Дисертації: "FEM non lineare"

1

Ulfberg, Adrian. "Probabilistic non-linear finite element analysis of concrete buttress dams." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72701.

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Assessment of concrete buttress dams today consists of using analytical methods to investigate the stability in different failure modes. However, they simplify the problem at hand and neglect certain important features linked to geometry and thus not truthfully appraise the structures real stability. This could be economically costly in assessments of both existing dam structures as this would eventually lead to unwarranted rehabilitation. The same can be said for dams under design. Kalhovd dam is a concrete buttress dam that has recently undergone assessment where certain sections proved unstable in either failure mode. This study focused specifically on a buttress, numbered 49, of said dam which was deemed in the assessment to be unstable in the overturning and sliding failure mode. The methodology used was to assess and compare stability for different methods of calculation, meaning analytical versus numerical analysis. The numerical analysis was performed with two-dimensional finite element analyses in a commercial FEM-software called ATENA which focuses on reinforced concrete structures. The numerical models made, were then probabilistically analysed by randomizing various material parameters to see their effect on stability. Some FEA models discarded the conventional way of modelling loads, as required by standards, to more realistically portray load actions on dams based on historical measurement. Results from this study showed dissimilarity of stability for buttress 49 depending on which method of analysis was performed. Analytical methods proved to yield the most conservative results and concluded the structure unsafe, while including an accurate representation of the geometry in FEA models improved the stability such that it can be considered stable against load actions stated in guidelines. Furthermore, material parameters randomized in the probabilistic analysis substantiated that various concrete variables had relatively little effect on structural overall strength in the most common failure modes.

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2

Marchionni, Elianires. "Valutazione del rischio sismico di un edificio strategico destinato a sede della di.coma.c di Parma." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Una delle principali prerogative nell’ambito della protezione civile è lo studio e l’analisi del rischio sismico. Non è possibile prevedere tali eventi né tanto meno evitare che si verifichino, tutto ciò che si può fare e garantire una sicurezza adeguata e ridurre considerevolmente il fattore di rischio. La pianificazione dell’emergenza rappresenta una delle strategie principali per mitigare gli effetti di un evento sismico. Il seguente lavoro svolge un analisi in ambito lineare dinamico e in ambito statico non lineare valutando le zone di criticità e gli indici di rischio sismico di un edificio intelaiato in c.a. la modellazione dell'edificio ha previsto un analisi storico-critica dell'opera al fine di garantire un fattore di confidenza ed un livello di dettaglio tali da permettere un riscontro significativo sulle valutazioni desunte. L’edificio è stato progettato utilizzando come normativa di riferimento il Decreto del Ministro dei lavori Pubblici 16 gennaio 1996 “Norme tecniche per le costruzioni in zone sismiche”, assumendo come parametri di progetto un grado di sismicità S = 9 e un coefficiente di protezione sismica I = 1.4 (valido per le opere la cui resistenza al sisma è di importanza primaria per le necessità della protezione civile). Come precedentemente anticipato, l’edificio è già stato analizzato e sviluppato con un modello agli elementi finiti, la sua capacità sismica è stata valutata in ambito elastico lineare tramite un’analisi modale con spettro di risposta sia normativo proposto dalle NTC2008 che con spettro di risposta sismico locale realizzato ad hoc per l’edificio.

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3

Teklemariam, Daniel Mekonnen, and Bennie Hamunzala. "Design of Thick Concrete Beams : Using Non-Linear FEM." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189141.

