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1
Atkinson, Paul, and Sara Delamont. "Professions and Powerlessness: Female Marginality in the Learned Occupations." Sociological Review 38, no. 1 (February 1990): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1990.tb00848.x.
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2
Obuse. "Living Compound Marginality: Experiences of a Japanese Muslim Woman." Religions 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10070434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present article discusses the ways in which ethnic Japanese Muslim women are perceived and treated in contemporary Japanese society, through a case study of one Japanese female convert. It examines the complexity found in her experiences of marginality by highlighting three inter-related modes of marginalization: marginality deriving from being a Muslim, from being a Japanese Muslim and from being a woman. It discusses her responses to these discourses of marginalization and how she establishes her identity as a Muslim, through responding to them. The article first shows that ethnic Japanese Muslims suffer ‘inverted marginality’—marginalization due to belonging to the ethno-cultural majority. It then demonstrates their experience of ‘double marginality’, marginalization by the wider Japanese society and foreign-born Muslims alike. It argues that their experience of double marginality has partly resulted from the absence of a self-sufficient ethnic community of Japanese Muslims. Ethnic Japanese Muslim women experience further marginalization when they become targets for criticism of Islam, such as that Islam is a religion of female subjugation—a notion of gender orientalism that deprives these women of their agency. However, the process of responding to these challenges of marginality helps ethnic Japanese Muslim women consolidate their identity as Muslims.
3
Sobočan, Ana Marija. "Female Same-Sex Families in the Dialectics of Marginality and Conformity." Journal of Lesbian Studies 15, no. 3 (July 2011): 384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2011.530157.
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Jadoon, Aisha, Umaima Kamran, and Mehwish Sarfraz. "Western Memoir of Marginality: A Feminist Analysis of Educated (2018) by Tara Westover." I V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-i).05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rethinking the gendered experiences of a Western female narrated in the memoir Educated (2018), this paper points out the contradictions between the theory and practice of gender equality in the West. De Beauvoir’s (1949) idea of female passivity and Butler’s (1999) challenge to the stability of the category ‘women’ are utilized together with the discursive strategies proposed by Van Dijk (2007) to conclude. through the use of actor description, situation description, hyperbole and distancing, for the feminist analysis of patriarchal influence on the female under the cover of paternity, whereby the female subject is conditioned to consider herself impure due to her gendered identity, sartorial practices and desire to be educated. On the contrary, the memoirist by employing the strategies of polarization and situation description shows that the female subject can only challenge the patriarchal dominance because of the changed consciousness that came out of the personal resistance to patriarchy
5
Berg Inhee Cho, Inhee C. "Female Gender Marginality in the Imperial Roman World: Affinity Between Women and Slaves in their Shared Stereotypes and Penetrability." Gender Studies 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2020-0001.
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Abstract The concepts of sex and gender existed in the imperial Roman world. Although there existed a sliding scale of sex and gender, gender was largely pre-determined at the time of one’s birth based on one’s sexual anatomy and concurrently, gender acculturation of the male and the female began. It was a conventional notion that women were marginal compared to freeborn men by the virtue of gender. Although the Romans improved the legal independence of free women, Greco-Roman literary evidence harbors various theoretical positions regarding female social marginality and submission, which were largely associated with slaves, and also underscores the paradox that female position of authority was only meant to be negotiated with the position of subordination. This article deals with the issue of female gender marginality and enculturation of female servility in the imperial Roman world. Various Roman literary traditions link women to slaves in their shared stereotypes and evidence that women and slaves were seen to share affinity for vulnerable penetrability in the face of the male sexual and domestic violence.
6
Gustina, Miming, Khairil Anwar, and Rima Devi. "Perempuan Sebagai the Other Dalam Novel Kogoeru Kiba Karya Nonami Asa." Janaru Saja Jurnal Program Studi Sastra Jepang 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/js.v11i1.5713.
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the forms the other towards women in the novel Kogoeru Kiba by Nonami Asa. Data were collected from a Japanese novel entitled Kogoeru Kiba by Nonami Asa using qualitative methods with content analysis techniques and then analyzed using Simone de Beauvoir's existential feminism perspective (Beauvoir, 1989) described descriptively. The results of the analysis are three marginalities obtained from colleagues, general public and from husband. Women are marginalized because they do things that are considered not domestic field than what women should do. Women are considered to do something that should only be done by men. Future research is expected to discuss the resistance to marginality experienced by female figure by using existential feminism.
Keywords: Feminist existence; Kogoeru Kiba; marginality; the other
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perempuan sebagai other dalam novel Kogoeru Kiba karya Nonami Asa. Data dikumpulkan dari novel bahasa jepang berjudul Kogoeru Kiba karya Nonami Asa menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi lalu dianalisis menggunakan perspektif feminisme eksistensi Simone de Beauvoir (Beauvoir, 1989) dijabarkan dengan deskriptif. Hasil analisis yang didapatkan adalah berupa tiga marginalitas yang didapatkan dari rekan kerja, masyarakat umum dan dari suami. Perempuan dimarginalkan karena melakukan sesuatu yang dianggap bukan ranah domestik dari yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh perempuan. Perempuan dianggap mengerjakan sesuatu yang seharusnya hanya dikerjakan laki-laki. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat membahas mengenai perlawanan terhadap marginalitas yang di alami tokoh perempuan dengan menggunakan feminisme eksistensi.
Kata kunci: Eksistensi feminis; Kogoeru Kiba; marginalitas; the other
7
Chuang, Ya-Han, and Hélène Le Bail. "How marginality leads to inclusion: insights from mobilizations of Chinese female migrants in Paris." Ethnic and Racial Studies 43, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1572907.
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8
Goebel, Allison, and Belinda Dodson. "Housing and Marginality for Female-Headed Households: Observations from Msunduzi Municipality (Pietermaritzburg, South Africa)." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 45, no. 2 (January 2011): 240–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2011.10541055.
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Manoj Kumar and Prof. V. Ch. N. K. Srinivasa Rao. "Narrating Marginality: Gender Crisis in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terror." Creative Launcher 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.6.19.
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Feminine sensibilities and gender issues are based on different cultures and diasporic essence. The desire and aspirations of women of different countries are not similar. Their demands are influenced by a number of variables, including familial, societal/racial, marital, economic, cultural, and personal ones. It is considered incorrect to compare Indian feminism to western feminism, which is characterised by radical rules, in such a varied culture. In its early stages, Indian feminism was wholly liberal and addressed every facet of mankind. There hasn't been a significant political or social uprising in India against the male-dominated culture. In beginning, they seek to address the inequality and dissimilarity that existed between males and females. They desired to bridge the gaps between men and women through their social revolt and provide the psychological reason for the male violence against women. Some feminist intellectuals extended the gender issues focusing the intention on rape and other forms of sexual violence. To them, such gender issues of exploitation are because of the male dominant society. They agree with Liberal feminists that material change and patriarchy is the sole reason for women's discrimination. They argue against the existing tradition of love, marriage, and gender inequality and demand equal social rights. The women writers like Shashi Deshpande have used fiction to explore and share their experiences. The myriad conflicts, which they face in everyday lives, are woven into the fictional world of their creation. To Shashi Deshpande, traditional beliefs also play a major role in female discrimination.
