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Статті в журналах з теми "Female labor mobility"
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Liu, Yun-na, and Zhiyu Liu. "Ecology mechanism of female talents social mobility." Ecofeminism and Climate Change 2, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/efcc-12-2020-0036.
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Purpose With the development of social economy, the problem of female labor force and talent ecology mechanism has become increasingly prominent. They do not assign jobs according to their abilities, but decide their duties according to their interpersonal relationships. The uneven distribution of human resources makes the difference, the impact of the female talent social mobility tends to solidify and the social strata between the contradictions are deepening. Design/methodology/approach This paper mainly investigates the current situation of female talents social mobility to solve the problem of the social mobility of female talent, and evaluates the main factors that affect female talents social mobility by analyzing the flow of ordinary female labor, enterprise female talents and educational female talents. Findings Society should pay attention to the social mobility of female talent, carry out comprehensive ecology mechanism in time, take different methods to the management of female talents in different industries, remove the obstacles that affect the social mobility of female talents and create a good ecology mechanism of female talent. Originality/value This paper provides corresponding suggestions and countermeasures on the ecology mechanism of female talents social mobility.
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Mishra, Manamaya. "Female Labor Migration: Gender Prospective." Journal of Population and Development 3, no. 1 (October 10, 2022): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v3i1.48807.
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This paper is based on level, trends and pattern of female labor migration in Nepal. The changes in the lives of Nepalese women due to the increasing trend foreign labor migration of men. The changes in intra-household power relations and the transformations in women’s lives, due to the male-dominated nature of Nepalese migration, are largely neglected. The aim of this paper to find the level and trend of female labour migration in Nepal and also examine women’s experiences, as they assume the role of household heads, financial managers and single parents, in a society that has historically suppressed their freedom. The analysis is based on secondary data source. Women who take on the role of household head are more likely to gain decision-making power and experience an increase in social participation, while those left under the supervision of other members (usually their in-laws) may suffer from reduced decision-making ability and increased restrictions on their mobility in public spaces. These consequences are highly sensitive to the regional socio-cultural norms as well as women’s caste, class, and individual characteristics. The consequences of female migration increasing trend day by day and their experience provides the valuable information for the developing policy of migration as well as traditional gender inequality and providing women with the resources to manage with the challenges faced during men’s migration.
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Walonen, Michael K. "Agency, Mobility, and Constraint in Neoliberal Fiction of Female Labor." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2023): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436928.2023.2269034.
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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Explaining Post-1964 Earnings Gains by Black Women: Race or Sex?" Review of Black Political Economy 15, no. 3 (January 1987): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903991.
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This article examines the earnings position of black females relative to white males for the post-1964 period. It finds that over 70 percent of the 1965–78 growth in black female relative median earnings remains after controlling for previous trends, education, and cyclical and labor supply changes. For full-time, year-round workers, the post-1964 trend independently implies a growth rate about 50 percent higher than that actually observed. Approximately one-half of the gains are attributable to race and the rest to the interaction of race and sex. The study finds no support for the censoring hypothesis that allocates a substantial portion of the growth to labor supply decreases. While it suggests occupational mobility to be nonextraneous in the earnings equation, the author argues that the black female now faces a mobility constraint more formidable than previously.
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Emmi, P. C. "Structural Determinants of Occupational Mobility in a Regional Labor Market." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 7 (July 1987): 925–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190925.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify structural determinants of intraregional occupational mobility. This is done by developing a Markov chain model of job-vacancy transfers, disaggregating that model into its constituent parts, and identifying each part with a unique structural determinant. The disaggregated Markov model yields probabilities of mobility among occupational sectors for specific subgroups of mobile workers. To clarify ideas, a numerical illustration is developed. It is based on US census data and deals with occupational mobility among male and female members of the work force in the State of Utah.
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Torre, Margarita, and Jerry A. Jacobs. "The Gender Mobility Paradox: Gender Segregation and Women’s Mobility Across Gender-Type Boundaries, 1970–2018." Gender & Society 35, no. 6 (September 28, 2021): 853–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912432211046328.
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In this article, we examine trends in women’s mobility among male-dominated, gender-neutral, and female-dominated occupations. Earlier research, largely employing data from the 1970s and early 1980s, showed that along with significant net movement by women into male-dominated fields, there was also substantial attrition from male-dominated occupations. Here, we build on previous research by examining how “gender-type” mobility rates have changed in recent decades. The findings indicate that while still quite high, levels of women’s occupational mobility among female, gender-neutral, and male occupations have decreased considerably over time. We suggest that this is the result of increasing differentiation among women. In particular, many women, especially those in high-status occupations, plan to pursue employment in a male-dominated field, succeed in gaining entry, and tend to remain in these fields more often than their counterparts in previous decades. We interpret these findings as evidence that gender segregation is maintained by an enduring but imperfect system of social control that constrains women’s choices before, during, and after entry into the labor market. The evidence presented here underscores the importance of studying gender-type mobility as a distinct dimension of labor market inequality.
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Kotyrlo, Elena. "Daily labor mobility and the timing of entry into motherhood." Applied Econometrics 70 (2023): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1993-7601-2023-70-55-71.