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The experimental studies performed on the behaviour of very thick concrete beams subjected to static loads have revealed that the shear mechanisms play an important role in the overall response and failure behaviour. The aim of this thesis is to recommend suitable design methods for thick concrete beams subjected to off-centre static concentrated load according Eurocode 2 by using non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA). To achieve this task, Abaqus/Explicit has been used by employing constitutive material models to capture the material non-linearity and stiffness degradation of concrete. Concrete damaged plasticity model and perfect plasticity model has been used for concrete and steel respectively. Three dilation angles (30º, 38º and 45º) and fracture energy from FIB 1990 (76 N/m) and FIB 2010 (142 N/m) has been used to investigate their influence on the finite element model. The dilation angle of 38º and FIB 2010 fracture energy was adopted as the suitable choice that reasonably matched with the experimental results. In verifying and calibrating the finite element model, the experimental results of the thick reinforced concrete beam conducted by the American Concrete Institute have been used. Three design approaches in the ultimate and serviceability limit state according to Eurocode 2 recommendations have been used namely; the beam method, strut and tie method and shell element method. Using the reinforcement detailing of the hand calculations of beam method and strut and tie method and linear finite element analysis of shell element method, non-linear finite element models have been pre-processed and analysed in Abaqus/Explicit. During the post-processing, the results have been interpreted and compared between the three design methods. The results under consideration are hand-calculated load at 0.3 mm crack width, FE-load at 0.3 mm crack width, amount of reinforcement and FE-failure load. The comparison of the results between the three design approaches (beam method, strut and tie method and shell element method) indicates that strut and tie method is better design approach, because it is relatively economic with regards to the quantity of reinforcement bars, has the higher load capacity and has a higher load at crack width of 0.3 mm crack width.
De experimentella studier som utförts på tjocka betongbalkar som utsätts för statisk last har visat att skjuvning spelar en viktig roll i brottmekanismen. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att rekommendera lämpliga dimensioneringsmetoder för tjock betongbalkar utsatt for statisk koncentrerad last enligt Eurokod 2 med hjälp av ickelinjära finita element metod. Abaqus/Explicit användes genom att utnyttja konstitutiva materialmodeller för att fånga materialens icke-linjäritet och minskad styvhet. Tre dilatationsvinklar (30°, 38° och 45°) och två brottenergi från FIB 1990 (76 N/m) och FIB 2010 (142 N/m) tillämpas för att kontrollera deras inverkan på FE-modellerna. Dilatationsvinkel med 38° och FIB 2010 med högre brottenergi valdes i de icke-linjära finita elementanalyserna. Kontroll av FE-modellerna är baserad på ”American Concret Institutes” experimentella resultat på de tjocka betongbalkarna. Handberäkningar av tjocka betongbalkar har utförts i brott- och bruksgränstillstånd med tre dimensioneringsmetoder i Eurokod 2 nämligen balk metoden, fackverksmetoden och linjära-FE skalelementmetoden. Jämförelse har gjorts för de olika dimensioneringsmetoderna, genom att använda de armeringsdetaljer av handberäkningar i de verifierade och kalibrerade icke linjära FE-modellerna i Abaqus/Explicit. Resultaten i fråga är last för 0.3 mm handberäknad sprikvidd, FE-last för 0.3 mm sprikvidd, armeringsmängd och FE-brottlast. Jämförelse av resultaten mellan de tre dimensioneringsmetoder (balkmetod, fackverksmetod och skalelementmetod) visar att fackverksmetod är bättre design metod, eftersom det är relativt ekonomiskt med avseende på armeringsmängd, har högre lastkapacitet och last på 0.3 mm sprickvidd.

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4

Glänzel, Janine. "Kurzvorstellung der 3D-FEM Software SPC-PM3AdH-XX." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900211.

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In diesem Preprint wird die Weiterentwicklung der 3D-FEM Software SPC-PM3Adh-XX kurz vorgestellt. Die Einleitung beschreibt schematisch den Ablauf des Programms und sechs Programmversionen. Weiterhin werden die allgemeinen Bedienungsanleitungen und die Funktionalität der einzelnen Versionen aufgeführt. Im letzten Abschnitt, dem Anhang, werden kurz das Standardfile und das Radiale Basisfunktionen-Datenfile erklärt.

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5

Teich, Martin. "Non-linear THz spectroscopy in semiconductor quantum structures." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154595.

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In this thesis the strong coupling of excitons with intense THz radiation in GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum wells (MQW) and the strong coupling of electrons to phonons in InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) are investigated. Experimental studies in the field of non-linear terahertz (THz) spectroscopy were carried out using the narrowband THz emission of a free-electron laser (FEL). In the first part intra-excitonic transitions are pumped with intense THz radiation. The THz-pump–near-infrared(NIR)-probe experiments are analysed focusing on the behaviour of the Autler-Townes (AT) splittings with increasing THz field strength. Furthermore measurements of the temperature dependence up to room temperature are discussed. With the help of a microscopic theory the contribution of higher lying intra-excitonic states to the lineshape and splitting of the heavy-hole absorption line is analysed at low temperatures. The second part is about the lifetime and dephasing time of polarons in InAs/GaAs QDs that was measured for inter-sublevel excitation in the THz spectral region (below the Reststrahlen band). Single electrons inside QDs strongly interact with phonons and form quasi-particles called polarons. The temperature dependence of the dephasing behavior and the contribution of pure dephasing is discussed.

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6

Lee, Chun Hung. "Non-Linear Contact Analysis of Meshing Gears." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/236.

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Gear transmission systems are considered one of the critical aspects of vibration analysis, and it contains various potential faults such as misalignment, cracks, and noise. Therefore, it requires vibration monitoring to ensure the system is operating properly. Case mounted accelerometers are frequently used to monitor frequencies in a system. However, it is not a simple task to identify and interpret the acceleration data since there are many gear mesh frequencies present. One of the approaches utilized by researchers to perform gear diagnostic is Finite Element Modeling. This study focuses on stiffness cycle and meshing stiffness of non-linear quasi-static finite element modeling. The comparisons of meshing stiffness will concentrate on the type of elements, the integration methods, the meshing quality, plane stress and plane strain analysis, sensitivity of model tolerance, and crack modeling. The results show that the FEA approach is extremely sensitive to tolerance, mesh density, and element choice. Also, the results indicate that a complete sensitivity and convergence studies should be carried out for a satisfactory stiffness match.

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7

Zhou, Zhengming. "Non-linear elastic modelling of coupled deformation, heat, air and moisture transfer in unsaturated soil." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360637.

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8

Pablos, Rabano Alejandro. "Modeling of a PMSynRel stator with concentrated windings using FEM and non-linear reluctance networks." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124543.

