O3 dan H3PO4 dapat diperoleh dari dalam negeri, namun sumber lithium masih harus impor. Oleh sebab itu, produksi LiFePO4 kedepannya tidak dapat 100% menggunakan bahan baku lokal. Namun, terdapat satu cara yang dapat dilakukan agar menggunakan 100% bahan baku lokal, yaitu pengembangan FePO4. FePO4 ini nantinya berpotensi untuk diproduksi dan diekspor sebagai bahan baku pembuatan LiFePO4. Disamping itu, FePO4 juga memiliki nilai tambah lain sebagai bahan pelapis pencegah oksidasi pada permukaan logam. Oleh sebab itu, material ini cukup strategis untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia.
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28

Sumita, Masato, Yoshinori Tanaka, and Takahisa Ohno. "Possible Polymerization of PS4 at a Li3PS4/FePO4 Interface with Reduction of the FePO4 Phase." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 18 (April 28, 2017): 9698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01009.

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29

Yuan, Meimei, Yongjia Li, Keyu Zhang, Yin Li, and Yaochun Yao. "One-step Liquid Phase Synthesis of LiFePO4@C Composite as High Performance Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries." Nano 15, no. 06 (June 2020): 2050080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500800.

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A novel and economical one-step liquid phase route combining the liquid phase reaction with rotary evaporation is successfully adopted to prepare LiFePO4@C composite materials using iron phosphate dihydrate as iron source and phosphorus source. High temperature sintering was used to complete carbonization and control the size of precursor particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all diffraction peaks are consistent of the standard pattern of FePO4 2H2O and orthorhombic LiFePO4. The structural characterization and micro-morphology of FePO4 2H2O and as-prepared LiFePO4@C are performed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The FePO4 2H2O has the morphology of nano-flake particles with good dispersion. After carbon coating, LiFePO4@C composite with mean carbon thickness of about 3[Formula: see text]nm exhibits a high discharge capacity of [Formula: see text] at 0.2[Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text] at 10[Formula: see text]C. This method provides a simple, economic and environmentally friendly way to prepare LiFePO4@C cathode material for lithium-ion battery.
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30

Wang, Yuqing, and Peter M. A. Sherwood. "Iron (III) Phosphate (FePO4) by XPS." Surface Science Spectra 9, no. 1 (December 2002): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/11.20030106.

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31

Zhang, Meiyu, Zhicheng Shi, Jifu Zhang, Kun Zhang, Li Lei, Davoud Dastan, and Bohua Dong. "Greatly enhanced dielectric charge storage capabilities of layered polymer composites incorporated with low loading fractions of ultrathin amorphous iron phosphate nanosheets." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 32 (2021): 10414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01974k.

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32

Aliyat, Fatima Zahra, Mohamed Maldani, Mohammed El Guilli, Laila Nassiri, and Jamal Ibijbijen. "Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from Phosphate Solid Sludge and Their Ability to Solubilize Three Inorganic Phosphate Forms: Calcium, Iron, and Aluminum Phosphates." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050980.

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Biofertilizers are a key component of organic agriculture. Bacterial biofertilizers enhance plant growth through a variety of mechanisms, including soil compound mobilization and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which convert insoluble phosphorus to plant-available forms. This specificity of PSB allows them to be used as biofertilizers in order to increase P availability, which is an immobile element in the soil. The objective of our study is to assess the capacity of PSB strains isolated from phosphate solid sludge to solubilize three forms of inorganic phosphates: tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), and iron phosphate (FePO4), in order to select efficient solubilization strains and use them as biofertilizers in any type of soil, either acidic or calcareous soil. Nine strains were selected and they were evaluated for their ability to dissolve phosphate in the National Botanical Research Institute’s Phosphate (NBRIP) medium with each form of phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, and FePO4) as the sole source of phosphorus. The phosphate solubilizing activity was assessed by the vanadate-molybdate method. All the strains tested showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the ability to solubilize the three different forms of phosphates, with a variation between strains, and all strains solubilized Ca3(PO4)2 more than FePO4 and AlPO4.
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33

Song, Yanning, Shoufeng Yang, Peter Y. Zavalij, and M. Stanley Whittingham. "Temperature-dependent properties of FePO4 cathode materials." Materials Research Bulletin 37, no. 7 (June 2002): 1249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(02)00771-7.

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34

Wu, T., J. Liu, L. Sun, L. Cong, H. Xie, A. Abdel-Ghany, A. Mauger, and C. M. Julien. "V-insertion in Li(Fe,Mn)FePO4." Journal of Power Sources 383 (April 2018): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.086.

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35

Zaghib, K., and C. M. Julien. "Structure and electrochemistry of FePO4·2H2O hydrate." Journal of Power Sources 142, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.09.042.

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36

Okada, Shigeto, Takafumi Yamamoto, Yasunori Okazaki, Jun-ichi Yamaki, Masahiro Tokunaga, and Tetsuaki Nishida. "Cathode properties of amorphous and crystalline FePO4." Journal of Power Sources 146, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.200.

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37

Zhao, Peizheng, Hongbo Liu, Honghe Zheng, Qinghu Tang, and Yuming Guo. "Facile synthesis of FePO4·2H2O submicrometer-discs." Materials Letters 123 (May 2014): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.02.100.

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38

Ebert, D. Yu, A. S. Savel’eva, N. V. Dorofeeva, and O. V. Vodyankina. "FePO4/SiO2 Catalysts for Propylene Glycol Oxidation." Kinetics and Catalysis 58, no. 6 (November 2017): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0023158417060040.