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The influence of female employment on fertility has been widely studied. However, there is a gap in the knowledge of the effect of daily labor mobility on fertility. The paper presents the study of the direct and indirect effects of commuting on the timing of entry into motherhood by comparison the age‐specific first‐birth rates of female commuters and non‐commuters. The effects appear in simultaneous decision making on childbearing and com‐ muting, and effects of cross‐municipal flows of population and earnings, and fertility norms diffusion on childbearing. Estimation strategy addresses the problem of potential endogeneity of commuting decision. The study uses individual register data from Sweden for women born in 1974 and residing in the Stockholm area following them from 19 to 32 years old. Results demonstrate that commuting women postpone their first birth. Commuters’ first‐birth rates are more sensitive to the changes in relative earnings, fertility norms, and the proportion of commuters in the residing population. Swedish family and labor policies significantly improve reconciliation of family and working life in comparison with many European countries. However, the study demonstrates that the policies do not address commuting costs (in a general meaning) in childbearing decision. The results can be used to explain the link between fertility and daily labor mobility in high‐income countries with a high proportion of women involved in daily labor mobility.
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Akurang-Parry, Kwabena O. "Transformations in the Feminization of Unfree Domestic Labor: A Study of Abaawa or Prepubescent Female Servitude in Modern Ghana." International Labor and Working-Class History 78, no. 1 (2010): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547910000104.
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AbstractThis article breaks new ground for the study of postslavery gender and social formations in modern Ghana and Africa as a whole: It examines the expansion of involuntary female domestic labor known as abaawa in what is today Ghana. The study traces the transformative institutional processes that shaped the exploitation of involuntary female labor in the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods. Based on a variety of primary sources, including colonial, indigenous African newspapers, Christian missionary accounts, and oral history, the article maps out the paradoxical expansion of involuntary female labor during the age of abolition in the colonial period and the postslavery phase of social and gender formations in the era of the postcolonial state. The pivotal argument is that social and gender formations that emerged as a result of abolition, social change, and economic transformation benefited more males than females. As a result, males used innovative, empowering avenues of social mobility in both the colonial and postcolonial periods. For their part, disempowered females, especially those in backwater enclaves, were consigned to abaawa labor, which has ostensibly been projected as a benign, kinship-based, and apprenticeship-bound institution. In reality, contemporary abaawa has all the exploitative vagaries of slavery and debt-bondage of the pre/colonial epoch.
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Umair, Muhammad, and Lubna Naz. "Gender Pay Gap Among Urban-Urban Migrant Workers: Pakistan's Two-Tier Urban Labor Market." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v20i2.518.
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Urban-urban migration has socio-economic and demographic consequences on the labor markets. It affects job mobility and gender-balance in the urban workplace. This study analyzes the gender wage gap among urban-urban migrant workers in Pakistan. The study used the most recent Labour Force Survey, a nationally representative dataset, to identify the determinants of wages for male and female migrant workers separately. The wages of urban-urban female migrants tend to be 45% lower than their male counterparts. The results indicated disparities in working hours and human capital endowment as some of the contributing factors to the increasing gender wage gap. This research calls for implementing drastic measures, i.e., gender-insensitive capacity building of urban migrant workers, workplace incentives for women, and enhancement of women leadership roles, to reduce gender inequalities in the urban labor market.
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Mukherjee, Arghya Kusum. "Traditional institutions and female labor force participation." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2016-0199.
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Purpose In general, the return from participation in MNREGA will be highest for those women whose mobility and social interaction is least impeded by conservative social norms. However, if any intervention enhances knowledge base, or challenges traditional norms of gender, then return from that intervention may be highest for those women impede most by conservative social norms. It may be interpreted as non-monotonic effect of restrictedness across caste and religion. The purpose of this paper is to examine non-monotonicity hypothesis of social restrictedness for the intervention MNREGA. Design/methodology/approach Using primary data from three districts of West Bengal, the paper has tried to see whether there exists any non-monotonic effect of restrictedness on household’s “expenditure on consumption,” “expenditure on temptation good,” “expenditure on women’s health” and “expenditure on children’s education and health” across castes and religion. The sample is relatively homogeneous in terms of socio economic status, but differs in affiliation to castes and religion. Findings As a result of participating the labor force through MNREGA, the contribution of women to household earnings increases, which may potentially increase their bargaining power within the household. The conventional notion is that women who are least fettered by social norms should get maximum benefits of participation in MNREGA. However, the analysis shows that women of upper caste (UC) community have been able to exercise the highest level of agency in allocating household resources compared to the women of scheduled caste community. It substantiates the non-monotonicity of restrictedness of social norms across castes and religions. Agency of Muslim women has not increased significantly compared to the UC women. Research limitations/implications The study suffers from usual limitations of sampling. Originality/value There is hardly any study deciphering MNREGA from the perspective of caste, religion and gender.
Дисертації з теми "Female labor mobility"
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Nickinovich, David G. "Male and female differences in the pattern of occupational persistence /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8870.
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Klanarong, Nisakorn. "Female international labour migration from Southern Thailand /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk632.pdf.
