Дисертації з теми "Femmes – Dans l'art – 19e siècle"
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Lavigne, Valérie. "« Féminiflores » : le motif de la femme-fleur dans l'imaginaire décadent." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-05000838.
Повний текст джерелаThe motif of the flower-woman, widespread in literature and the pictorial arts at the end of the nineteenth century, carries specific meaning in the Decadent movement. Through a broad corpus of novels, short stories and poems, centered on Jane de La Vaudère and Félicien Champsaur, as well as paintings, posters and lithographs by various Art nouveau artists like Edmond Rocher and Georges de Feure, this dissertation accounts for the trope's success between 1880 and 1910, and analyzes its symbolic characteristics. In a context marked by blatant misogyny and horticultural enthusiasm, the link between women and flowers encapsulates the obsessions of an era. The flower-woman is one of the many facets of the femme fatale, a figure of the seductive and duplicitous female, both beautiful and dangerous. The thesis not only sheds light on the fecundity of floral images to express the femme fatale, but also shows that they serve to eroticize and aestheticize it, making it both an object of desire and a work of art. The dissertation is organized in three parts: the rooting of the flower-woman motif in Decadent aesthetics, the blossoming of a floral eroticism, and the flourishing of a 1900 icon. The first part identifies and analyzes the characteristic traits of decadent flower-women, considered as paragons of this aesthetic. The second part studies the erotic scope of the association between woman and flower, detailing how the concrete and symbolic aspects of flowers express sex and sexuality. The third part considers the consecration and codification of the motif of the flower-woman, which became emblematic at the beginning of the twentieth century, marking the triumph of its ornamental character over its fatal character. This thesis shows that the flower-woman motif is crucial in the Decadent movement, of which it crystallizes several dimensions, and that the floral images objectify and debase the female gender
Richard-Jamet, Céline Catherine Jeanne. "Les galeries de "femmes fortes" dans les arts en Europe au XVIe et au XVIIe siécles : une étude iconographique comparative." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30061.
Повний текст джерелаOriginating from the Nine Worthies theme, from them they sometimes adopt the distribution, the Strong Women series blossom as early as the 15th century in Italy, then spread to France and the rest of Europe in 16th and 17th century. These series or galleries, constituted by heroines embodying precise virtues, are inspired by feminine qualities as praised by Salomon in "La femme de Caractère", extracted from his book "Proverbes". They are created only after the "hommes illustres" series, as counterparts, and later acquire their own autonomy. These cycles cover diverse functions depending on the country, the time period : in Italy, the first series serve the function of memory, they are commemorative, then they become edifying, through the cassoni who educate young wives ; in France, they allow to legitimate a regent accession to the throne and to support her power, process who was copied by the Dutch, the Florentine and Viennese court. Spain focuses on women from the Bible and fills its churches of cycles sculpted or painted on mirrors, destined to edifying the faithful ; the Belgium series educate the monks ; the Dutch engraved cycles praise women at home, whereas England seems to be apart. Queens, women from the Bible and amazons appear recurrently in series, to the detriment of vestals and saints. The most irreproachable heroines are disgracied, the most barbaric acts are justified
Decoudun-Gallimard, Frédérique. "La vie féminine dans la peinture française au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100015.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation entitled "women's life through the french painting of eighteenth century" develops three essential parts : the pratical life, the private life and the professional life, and leans on contemporaneous pictural works in order to justify its assertions. It treats in its first part of women's diverse society activities, deals with the salon phenomenon, describes through the example of madame de pompadour the place of the theatre and the fine arts in women's universe (painting, pieces of china), and deals then with the theme of pleasures (games, love). In its second part, the private life of these women is related, the relations between the latter with their children during different periods of existence (feeling, raising, marrying) are evocated and the major social which rests of them is brought to the fore. Moreover it evocates the purely selfish activities to which these women give themselves over (wash, moments of oblivion, minor activities), and insists on the importance of the intimate pleasure. Finally, the third and last part is devoted to the theme of labor, where a very clear distinction is made between degrading tasks with which the majority of the female population is concerned (servants, workers) and rewarding and fulfilling occupations that have the artists, the craftswomen or the teachers. It deals lastly with the oldest profession in the world : the prostitution. To conclude, it notices the extreme diversity of women's life at that time, and insists on the very ambivalent position that they hold in the society
Sofio, Séverine. ""L'art ne s'apprend pas aux dépens des moeurs!" Construction du champ de l'art, genre et professionnalisation des artistes (1789-1848)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924488.
Повний текст джерелаPeyraube, Emmanuelle. "L'image de la femme dans les scènes d'intérieur dans la peinture orientaliste du XVIIIème siècle : 1704-1789." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010632.
Повний текст джерелаHuard, Micheline. "Les femmes-affiches de Jules Chéret." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33465.