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Dr. Hem Raj Bansal. "Multiple Hues of Marginality and Assertion in Jokha Alharthi’s Celestial Bodies." Creative Launcher 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.6.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Marginality is not only a state of tangible/physical suffering but also a condition of mind. However, the nature of both is complementary to each other as the troubled psychic state results only from material reality. The adjective ‘celestial’ in the title seems to negate any material claims to one’s deprived state as emanating from structural inequities. The marginal state of major female characters in Jokha Alharthi’s (b. 1978) the Man Booker International Prize-Winning novel Celestial Bodies (2019) has its basis in the patriarchal functioning of society. Marilyn Booth writes, “The impact of a strong patriarchal system on both women and subordinate men is unsparing but it shapes different generations, and individuals, distinctly as it leads to both suffering and confrontation” (x). All three sisters Mayya, Khawla and Asma in the Celestial Bodies have their own trajectories of hidden pain. Apart from it, marginality as observed in the case of Zarifa, the female slave who unconsciously submits herself to a better life, results from ignorance as she does not find anything appalling even in being a concubine to Merchant Sulayman, the slave owner. Another note of marginality stems in the portrayal of Habib and his son Sanjar who view slavery as an “involuntary human servitude” (Wright n.pag.) and hence break themselves free from the shackles of bondage by leaving the house of Sulayman. While the former realizes that despite being his wife, Zarifa is also his master’s keep which is a blow to his masculinity; his son also identifies selfish motives in Sulayman’s doing a few things for his betterment. Another victim of a husbandly suspicion is Fatima, the wife of Sulayman whose death remains a mystery until it is learnt that it was her husband who hastens her to a poisonous death as her affair with a slave is suspected. Mayya’s daughter London’s marginal state cements the vulnerable status of women as despite from a rich family she is treated in terms of her supposed weak gender as her voluntary marriage to a peasant’s ends in a fiasco. The present paper seeks to provide answer to different types of marginalities found in the Celestial Bodies along with charting out a course of passive to active resistance as adopted by different characters.
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Ngom, Mamadou Abdou Babou. "Worplace Sexual Harassment and Female Objectification: Feminist Perspectives on Violet Barungi’s Cassandra." English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n1p1.
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Using Violet Barungi’s Cassandra as a stepping-stone, I seek in this research article to analyze how feminism can be an effective weapon against the dyadic straitjacket of sexual harassment on the job and female objectification. The paper argues that male leadership leverage their stranglehold over their female employees to morph them into mere sexual objects. At the root of working women’s subservience to their male guv’nors, the paper contends, lies deep-seated power dynamics heavily weighted in favour of men. The eponymous character’s enactment of a gritty agency geared towards resisting cripplingly sexist practices in the workplace, and hidebound mindset in her society, bespeaks a dismissal of self-pity and discouragement that sometimes characterizes many women to their male-induced marginality.
12
Weil, Marie. "Research on Vulnerable Populations." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 25, no. 4 (November 1989): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002188638902500408.
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In this autobiographical account, the author discusses her life and career experiences and how these relate to her work in community organizing and social services. The author's own sense of marginality, which originated in her being a dark-skinned, white, female member of a North Carolina family, formed the basis of her concerns about populations facing vulnerability and risk. Although the author's research and writings have addressed diverse subjects, common themes emerge related to decision making and shared leadership and to helping vulnerable groups design and coordinate programs to serve their array of needs.
13
Kwak, YoonKyung. "Challenges and Negotiations of a Young, Female, and Unmarried Researcher: Reflections on Fieldwork in South Korea." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (January 1, 2019): 160940691986038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919860388.
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This article presents my personal reflections on the process of conducting fieldwork as part of my PhD research into participant recruitment in South Korea. I discuss the challenges and negotiations I faced during my PhD fieldwork. The aim is to examine the following three issues: (1) obstacles faced in gaining entry to the fieldwork sample when conducting research in my own country, (2) the influence of my personal identity (i.e., my gender, race, class, religion, nationality, and age) on my fieldwork experiences, and (3) the research process itself and the strategies I used to overcome my vulnerability and marginality. I conclude by raising several ethical considerations and dilemmas, followed by a discussion of the significant implications of the study topic in terms of researcher safety and well-being when undertaking fieldwork and how this can be ameliorated.
14
Lalthapersad, P. "Occupational segregation of work and income disparities among South African women." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2002): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i1.2667.
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Despite the increase in the number of women participating in the South African labour market in recent years, little progress has been made in removing wage disparities, eradicating women's marginality in the labour market, reassessing women's work or changing the traditional occupational ghettos of women. Not only does the South African labour market exhibit anomalies in respect of the gender composition of occupations, there are substantial differences by race. A good barometer of determining the extent to which men and women undertake different types of jobs, is to analyse the percentage of male and female workers per occupational category.
15
Taverner, Charlie. "Consider the Oyster Seller: Street Hawkers and Gendered Stereotypes in Early Modern London." History Workshop Journal 88 (2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbz032.
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Abstract Oyster sellers were ubiquitous on London’s streets and as characters in high and low culture. This article contrasts the varied, sophisticated working life of mostly female hawkers with their sexualized representation in the multimedia genre of Cries. It connects these divergent stories to bigger narratives of socio-economic change in London, gender relations, and changing ways of imagining the emergent metropolis. While previous work focused on hawkers’ marginality and read the Cries uncritically, this article shows how humble food sellers kept the city fed, became symbolic of cultural change, and may have been affected by their representations.
16
Cowan, Jane K. "Women, Men and Pre-Lenten Carnival in Northern Greece: An Anthropological Exploration of Gender Transformation In Symbol and Practice." Rural History 5, no. 2 (October 1994): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000686.
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My very first encounter with Sohos, a small market and agricultural town in the mountains northeast of Thessaloniki, a few days before the start of Lent in 1976, is recorded in a set of black-and-white photographs. Their harsh contrasts evoke the chill bleakness of late winter while the images tell a story of social marginality. To my eye, as a young female American university student exploring the central marketplace, men and youths were visible everywhere – in the streets, the shops and restaurants – yet women and girls were difficult to find. My camera captured them hovering at the margins: leaning out of windows or standing in doorways.
17
Gammaitoni, Milena. "A Sociological Analysis of the Social Role of Female Artists during COVID-19." Intercultural Relations 7, no. 2(12) (December 21, 2022): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.02.2022.12.09.
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During the pandemic, artists have created new works, initiated political actions and civil activism, supporting the health prevention policy with the “I stay at home” campaign, but also organizing, at a later stage, protest movements, in defence of the right to perform one’s work, broadening the criticisms to a macro vision: in defence of the environment and the weakest groups, against violence against women, increased by 30%, for aid to immigrants, in denouncing urban marginality (street art), and the depopulation of small towns. The lack of attention on the part of politics, in Italy, and in other European countries, has then generated real opposition movements, an exemplary case being the song “Danser encore,” whose lyrics expressed a protest against government-imposed restrictions, and which turned into flash mob events in many countries. The depoliticization of contemporary art, of which Yves Michaud wrote, is a past concept, because we can see artistic movements shifting towards the safeguarding of universal rights and duties, up to the latest interpretations of what justice is and how to overcome social inequalities according to the visions of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
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Simien, Evelyn M., Nneka Arinze, and Jennifer McGarry. "A Portrait of Marginality in Sport and Education: Toward a Theory of Intersectionality and Raced-Gendered Experiences for Black Female College Athletes." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 40, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.2019.1614865.