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Torre, Fernández Margarita. "Towards less segregation? : a study of women’s occupational mobility in the U.S. labor market." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32040.
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This dissertation seeks to expand and refine our understanding of sex-segregation in the labor market. The rapid changes in women’s roles that have taken place in recent decades have made traditional explanations incapable of accounting for current patterns of mobility in the labor market, and the persistence of sex-segregation in modern times. Throughout this dissertation I draw on a wide variety of sources and research methods to examine the striking movement of women out of male-dominated occupations in the U.S. There is an important conundrum to unravel, as less attrition of women from male-dominated occupations would mean more progress was being made toward the integration of men and women in the workplace. Results indicate the emergence of new line of demarcation between women; whereas a minority of women tend to plan their job careers more efficiently in a similar way to men, low-status women continue to have unstructured career patterns.Esta tesis busca ampliar y refinar nuestra comprensión sobre la segregación de género en el mercado laboral. Dados los recientes cambios en los roles de las mujeres, las explicaciones tradicionales son insuficientes para explicar los actuales patrones de movilidad y la persistencia de segregación en el mercado de trabajo. A lo largo de esta tesis, se emplea una variedad de fuentes y métodos de investigación para examinar la cuantiosa salida de mujeres de ocupaciones mayoritariamente masculinas en los EE.UU. Este es un dilema importante que desentrañar, ya que reducir el número de mujeres que salen de ocupaciones típicamente masculinas significaría progresar hacia la integración de hombres y mujeres en el lugar de trabajo. Los resultados indican la aparición de una nueva línea de demarcación entre las mujeres; mientras una minoría tiende a planificar sus carreras de trabajo de manera eficiente, similar a los hombres, las mujeres en ocupaciones de bajo estatus continúan desarrollando carreras desestructuradas
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Grunow, Daniela. "Convergence, persistence and diversity in male and female careers - does context matter in an era of globalization? : a comparison of gendered employment mobility patterns in West Germany and Denmark /." Opladen Farmington Hills Ed. Recherche, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827841&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Kim, Natalia N. "Transnational Women Protagonists in Contemporary Cinema: Migration, Servitude, Motherhood." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429100119.
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Chaves, Maria de Fatima Guedes. "Mulheres migrantes: senhoras de seu destino? : uma analise da migração interna feminina no Brasil: 1981/1991." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280649.
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Orientador: Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de OliveiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T04:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chaves_MariadeFatimaGuedes_D.pdf: 734322 bytes, checksum: df74a9e9f7fa55da075411e30eb93744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Baseado nas informações do Censo Demográfico de 1991, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar algumas das especificidades da migração interna feminina no Brasil nos anos 1980. Apresenta um panorama detalhado dos deslocamentos femininos, por modalidade migratória para todas as Unidades da Federação, especialmente para aquelas que possuem áreas metropolitanas. As informações censitárias possibilitaram a construção de variáveis explicativas dos deslocamentos por estado conjugal e segundo a posição na família, no momento da migração, permitindo uma aproximação quanto ao grau de autonomia, dependência ou associação da migração feminina. Essa análise mais específica foi realizada para três Unidades da Federação: Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Os resultados revelam a grande potencialidade das informações censitárias, em especial daquelas sobre nupcialidade, contidas no censo de 1991, para aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o tema e realçam a importância e características dos deslocamentos de mulheres, nem sempre atrelados à família
Abstract: Based on the Demographic Census of 1991, this work aims to understand some aspects of the female internal migration in Brasil during the decade of 1980. We analyze the displacements to all the States of the Federation, in particular those that have metropolitan areas. The specific analysis is addressed to three states of the Federation: Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Looking for connections between marital status, position on the family and characteristics of the displacements, we construct some variables for a better comprehension of the degree of autonomy dependence or association of the migrating movements. The results had shown the enormous potential of the information, especially those concerning marriage in the census of 1991, to deepen the knowledge on the subject. They also highlight the importance and specificity of women's displacements, which are not always related to their families
Doutorado
Doutor em Demografia
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Jiang, Yijing. "Trajectoires migratoires et sociales des manucures chinoises en Île-de-France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0157.