Повний текст джерелаPetrick, Vicki-Marie. "Le corps de Marie Madeleine dans la peinture italienne du XIIIe siècle à Titien." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0087.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to show the density of meanings that inform the plastic and iconographic choices made by Titian for his Pitti Magdalen, examining it in light of the visual traditions of the Magdalen in Italy. To do this, the dissertation goes back to the visual codes established in the 13th century. This study brings forward the means by wich women's bodies may be bearers of theological meaning, beyond that of sin and temptation. A first part establishes the foundations. One chapter approaches the anthropology of the Christian body, another the construction of the "character" of Mary Magdalen and themes associated with her, a third stuides these first plastic formulations in the mediterranean basin. A second part is consecrated to the cycles that present her Vita : the Florentine pala of 1285, the Assisi Magdalen chapel, and the Magdalen chapels of the Bargello and Santa Croce in Florence. The chapters bring forward the dynamic in wich the spectator relates to the figure as an example of sinful flesh converted. A last part proposes a diachronical analysis, on a large temporal scale, from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries the principal iconographical signs that distinguishe her : the color red, the hair, the tears, the vase and the perfume, all the while giving particular attention to the regional variations between Tuscany and the Veneto. The final chapter converges the results of the first chapters in the analysis of the Titian Magdalen who appears as an end point in the plastic and conceptual research conducted since 1270
Moulin, Aurélia. "Le bijou au XIXe siècle dans le périodique de mode : 1820-1870." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040104.
Повний текст джерелаMost studies regarding 19th-century jewellery favour the study of its stylistic and formal aspects. As for its uses, they are most often eluded and the rare social and societal considerations, when they are tackled, remain anecdotal. Yet, jewellery plays a determining social role, especially in the expression of wealth but also in the process of identification and of belonging to a group. For this, fashion periodicals constitute a most precious support for study. They tell us about the very codified use women from the elite made of their jewellery, and implicitly of the place and role that was assigned to them in 19th century society. The fashion periodical is also a very interesting source to contextualise the jewel creation, which thus becomes a mirror of events. Jewellery appears as a reflection of various influences, all at once from the technical point of view, the choice of materials, the chosen style, the form or the symbolism of the worked designs. Through the descriptions of jewellery contained in fashion chronicles and engravings that accompany them, we shall retrace a history of forms by categorising the great trends recurring between 1820 and 1870 before dealing with those characterising one particular era. We shall also use advertisement notices in order to examine the relationships linking the different actors that participate in the making and marketing of jewellery with the fashion phenomena
Drisdelle, Julie Lynne. "Female Self-Portraiture and the Construction of the Self." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23669/23669.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBeaudet, Pascale. "L'effet Judith : stéréotypes de la féminité et regard de la spectatrice sur les tableaux d'Artemisia Gentileschi." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20038.
Повний текст джерелаArtemisia Gentileschi is one of those women artists who nearly disappeared from art history. It is the sex-gender system subTending the field that is responsible for this near disappearance, not a change in taste or a destruction of the archives. The canon, being part and parcel of the phallocentric system, systematically puts aside women artists. Gentileschi's case is typical and is representative of the fate that befell all other women artists in the 19th and 20th centuries. The world will have to wait until the second half of the 20th for art historians -especially feminist ones- to rediscover women artists. Two works representing Judith and Holofernes, which played a pivotal role in understanding this artist, are paradigmatic because they evoked extreme reactions, ranging from admiration to rejection. Gentileschi handled this baroque theme -the decapitation of a wan by a woman- in a paroxysmal manner. These works are the locii where a reflection on the critical corpus and the place of the female spectator meet. And what if shadow, which plays such a great role in Gentileschi's works, were a metaphor for women? Analyse de discours, psychoanalysis and image semiotics form the theoretical basis of this thesis which calls for a profound modification of the canon
Bril, Damien. "Anne d’Autriche en ses images : légitimation du pouvoir féminin et culture visuelle de la majesté dans la France du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH038.