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Permanent magnets synchronous reluctance (PMSynRel) motors are attractive due to their high torque density and because a lower quantity of permanent magnets is necessary in comparison with other permanent magnet machines. This thesis deals with the analysis of PMSynRel machines using a finite element method (FEM) and reluctance networks. First, a PMSynRel machine model is built in order to carry out simulations using a finite element method package. The effect of different design parameters such as the combination of the number of poles and slots, the number of flux barriers or the number of magnets can be studied since the implementation provides the possibility to change those variables. Next, a reluctance networks model, aimed to enable lower computation times than corresponding finite element models, is implemented for analysing the flux density distributions along the air gap of the machine disregarding the magnetic influence of the rotor. Finally, the results are compared with FEM simulations. It is concluded that the agreement reached is satisfactory in most of the cases analysed.

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9

Dichev, Kiril. "Performanceanalyse und -optimierung der Gleichungslösung eines bestehenden Strukturmechanik-FEM-Programms für den Tunnelbau." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-27002.

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10

Polidori, Andrea. "Analisi numerica non lineare di un nodo trave colonna in conglomerato cementizio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2623/.

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11

Silva, Wagner Queiroz. "Análise não linear geométrica do acoplamento solo-estrutura através da combinação MEC-MEF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-10032010-104324/.

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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma formulação alternativa para o acoplamento entre o método dos elementos de contorno (MEC) e o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) para análise não linear geométrica de estruturas reticuladas ligadas a meios contínuos bidimensionais heterogêneos, aplicado a problemas de interação solo-estrutura. O solo foi considerado com comportamento elástico linear e modelado via MEC por meio de uma formulação alternativa à clássica técnica de sub-região permitindo a consideração de múltiplas inclusões mais ou menos rígidas do que o material padrão e de linhas de carga internas aos domínios. Este código foi então acoplado ao programa AcadFrame, baseado no MEF posicional para análise não linear geométrica de pórticos com consideração de cinemática exata. O acoplamento numérico foi realizado por meio de uma formulação algébrica onde a matriz de rigidez do solo e a força de contato são condensadas e somadas à matriz e ao vetor de forças internas da estrutura a cada iteração no processo de Newton-Raphson. Em ambos os programas foi utilizada uma generalização do grau de aproximação dos elementos através dos polinômios de Lagrange, o que permite a utilização de elementos curvos de alta ordem. Foi utilizada ainda a técnica dos mínimos quadrados para reduzir as oscilações de forças de superfície no contato. Os resultados obtidos de forma geral são bastante satisfatórios e comprovam a eficiência da formulação. O trabalho permite a análise de problemas de edificações apoiadas sobre solos estratificados com múltiplas inclusões e linhas de carga. Permite tanto a análise de elementos apoiados diretamente sobre o solo (sapatas, radies) quanto de elementos internos e em qualquer direção, como no caso de estacas verticais ou inclinadas. Pode-se inclusive considerar as estacas passando por diferentes camadas de solo. A aplicação pode ser estendida ainda a outros problemas elásticos, acoplamento entre peças mecânicas e análise de materiais compostos.
This work presents an alternative coupling of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) to create a computer program for non linear geometric analysis of frames coupled to continuous domains, applied to soil-structure interaction. A linear elastic behavior is considered for the soil, modeled by BEM. An alternative formulation is adopted for the classic sub-region technique, allowing the consideration of multiple inclusions and load lines inside the soil domain. The BEM computational code is coupled to the AcadFrame software, based on positional FEM for non linear geometric analysis of frames, considering exact kinematics. The numerical coupling is made by an algebraic formulation where the soil stiffness matrix and contact forces are condensed and added to the structure matrix and internal forces for each iteration on Newton-Raphson process. On both programs it is adopted a generalization of the element degree assuming the Lagrange polynomials, which allows the use of curved high order elements. It was also implemented the least square method in order to obtains better and smoother results of surface forces in the contact interface. The obtained results are satisfactory and prove the formulation efficiency. The program allows the analysis of buildings supported by layered soils with multiples inclusions and load lines. It considers directly supported elements over the soil (footing foundations, radies) and internal elements in any direction, like vertical and diagonal piles. It can also consider piles going through different layers of the soil. This formulation can be applied to other elastic problems like coupling between mechanic pieces and composite material analysis.

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Butcher, Kent. "Concurrent engineering approach to complete non-linear FEA of an aircraft wheel's lock-ring." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49611/.