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OWEN, BARBARA, and BARBARA BLOOM. "Profiling Women Prisoners: Findings from National Surveys and a California Sample." Prison Journal 75, no. 2 (June 1995): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855595075002003.
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As the number of women in prison in the United States continues to rise, existing descriptions of this changing population become outmoded. This article summarizes several national surveys of the current population of imprisoned women and provides preliminary findings from a larger study that profiles women prisoners in California's rapidly expanding state prison system. California's female prison population increases cannot be attributed to the incarceration of more dangerous women. In fact, the percentage of women in prison for violent offenses has decreased while the proportion of women in prison for drug-related offenses has increased substantially. Women prisoners are often economically and politically marginalized, and imprisonment tends to exacerbate this marginality. Community sanctions, which address the multidimensional problems faced by women in the criminal justice system, should be used more extensively.
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Savkina, I. L. "На троне и на Мавзолее. Женщина и власть в новых российских исторических сериалах". Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, № 2 (березень 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2-21.077.
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This essay explores issues of gender and power in three recent Russian TV series: the first two, “Catherine” (2014–2019) and “The Great” (2015) feature the empress Catherine the Second as a protagonist, while a third, “Fourtseva. The Legend of Catherine” (2011) tells the story of the high-level Soviet official Ekaterina Fourtseva. The producers of these shows have a contradictory task: they seek to strengthen patriarchal stereotypes of femininity through the character of a female monarch while at the same time keeping intact the concept of strong imperial power. Thus, they ‘divide’ their heroine into Catherine-the-female, who had to sacrifice her feminine maternal essence, and Catherine the Great, the empress and the conqueror. The series about ‘Catherine the Third’, as Fourtseva was sometime called, treats the issue of gender and power in a more straightforward way, suggesting that a woman in high power is out of place: doomed to marginality and ‘secondary’ roles, she, at the same time, has no chance of finding happiness as a woman. Differences between the series notwithstanding, none of them question the masculine nature of political power, to which a woman can accede only on the basis of luck or as a sad exception.
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Villar-Argáiz, Pilar. "Secrecy, Alterity, and Defiant Femininity in Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin's The Boys of Bluehill." Irish University Review 49, no. 2 (November 2019): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2019.0412.
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This article traces the connections between defiant femininity, indeterminacy, and the theme of secrecy in Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin's collection The Boys of Bluehill (2015). In particular, it analyses the secret as the main poetic device used by Ní Chuilleanáin to articulate the gaps and absences within totalitarian, essentialized discourses such as History. In her poetry, secrecy – manifested as silence, uncertainty, marginality and alterity – emerges as the space of peripheral voices and experiences, buried and silenced by official accounts of Ireland's past. As the unavowable manifestation of the Other, the secret also stands as the perfect space for a defiant form of femininity which emerges as a disrupting force, endlessly open to the possibility of change. In Ní Chuilleanáin's work, the secret is never fully disclosed; her poems are thus perpetually open to different interpretations, pointing towards an uncertain future of indeterminate potentiality for her female characters. As this article shows, this uncertainty at the heart of Ní Chuilleanáin's work can be read subversively as an enabling force.
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Izugbara, Chimaraoke O. "Constituting the Unsafe: Nigerian Sex Workers' Notions of Unsafe Sexual Conduct." African Studies Review 50, no. 3 (December 2007): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2008.0025.
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Abstract:This article reports findings of a qualitative inquiry on representations of unsafe sexual conduct among female sex workers in Aba, Nigeria. Participating sex workers viewed their work as a form of business, a survival imperative in the face of poverty, and they generally considered it both risky and disgraceful. However, they frequently framed unsafe sexual behavior in terms of poorly remunerated unprotected sex with clients. Sex workers in the study were not only generally willing to grant, but also confirmed regularly granting, unprotected sex to clients offering to pay a premium for it. Receiving “good money” for unprotected sex made higher degrees of risk acceptable to these women and was considered an effective way to avoid clients assumed to be carriers of infections. In their struggle for sexual health, sex workers in Nigeria are hindered by poverty, powerlessness, and marginality. Future programs must aim, inter alia, at supporting sex workers' willingness to insist on condoms no matter what clients offer them to do otherwise.
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ÖBERG, PETER, and LARS TORNSTAM. "Body images among men and women of different ages." Ageing and Society 19, no. 5 (September 1999): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007394.
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The exterior territories, or surfaces, of the body have become symbols of the self in late modernity. People are increasingly overwhelmed with messages of youthful ideals: how to stay young or how to get old without signs of ageing. However, studies of the effects of these images on people's own experiences as they grow older seem to be lacking. The present paper reports an empirical study which focuses on body image for men and women of different ages. Four hypotheses, derived from social gerontological theories, are developed and tested against data: the female beauty hypothesis, the double marginality hypothesis, the ageing mask hypothesis and the ageless self hypothesis. The survey, undertaken by 2,002 Swedes, reveals a response pattern with basically positive body images that, for women, is increasingly positive with age. The results are, thus, in sharp contrast to the gerontophobic messages from consumer culture as well as contrary to some gerontological theories.
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Szatanik, Zuzanna. "Peripheries of Girlhood; Erin Bow’s Plain Kate." Romanica Silesiana 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rs.2021.19.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The focus of this analysis is a representation of girlhood in Erin Bow’s 2010 novel Plain Kate. The novel has been categorized as “Young Adult Literature” which has come to indicate subversive and a transformative potential in that it often evokes traditional narrative models only to de- and re- construct them. The eponymous Plain Kate, therefore, is a prototypical Other: an ugly, orphaned and homeless girl who has to flee her hometown under the accusations of beinga witch. She is a transitional character and a boundary-crosser; as such she does not belong anywhere. Importantly, the story makes it clear that what transforms Kate into an outsider is, among other things, her gender, which is why the protagonist’s evolution from a child into an adult is shown through metaphors of the fluid female body. This paper aims to discuss the topography of girlhood on the example of Bow’s novel, focusing specifically on the questions of marginality, otherness, liminality, and transgression, inscribed in the category of Young Adult Literature.
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Apfelbaum, Erika. "Norwegian and French Women in high Leadership Positions." Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 1993): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00653.x.
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This analysis of 50 French and Norwegian women in high positions of leadership stresses how gendered relations structuring private and professional lives will vary in different cultures according to their socio-historical contexts. The specific contexts of two Western European democracies, France and Norway, reveal a number of differences impacting on the careers and the construction of the personal and social identities of women leaders. Interviews were held with French women who (a) assumed pioneering leadership positions in the 1970s ( n = 10) and (b) who followed in the 1980s ( n = 20) and with Norwegian women leaders ( n = 20). Sixty percent of the total sample had held posts as cabinet or subcabinet ministers. Illustrations from their narratives, collected through semistructured interviews about their personal and professional itineraries, are used to discuss a number of questions from a comparative cultural perspective: the sense of double marginality, extraneity, lack of entitlement and vulnerability; role-model legitimation; feminism and the women's movement; political parity/mixity; gender consciousness and solidarity; and family and female—male interactions.