Повний текст джерелаAnne of Austria offers an important part, yet neglected, in the the development of royal iconography in seventeenth century France. Devoided from management of power under the reign of her husband Louis XIII, she is however the subject of many representations. The number of her images increases when she accedes to the responsibilities of the government at the death of the king, in 1643, becoming regent in the name of her minor son, Louis XIV. Beyond its majority in 1651, she maintains herself at a prominent place, until the death of Mazarin in 1661. During these two decades, a deep political crisis in France culminates in the so-called Fronde. In this context, the image of Anne of Austria becomes the instrument of a visual narrative on monarchical authority and for the defense of the royal power. Crossing a large corpus of representations of the regent with textual sources, this thesis analyzes the visual construction of this narrative, and its effects on the evolution of the image of power in France after the reign of Louis XIII. In contemporary legal and symbolic literature, "majesty" is presented as he essential quality of the sovereign and the mark of his identity. It must then be visually translated in a female incarnation, despite the fundamental laws, in particular the Salic law, which however exclude women from power. The abundance of the images collected for this thesis, nearly five hundred items, offers an essential source to understand how the queen was able to overcome this constraint and contribute, by renewing its models, to the representation of the monarchical authority. This thesis allows us to reconsider the relationship between women and power. To analyze these different issues, the thesis is organized in four parts. The first part attempts to understand the image of the reigning queen, analyzing in a first chapter the legal definition of the queen, to show how the legal order determines the symbolic one. One can thus understand how the marriage of the queen in 1615 and her arrival at the court can be apprehended as an "iconographic birth". The second chapter explores the different features of this portrait of the queen, showing that it is at the same time a revelation of personal characteristics of the queen and a reaction to the queen's political and civil situation. The second part raises the question of the means implemented to operate the transformation of this image, which allows the queen to appear as regent of the kingdom. The third chapter analyzes in particular the chronological stages of this transformation, while the fourth chapter studies, from a practical point of view, the "fabrication" of this image. The third part then considers the content of the images, drawing up a three-step analysis of its iconography. The fifth chapter addresses the body of the queen as a support for the moral dimensions of her portrait. The sixth chapter deepens this question in the religious perspective, studying how the regent manages to produce the image of a queen "très chrétienne". The seventh chapter concludes this iconographic analysis by studying the political dimension of Anne of Austria's image. The fourth and last part gives finally an analysis of the way these images "operate". The eighth chapter shows how the situation of the queen's representations in decor is decisive for their interpretation, considering the cases of the royal residences and the private interiors. Finally, the ninth chapter proposes a study of the performance of images, extending the analysis to the public uses of representations of the queen, in monuments or during ceremonies
Ben, Sdira Khaled. "L'art de la modération chez Marmontel : le conflit et ses modes de conjuration dans les "Mémoires" et les "Contes moraux"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20007.
Повний текст джерелаDurieux, Catherine. "Femmes et genre dans les utopies britanniques et américaines du XIXe sècle." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030096.
Повний текст джерелаHow did utopians who purported to look sympathetically at the « Woman’s Question » construct gender in their utopias ? Did the women utopians do it differently from the male writers ? What has changed and what has remained the same in the « chain of utopias » throughout the long period under consideration ? Equality would seem to have been the basis of early-XIXth century utopias written by Robert Owen and Owenites such as William Thompson and Anna Wheeler. By contrast, mid-XIXth century Fourierites – Fourier and his American disciples Albert Brisbane, Marie Howland and Jane Appleton – seem to have been preeminently taken with the idea of liberty. American Fourierism both carried on Owen’s tradition of « material feminism » and fed « Free Love feminism ». In the late XIXth century, Edward Bellamy and William Morris – though they reacted against each other on a range of other issues – both based their utopias on the assuption that women were morally superior beings and as such should be confined to their own separate sphere where they could exercise their benevolent influence. At the turn of the century, Charlotte Perkins Gilman provided a synthesis of previous lines of thought and opened the way for some of the issues that defined the XXth century
Lecerf, Guy. "Le coloris dans l'art des jardins : théories en France et en Angleterre, 1820-1930." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010644.
Повний текст джерелаAbsalon, Patrick. "La Légende d'Oedipe dans l'art en France au XIXe siècle." Strasbourg 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20051.
Повний текст джерелаAivalioti, Maria. "Le motif de l’ange dans la peinture symboliste européenne." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100208.
Повний текст джерелаIn 1886, Jean Moréas gave to the symbolist movement its official identity. Symbolism became one of main movements which came over the borders of its birth country and it was embraced by artists coming from different countries. The symbolist artists didn’t invent new themes, but they elaborated the existent ones under their own prism. The religious subjects occupied a considerable role in their production. Furthermore they abandoned their religious aspect in order to express artist’s thoughts. Messengers, executors, jurists or protectors, often disqualified from their name, the angels, reappeared in the middle of XIX century and until the first decades of XX, established their place in the society which was searching for refuges. The present study, analysing the image of the angel, which is a recurrent motif in symbolist painters work, is going to present, via a typological and iconographical interpretation, the rapports, concerning the style and the thematic, among the European artists who were influenced by the symbolist movement in order to prove that the angel, because of its nature and its role, has become a iconographical emblem for the symbolist painters
Legeay, Mathilde. "Les représentations de la servante dans la peinture italienne et française du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2038.
Повний текст джерелаIf maidservants are generally relegated as secondary characters in everyday life and in the painting, they can assume symbolical and allegorical functions: they offer us a lot of elements about xv11th century society. This thesis aims to analyse these representations through a large corpus of paintings created between 1561 and the beginning of the xv111th century
Sowley, Katherine Ilsley. "La Tenture de la Dame à la licorne : la figure féminine au service de l'image masculine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG045/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe 'Lady and the Unicorn' tapestries are most often interpreted as an allegory of the physical senses, but their iconography is remarkable for its integration of armorial elements. Each composition is organized like a heraldic emblem, such that the main figures replace the coat-of-arms in its position and its function. Though this work is frequently identified as a monument to the patron’s socio-professional success, no effort has been made to understand how the scenes contribute to his personal representation. The lack of interest for the decidedly female character of this iconographic programme is another weakness in previous studies of these tapestries. This doctoral dissertation proposes to examine the 'Lady and the Unicorn' and its representative function by analysing the cultural, literary and iconographic traditions, as well as the socio-historic realities, that shape the image of social excellence the patron constructs in order to represent himself and his family
Gomez, Sandrine. "L'adultère féminin dans le roman au dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082135.