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This thesis presents a new finite element analysis (FEA) method for calculating the critical stress in an aircraft wheel’s lock-ring. The lock-ring is used on many modern designs in place of the bolts that join the two main sections of the wheel. The lock-ring is a safety critical component of the wheel as a failure could lead to an explosive release of tyre pressure. The stress field in this wheel forms a fatigue cycle as the wheel rotates when the aircraft manoeuvres on the ground. The stress field at the critical location on the lock-ring is strongly dependent on the contacting surfaces of three structural components of the wheel: the main hub, the lock-ring and the freeflange. Until completion of this work no method existed to calculate the fatigue stress cycle at this design critical location. Modern wheel designs, to minimise aircraft weight and therefore fuel use, are of minimum weight designs. This means that the aluminium material in the latest wheel designs is subjected to greater stress than in previous designs, therefore the ‘margin of safety’ for the wheels is reduced. It is important that methods are developed to calculate the stress in all regions of the wheel, including the lock-ring. Lock-ring wheel designs were originally used on military aircraft and more recently they have become common on business jet aircraft. Very recently the feasibility of their use on large commercial aircraft that carry upwards of 100 passengers is being considered. The operating environment on large commercial aircraft is very harsh for wheels and the methodology developed in this work is required to correctly assess the use of these wheels in this harsh and safety critical environment. The calculation method is compared against physical test data measured on two wheels using strain gauges. The wheels, with tyres installed, were loaded and rolled on a road wheel dynamometer to simulate aircraft ground manoeuvres. Measuring the critical location is difficult as access to it is limited; it had not been measured before. The measured data are used to verify the new FEA method. The new FEA method was developed with the potential for use by both a nonspecialist engineer and use in a modern Concurrent Engineering environment as requirements. The FEA is linked directly to the CATIA 3D computer aided design (CAD) model, using CADNexus software. This link is made in such a way that a modification to the design, once included in the CAD model, can be easily and automatically followed by an update to the FEA. The FEA requires solution of a non-linear model because contact between three structural components is critical and therefore must be modelled in detail. The general perception in industry is that non-linear FEA is a complex subject and must be undertaken by an experienced FEA specialist – this work provides strong supportive evidence to contradict this general perception. The FEA itself is implemented using ANSYS® Workbench software. The new analysis method, including the model set-up parameters is stored in an analysis template. This analysis template effectively captures the knowledge of a specialist FEA engineer so that it can be used, for design purposes, by a non-special engineer. The final FEA method is useful not only to non-specialist engineers but also, because the specialist knowledge is contained within the ANSYS® Workbench template, for outsourcing this structural analysis work to lower cost economies. The works creates a new FEA method of specific use to manufactures and designers of weight optimised aerospace wheels. Furthermore, in a more general context, it demonstrates that even complex non-linear FEA can be defined within knowledge capturing templates. This makes it accessible to engineers without specialist expertise with FEA. Empowering the design engineer to structurally optimise their own designs will lead to leaner design teams, which will consequently reduce development costs. The new method can be competed as part of a Concurrent Engineering process. This is advantageous as it can expedite the design process, therefore allowing FEA results to be available early enough in the programme to be made use of.

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13

Jonsson, Karl. "Two Problems in non-linear PDE’s with Phase Transitions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223562.

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This thesis is in the field of non-linear partial differential equations (PDE), focusing on problems which show some type of phase-transition. A single phase Hele-Shaw flow models a Newtoninan fluid which is being injected in the space between two narrowly separated parallel planes. The time evolution of the space that the fluid occupies can be modelled by a semi-linear PDE. This is a problem within the field of free boundary problems. In the multi-phase problem we consider the time-evolution of a system of phases which interact according to the principle that the joint boundary which emerges when two phases meet is fixed for all future times. The problem is handled by introducing a parameterized equation which is regularized and penalized. The penalization is non-local in time and tracks the history of the system, penalizing the joint support of two different phases in space-time. The main result in the first paper is the existence theory of a weak solution to the parameterized equations in a Bochner space using the implicit function theorem. The family of solutions to the parameterized problem is uniformly bounded allowing us to extract a weakly convergent subsequence for the case when the penalization tends to infinity. The second problem deals with a parameterized highly oscillatory quasi-linear elliptic equation in divergence form. As the regularization parameter tends to zero the equation gets a jump in the conductivity which occur at the level set of a locally periodic function, the obstacle. As the oscillations in the problem data increases the solution to the equation experiences high frequency jumps in the conductivity, resulting in the corresponding solutions showing an effective global behaviour. The global behavior is related to the so called homogenized solution. We show that the parameterized equation has a weak solution in a Sobolev space and derive bounds on the solutions used in the analysis for the case when the regularization is lost. Surprisingly, the limiting problem in this case includes an extra term describing the interaction between the solution and the obstacle, not appearing in the case when obstacle is the zero level-set. The oscillatory nature of the problem makes standard numerical algorithms computationally expensive, since the global domain needs to be resolved on the micro scale. We develop a multi scale method for this problem based on the heterogeneous multiscale method (HMM) framework and using a finite element (FE) approach to capture the macroscopic variations of the solutions at a significantly lower cost. We numerically investigate the effect of the obstacle on the homogenized solution, finding empirical proof that certain choices of obstacles make the limiting problem have a form structurally different from that of the parameterized problem.

QC 20180222

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14

Ren, Honghao. "Experimental and numerical analysis of orthotropic deformations of wood using Finite Strain Theory (large deformations) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) in 2D." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104778.