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Fadhila, Alya Khoirunnisa, and Ida Rochani Adi. "Women Detectives in Detective Fiction: A Formula Analysis on <em>Dublin Murder Squad</em> Series." Lexicon 8, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v8i1.73421.
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This paper studies the formulation of two women detectives in Tana French’s work, Cassie Maddox and Antoinette Conway, in the Dublin Murder Squad Series by exploring the hard-boiled fiction conventions which underlie the formulation of Tana French’s two female detectives. The objective of this study is to determine how French innovates the hard-boiled fiction conventions in the formation of her women detective characters, Cassie Maddox and Antoinette Conway. By employing formula analysis as theorized by John G. Cawelti (1976), the results of this study show that French innovates the hard-boiled formula in four aspects. First, French innovates the hard-boiled formula by expanding the concept of marginality from economic class to gender and race. The second innovation is the substitution of the hard-boiled convention which emphasizes on masculine toughness with resistance to patriarchal control. Third, French re-established the relationship between the detective and the character femme fatale. Their similarity of female experiences and perspective with the femme fatale makes these women detectives not only reveal the femme fatale as a murderer, but also the motives and scenarios behind their acts. Finally, French also innovates the antithetical nature of the hard-boiled detective’s presentation by offering a ‘feminine’ path to justice. These observations show that French’s innovations on hard-boiled conventions on her women detectives are the extensions of the women investigators in the antecedent feminist revisions of the hard-boiled stories which are heavily influenced by the second-wave feminist values. However, Tana French also inserts her own commentary on the new variants of female character shaped by the new post-feminist discourse which separates her women detectives from those in the antecedent feminist hard-boiled revision series.
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Landy, Francis. "Torah and Anti-Torah: Isaiah 2:2-4 and 1:10-26." Biblical Interpretation 11, no. 3 (2003): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851503322566750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe utopian vision of Isaiah 2:1-4 is a new beginning of the book, intimately related to and absolutely distinct from the first beginning in ch. 1. The two beginnings represent the two voices of the book, whose irreconcilability is its major structural problem. At the centre of the Edenic vision of Zion is a female subject and language, Torah, in whose maternal embrace all nations renounce their phallic rivalries. Torah, however, is paired with a male subject, the word of YHWH, and with the divine authority that judges the peoples. The Torah of 2:3 may be compared to the female figures of ch. 1, and to the condemnatory Torah addressed to the people in 1:10. The Torah of 2:3 is presumably equivalent to the Torah in 1:10, and adumbrates the message of that chapter. It is that to which the sons fail to listen in 1:2, and which is addressed to heaven and earth at the beginning of the book. At the same time it is an anti-Torah, since that which is rejected is conventional Torah, the sacrificial and festive system. The maternal space of Zion, which is also that of divine alimentation, has become a scene of disgust, which may be associated with Kristeva's conception of abjection. The climax of these images for Zion is the prostitute in 1:21, which exemplifies marginality. For the heterological critic, however, the prostitute is the paradigmatic marginal figure against whose exploitation the prophet protests. The figure of the prostitute is transformed into that of the widow and hence the pristine daughter of Zion and the bride of God.
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Salerno, Cecilia. "Corporalidad, marginalidad y disidencia en Kassandra, de Sergio Blanco." Moderna Språk 115, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v115i3.6835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La marginalidad, la prostitución, la inmigración, la locura y la disidencia sexual son aspectos fundamentales en Kassandra, de Sergio Blanco. A través de una metodología de análisis textual, nos hemos adentrado en el universo que conforma esta pieza teatral, reflexionando sobre el marco autoficcional que el autor propone para abordar su monólogo y dialogando con los conceptos de género e identidad, parodia, biopolítica, sadomasoquismo e histeria femenina, así como con la noción de postpornografía, en tanto da cabida a formas alternativas del deseo. Asimismo, hemos sido testigos de la creación de una protagonista queer o “fuera de la norma” que actualiza al personaje legendario, valiéndose de la exageración del estereotipo de la “loca”, de la simulación, del artificio y de elementos propios de la sensibilidad camp y de lo kitsch, y de cómo la asunción de una corporalidad concebida al margen de la oposición binaria hombre/mujer, masculino/femenino o hetero/homo deviene eje del discurso desde una postura políticamente comprometida.
The most essential ítems in Kassandra by Sergio Blanco are marginality, prostitution, immigration, madness and sexual dissent. Through a textual analysis methodology, we got into the universe that makes up the theatre play, pondering on the self-fictional topic proposed by the autor in order to broach his monologue and dialoguing with identity and gender, biopolitical takeoff, sadomasochism and female hysteria concepts as well as with postpornography ideas while admitting different ways of lusts. Likewise we was witnesses of the creation of a queer or an “out of rule” protagonist that updates the legendary character using the exaggeration of the “crazy” stereotype, the artifice and simulation as well as elements of kitsch and camp sensibility and how the assumption of a conceived corporality out of binary opposition man/woman, male/female or hetero/homo turns into the axis of the speech from an engaged political posture.
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Fraiman, Susan. "HGTV’s House Hunters and the Right to Coziness." Canadian Theatre Review 191 (August 1, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.191.003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the complex appeal of home-buying and renovation shows on the cable channel HGTV. While their popularity is clear, their political implications are murkier. Some media studies scholars accuse the genre of fostering consumerism, conformity, and neo-liberal nationhood. Others admire its inclusion and “non-special treatment” of queer and racially diverse participants. My own feminist reading notes the limits as well as merits of the diversity defense and offers to appreciate the shows’ contribution in somewhat different terms. Focusing specifically on House Hunters (1999-present), I credit this home-buying series with asserting the primacy of domestic life in conjunction with a host of related values conventionally coded and subordinated as ‘feminine.’ In the hegemonic scheme of things, qualities coded as ‘masculine’ (the aggressive, historic, large-scale, public-sphere, self-reliant, and individualist) occupy a superior position. House Hunters challenges this gendered hierarchy by reveling in the modest, everyday, small-scale, private-sphere, interdependent, and relational. It does so, moreover, in a gender-neutral way: no longer written off and relegated to women, the little things that happen in houses are made paramount for male and female viewers alike. Adding a further twist, I close with an episode whose homebuyers have histories of social marginality and economic insecurity. In this context, the desire for domestic ‘coziness’ is less about conformity to bourgeois norms and more about feelings of safety and belonging in relation to place.