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La migration chinoise de travail en France depuis la fin des années 1990 est marquée par un processus de féminisation et de prolétarisation. Cette thèse étudie ce phénomène migratoire dans la manucure, et retrace l’expansion d’une niche économique, ethnique et genrée dans les années 2010 en région parisienne. De deux à trois personnes sur le marché du soin des ongles, ces femmes y sont passées à environ 1 500 travailleuses 15 ans plus tard. Leur présence s’est étendue à d’autres quartiers, régions, voire pays européens.Pourquoi ces femmes, se sont-elles tournées massivement vers cette activité professionnelle aux conditions de travail précaires ? Pourquoi ces travailleuses souvent sans-papiers se sont-elles coupées de la sécurité des réseaux traditionnels des enclaves chinoises parisiennes, qui leur permettent de vivre et de travailler, même sans parler français ?Notre enquête statistique et ethnographique a été menée entre 2014 et 2020 auprès de centaines de manucures seules et primo-arrivantes. Outre l’examen du contexte macro-structurel expliquant la féminisation de l’émigration chinoise, cette thèse privilégie une approche par études de cas. L’imaginaire sur la mobilité de travail transnationale ainsi que sur la France a été questionné pour reconstituer les projets migratoires de 89 manucures en France. L’enquête a établi trois profils-types, les « anciennes ouvrières délaissées », les « travailleuses précaires mobiles », et les « migrantes professionnelles », associés à trois vagues de migration.La thèse montre le caractère ambivalent de « l’enclave ethnique », qui joue le rôle de « sas », mais dans laquelle ces femmes se retrouvent soumises à un endettement moral et financier, ainsi qu’à un contrôle social. Trouvant leurs premiers emplois et logements grâce aux réseaux régionaux chinois en France (laoxiang 老乡), ces femmes parviennent grâce à la manucure à s’en extraire, mais restent sans-papiers. Elles ont construit un réseau nouveau de femmes issues de toute la Chine qui travaillent pour des patrons non-chinois. Elles se forment entre elles, de façon horizontale, avec le shituzhi, un compagnonnage entre « sœurs » (jiemei 姐妹) qui assure une place dans un salon de manucure et une maîtrise des dernières techniques à la mode. Le logement de ces femmes constitue un déclassement mais assure une liberté vis-à-vis des règles sociales (guanxi 关系), et leur vie frugale mais bien organisée leur permet, hors des jugements traditionnels, de préparer leur retour en Chine. Néanmoins, ces femmes en situation irrégulière y subissent une exploitation comme main-d’œuvre bon marché. En 2014, une grève médiatisée soutenue par des syndicats français suivie d’un procès et d’une propagation des revendications à plusieurs boutiques de manucure nous permet de décrire l’agentivité de ces travailleuses précaires. Dans un salon à Paris un retard de paiement et une rumeur de fermeture a permis le rapprochement des manucures avec des coiffeuses sans-papiers originaires d’Afrique et une lutte collective devenue un modèle pour des grèves similaires dans d’autres salons. Son issue, victorieuse, a permis de condamner les gérants pour traite d’êtres humains en 2018, des régularisations, des améliorations des conditions de travail et le versement des salaires. Toutefois, certaines, déjà uberisées et moins expérimentées dans la lutte syndicale, a peu gagné. La modernisation de la niche ethnique, de l’activité et de son image sur internet, et l’extension des services, autorisent l’espoir d’une normalisation des conditions de travail, d’une reconnaissance des compétences, et la poursuite de l’activité au retour en Chine, où le travail du care est en plein essor. Cette thèse explique les mobilités spatiales et sociales des travailleuses et met en évidence le coût humain de l’illégalité et les ressources que construisent les femmes migrantes précariséesChinese labor migration to France since the late 1990s has been marked by a process of feminization, but also of proletarianization. This thesis studies this migratory phenomenon through the cases of women working in the manicure sector in Paris and in the Paris region, and traces the emergence and expansion of an ethnic and gendered economic niche in the 2010s. From two to three people in the nail care market at the beginning of 2000, these women have grown to around 1,500 workers in the Paris region fifteen years later. Their presence, initially concentrated in a single Parisian district, has spread widely to other French regions, and even to other European countries. How did this expansion come about? Why do these women -working in extremely precarious conditions- still join this professional activity on a massive scale? Why do these mostly undocumented workers cut themselves off from the relative security of the traditional networks of Parisian Chinese enclaves, which enable the non-French-speaking migrants to live and work, even if they are undocumented? The present research is based on a statistical and ethnographic survey conducted between 2014 and 2020 among Chinese women recently arrived alone in France. In addition to examining the macro-structural context -the influence of social-economic and political changes that explain the feminization of Chinese emigration- this thesis favors a case-study approach and proposes an analysis of the configurations of these women’s trajectories. The formulation of questions on the imagination about transnational labor mobility and about France enabled us to reconstruct the formation of the migratory project of 89 manicurists working in France. The survey also enabled us to draw up three profiles: “abandoned former state workers”, “mobile precarious workers” and “professional migrants”. This typology provides a parallel account of the three waves of migration that occurred in quick succession in the 2000s, and which accompanied the emergence of the professional manicure niche. The thesis shows the ambivalent character of the “ethnic enclave”, which acts as a “sas”, but in which these women find themselves subjected to moral and financial indebtedness, inducing a rather restrictive social control. Initially finding employment and housing through the traditional networks of Chinese emigration, structured by the region of origin (laoxiang 老乡), these women manage to extricate themselves from these relationships through manicuring, while fighting on their own against the administrative difficulties posed by their undocumented status. Over time, they have built up a new network of women from different parts of China, working for non-Chinese employers. They also train each other, using a horizontal training and mutual aid system known as shituzhi, a system of companionship between “sisters” (jiemei 姐妹) that ensures a place in a nail salon and a high level of mastery of nail techniques, which is supposed to respond to fashion, which is constantly changing. The nail technicians' housing, often downgraded compared to their standard of living before emigration, nevertheless ensures a form of freedom outside of the social rules in China (guanxi 关系), and their frugal but well-organized life enables them, outside the judgments of Chinese society, to prepare for a better situation on their return to China. Nevertheless, these undocumented immigrant women, who work in an irregular administrative situation, are exposed to exploitation as cheap workers in the manicure niche. The story of a high-profile strike led by these women and supported by French unions, which later ended in a court case with a wide spread of demands for professional and migrants rights, enables us to highlight the agentivity and inventiveness of these precarious workers
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Gao, Ru. "Women's empowerment in translocal mobility and the globalised assembly line of low-end labour force (re)production: Chinese female migration in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research analyses the migration experiences of Chinese migrant women in Italy. It brings together these migrant women's internal mobility and international mobility experiences under the perspective of translocalism. The research sheds light on the empowerment process of these migrant women during their translocal mobility which embodies the interplay of the interactions between internal and international mobility and between social structures and personal agency. This study places the personal biography of these women in the context of the history of population mobility in China and from China to Italy and accentuates the role of the self and the local in the translocal mobility experiences of Chinese migrant women in Italy.