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This thesis involves the derivation of a constitutive model under large deformationtheory using Updated Lagrange method applied on an orthotropic material.Thefollowing aspects are included in this thesis work: introduction, theory, FEM implementation, derivation of constitutive model, calibration, result, discussion, conclusion and the future work. This thesis studies the deformation behavior of wood, which is widely used as aconstruction material, in an advanced and more detailed way by analyzing the mechanical properties of wood from both, the application in laboratory and theoreticalcalculation under large deformation theory. A non-linear elastic constitutive model is proposed, derived and calibrated using asimple inverse analysis procedure. The calibration process was performed to identify8 constitutive parameters A1 − A8 of the constitutive model by performing inverseanalysis against relevant experimental data acquired using the Aramis system. Theresults in the comparison were extracted from the specimen when it is both intangential orientation and radial orientation. The project work will be dedicated to the development of a Finite Element Method(FEM) code implemented in MATLAB scripts which was directly used to study themechanical properties of the orthotropic wood material when hyper-elastic behavioris assumed. The results will contain three parts: 1) study of the influence of pith location onthe load required to deform the specimen specimen, 2) reaction force comparisonof the model results against experimental results, and, 3) comparison of the GreenLagrangian strain pattern over the specimen between the experimental data and themodel’s results.

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15

Vaněčková, Adéla. "Implicitní a explicitní metoda v nelineární dynamice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265572.

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The final thesis „Explicit and Implicit methods in nonlinear dynamics“ deals with the issue of geometrical and physical nonlinear analysis of structures exposed to seismic loading by the methods of direct integration of equations of motion. Solution by the explicit and the implicit method is compared for three material models. While the differences between the results of the explicit method and the implicit Newmark method are small as expected, the differences are substantial between the results of different material models. However, these differences are explained and they are in full concordance with the theoretical assumptions for the pertinent material models. The conclusion of the final thesis is check of correctness of the results of the new module of the program system RFEM for both tested numerical methods and all three analyzed material models. (linear elastic, plastic Drucker-Prager and the Mazars damage model). With sufficient precision of results, both explicit and implicit numerical methods showed to be suitable for seismic analysis. The implicit method can provide several times faster calculation than the explicit one, but the determination of the optimal time step is problematic and time consuming, so the suitability of use of both methods for seismic analysis is comparable.

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16

Desai, D. A. "Comparative non-linear simulation of temperature profiles induced in an exhaust manifold during cold-starting." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/549.

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Published Article
The simulation of an exhaust manifold's thermal behaviour is an important concern for various reasons. Amongst them is the need to minimise catalyst light-offtime as significant exhaust emissions are generated within this period. Modelling such behaviour is not simplistic as it is governed by complex interactions between exhaust gas flow and the manifold itself. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for such simulations. However its applicability for transient simulations is limited by high central processing unit (CPU) demands. The present study proposes an alternative computational method to assess and rank the relative impact of the manifold's thermal properties on its exterior temperature. The results show that stainless steel manifolds potentially minimise heat loss from the exhaust gas when compared with their cast iron counterparts. This may result in an increase in thermal energy being available to heat the catalyst.

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Selli, Nicola. "Static and seismic analysis of a historic masonry building in San Pio delle Camere." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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In February 2021, in San Pio delle Camere, on the Navelli plateau south-east of L'Aquila, a masonry building collapsed suddenly, after repair work had just begun on the damage caused by the 2009 earthquake. The current study, after a detailed examination of all the design documentation and the comparison of the post-earthquake damage with the results of the analysis on the model, finding an excellent correspondence, went to research the possible causes of the structural collapse, which occurred in static conditions. The masonry texture was then analysed, consisting of unworked natural stones of medium-small size bound by poor quality mortar, parameterising the mechanical characteristics with in situ tests, the Masonry Quality Index and the values proposed in NTC 2018. Then, the analysis of the global model lead to the verification of the complexity of the aggregate induced greater pressures, and consequent deformations, precisely in the walls from which the collapse originated. With these assumptions, and from the evidence of the presence of a modest void in an internal facing, the study of the local mechanism was deepened, arriving at the presumption of the possible minimum dimensions of such a cavity and how this, even if minimal, could have been the cause if concomitant with the degradation of the bonding mortar induced by the absence of maintenance and the loss of even minimal resistance capacities.

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Di, Fabrizio Vincenzo. "Modellazione e analisi non lineare del degrado artificiale di un prototipo di edificio in muratura in scala reale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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La tesi pone l’attenzione sulla modellazione di un edificio in muratura da sottoporre a prove di laboratorio. In particolare, sono state eseguite analisi modali e non lineari per determinare l’influenza sugli elementi in muratura di alcune forme di degrado imposte, quali sovraccarichi, grado di ammorsamento della muratura, assenza di tiranti e cedimento differenziale della fondazione. I risultati ottenuti attraverso le analisi modali mostrano una notevole riduzione della rigidezza del sistema. Il cedimento differenziale imposto porta ad una concentrazione dello stato tensionale nelle fasce di piano in prossimità delle aperture.

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19

Kohestani, Tamim, and Ali Zeaiter. "FE based method for simulation of rock-loading on a truck." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18274.