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Roselli, David Kawalko. "Gender, Class and Ideology: The Social Function of Virgin Sacrifice in Euripides' Children of Herakles." Classical Antiquity 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 81–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2007.26.1.81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper explores how gender can operate as a disguise for class in an examination of the self-sacrifice of the Maiden in Euripides' Children of Herakles. In Part I, I discuss the role of human sacrifice in terms of its radical potential to transform society and the role of class struggle in Athens. In Part II, I argue that the representation of women was intimately connected with the social and political life of the polis. In a discussion of iconography, the theater industry and audience I argue that female characters became one of the means by which different groups promoted partisan interests based on class and social status. In Part III, I show how the Maiden solicits the competing interests of the theater audience. After discussing the centrality (as a heroine from an aristocratic family) and marginality (as a woman and associated with other marginal social groups) of the Maiden's character, I draw upon the funeral oration as a comparative model with which to understand the quite different role of self-sacrifice in tragedy. In addition to representing and mystifying the interests of elite, lower class and marginal groups, the play glorifies a subordinate character whose contradictory social status (both subordinate and elite) embodies the social position of other ““marginal”” members of Athenian society. The play stages a model for taking political action to transform the social system and for commemorating the tragic costs of such undertakings.
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Gilarek, Anna. "Marginalization of “the Other”: Gender Discrimination in Dystopian Visions by Feminist Science Fiction Authors." Text Matters, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-012-0066-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In patriarchy women are frequently perceived as “the other” and as such they are subject to discrimination and marginalization. The androcentric character of patriarchy inherently confines women to the fringes of society. Undeniably, this was the case in Western culture throughout most of the twentieth century, before the social transformation triggered by the feminist movement enabled women to access spheres previously unavailable to them. Feminist science fiction of the 1970s, like feminism, attempted to challenge the patriarchal status quo in which gender-based discrimination against women was the norm. Thus, authors expressed, in a fictionalized form, the same issues that constituted the primary concerns of feminism in its second wave. As feminist science fiction is an imaginative genre, the critique of the abuses of the twentieth-century patriarchy is usually developed in defamiliarized, unreal settings. Consequently, current problems are recontextualized, a technique which is meant to give the reader a new perspective on certain aspects of life they might otherwise take for granted, such as the inadequacies of patriarchy and women’s marginality in society. Yet there are authors who consider the real world dystopian enough to be used as a setting for their novels. This is the case with Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge Piercy and The Female Man by Joanna Russ. Both texts split the narrative into a science fictional and a realistic strand so as to contrast the contemporary world with utopian and dystopian alternatives. Both texts are largely politicized as they expose and challenge the marginalized status of women in the American society of the 1970s. They explore the process of constructing marginalized identities, as well as the forms that marginalization takes in the society. Most importantly, they indicate the necessity of decisive steps being taken to improve the situation.
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García Arranz, José Julio. "Mujeres y emblemas: una visión simbólica de la condición femenina en la Edad Moderna." IMAGO. Revista de Emblemática y Cultura Visual, no. 10 (February 4, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/imago.10.13292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT: The difficult situation of women in the Modern Period, marked by the strong patriarchal and androcentric character of the official culture and ideology of the moment, and their high degree of social marginalization, has been frequently analysed through various literary sources such as theatre, fiction or travel literature, collections of proverbs and sermons, and, above all, moral and doctrinal texts. However, for some time now, a new approach to the issue has been attempted which has proven to be of singular importance when observing the effect of the aforementioned directives of the dominant ideology on the familial and social role of women: illustrated symbolic literature. Through its various forms of expression--emblems, badges, hieroglyphics, allegories--this genre became, especially from the final decades of the 16thcentury, a perfectly calibrated and effective instrument when channelling the political, moral and doctrinal orientation of citizens. In the present study I offer an overview of how emblematic treatises and repertoires of allegories offer us excellent examples of the construction of the symbolic image that the dominant elites of modern times seek to spread and impose on the female gender, and their well-established and channelled behavioural norms.
KEYWORDS: Modern Period; Emblems; Female Marginality; Androcentric Control.
RESUMEN: La difícil situación de la mujer en la Edad Moderna, marcada por el fuerte carácter patriarcal y androcéntrico de la cultura e ideología oficiales del momento, y su alto grado de marginación social han sido analizados con frecuencia a través de diversas fuentes literarias como el teatro, la literatura de ficción o de viajes, las colecciones de refranes y sermones, y, sobre todo, los textos morales y doctrinales. Sin embargo, desde hace algún tiempo se está ensayando una nueva vía de aproximación al problema, y que resulta de singular importancia a la hora de constatar las mencionadas directrices de la ideología dominante sobre el papel familiar y social de la mujer: la literatura simbólica ilustrada. Por medio de sus diversas formas de expresión --emblemas, empresas o divisas, jeroglíficos, alegorías...--, este género se convirtió, sobre todo a partir de los decenios finales del s. XVI, en un instrumento perfectamente calibrado y eficaz a la hora de encauzar la orientación política, moral y doctrinal de los ciudadanos. En el presente trabajo ofrecemos una panorámica de cómo los tratados emblemáticos y los repertorios de alegorías nos ofrecen inmejorables ejemplos de la construcción de la imagen simbólica que las élites dominantes de los tiempos modernos pretenden difundir e imponer del género femenino, y de sus bien establecidas y canalizadas normas de comportamiento.
PALABRAS CLAVES: Edad Moderna; Emblemática; marginalidad femenina; control androcétrico.
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Burnett, Cora. "Women, poverty and sport: A South African scenario." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.1.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The voices of South African feminists and womanists are relatively absent from public debates concerning women’s participation and empowerment in sport. This paper represents a contribution to the gender discourse, drawing on feminist paradigms and reflecting on the marginality of South African women in society and in sport. The findings of two separate studies, undertaken in 1977 and 1999 respectively, are reported. The research focused on the assessment of the impact of the Sports Leaders Programme (as part of the South Africa-United Kingdom Sports Initiative) and the junior component of the sports development programme initiated by the Australian Sports Commission (Super Kidz). Data were collected by means of structured interviews from different stakeholders at macro- (national), meso- (community/institutional) and micro- (individual) levels. A representative sample for the Sports Leaders Programme included 17 co-ordinators and facilitators (at national and provincial levels) and nine sports leaders at community level. To obtain qualitative data concerning the Super Kidz Programme, two provinces were targeted for data collection. A quota sample of seven schools was selected as the experimental group (having introduced the programme) and five schools in close proximity acted as controls. One hundred and forty-four role-players at different levels of participation were interviewed. To obtain some triangulation of data, 110 role-players also participated in focus groups. The data reflecting the position and involvement of women in these programmes were analysed. Against the reality of the majority of women living in conditions of chronic poverty, exposed to patriarchy, being ideologically stereotyped and structurally marginalized, they were, to a large extent absent, and their efforts unrecognised in the institutionalised domain of sport. It was concluded that sport is a severely gendered domain in which male hegemony is acted out and perpetuated whereas women in impoverished communities view access to sport as peripheral in their everyday struggle for material survival. National agencies should therefore not rely on female volunteers to facilitate sports development in impoverished communities but to strategize differently while also redressing ideological and structural gender inequalities in the wider social context.