The analyses of the empirical chapters are linked by two threads. The first thread is the similarities and interconnections between the experiences of Chinese migrant women's internal mobility and international mobility. These similarities and interconnections are discussed in detail in relation to three mutually supporting, but not exhaustive, aspects of their translocal mobility: living adaptation, family reproduction and skills acquisition. Interlinked by these similarities and interconnections, Chinese migrant women's internal migration and international migration are analysed as two constituents of a globalised assembly line of labour force production that produces, reproduces and circulates labour forces from the migrant-sending localities to receiving localities. This assembly line transcends the geo-political borders and works on a much broader time scale, because it is constructed by the mobility of migrants of more than one generation. The forming and continuing of this assembly line abstracts and transcends the temporariness of individual migrants work and living experiences.
The second thread that links the analyses is the process through which Chinese migrant women tackle and resist intersectional disempowerment based on nationality, gender and, in most cases, class. Their empowerment process proceeds in parallel with the globalisation of capitalist production and population mobility but accentuates the self of the moving agents that is always in the making during interactions with the social structures that are embedded in the various localities. Moving from one locality to another, Chinese migrant women are interacting with the socially-embedded forms of ethnicisation, patriarchy and class exploitation. This new process of socialization during their translocal mobility creates new dynamics in their process of individuation and empowerment, de-naturalising the association between migrant women's self-identification as disempowered individuals and their social positioning before their arrival in the earlier stages of their life. These dynamics are substantiated in Chinese migrant women's agentic attempts at empowerment that include, but are not restricted to, searching for autonomy from patriarchal control, searching for labour power through mobility and bargaining in employment relations, developing an awareness of safeguarding labour rights through unionisation and taking care of the self, as well as other personal tactics to fight against the tendency for work to colonize the entire life of laboring subjects.
The analyses of this research are grounded on data collected with both qualitative and quantitative methods, including 65 in-depth interviewees, 4 cases of participant observations, 2 cases of ethnographic observations, as well as data mining and statistical analyses of other quantitative data.Questa ricerca analizza le esperienze delle donne migranti cinesi in Italia e incorpora le loro esperienze di mobilità interna e mobilità internazionale nella prospettiva del translocalismo. La ricerca indaga i processi di empowerment in atto durante la loro mobilità translocale (translocal mobility), attraverso l'analisi delle continue interazioni tra mobilità interna e internazionale, strutture sociali e agency personale. Questo studio colloca la biografia personale di queste donne all'interno della storia della mobilità della popolazione in Cina e dalla Cina all'Italia, accentuando il ruolo del self e del locale nelle esperienze di mobilità translocale. Le analisi dei capitoli empirici sono collegate da due threads. Il primo filo sono le somiglianze e le interconnessioni tra le esperienze di mobilità interna delle donne migranti cinesi e la loro mobilità internazionale dalla Cina all'Italia. Queste somiglianze e interconnessioni sono discusse in dettaglio in relazione a tre aspetti che coproducono, ma non esauriscono, l'esperienza della loro mobilità translocale: adattamento al floating living, riproduzione familiare e acquisizione di competenze. Messe in relazione attraverso queste somiglianze e interconnessioni, le loro esperienze di migrazione interna e internazionale sono analizzate come due componenti di una catena di montaggio globalizzata di produzione di forza lavoro che genera, riproduce e fa circolare la forza lavoro dai luoghi di origine alla destinazione. Questa catena di montaggio trascende i confini geopolitici e lavora su una scala temporale molto più ampia, perchè è costruita dalla mobilità dei migranti di più di una generazione. La creazione e il mantenimento di questa catena di montaggio sottrae la finitezza delle esperienze lavorative e di vita dei singoli migranti per ricomprenderle in un processo che le trascende. Il secondo filo che collega l'analisi è il processo attraverso il quale le donne migranti cinesi affrontano e resistono il disempowerment intersezionale dovuto alle disuguaglianze dovute alla nazionalità, al genere e, nella maggior parte dei casi, alla classe. Il loro processo di empowerment procede parallelamente alla globalizzazione della produzione capitalista e alla mobilità globale della popolazione, mettendo al centro il self di queste donne migranti, che è sempre in divenire rispetto alle interazioni con le strutture sociali che sono inscritte nei luoghi connessi dal loro movimento migratorio. Passando da un luogo all'altro, le donne migranti cinesi interagiscono con forme diverse di etnicizzazione, patriarcali e di sfruttamento di classe. Questo processo di socializzazione che avviene durante la mobilità translocale crea nuove dinamiche di individuazione, de-naturalizzando l'associazione immediata quali individui disempowered. Queste dinamiche sono attuate attraverso la ricerca di autonomia dal controllo patriarcale, la ricerca di potere contrattuale nella mobilità e la negoziazione nei rapporti di lavoro, lo sviluppo di una coscienza dei loro diritti e una conseguente sindacalizzazione, e pratiche di selfcare e altre tattiche per combattere la tendenza al lavoro a "colonizzare" l'intera vita dei lavoratori. Questa ricerca si avvale di dati raccolti con metodi qualitativi e quantitativi, tra cui 65 interviste in profondità, 4 occasioni di osservazioni partecipante, 2 occasioni di osservazioni etnografiche, nonchè data mining e altre analisi statistiche di dati quantitativi.