Повний текст джерелаNovelists like Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, George Sand, Stendhal. Have got put on light thid epoch by the adoulterous theme. As well, we took the census eight same notions of four romanics of mentioned authors : Le Lys dans la vallée, Madame Bovary, Indiana, Le Rouge et le Noir : the heroin as well as enclosed accepted in specific social class and in the social institution of mariage, the scripture of conjugal life, the provincial universe, the boredom, the religion ; the adoulterous and it's works and the death who's conclude these paper existences. The authors are they tempted with the choice of the adoulterous theme to consider this violation of conjugal faith as an female emancipation form ? But, for which result ?
Soulillou, Jacques. "La représentation du crime dans l'art aux 19ème et 20ème siècles." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010631.
Повний текст джерелаAicardi-Chevé, Dominique. "Les corps de la contagion : étude anthropologique des représentations iconographiques de la peste (XVIème-XXème siècles en Europe)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20688.
Повний текст джерелаKang, Hui-an. "La représentation de la pauvreté dans la peinture française du XIXe siècle (1830-1900)." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30020.
Повний текст джерелаNever painting has so much been worried about poverty than during the xixth century. Not without reason since the latter is a fundamental phenomenon of the time. To the sociologists, philosophers and writers who have all thought carefully, one time or another, about the problem of poverty, we can add various painters. They have had no hesitation to paint and unveil the human beings in the most horrible situations: blind beggars, homeless families, little flower-sellers, workers in dispair commiting suicide. . . But also the acts of charity, individual and institutional. Neverthelesse, their different look leads to a complex mode of expression. Actually, the xixth century painting have an eclectic vision which mixes all genres and all styles. In the whole, all these painting come within the scope of a production marked by the opposition between idealism and realism. This double path is the esthetical axis of the representation of poverty during the xixth century
Tillier, Annick. "Les femmes, l'infanticide et le contrôle social dans les campagnes de la France armoricaine, 1825-1865 : essai d'anthropologie historique." Paris 1, 2000. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17449.
Повний текст джерелаVerjus, Anne. "Les femmes, épouses et mères de citoyens ou de la famille domme catégorie politique dans la construction de la citoyenneté : 1789-1848." Paris, EHESS, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003786v2.
Повний текст джерелаWhen seeking to place women in a political context in the first half of the 19th century, the reply appears self-evident : denied the right to vote, they are excluded from the revolutionary, universal and individual citizenship as defined from 1789 onwards. The fact of their exclusion, an objective truth, does not take into account their political situation as viewed during this period (from 1789 to 1848). Few historians or sociologists have considered the manner in which the electoral "cens" (taxpaying status conferring voting rights) of electors was calculated : it is presumed to be on an individual basis, that is on the basis of the sole property of the citizen in question. Since, not only does the citizen if he is married, pay the contributions in the name of the common household, but he can also, according to the laws passed from x to 1831 inclusive, include the contributions of other members of the family even if they are male and of legal age. The fact that during this period, the family was considered as a political unit brings us to reconsider people's situation, which cannot be grasped through a singular approach in terms of "voters" and "non-voters". It is as members of the family that women remain outside political participation. It is as "pater familias" that the citizen is vested with the individual right to vote in the name of the entire nation. Only by working on the implicit categories of political construction does a "famialistic" concept of suffrage emerge, a characteristic of the entire revolutionary period (1789-1848). It is therefore beyond the resolution of the so called "problem" of the exclusion of women, that we also find our current modified concept of the revolutionary political individual to be further evolved than once thought
Nayrolles, Jean. "Roman et néo-roman : de l'invention du passé dans la culture archéologique et dans l'art du XIXe siecle français." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20054.
Повний текст джерелаGrandordy, Béatrice. "Charles Darwin et l'évolution dans les arts plastiques, 1859-1914." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4025.