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Johansson, Anna-Maria, Helena Grip, Louise Rönnqvist, Jonas Selling, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Andrew Strong, and Charlotte K. Häger. "Influence of visual feedback, hand dominance and sex on individuated finger movements." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 6 (April 19, 2021): 1911–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06100-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe ability to perform individual finger movements, highly important in daily activities, involves visual monitoring and proprioception. We investigated the influence of vision on the spatial and temporal control of independent finger movements, for the dominant and non-dominant hand and in relation to sex. Twenty-six healthy middle-aged to old adults (M age = 61 years; range 46–79 years; females n = 13) participated. Participants performed cyclic flexion–extension movements at the metacarpophalangeal joint of one finger at a time while keeping the other fingers as still as possible. Movements were recorded using 3D optoelectronic motion technique (120 Hz). The movement trajectory distance; speed peaks (movement smoothness); Individuation Index (II; the degree a finger can move in isolation from the other fingers) and Stationarity Index (SI; how still a finger remains while the other fingers move) were extracted. The main findings were: (1) vision only improved the II and SI marginally; (2) longer trajectories were evident in the no-vision condition for the fingers of the dominant hand in the female group; (3) longer trajectories were specifically evident for the middle and ring fingers within the female group; (4) females had marginally higher II and SI compared with males; and (5) females had fewer speed peaks than males, particularly for the ring finger. Our results suggest that visual monitoring of finger movements marginally improves performance of our non-manipulative finger movement task. A consistent finding was that females showed greater independent finger control compared with males.
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Berg, Elena C., Martin I. Lind, Shannon Monahan, Sophie Bricout, and Alexei A. Maklakov. "Kin but less than kind: within-group male relatedness does not increase female fitness in seed beetles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1910 (September 11, 2019): 20191664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theory maintains within-group male relatedness can mediate sexual conflict by reducing male–male competition and collateral harm to females. We tested whether male relatedness can lessen female harm in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus . Male relatedness did not influence female lifetime reproductive success or individual fitness across two different ecologically relevant scenarios of mating competition. However, male relatedness marginally improved female survival. Because male relatedness improved female survival in late life when C. maculatus females are no longer producing offspring, our results do not provide support for the role of within-group male relatedness in mediating sexual conflict. The fact that male relatedness improves the post-reproductive part of the female life cycle strongly suggests that the effect is non-adaptive. We discuss adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms that could result in reduced female harm in this and previous studies, and suggest that cognitive error is a likely explanation.
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Johnson, L. Scott, Emilene Ostlind, Jessica L. Brubaker, Susan L. Balenger, Bonnie G. P. Johnson, and Harold Golden. "Changes in Egg Size and Clutch Size with Elevation in a Wyoming Population of Mountain Bluebirds." Condor 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Few studies have examined how avian life-history traits vary within populations as elevation increases and climate becomes more severe. We compared egg and clutch sizes of Mountain Bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) nesting at two elevations (1500 m and 2500 m above sea level) in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming over two years. Eggs laid by females at the high-elevation site were, on average, significantly (6%) smaller in volume than eggs laid by their lower-elevation counterparts. Across elevations, egg size showed a significant positive correlation with female body condition (weight relative to size), and high-elevation females had significantly lower indices of condition than low-elevation females. Temperatures during clutch formation were colder at the high-elevation site, and egg size was negatively related to temperature after controlling for the effects of female condition. Clutches of females at high elevations were, on average, marginally smaller (by 5%, 0.3 eggs) than clutches of low-elevation females. Unlike egg size, clutch size was unrelated to either female condition or temperature during clutch formation. This suggests that, when under energetic or nutritional stress at high elevations, females sacrifice egg size before sacrificing clutch size.
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Pasaribu, Pananda, Masripah Masripah, and Bonnie Mindosa. "Does Gender Diversity in the Boardroom Improve Firm Performance? Evidence from Indonesia." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 65, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47291/efi.v65i1.597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates board gender diversity in Indonesia’s listed firms and its effect on firm performance from 2011–2016. After addressing the endogeneity of diversity, the results in this paper show that the proportion of female in the boardroom marginally improve firm performance. Firms with two or more female in the boardroom have a stronger impact on firm performance than firms with one female in the boardroom, consistent with the critical mass effect. Finally, certain sectors will gain more benefits of appointing females in the boardroom. The results suggest that increasing gender diversity in the boardrooms can have beneficial effects on firm performance, but the benefits may be subject to the critical mass and firm industry.
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Ajayi, F. O., and K. L. Ayorinde. "Effect of Sex on some Growth Criteria and carcass Yield in Cobb Broiler strain." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of sex on some growth criteria in Cobb broiler strain were studied. A tottal of two hundred and sixty-four chicks comprising one hundred and thirty-fuor males and one hundred and thirty females were used. Analyses of the results showed ni significant (P>0.05) sex variation in the all growth criteria: body weight, body length, keel length, drumstick length, shank length and shank thickness at 3 and 6 weeks of age. The males were however, significantly heavier than the females at 9 and 12 weeks of age: the difference being 114.94g at 99 weeks and 186.67g at 12 weeks of age. The eviscerated weight of the female expressed in percentage of live weight was marginally higher than that of males (63.76% and 62.50% respectively).The portion of breast in female broilers was also higher than male broilers. IT could be inferred from this study that females had less inedible parts (blood, intestine and feathers) than males.
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Adair, Tim, U. S. H. Gamage, Lene Mikkelsen, and Rohina Joshi. "Are there sex differences in completeness of death registration and quality of cause of death statistics? Results from a global analysis." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e006660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionRecent studies suggest that more male than female deaths are registered and a higher proportion of female deaths are certified as ‘garbage’ causes (ie, vague or ill-defined causes of limited policy value). This can reduce the utility of sex-specific mortality statistics for governments to address health problems. To assess whether there are sex differences in completeness and quality of data from civil registration and vital statistics systems, we analysed available global death registration and cause of death data.MethodsCompleteness of death registration for females and males was compared in 112 countries, and in subsets of countries with incomplete death registration. For 64 countries with medical certificate of cause of death data, the level, severity and type of garbage causes was compared between females and males, standardised for the older age distribution and different cause composition of female compared with male deaths.ResultsFor 42 countries with completeness of less than 95% (both sexes), average female completeness was 1.2 percentage points (p.p.) lower (95% uncertainty interval (UI) −2.5 to –0.2 p.p.) than for males. Aggregate female completeness for these countries was 7.1 p.p. lower (95% UI −12.2 to −2.0 p.p.; female 72.9%, male 80.1%), due to much higher male completeness in nine countries including India. Garbage causes were higher for females than males in 58 of 64 countries (statistically significant in 48 countries), but only by an average 1.4 p.p. (1.3–1.6 p.p.); results were consistent by severity and type of garbage.ConclusionAlthough in most countries analysed there was no clear bias against females in death registration, there was clear evidence in a few countries of systematic undercounting of female deaths which substantially reduces the utility of mortality data. In countries with cause of death data, it was only of marginally poorer quality for females than males.
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De Silva, W. I. "Age at marriage in Sri Lanka: stabilizing or declining?" Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryOver the last four decades in Sri Lanka, age at first marriage for males increased marginally, and for females it rose considerably, but there has been no recent increase in female age at marriage. Among the younger cohorts, estimated ages at which some married indeed show a declining mean age at marriage. Coale-McNeil estimates indicate that there is no real decline in female age at marriage in Sri Lanka. Marriages were delayed as a result of economie hardship or increased mortality to the mid-1970s, but once the overall economy improved after 1977, more marriages took place. Female age at marriage in Sri Lanka remained slightly below 24 years, the age which is anticipated by younger cohorts, and this level is likely to persist for some time.