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Volvos trucks are used to carry boulders of varying sizes from different mining sites or construction sites. These boulders are loaded onto the dumper of the truck by a wheel-loader which drops the boulders from various heights causing an impulse like force which distributes throughout the frame and to the rest of the truck. Depending on the size and what height the boulders are being dropped from, the distributed forces can cause damage to important parts of the truck. An experiment done by Volvo has shown that a two-ton weight dropped from 3.5 meters caused some truck components to crack, such as flywheel housing. Since this is alerting and it is costly to do the experiment on all trucks that Volvo manufactures it is our objective to come up with a method based on Finite Element which would evaluate the rock loading case. By using ANSA as the pre-processor which helps set up the model before running a simulation, and Nastran and LS-DYNA as the FEM solvers, a result was obtained that is somewhat comparable with the measurements. In the Nastran model, no non-linearities such as contact were considered, while in LS-DYNA nonlinear contact between the weight and the dumper body was defined, which improved the results considerably. The key conclusion from the two results was that the contact definition used in LS-DYNA is necessary if accurate results are important. Since LS-DYNA uses an explicit numerical method the model can be made more complicated by including more nonlinearities in the model and it would not affect the computation to much or at all. Hence the method would be future proof.

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20

Gulavani, Omkar Vitthal. "Non-linear finite element analysis led design of a novel aircraft seat against certification specifications (CS 25.561)." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8352.

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Seeking to quench airliners’ unending thirst for lightweight, reliable and more comfortable seating solutions, designers are developing a new generation of slim economy – class seats. Challenge in front of the designers is to carve out additional “living space”, as well as to give a “lie – flat” experience to air travellers with strict adherence to safety regulations. Present research tries to address all these industry needs through an innovative and novel “Sleep Seat”. A generous angle of recline (40 degree), movement of “Seat Pan” along the gradient, fixed outer shell of backrest, and unique single “Forward Beam” design distinguishes “Sleep Seat” form current generation seats. It is an ultralightweight design weighing 8kg (typical seat weight is 11kg). It satisfies “Generic Requirements (GR2)” which ensures “Comfort in Air”. It will be a “16g” seat, means it can sustain the “Emergency landing” loads as specified by “Certification Specifications (CS 25.561 and CS 25.562)”. For present research, only CS 25.561 has been considered. Since, the design of “Sleep Seat” is still in its conceptual phase, it is not possible to build the prototypes and their physical testing, due to costs and time involved. “Finite Element Analysis (FEA)” is a useful tool to predict the response of the structure when subjected to real life loads. Hence, the aim of research being undertaken is to develop a detailed FE model of the complete seat structure, which will help designers to identify potential weak areas and to compare different design concepts virtually, thereby reducing the development cycle time. In order to avoid handling of large number of design variables; major load carrying members (called Primary Load Path) i.e. Forward beam and leg; are designed for the most critical “Forward 9g” loads; using FEA results as a basis. A robust framework to verify the FEA results is developed. “Sequential Model Development Approach”; which builds the final, detailed FE model starting from preliminary model (by continuously updating the FE model by addition of details that are backed up by pilot studies); resulted in a FE model which could predict the stress induced in each of the components for applied CS 25.561 loads along with “Seat Interface Loads”. The “Interface Load” is the force exerted by the seat design on the floor and is one of the main contributing factors in seat design. “Optistruct” is used as a solver for linear static FEA, whereas “Abaqus / Standard” is used for non-linear FEA. Stepwise methodologies for mesh sensitivity study, modelling of bolt-preload, representing bolted joint in FEA, preventing rigid body motion, and obtaining a converged solution for non-linear FEA are developed during this research. Free-Shape Optimisation is used to arrive at a final design of Seat-leg. All the findings and steps taken during this are well documented in this report. Finally, a detailed FE model (involving all the three non-linearities : Contact, material and geometric) of the complete seat structure was analysed for the loads taken from CS 25.561, and it was found that design of “Forward beam” and leg are safe against CS 25.561. Therefore, all the aims and objectives outlined for this research were accomplished. For future work, first area to look for, would be validation of present FEA results by experimental testing. FE model to simulate dynamic loads CS 25.562 can be developed followed by design improvements and optimisation.

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21

Yan, Charlotte. "Vaildation of nonlinear FE-simulation for design improvement." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-114592.

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The aim of the project is to develop a model, which is going to be used for mass reduction of a standard profile of aluminium seat rails in Aircraft structure. Using nonlinear analysis including plasticity and material failure laws the effect of changes in geometry vs. ultimate load is analysed (ABAQUS 6.11). First, the non-linear model used is validated with experimental testing: Boundary conditions and material properties are adjusted based on load displacement curves, strain gauges information and failure patterns. Less than 1% deviation is achieved between simulation and testing. An inclusion of material imperfection led to a 5% improvement of the results. Using the validated algorithm, a mass reduction is performed via geometry variation
Ziel der Studie ist es ein adäquates Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, welches zur Gewichtsreduzierung einer Standardprofil Aluminium Sitzschiene im Flugzeug verwendet werden kann. In einer nichtlinearen Analyse unter Berücksichtigung der Plastizität des Materials und von Materialfehlern wird die Auswirkung der Geometrieänderungen auf die maximale Traglast analysiert (ABAQUS 6.11). Zunächst wird das nicht-lineare Modell mit experimentell ermittelten Daten überprüft: Randbedingungen und Materialeigenschaften werden basierend auf Lastverschiebungskurven, Informationen von Dehnungsmessstreifen und Versagensmustern angepasst. Dabei wurden weniger als 1% Abweichung zwischen Simulation und Test erzielt. Die Berücksichtigung von Materialfehlern führte zu einer 5%-igen Verbesserung der Ergebnisse. Mit dem validierten Modell wird abschließend eine Gewichtsreduzierung mittels Geometrievariation durchgeführt