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Hirvonen, Lalaina. "Essays in empirical labour economics family background, gender and earnings /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Economics, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37073.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Härtill 3 uppsatser.
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PIRIU, ANDREEA ALEXANDRA. "ESSAYS ON GLOBALISATION: EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/728739.
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This thesis studies the effects of import competition from China and Eastern Europe
on the health and fertility decisions of German individuals working in manufacturing.
Individuals are matched with separate measures of exposure to competition from China
and Eastern Europe, respectively. To isolate exogenous supply shocks from the origin,
instrumental variables for competition from each of China and Eastern Europe are constructed.
Results in Chapter 1 suggest that higher import competition worsens individual health via
job displacement, wage decline, shortened employment duration, increased reliance on
welfare and less future orientation, with Chinese import competition affecting individuals
twice as much. Health declines as individuals increase their visits to the doctor, exercise
less frequently and have a higher probability of developing chronic illness. Also, there is
some evidence that individuals do not tend to become disabled but may be slowly pushed
into chronic illness.
Findings in Chapter 2 show that import competition negatively affects the individual’s
probability of having children via reduced earnings, lower satisfaction with personal
income and shortened employment duration. The chapter then investigates effects of
import exposure by gender. Results show that male and female fertility choices differ
upon rising import competition. Higher import exposure lowers female earnings and
job autonomy, which in turn generates a lower opportunity cost of work, to the point
where having children would become a more rewarding alternative for female workers.
By contrast, increased import exposure negatively affects male workers’ fertility through
reduced earnings and employment duration.
Книги з теми "Female labor mobility"
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Economics, Madras School of, ed. Female labour migration in India: Insights from NSSO data. Chennai, India: Madras School of Economics, 2006.
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2
Grunow, Daniela. Convergence, persistence, and diversity in male and female careers: Does context matter in an era of globalization? : a comparison of gendered employment mobility patterns in West Germany and Denmark. Opladen: Budrich Publishers, 2006.
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Baussola, Maurizio. The determinants of labour mobility in Italy: Male-female and intersector patterns. [s.l.]: typescript, 1987.
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Stark, Oded. Female labour mobility, skill acquisition and choice of labour markets: Theory and evidence from the Philippines. [Washington, DC]: Development Research Department, World Bank, 1987.
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5
Landman, Mattie Susan, and Neave O'Clery. The impact of the Employment Equity Act on female inter-industry labour mobility and the gender wage gap in South Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/809-2.
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Wagenaar, Hendrik, Helga Amesberger, and Sietske Altink. Understanding the policy field: migration, prostitution, trafficking and exploitation. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324249.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter Five proceeds from to the transnational character of prostitution and situates it in an analysis of labour migration and labour exploitation. Instead of projecting on the migrant sex worker the collective images that are driven by radical feminist and anti-immigrant ideology, we argue that is it more effective to take seriously what the sex workers told us over and over again: that the migrant sex worker’s self-understanding of prostitution is work, a discerning occupational choice in a situation in which thousands of female migrants find themselves worldwide. This reframing of prostitution as a legitimate occupation draws attention to the continuity of the situation of sex workers with that of other migrant groups, to the exploitative labour arrangements these new migrants encounter in the arrival country, to the third parties they mobilise to find housing and a work place and navigate immigration law, and to the negative effects – usually a breach of the human rights of (migrant) sex workers-of the very laws and regulations that are intended to support them. The authors explore six positive effects on prostitution policy by adopting a labour exploitation framework.
Частини книг з теми "Female labor mobility"
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Odynets, Svitlana. "Keeping It in the Family: Rotating Chains in Women’s Transnational Care Work Between Italy and Ukraine." In IMISCOE Research Series, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_3.