Повний текст джерелаOn the Origin of Species by means of natural selection (1859) by Charles Darwin (1809-1882), introduced evolution, endless time and history in species destiny, seaked wonder in reality, and first inspired realistic, then prehistoric, adventure and finally science-fiction novel. Evolution was scientifically illustrated by Haeckel, Kupka, Brehm and Gosse. It boosted in France prehistoric anthropology ; ancestors and missing links were accurately represented among archaeological findings. It enabled Degas and Cormon to deal with body fluidity, and Duranty identified it in human artefacts since the most ancient antiquity. Odilon Redon, followed by Jean Carriès, shifted, with false ingenuity, the animalia observed by Darwin into an imaginary bestiary. Germany assimilated darwinism with Goethe and romanticism, and focused on myths anthropology ; Klinger illustrated human and animal struggle for life. Soon, the realistic vein in paintings and sculpture vanished; disenchantment settled in Europe, expressed by symbolism in painting and in Art Nouveau. Evolution (which does not necessarily lead to progress and certainly never to perfection) merges into then. In evolution, Böcklin, Moreau, as well as Viennese Secession, contemplate kindred beings and non-teleological vital energy. John Ruskin’s taste, ideal of beauty and moral sense, explode in front of evolutionnary « physiological aesthetics » according to Grant Allen. As to the architects, evolution was a pre-requisite, which accompanied functionalism. Debate on evolution as a ‘new cultural fact’ versus ‘a counter-culture’ was present along the whole second half of XIXth century. Science had, since long, accepted it
Auger-Sergent, Anne-Sophie. "Les graffiti marins de Normandie (13e siècle- 19e siècle)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010544.
Повний текст джерелаNormandy is extremely rich in ship graffiti, but we haven't any regional and synthetical studies about these iconographic sources. The inventory of Normand graffiti allows to have a corpus of some 500 documents dated from 13th to 19th centuries. The documents present essentialy ships, but also elements of ship (anchor, flag, rigging, head) or elements of navigation (sea-mark), animals (fisch, sea-bird), and maritime inscriptions. Their major value ist that graffiti give representations of boats of merchant navy and fisching navy, on which we haven't any iconographic source before the 18th century, and contribute to the repacement of naval iconographic material. The geographic repartition of ship graffiti follows the maritime and fluvial zones. They are omnipresent on the soft calcareous and plaster of the churchs, castles and traditionnal houses. In spite of their value for ship archaeology, graffiti pose a problem and particulary for determination and dating. The use of sails as leading thread allows at the same time a classification of ships graffiti, their typing according iconographic comparaisons, and their datation. Normand graffiti present merchant and coast ships. Barges are rare
Rabaté, Colette. "La femme espagnole et le mariage dans les écrits du milieu du XIXe siècle (1833-1863)." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030101.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the image of the marriage and of the woman offered by the literature of the middle of the nineteenth century. In a first time, the analysis of the preparation of the girls for the marriage is linked to the image given by this institution, very debated since the previous century. This study permites to specify the role of the parents and to define the feminine education. The type of the ideal fiancee proposed by the literature helps us to precize the dobble sexual moral established from the middle of the century. The analysis of the impact of the literary movement about the image of the woman and of the marriage shows us the limited influence of romantism and the conformity of the first "realistic" novel. In a second time, the analysis of the marriage and of the role of the woman, displays the genesis of the myth of "the angel of the family", in the middle of the nineteenth century, under the influence of the church and of the ideology of the middle-class. The woman, enclosed in her domestic role as a wife and a mother, gains a social mission and a redemptive role, linked to a sacred vision of the family and the marriage. The leetingness of the feminist desire expresed by a generation of women writers in the fourteenth's, conweys the domination of the traditionalist ideology of the middle-class. In brief, from the second part of the century, the woman is relegated to the private life, and this event constitutes a retreat in relation to the enlightenment
Foucher, Charlotte. "Un symbolisme enfoui : les femmes artistes dans les milieux symbolistes en France au passage du siècle (XIXe-XXe)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010707.
Повний текст джерелаPécastaing-Boissière, Muriel. "La place de l'actrice dans la société victorienne (1831-1908)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040134.
Повний текст джерелаThe situation of Victorian actresses within their society is very original, especially as women. Indeed, their work enables them to be economically independent, contrary to most Victorian women. Furthermore, the actresses who manage theatres can even command their male colleagues. Nevertheless, the rest of Victorian society is very suspicious of actresses, because, like prostitutes, these performers use their bodies and their emotions to earn their living. Under the influence of the evangelical revival and of the non-conformists, who violently reject actresses, most members of the middle and upper classes shun theatres, whereas the working classes find their favorite entertainment there. However, from the mid-1860s onwards, actresses become aware of the importance of their image and of that of the theatre in general when it comes to their careers. An increasing proportion of actresses come from the middle and upper classes then, and they are even more wary of their status than their colleagues who are mostly born in the profession. Under these newcomers' influence, actresses from the top of the professional hierarchy try to attract the middle and upper classes back to the theatre, and they strive to be considered as respectable women. The consequence of this movement is growing conformism, often detrimental to dramatic art. However, this enables actresses from the top of the profession to be largely accepted by society, especially from the 1880s onwards, when their salaries spectacularly increase
Buyssens, Danielle. "La question de l'art à Genève, du cosmopolitisme des Lumières au Romantisme des nationalités." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0064.