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22

Jakel, Roland. "Lineare und nichtlineare Analyse hochdynamischer Einschlagvorgänge mit Creo Simulate und Abaqus/Explicit." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-171812.

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Der Vortrag beschreibt wie sich mittels der unterschiedlichen Berechnungsverfahren zur Lösung dynamischer Strukturpobleme der Einschlag eines idealisierten Bruchstücks in eine Schutzwand berechnen lässt. Dies wird mittels zweier kommerzieller FEM-Programme beschrieben: a.) Creo Simulate nutzt zur Lösung die Methode der modalen Superposition, d.h., es können nur lineare dynamische Systeme mit rein modaler Dämpfung berechnet werden. Kontakt zwischen zwei Bauteilen lässt sich damit nicht erfassen. Die unbekannte Kraft-Zeit-Funktion des Einschlagvorganges muss also geeignet abgeschätzt und als äußere Last auf die Schutzwand aufgebracht werden. Je dynamischer der Einschlagvorgang, desto eher wird der Gültigkeitsbereich des zugrunde liegenden linearen Modells verlassen. b.) Abaqus/Explicit nutzt ein direktes Zeitintegrationsverfahren zur schrittweisen Lösung der zugrunde liegenden Differentialgleichung, die keine tangentiale Steifigkeitsmatrix benötigt. Damit können sowohl Materialnichtlinearitäten als auch Kontakt geeignet erfasst und damit die Kraft-Zeit-Funktion des Einschlages ermittelt werden. Auch bei extrem hochdynamischen Vorgängen liefert diese Methode ein gutes Ergebnis. Es müssen dafür jedoch weit mehr Werkstoffdaten bekannt sein, um das nichtlineare elasto-plastische Materialverhalten mit Schädigungseffekten korrekt zu beschreiben. Die Schwierigkeiten der Werkstoffdatenbestimmung werden in den Grundlagen erläutert
The presentation describes how to analyze the impact of an idealized fragment into a stell protective panel with different dynamic analysis methods. Two different commercial Finite Element codes are used for this: a.) Creo Simulate: This code uses the method of modal superposition for analyzing the dynamic response of linear dynamic systems. Therefore, only modal damping and no contact can be used. The unknown force-vs.-time curve of the impact event cannot be computed, but must be assumed and applied as external force to the steel protective panel. As more dynamic the impact, as sooner the range of validity of the underlying linear model is left. b.) Abaqus/Explicit: This code uses a direct integration method for an incremental (step by step) solution of the underlying differential equation, which does not need a tangential stiffness matrix. In this way, matieral nonlinearities as well as contact can be obtained as one result of the FEM analysis. Even for extremely high-dynamic impacts, good results can be obtained. But, the nonlinear elasto-plastic material behavior with damage initiation and damage evolution must be characterized with a lot of effort. The principal difficulties of the material characterization are described

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23

Simeitis, Sven D. "Vergleich von Simulationen mittels Pro/MECHANICA und ANSYS." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-68443.

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Анотація:

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist es, Simulationsergebnisse von Pro/MECHANICA und ANSYS zu vergleichen, um somit einen Hinweis auf die Qualität der Berechnungsergebnisse von integrierten FEM-Systemen zu bekommen. Als Beispiele dienen verschiedene Bauteile aus dem Gebiet der Strukturmechanik (linear-elastischer Bereich), welche mit Pro/MECHANICA und ANSYS modelliert und berechnet werden. Abschließend erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung der Daten aus FEM und analytischer Rechnung, sowie eine Bewertung der Ergebnisse.

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24

Singh, Subrat, and Shreedhara Sreehari Veditherakal. "CAE modelling of cast aluminium in automotive structures." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162190.