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AbstractMassive female labour migration from Ukraine to Italy has now been taking place for more than 20 years and shows no sign of diminishing. The analysis presented here is built on fieldwork conducted in Italy and Ukraine between 2012 and 2019 – from which four cases have been selected as the main focus and which demonstrate the new way in which female migrants circulate care across and within the borders. The main findings reflect the emergence of a new rotational system within migrants’ extended family, when women begin to substitute each other in both reproductive and productive work. It allows them not only to balance the distribution of care responsibilities in the families left behind but also to make way for gaining new capital from mobility for their female relatives. In this way, migrants can better control the ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ of care and, thus, increase their personal empowerment in transnational space. Care then becomes not only a commodity but also a resource for resolving identity crises and achieving increased personal agency.
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Roberts, Rosie. "‘Somehow I’m an Expat and He’s a Migrant’: Intersectional Identities, Multiple Migrations and Family Decision-Making Amongst Middling Migrant Couples." In IMISCOE Research Series, 139–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12503-4_7.
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AbstractThis chapter offers a critical reframing of how migration decision-making can shift between partners over time and space. Told through the lens of the female spouse within two heterosexual migrant couples, the chapter shows how experiences of mobility are not just shaped by individuals’ social positionality but also by the complex intersections between their classed, gendered, religious and racialised identities and that of their partners. The literature on middling migration has often been a story of male-led labour migration, with women occupying the status of the accompanying migrant. Less attention is paid to the experiences of migrant women, particularly those who first relocate on family or spousal visas but who seek to re-negotiate gender-differentiated career progression over time and through multiple relocations. Through a detailed biographical case study of two couples, this chapter seeks to capture the shifts in their trajectories, attachments and decision-making that occur spatially, temporally and relationally to show the diverse experiences and statuses that constitute the often-homogenised category of ‘the middle’.
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Ncube, Roselin, and Innocent Chirisa. "Female Entrepreneurship in Africa." In Handbook of Research on Women in Management and the Global Labor Market, 259–79. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9171-9.ch013.
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This chapter explores how female entrepreneurship is a growing phenomenon in Africa. Particularly, the chapter critically examines the use of the instrument of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) in as far as it has influenced business growth and social mobility across the region. The implications are that, largely, it is an instrument that gives agency towards achieving gender parity at business and household levels, respectively. In trying to answer pertinent questions, the study engages country-based case studies. The countries used include Botswana, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Cameroon. These have been chosen because of their differential demographic, political economies, ideological, and religious foundations. Some have experienced serious and tectonic macro-economic challenges which may have worked to cement or to destroy efforts in building female entrepreneurship let alone the utility of ROSCAs as a tool towards business stability and wealth building.
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"Dignity." In Men at Home, 111–32. Duke University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478060376-006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 5 turns to the lives of the working poor. Labor and education are central themes here. Labor, which women of all classes perform in the domestic world, is an all-consuming activity among the poor—inside the intimate circle of family, and beyond it. It is the only means of survival, and of possibly finding escape from the wretched conditions of birth and inheritance. In the late-colonial and postcolonial period, this labor is increasingly focused, among subordinated castes and classes, on the dream of education and freedom for future generations. The chapter investigates how the new striving for social mobility and self-respect affects Dalit domestic life in northern, central, and western India. It documents some opportunities that become available to male and female members of Dalit households, and shows at the same time what expectations and requirements remain in place or are even reinforced.
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Lessard, Bruno. "Bitter Money." In The Cinema of Wang Bing, 144–60. Hong Kong University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888805778.003.0009.
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Wang Bing’s Bitter Money addresses the current generation of rural migrant workers who move to the east coast to find employment in the textile and garment industry. Bitter Money makes spectators reflect on the new industries that allow China to be a key player in a globalized world. Coming from provinces where jobs are scarce, the migrant workers in Bitter Money seek a better future in Zhejiang Province, where they hope to find employment in small family-run workshops, which is an underrepresented aspect of the Chinese textile industry. Painting a picture of the changing labor conditions in twenty-first-century China, the chapter shows that Wang Bing focuses on social issues that reveal the spatial politics of migrant labor, which concerns mobility, labor exploitation, the dormitory labor regime, migrant subjectivity, and domestic violence. Wang Bing’s unexpected focus on a struggling migrant couple and domestic violence in Bitter Money reflects a concern about female migrant subjectivity, gender, and power that had not been present to such an extent in his previous films.
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Iyer, Usha. "Introduction." In Dancing Women, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190938734.003.0001.
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The Introduction sets up the primary analytic frameworks of this book, plotting, through the opening example of the spectacular dance number, “Muqabla humse na karo,” issues of labor, collaboration, and technology that film dance activates. Through attention to gesture, movement vocabulary, training, fame, and erasure, this chapter posits the need for a corporeal history of Hindi cinema that is peopled by many laboring bodies. Such a history takes into account acclaimed and invisibilized performers and celebrates a range of dancing women as co-choreographers of female mobility. The Introduction also provides a brief history of dance in pre-playback Hindi film, and a historical account of responses to the cine-corporeal transformations wrought by dance in Indian cinema.
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FAUVE-CHAMOUX, ANTOINETTE. "URBAN POPULATION AND FEMALE LABOUR:." In Migration, Mobility and Modernization, 119–30. Liverpool University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjf7z.10.
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Oppong, René Wéry With Christine. ".Household Labour Allocation and Mobility in Times of Crisis." In Population and Poverty in the Developing World, 161–88. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198293002.003.0010.