Повний текст джерелаFounded in the first decades of the nineteenth century, Genevan history of art traditionally postulates that the exercise and reception of art in Geneva long suffered from Calvinist disgrace, and were condemned to an exile outside a society inimical to good taste and hostile to luxury. The same "myth" equates the overcoming of these prohibitions with the blossoming of a national art excepted to express the quality of the Genevan society of the Restoration period. Based on the critical analysis of documents freshly combined as well as on comparisons with the situation of the arts in France, this study puts into focus a far different reality of practices in the context of European Enlightenment, of its crumbling and the birth of Romantic nationalities. At the same time, it examinates the conditions and motivations of the construction of a historical discourse profoundly marked by the circumstances of its enunciation
Pouget-Brunereau, Jeanne. "Critique littéraire et dramatique dans la presse féminine française : 1800-1830 : reflets et permanence." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080748.
Повний текст джерелаIn the beginning of the 19th century, with the development of the press, literary and drama criticism was taking on ever greater importance in france. But censorship was becoming overbearing and critics had to adapt. Regulated by the civil code, the universe of women maintened a low profile; in order to survive, french press for women was forced to conform to the times. Literary criticism and women's press, subjected to a political and cultural context, opted for one of two tactics: either they submitted to and supported the ideologies of the day or they rebelled and in so doing, threatened their very existence. Could these observations offer an explanation for the strange blackout that seems to enshroud women's press which in turn affected literary and drama criticism over the first 30 years of the 19th century?
Băluţă, Ionela. "Du "harem" au "forum" : réflexion sur la construction d'une nouvelle identité féminine dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle roumain." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0062.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation examines the building of a new identity of Romanian women that belonged to the "upper" society during the period of nation-building and modernization according to the Western model. The methodological approach combines political sociology and historical sociology. Moreover, the specificity of the object of study requires both an interdisciplinary approach and the multiplication of methods and sources of analysis. The utilization of the concept of gender requires analyses at several levels : ideology, norms, and subjective responses, two key-elements of the new social philosophy, vital for the re-composition of social identities and generators of new hierarchical axes : the re-instauration of the social order and the strive for national unifiction. These two processes became the leading sources for elaborating the ideal model of the bourgeoisie : respectability and notherhood structure attitudes, define morality and the legitimate configuration of the body
Fartas, Nadia. "Modernité et simplicité : l'art de la nuance. Littérature et arts visuels en France dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0162.
Повний текст джерелаThe peculiarity of modernity is to integrate criticism in its foundations and to allow questions as well as knowledge development. Therefore, modernity cannot be dissociated from movement and change. Thus, it implies a new kind of social, political and cultural relationship beween the singular and the collective, the particular and the universal, a complexity which XlXth literature managed to testify. However, it is noteworhy that the notion of simplicity is at the centre of the preoccupations of founder authors of artistic and literary modernity. In Flaubert's works dealing with modernity, Baudelaire's written works on arts and in urban views, either literary, pictorial or architectural ones, for instance Monet's series of The Rouen Cathedral, the simplicity forms and meanings which are associated to them make it possible to put the forms of change in a conspicuous position in order to make up an aesthetics of modernity based on shade instead of on binarism or dogmatism. If simplicity refers to what cannot be broken down, the main features of shade are, indeed, grade differences which can hardly be detected. The art of shade which originates in a modern revaluation of simplicity holds together the defence of the beautiful, the singularity of the work of art, the attention to reality, knowledge and new temporalities in order to thwart aesthetization, in other words a conception of the beautiful that covers the features of modernity. Thus, shade shows a new relationship between the visual and the verbal, the text and the image, which brings up to date the knotting between poetics, aesthetics and politics at the heart of modernity
De, Laguerenne Lise. "Métiers de femmes : des occupations féminines dans la Comédie humaine : créations et arts d'agrément." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040128.
Повний текст джерелаBouche, Christine. "Le sculptural, le primitivisme et la femme dans l'art de Giacometti." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010608.
Повний текст джерелаIn his monograph, Yves Bonnefoy has indicated the ethical stake of giacometti's art : preserve by creation the living presence of others, perceptible in the humanity of the face. The humanity of the artist's view shows in his representation of the woman in his art. The stake of his work was to temper his hatred of femininity
Loustalot, Bernard. "Desgenettes : 1762-1837 : un homme de réseau dans la transformation de l'art de guérir." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0041.