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Koenig, Walter D. "Levels of Female Choice in the White-Tailed Skimmer Plathemis Lydia (Odonata: Libellulidae)." Behaviour 119, no. 3-4 (1991): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMale Plathemis lydia defend mating territories along the perimeter of ponds. Females come to ponds for brief periods of time every few days to oviposit. During these visits, females actively discriminate among males, rejecting up to 48.9 % of mating attempts. Males varied significantly in the proportion of attempts successfully leading to copulation. However, males that obtained more matings also experienced more rejections. Extensive analyses based on absolute male size, relative male size, and male size relative to female size yielded only marginally significant evidence of female mate preference based on body mass, wing length, wing loading index, or age; to the extent that any of these characters appeared to influence mating success, they similarly influenced refusal rates. The overall weakness of female mate choice is further suggested by the frequency of females ovipositing without prior matings and by the low frequency with which females remate with the same males. On a population basis, females strongly prefer to oviposit in the middle of the day and at particular parts of the study pond. Thus, females exhibit strong choice at several levels. However, despite the high incidence of active female rejection and high variance in male mating success, mate choice is apparently of minor importance in this population. Female discrimination of males, combined with variance in male mating success, are necessary but not sufficient for the action of sexual selection via mate choice. These findings support the prediction that male-male competition is of primary importance in resource control mating systems in which males are able to control female access to most or all favored oviposition sites. However, it is not clear why females generally fail to discriminate among males, given that they have the opportunity to do so. In general, females appear to have low motivation to mate with males, presumably because multiple mating does not significantly increase their fertility or fecundity. Selection for rapid mating may be significant, both because of predation on females during mating and oviposition and because of the risks for males of losing their territories during mating bouts. This time constraint may be the most important factor limiting female discrimination among males on the basis of consistent characteristics.
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Diamant, Eleanor S., Jay J. Falk, and Dustin R. Rubenstein. "Male-like female morphs in hummingbirds: the evolution of a widespread sex-limited plumage polymorphism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1945 (February 24, 2021): 20203004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Differences in the way males and females look or behave are common in animals. However, discrete variation within sexes (sex-limited polymorphism) also occurs in several vertebrate and invertebrate lineages. In birds, female-limited polymorphism (FLP) in which some females resemble males in coloration is most prominent in hummingbirds, a group known for its morphological and behavioural sexual dimorphism. Yet, it remains unclear whether this intrasexual colour variation in hummingbirds arises through direct selection on females, or indirectly as a non-adaptive byproduct resulting from selection on males. Here, we analysed specimens from more than 300 hummingbird species to determine the extent, evolutionary history and function of FLP. We found that FLP evolved independently in every major clade and occurs in nearly 25% of hummingbird species. Using phylogenetically informed analyses, we rejected non-adaptive hypotheses that FLP is the result of indirect selection or pleiotropy across species. Instead, FLP is associated with ecology, migratory status, and marginally with social dominance, suggesting a socioecological benefit to females. Ultimately, we show that FLP is not only widespread in hummingbirds and likely adaptive, but may also be useful for understanding the evolution of female ornamentation in systems under strong sexual selection.
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Oberto, Alessandra, Ilaria Bertocchi, Angela Longo, Sara Bonzano, Silvia Paterlini, Clara Meda, Sara Della Torre, Paola Palanza, Adriana Maggi, and Carola Eva. "Hypothalamic NPY-Y1R Interacts with Gonadal Hormones in Protecting Female Mice against Obesity and Neuroinflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We previously demonstrated that Npy1rrfb mice, which carry the conditional inactivation of the Npy1r gene in forebrain principal neurons, display a sexually dimorphic phenotype, with male mice showing metabolic, hormonal and behavioral effects and females being only marginally affected. Moreover, exposure of Npy1rrfb male mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) increased body weight growth, adipose tissue, blood glucose levels and caloric intake compared to Npy1r2lox male controls. We used conditional knockout Npy1rrfb and Npy1r2lox control mice to examine whether forebrain disruption of the Npy1r gene affects susceptibility to obesity and associated disorders of cycling and ovariectomized (ovx) female mice in a standard diet (SD) regimen or exposed to an HFD for 3 months. The conditional deletion of the Npy1r gene increased body weight and subcutaneous white adipose tissue weight in both SD- and HFD-fed ovx females but not in cycling females. Moreover, compared with ovx control females on the same diet regimen, Npy1rrfb females displayed increased microglia number and activation, increased expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactivity (IR) and decreased expression of proopiomelanocortin-IR in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). These results suggest that in the ARC NPY-Y1R reduces the susceptibility to obesity of female mice with low levels of gonadal hormones and that this effect may be mediated via NPY-Y1R ability to protect the brain against neuroinflammation.
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Kuimova, Vladislava M. "Paradoxes of Soviet Film Directing (By the Example of R.A. Bykov’s and K.G. Muratova’s Films)." Observatory of Culture 17, no. 4 (September 8, 2020): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-4-403-413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article aims to analyze the film directing experience of R.A. Bykov and K.G. Muratova, who embody the principles of alternative Soviet cinema. As our research shows, they are united not only by the epoch, but also by archetypal representativeness and personal marginality. This is embodied in the paradoxes of film directing, which are the subject of this research. Both R.A. Bykov and K.G. Muratova were somehow disavowed by the totalitarian regime, and their works were censored. In R.A. Bykov’s case, we also mean his acting work, not just directing. This research is relevant because of the problems of analyzing the narrative content of Russian cinema, and the characteristics of the complex and ambiguous Soviet and post-Soviet period of Russian culture.The article deals with a psychoanalytic discourse of the creators, reveals the common and specific in their lives and works. Its use is justified due to the paradoxes of the creative personality. According to the author, R.A. Bykov’s inferiority complex is associated with his desire to be the best and to realize his potential in all participation areas: not only as a director and actor but also as an organizer and public figure. K.G. Muratova was forced to constantly prove her existence in film directing due to the specifics of this “non- feminine” kind of activity, and therefore she was creating films that did not correspond to gender stereotypes.The article substantiates that the determining factor of creativity is, first, the psychological characteristics of the creator’s personality, and secondly, the social context. The author’s task is to test the psychoanalytic discursive method adapted to the main purpose of cultural analysis.This is explained by the fact that for both the authors, a grotesque theatricalization was a way to comprehend reality and figuratively express their ideas about it, an opportunity to preserve viability in socially and morally intolerant conditions. Archetypal images are the basis for building the drama of a cinematic work. In this article, in the context of R.A. Bykov’s works, the archetypal approach is applied to the film “Aybolit-66” (1967), in the context of K.G. Muratova’s works — to the film “Three Stories” (1997). This allows us to present an in-depth analysis of the main elements of their works, since a single frame or episode is typical for representation of great artists’ works. The author analyzes the male and female archetype, as well as the prototypes of the Child and the Elder implemented in the films. The directors’ appeal to them is dictated by logic, since, according to C. Jung, patterns, being part of the collective unconscious, are universal at the same time when creating and reading a work.