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39

Zhou, Dan, Xuechao Qiu, Feng Liang, Shan Cao, Yaochun Yao, Xiaopeng Huang, Wenhui Ma, Bin Yang, and Yongnian Dai. "Comparison of the effects of FePO4 and FePO4·2H2O as precursors on the electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C." Ceramics International 43, no. 16 (November 2017): 13254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.023.

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40

Zhang, Ying, Lei Zhu, and Jie Fan. "Research on the Impact of Precipitates Produced with Fe2+ as a Coagulant Plays on Water Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4339.

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Fe2+ is widely used as a coagulant to enhance the primary SBR sewage treatment process. Based on SBR system, this paper studies the change trend of phosphate content in various stages by simulating the interaction between sewage and the precipitates produced with Fe2+ in the sediment as a coagulant. The results indicate that excluding the impact of activated sludge, the concentration of PO43+ increases in the end of the anaerobic stage with the increase of FePO4 cumulant in the sediment and there is an equimultiple relationship between the increase of the concentration of PO43+ in the effluent and the FePO4 dosage and that the accumulation of Fe (OH)3 can contribute to the subsequent sustainable phosphorus removal, but the cumulant increase of Fe (OH)3 has no significant influence on the effects of phosphorus removal.
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41

Dasireddy, Venkata D. B. C., Faiza B. Khan, K. Bharuth-Ram, Sooboo Singh, and Holger B. Friedrich. "Non oxidative and oxidative dehydrogenation of n-octane using FePO4: effect of different FePO4 phases on the product selectivity." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 22 (2020): 7591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy01585g.

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42

Behbahani, Kargar, and Masoumeh Sasani. "Facile synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using iron(III) phosphate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 9 (2012): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110727203b.

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A new, convenient and high yielding procedure for the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes in glycerol by electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of FePO4 (5.0 mol%) as a highly stable and reusable catalyst is described.
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43

Zhu, Yong-ming, Ze-wen Ruan, Shen-zhi Tang, and Venkataraman Thangadurai. "Research status in preparation of FePO4: a review." Ionics 20, no. 11 (October 3, 2014): 1501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1241-x.

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44

Murli, Chitra, Surinder M. Sharma, S. K. Kulshreshtha та S. K. Sikka. "High pressure study of phase transitions inα-FePO4". Pramana 49, № 3 (вересень 1997): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875204.

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45

Lethole, N. L., H. R. Chauke, and P. E. Ngoepe. "Thermodynamic stability and pressure dependence of FePO4 polymorphs." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1155 (May 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.009.

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46

Allen, J. L., T. R. Jow, and J. Wolfenstine. "Analysis of the FePO4 to LiFePO4 phase transition." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 12, no. 7-8 (November 16, 2007): 1031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0459-1.

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47

Liu, Haowen. "Synthesis of nanorods FePO4 via a facile route." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2010): 2003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9891-8.

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48

Zhu, Changbao, Katja Weichert, and Joachim Maier. "Electronic Conductivity and Defect Chemistry of Heterosite FePO4." Advanced Functional Materials 21, no. 10 (April 4, 2011): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002059.

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49

Barroso, Cinthya Babá, and Ely Nahas. "Solubilização do fosfato de ferro em meio de cultura." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43, no. 4 (April 2008): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2008000400012.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de solubilização de FePO4 por Aspergillus niger, em meio de cultura com diferentes fontes de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N) e com concentrações crescentes de fosfato. A quantidade de fosfato solúvel, acidez e pH final foram determinados após o crescimento do fungo, em cultura estacionária a 30ºC. A eficiência de solubilização aumentou conforme o crescimento do fungo, atingiu o máximo no 11º dia (68%) e depois regrediu. Das fontes de C e de N testadas, as maiores eficiências de solubilização foram obtidas com manitol (21%) e ácido glutâmico (17%). Com o aumento da concentração de fosfato (0 a 1.330 µg mL-1), a máxima eficiência de solubilização (70%) foi obtida com 330 µg mL-1 de PO4(3-) e decresceu até 47% com 1.330 µg mL-1. A produção de ácidos foi o principal mecanismo de solubilização do FePO4, com base na correlação positiva e significativa entre a produção de fosfato e a acidez.
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50

Renuka Balakrishna, Ananya, Yet-Ming Chiang, and W. Craig Carter. "Modeling Phase Transition in Battery Electrodes Using the Coupled Cahn-Hilliard – Phase Field Crystal Methods." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 32 (April 13, 2018): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/32/1960.

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Phase transitions in electrode materials are typically accompanied by lattice distortions and defect formations. These microscopic configurations affect an electrochemical cycle and influence the physical properties of electrode materials. Here, we explore the coupling between the lattice arrangements and Li-ion composition field in a representative FePO4 electrode particle. We develop and apply a 2D Cahn-Hilliard – phase-field crystal model that couples the Li-composition field with the underlying lattice symmetry of the FePO4 particle to describe phase transitions. We use this coupled model to explore lattice arrangements in uniformly lithiated/de-lithiated electrode particles, and to describe the lattice distortions across a diffuse phase boundary. Next, we model a Cahn-Hilliard type of diffusion for the Li-composition field and compute the accompanying structural evolution of atomic arrangements. In this theoretical study, we track the shape, size and orientation of grains during an electrochemical cycle. Furthermore, we report the electrode particles ability to reduce crystallographic imperfections through grain rotations and grain boundary migrations during an electrochemical cycle.
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