Повний текст джерелаRené Nicolas Dufriche des Genettes, known as Desgenettes, is a doctor who lived between two centuries. He had been through a tumultuous period, both on the political levels and on the military issues. Thus, he had the opportunity to meet several historic characters: Benjamin Franklin, Madam Rolland. . . And above ail Napoléon Bonaparte. Familiar with the salons of the period, he had been a witness of the transformation of the French society more than the political events, and as chief doctor of Bonaparte army's then Napoléon, he followed several campaign of the great gênerai of the time. His career survived to the Empire, tormented by the political vicissitudes. Historical character himself, he first of ail played a rôle in the military medicine in Egypt and in the Great Army after 1807. Two "prowess" are generally at his crédit: his inoculation of the plague, and his opposition to Bonaparte about the poisoning of the sick people of Jaffa. On a routine basis, he had managed health service that had to be adapted on the daily movement and the situation of an army more and more numerous and uncoordinated, often in foreign territories and with frequent and deadly epidemics. Nevertheless, Desgenettes had also had a significant civil activity, first a scientific activity with some publications about the absorbing system (lymphatic), about education (anatomy defence), spreading of knowledge by taking part of the edition of several revues, second, as a Professor of Hygiene at the school subsequently university of medicine of Paris. Besides, it is as mayor of the 10th district of Paris and Professor of Hygiene that he will faced in 1832 the first modern plague epidemic: the cholera-morbus. Born in a family part of the bourgeoisie that pretended to be aristocratic, Desgenettes is a remarkable image of this ambitious people that embraced the Enlightenment ideas (intellectual cosmopolitanism, operative freemasonry), and managed to get through the revolutionary turmoil to compose the Napoleonic meritocracy. Very cultivated but sceptical about religious, medical (friend of Broussais but fighting his doctrines) or politic (loyal but not docile to the Emperor), his strong character and his independent spirit (opposition to Bonaparte and resignation of the Academy of Medicine) ostracised him
Frangne, Pierre-Henry. "Le statut de la négation dans l'art symboliste français : les modèles philosophiques du symbolisme." Lille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL30017.
Повний текст джерелаSchvalberg, Sophie. "Des marbres d'Elgin à la Dame d'Auxerre : le modèle grec en débat dans l'art français au XIXe siècle (1815-1908)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100185.
Повний текст джерелаThe Greek model in 19th century French Art bears a slow mutation, from the neoclassical doctrine still alive in 1815 at the fall of Napoleon Ist until the new classicism at the turn of the 20th century. In this evolution of artistic standards and education, which painters and sculptors tend to reshape, archaeology takes a central role. With the Elgin affair about the Parthenon marbles, with the debate on classical polychromy, until the integration of archaic and cycladic greek artworks in museums, it is possible to assess the strength and the crisis of the classical idealistic model and the simultaneous rise of an archaic model, both in painting and in sculpture. At the three levels that interfere here (scientific knowledge, artistic creation and art theory), some figures embody various stances of the academic establishment and its reappraisal : Quatremère de Quincy, David d'Angers, Ingres, Hittorff, Papety, Daumier, Beulé, Schliemann, Rodin, Bourdelle
Lecanu, Anne. "L'image du Christ dans la peinture russe au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe siècle." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040047.
Повний текст джерелаThe figure of the Christ in the russian painting of the XIXth painting and the first half of the XXth centuries becomes clear in the limits of the historian painting. Besides, iconographic bases ought to be changed into relation with the theoretic and formal changes which appeared during this period. The pictures of the Christ had to embody antagonist ideological stakes, which opposed autocratic power and members of the russian intelligentsia, confering metaphorical nature and divergent interpretations to pictures dedicated to the Christ
Riot-Sarcey, Michèle. "Parcours de femmes dans l'apprentissage de la démocratie : Désirée Gay, Jeanne Deroin, Eugénie Niboyet, 1830-1870." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010609.
Повний текст джерелаTorcinaro, Emanuela. "Le personnage "lecteur" dans le roman et les arts picturaux du XIXè siècle européen." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO2012.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to show the way how the European nineteenth century novel could be able to represent the social and cultural changes of a time both through its characters and the comparison between the images depicted in the novels and those ones portrayed by the painters. Therefore, the thematic continuity and the mutual influence between the two arts will be demonstrated. This inter artes research is the result of a thematic type study whose constant is the "character as a reader", who makes his appearance in literature when reading becomes relevant as a social practice as well. The interest here is focused on the character who uses to read as a passion, who plunges himself into the text, and completely abandoning himself to it almost to be likely to get lost. The "character as a reader" is there in many literary masterpieces, and only with a careful and accurate study among the classics of Italian, French, Russian and English literature it has been possible to make a selection and have a homogeneous corpus. Even though in the 800s is the usually less considered figure of the woman reader as the love novelette consumer who stands out, and girls are seen having their heads full of silliness by those kind of novels -instead of reading the Bible and the Sacred Texts - it will eventually emerge the real meaning of their readings : not only women read because of their love for culture, but also to learn, to know, in spite of the role the 800s society has relegated them to. It is considerable the predominant presence of women in the act of reading in paintings, as well. All in all, through a continuous comparison between the novel and the pictorial work and a deep socio-historical analysis of the period, the written and painted image of the reader has been demonstrated as prevailing in the European eighteenth century
Bouvard, Émilie. "Violence de l'art des femmes, 1958-1978 : surréalisme, psychanalyse et féminisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H039.