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Birnbaum, Faith A., Shivram Chandramouli, Mridul K. Thomas, and Jullia A. Rosdahl. "The Role of Gender in Ophthalmology Resident Evaluations." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 12, no. 01 (January 2020): e8-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Gender affects various aspects of medical training. Prior research in surgical specialties has shown that female residents are given less positive feedback, granted less autonomy in the operating room, perform fewer procedures, and achieve competency milestones at a slower rate as compared with their male counterparts. Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether gender affects ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single institution. Methods Ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single residency program from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed. Data were collected on faculty gender, resident gender, and year of resident training. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to analyze the degree to which differences in evaluation scores could be predicted from demographic data, while accounting for multiple sources of nonindependence of data. Results A total of 490 evaluations for 43 residents by 34 faculty were analyzed. Evaluations consisted of up to 23 questions graded on a scale from 0 (poor) to 9 (excellent). Female residents received marginally higher scores than male residents on average (coefficient of male residents = −0.2). Both male and female residents received marginally lower scores from male faculty than from female faculty on average (coefficient of male faculty = −0.21). Male faculty also appeared to have scored male residents lower to a greater degree than did female faculty (coefficient of male faculty by male resident interaction = −0.14), though this result was sensitive to model specifications. There was no significant interaction between year of resident training and gender. Conclusion In contrast to other procedural specialties, female residents appear to have been graded at a similar level or higher than male residents on average. Male faculty gave slightly lower scores to both male and female residents than female faculty did. Male faculty also may have graded male residents marginally lower than female residents to a greater degree than female faculty did.
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Teixeira-Santos, Luísa, Eduardo Veríssimo, Sandra Martins, Teresa Sousa, António Albino-Teixeira, and Dora Pinho. "Effects of NADPH Oxidase Isoform-2 (NOX2) Inhibition on Behavioral Responses and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain." Biomedicines 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
NADPH oxidase isoform-2 (NOX2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain (NP), mostly through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Since it is also accepted that some neuroimmune mechanisms underlying NP are sex-dependent, we aimed to evaluate the effects of early systemic treatment with the NOX2-selective inhibitor (NOX2i) GSK2795039 on behavioral responses and spinal neuroinflammation in spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP in male and female mice. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated with the von Frey test, while general well-being and anxiety-like behavior were assessed with burrowing and light/dark box tests. Spinal microglial activation and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were evaluated by immunofluorescence and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. NOX2i treatment reduced SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and early SNI-induced microglial activation in both sexes. SNI-females, but not males, showed a transient reduction in burrowing activity. NOX2i treatment did not improve their burrowing activity, but tendentially reduced their anxiety-like behavior. NOX2i marginally decreased IL-6 in females, and increased M-CSF in males. Our findings suggest that NOX2-selective inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NP in both male and female individuals, with particular interest in females due to its apparent favorable impact in anxiety-like behavior.
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Shanower, T. G., F. Schulthess, and N. Bosque-Perez. "Development and fecundity of Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 2 (June 1993): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034726.
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AbstractThe developmental rates and fecundity of two important African maize pests, Sesamia calamistis Hampson and Eldana saccharina Walker, were studied under constant temperatures and with two larval diets. Five temperatures (15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C) were used to investigate developmental rates and three temperatures (20°, 25° and 30°C) were used in fecundity experiments. Larvae were reared on maize stem cuttings and on artificial diet. The developmental period for S. calamistis on artificial diet required over 700 degree-days (DD); eggs needed 122 DD above a threshold of 9.7°, larvae required 383 DD above 12.2°C and pupae 204 DD above 10.2°C. The developmental period for E. saccharina on artificial diet was 665 DD; eggs required 125 DD above 9.1°C, larvae 400 DD above 10.6°C and pupae 140 DD above 8.8°C. On artificial diet both species developed faster and had higher threshold temperatures for larval development than when reared on maize stem cuttings. Pupal development rates did not differ between artificial diet and maize stem for either species, although developmental thresholds were marginally lower on artificial diet. S. calamistis averaged 250–690 eggs/female although some individuals produced more than 1000 eggs. Adult females lived 5.7 days at 30°C and 10 days at 20°C. E. saccharina females produce more eggs and lived longer than S. calamistis females. Average fecundity for E. saccharina was 470–620 eggs/female, but several individuals produced more than 1200 eggs. Adult females lived 6.6 days at 30°C and 14.6 days at 20°C.
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Yasmeen, Shaikh. "Cadmium induced histopathological alterations in female gonad of freshwater bivalve mollusks, Lamellidens marginalis during summer season." International Journal of Biological Innovations 01, no. 02 (2019): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2019.1207.
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Luo, Yunchao, Lin Wang, Le Yang, Xinxin Wang, Ming Tan, and Zhongqiu Li. "Inter- and intraspecific vigilance patterns of two sympatric Tibetan ungulates." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Vigilance is an important antipredation technique that can be affected by many factors, such as body size and group size. Small animals are more vulnerable than large ones, so the former are expected to behave more vigilantly than the latter. This effect of body size on vigilance may occur inter- or intraspecifically. We studied the vigilance behavior of two sympatric wild ungulates, Tibetan antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii) and Tibetan gazelles (Procapra picticaudata). Tibetan antelopes, with a body size of 33 kg are much larger than Tibetan gazelles, with a body size of approximately 14 kg. Tibetan antelopes are sexually and body-size dimorphic; that is, males are much heavier than females. Alternately, Tibetan gazelles are sexually dimorphic but the sexes do not differ in weight. Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than Tibetan antelopes did. Small female Tibetan antelopes scanned their environment more frequently than males did, whereas male Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than females did. Group size did not affect the vigilance of Tibetan gazelle, but its negative effect on the vigilance of male Tibetan antelopes was marginally significant. In female Tibetan antelopes, vigilance in large groups was high probably because of scramble competition and social monitoring. Our results suggested that body mass and group size play an important role in shaping the vigilance of these two rare Tibetan ungulates.
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Rosser-Mims, Dionne. "A Legacy of Leadership: Black Female Adult Educators." Advancing Women in Leadership Journal 38 (October 3, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/awlj-v38.a338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper profiles the lives of four Black female adult educators whose leadership, power, and activism influenced the educational and political advances of the Black community. While it is not the author's intention to marginalize the stories of the women presented in this manuscript, Anna Julia Cooper, Charlotte Forten Grimke, Ida B. Wells, Septima Clark, and Fannie Lou Hamer made significant contributions as activists and educators who embodied teaching as a leadership style that focused on the development of others. Their struggles and lessons learned remain relevant even today. The biographical summaries presented on these remarkable female adult educators are an important reminder of how education became and remains the vehicle for social mobility and economic success that Black women used to not only improve their lives but also the quality of life for the Black community as a whole. Keywords: Forten Grimke; Ida B. Wells; Septima Clark; Fannie Lou Hamer; Adult Educators; Black Women; Adult/Continuing Education; Women and Gender Studies; Race, Ethnicity and Class