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Abstract This chapter is concerned with a variety of ‘coping mechanisms’ adopted to combat poverty at the household or individual level. Two related types of adaptation are dealt with: geographical mobility (temporary and permanent) and the changes in volume, types, distribution, and allocations of household labour. A major theme is the fact that the globalization of the world’s economy, has affected the international divisions of labour. Several dramatic changes have taken place in labour markets with regard to the roles played by female as well as male workers. One has been the increasing feminization of labour force and employment. Whilst recorded female labour force participation rates have been rising, in many cases those for men are on the decline. At the same time, more people than ever before are now on the move, both inside and across national borders, in search of work and less harsh living conditions. This global mobility and dispersal is affecting the residential patterns of kin, spouses, parents, and children and changing the traditional divisions of labour between the sexes and age groups.
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Payne, Geoff. "The new mobility regime." In The New Social Mobility. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447310662.003.0009.
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Data from the most recent survey are used to explore occupational class (NS-SeC) distributions, and intergenerational absolute and relative mobility flows between seven origins and seven destinations. While acknowledging the challenges in conceptualising and operationalising women’s social class, this evidence suggests broad similarities but clear, specific differences between male and female mobility. Mobility rates continue to be high overall, but with limited access to Class 1 (professionals and managers), in particular for women; limited escape from Class 7 (routine operatives); and a distinctive pattern for Class 4 (self-employed). The gender variations, arising from the gendered labour market, are related to gender differences in occupational transition. Evaluation of trends has to cautious, but no evidence of a reduction in mobility rates is found, and downward mobility seems to be increasing.
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Fauve-chamoux, Antoinette. "Urban Population and Female Labour: the Fortunes of Women Workers in Rheims before the Industrial Revolution." In Migration, Mobility and Modernization, 119–30. Liverpool University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/upo9781846313578.006.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Female labor mobility"
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Nikore, Mitali, Manvika Gupta, Poorva Prabhu, and Vidhi Narang. "India’s Missing Working Women: How COVID-19 Pushed Women out of Formal Labour Markets." In 12th Women's Leadership and Empowerment Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/wlec.2021.004.
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Abstract India’s women were disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 induced lockdowns and economic disruptions. Recent high frequency data demonstrates that that women suffered massive job and income losses. In December 2020, nine months into the lockdown, there were still 11.5 million fewer persons in the labour force vs. December 2019, 4 million men and 7.5 million women. The overall size of the labour force shrunk by 2.6% between December 2019 to December 2020, yet the size of the female labour force shrunk by 14%, vs. 1% for men. Women faced stricter mobility restrictions, limiting their access to workplaces. Across income strata, women’s unpaid domestic responsibilities increased, with some estimates showing a 30% increase in carework, leaving them little time for seeking renumerated employment. Gender digital divides worsened, leaving women without access to digital business and online education, increasingly important in a post-COVID-19 economy. Most importantly, women faced the scourge of the shadow pandemic of domestic violence, rendering them insecure and unable to work. Despite being one of the world’s fastest growing emerging economies, only a quarter of Indian women were in the labour force even pre- COVID-19. Analysis of time series data over the last five decades (1970-2018), shows that women’s labour force and workforce participation rates have secularly declined to their lowest levels since Independence. Given this disparate impact of COVID-19, in the absence of targeted policy interventions designed to support retention and promote women’s workforce participation, women are likely to continue being excluded from India’s spectacular growth story. Keywords: Women, labour force, wage gaps, India, post-COVID-19 recovery
Звіти організацій з теми "Female labor mobility"
1
Novella, Rafael, David S. Kaplan, Claudia Vazquez, and Graciana Rucci. Training Vouchers and Labor Market Outcomes in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011685.
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This paper evaluates the impact of the Bono Trabajador Activo, a training voucher program in Chile, on workers' labor market outcomes. Using detailed administrative datasets of the National Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance System, we apply difference-in-difference and IV estimators to measure these effects. Our main results indicate that the voucher program has an overall negative impact on employment and earnings, particularly among individuals who expect to change economic sector. In contrast, we find that the program improves labor outcomes for females, particularly for those with lower education. The voucher program also improves employment duration and mobility across economic sectors.
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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida, Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama, Leonardo Fabio Morales, Juan José Ospina--Tejeiro, and José Pulido. Is the Covid-19 Pandemic Fast-Tracking Automation in Developing Countries? Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1209.
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This paper assesses whether the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated automation in developing countries. We studied the case of Colombia, a country with low R&D and productivity and with high labor informality and unemployment. We estimated event-study models to assess the differential effect of the pandemic on job openings and salaried employment by the potential degree of automation of each occupation. Our results suggest that both vacancies and salaried employment fell more in highly automatable occupations during the pandemic and have since experienced a slower recovery. The effect of the pandemic on automation is mostly driven by sectors that were affected by mobility restrictions. We also found heterogeneous effects by age and gender. The acceleration of automation is mainly affecting the labor market for females and individuals over the age of 40. Finally, we explored the differential effect on occupations with wages around the minimum wage. We found that occupations with wages close to the minimum wage exhibit the highest effect, especially at the onset of the pandemic.