Повний текст джерелаOur research deals with a group of works produced by women artists between 1960 and the first half of the 1970s. These pieces constitute the impressive apparition of women in art, though they are still largely marginalized. The first part of our study shows that, whereas the 1950s were a time for abstract practices still relatively open to women, in the 1960s their position as artists become more difficult and they Jack more visibility in the context of the succession of new "avant-garde" movements and the expansion of the market. The second part deals with the issue of "affect" et of the use they make of it, and of psychoanalysis, in a challenging spirit with surrealism. The third part focused on anarchy, anti-psychiatry, the figure do the "fool" and Antonin Artaud in the context of happenings and body art. The last part enounces a paradox: feminist art is non-violent; the most aggressive practices are by isolated women or transfered I para-artistic actions. Showing the persistence of "warm" trends within "cool" "avant-garde" movements, this study advocates for a move in the characterization of the great art movements of the 1960s and the 1970s. Artistes: Louise Bourgeois, Niki de Saint-Phalle, Nancy Spero, Eva Hesse, Yayoi Kusama, Alina Szapocznikow, Annette Messager, VALIE EXPORT, Marina Abramovic, Gina Pane, ORLAN, Ana Mendieta, …
Villanueva-Puig, Marie-Christine. "Maïnadès : recherches sur la genèse du thiase féminin de Dionysos : des origines à la fin de la période archaïque (du second quart du VIe siècle à 480) : essai d'iconographie relgieuse." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010645.
Повний текст джерелаMoulinat, Francis. "Théophile Gautier, critique d'art, dans les années 1830." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040243.
Повний текст джерелаGautier's art criticism followed the same evolution as his literary thinking. It praised romanticism before standing aloof from it. But, between 1836 and 1838, he transferred to art criticism the priesthood every writer is supposed to fulfill within society. He defended the artist's sovereignty; he introduced romanticism in journalism, and the practiced the criticism of beauties through descriptions: in fact, he had invented the artist criticism. Gautier considered that Paris and Munich were the two studios where the future was taking shape, that is was however in Paris that Ingres, through drawing, and Delacroix, through colors, had reformed painting and trained those who would later make up the synthesis of their art. Gautier also noticed, from 1837 on, the decline of the pictorial romanticism and the growing influence of drawing and style. This binary system was applied in landscape, but not in sculpture which is a principally antique art, meant to show only beauty. In Gautier’s aesthetics, the superior artist would shelter both a microcosm and an ideal, contrary to the naturist who copies nature. His mission was to express his own vision of the beauty, and Gautier widespread this mission to the whole life. By designing objects, the artist would regain his lost priesthood, educate society and lead to a new renaissance. By developing such an utopy, by divinizing art which had become the supreme value and a refuge to forget reality, Gautier expressed an aesthetics which was at the same time romantic, as it awarded a major position to the artist, eclectic, since it accepted color and drawing, and innovative, for it would foreshadow many trends of the second half of the century
Primi, Alice. ""Être fille de son siècle" : l’engagement politique des femmes dans l’espace public en France et en Allemagne de 1848 à 1870." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/117812757#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThe period which begins with the « Spring of Nations » and ends with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 is characterized by a number of profound transformations within French and German society. An increasing proportion of the population intends to contribute directly to the definition of “progress” and takes action to effect social change through revolution, representational voting, associations… Despite the diverse obstacles facing them, some women do participate in public debates. They wish to assert their modernity and their ability to act in a free and autonomous manner for the common good and in the sense of “progress”. They are thus in contradiction with the “feminine” identity which is assigned to them, and which is mandatory to their social recognition. Furthermore German women who want to contribute to the building of their nation must affect a gendered national identity, which adds to the heavy constraints already imposed on them. This confrontational situation brings these politicised women to criticise ideas of their contemporaries – liberals, democrats, socialists – who intend to continue along the route of “progress” without them. The relations of power brought to light by the interaction of these women with their male counterparts emphasise the limitations of the social and political restructuring projects whose unspoken objective is not to weaken the social order based on the patriarchal family
Valance, Hélène. "Au filtre de la nuit : le nocturne dans l'art américain, 1890-1917." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070069.
Повний текст джерелаWhile most of the literature about nocturnes has stressed their melancholy qualities, my project is to explain the attraction fin-de-siècle Americans felt for them by looking at their historical context, notably that of the development of electric lighting. Beyond the immediate context of electricity, however, I want to show that night acted as a powerful metaphor in the culture of the time. From the dark continent of imperialism to that of the unconscious, the metaphorical uses of night were pervasive. My dissertation relies on a wide range of examples of nocturne imagery, from popular visual culture to the fine arts, and explores the visual dimension of this metaphor. It examines how night served to address the threatening but also thrilling aspects of the new environment Americans were discovering at the turn of the 20th century
Chalikia, Martha. "Corps, art et société : l'identité féminine dans l'art contemporain russe avant et après la chute du mur de Berlin et ses répercussions dans les autres pays orthodoxes de l'Europe de l'Est." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010704.
Повний текст джерелаBellot, Michel. "Esthétique des figures impossibles et ambiguës." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010647.
Повний текст джерелаChristófoglou, Mártha-'Ellī. ""Avant-gardes" et politisation dans l'art néohellénique (1965-1975)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010508.
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