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In the automobile industry, there is a big push for the automotive car manufacturers to base engineering decisions on the results of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) solutions, and to transform the prototyping and testing, from a costly iterative process to a final verification and validation step. The variability in components material properties and environmental conditions together with the lack of knowledge about the underlying physics of complex systems often make it impractical to make reliable predictions based on only deterministic CAE models. One such area is the CAE modelling of cast aluminium components. These cast aluminium components have gained a huge relevance in the automobile industries due to their commendable mechanical properties. The advantage of the cast aluminium alloys are being a well-established alloy system in manufacturing processes, their functional integrity and relatively low weight. However, the presence of pores and micro-voids obtained during the manufacturing process constitutes a specific material behaviour and establishes a challenge in modelling of the cast materials. Furthermore, the low ductility of the materialdemands for the advanced numerical model to predict the failure. The main focus of this master thesis work is to investigate modelling technique of a cast aluminium alloy component, a spring tower, for a drop tower test and validate the predicted behaviour with the physical test results. Volvo Car Corporation currently uses a material model provided by MATFEM for cast aluminium parts which are explored in this thesis work, to validate the material model for component level testing. The methodology used to achieve this objective was to develop a boundary condition to perform component level tests in the drop tower and to correlate these with the obtained results found by using various modelling techniques in the explicit solver LS-DYNA. Therefore, precise and realistic modelling of the drop tower is crucial because the simulation results can be influenced by major design changes. A detailed finite element model for the spring tower has been developed from the observations made during the physical testing. The refined model showed good agreement with the existing model for the spring tower and observations from physical tests.

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25

Pham, Anh Tu. "Détermination numérique des propriétés de résistance de roches argileuses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1237/document.

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Les capacités de résistance de l'argilite Callovo-Oxfordian (COx), qui est une roche hôte potentielle pour le dépôt souterrain profond de déchets radioactifs de haute activité en France, sont étudiées. À une échelle microscopique, des micros pores peuvent être observés dans la matrice. Une première étape d'homogénéisation a été réalisée afin d'évaluer le critère de résistance de la matrice. L'analyse microstructurale de ce matériau à quelques centaines d'échelle, référencée échelle échelle mésoscopique, montre une matrice argileuse et une distribution aléatoire d'inclusions minérales (quartz et calcite).Dans le but de déterminer le domaine de résistance à l'argilite COx, un premier outil numérique a été développé dans le contexte du comportement élastoplastique de la matrice. Plusieurs modèles morphologiques du volume élémentaire représentatif ont été considérés, et soumis à un chargement incrémental dans des conditions périodiques jusqu'à la charge limite. A la suite de ce calcul élastoplastique, un point de la frontière du domaine de résistance est obtenu. Ce dernier est alors obtenu par des calculs élastoplastiques successifs.Une alternative aux simulations élastoplastique directes, des approches cinématiques et statiques du calcul à la rupture sont réalisées. Une méthode du type éléments finis basée sur la construction d'un champ de contrainte (dans l'approche statique) et d'un champ de vitesse (dans l'approche cinématique) est développé dans un outil numérique permettant de calculer une limite inférieure et une limite supérieure de domaine de résistance
The strength capacities of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite which is a potential host rock for the deep underground repository of high-level radioactive waste in France are investigated. At a micro-scale, micro-pores can be observed in the matrix. A first strength homogenization step has been performed in order to evaluate the matrix strength criteria. The microstructure analysis of this material at some hundreds of micromet scale, referred at meso-scale, shows a clay matrix and a random distribution of mineral inclusions (quartz and calcite).Aiming to the determination of COx argillite strength domain, an FEM numerical tool has been developed in the context of the elastoplastic behavior of the matrix. Several morphological patterns of the representative elementary volume have been considered and subjected to an incremental loading in periodic conditions until collapse occurs. As a result of such elastoplastic calculation, one point of the boundary of the strength domain is obtained. The latter then could be reached by successive elastoplastic calculations.As an alternative to direct elastoplastic simulations, kinematic and static approaches of limit analysis are performed. The stress-based (static approach) and the velocity-based (kinematic approach) finite element method are used to develop a numerical tool able to derive a lower bound and upper bound of strength domain, respectively

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26

Virgulto, Giorgio. "Valutazione delle potenzialità del BIM per analisi di loss assessment sismico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Obiettivo del presente lavoro di Tesi sarà quello di integrare e semplificare la valutazione delle perdite sismiche in accordo con la normativa FEMA P-58 con la metodologia del Building Information Modeling. La FEMA P-58 è la normativa di riferimento per la valutazione delle perdite indotte su un edificio da un evento sismico (loss assessment) proponendo una metodologia in grado di quantificare le prestazioni dell’edificio in termini di vittime, costi di riparazione, tempi di riparazione e impatto ambientale. La metodologia BIM consente di generare un modello virtuale contenente le informazioni utili dell’edificio, relative all'intero ciclo di vita, dalla progettazione sino alla gestione. Dato che entrambe le tematiche sono recenti, il materiale presente in letteratura che affronta l’unione delle metodologie è scarso, ma ha fornito interessanti spunti per la scelta dei software e per integrare e completare tali studi. Per testare la fattibilità di integrazione tra la procedura BIM e la FEMA P-58, si è scelto come caso di studio un edificio in calcestruzzo armato. Il modello BIM è stato realizzato su Revit2019, quello strutturale su SAP2000 e quello prestazionale sismico su PACT. Per scambiare i dati tra i diversi software si è utilizzato un plugin che sfrutta i fogli di lavoro Excel. Sono descritti i parametri e i dati di input utilizzati per la modellazione. Inoltre, sono presentati i risultati forniti dal PACT e quelli implementati in Revit, in termini di stato di danno e di costi di riparazione. Nelle conclusioni sono evidenziati i vantaggi dell’impiego del BIM nelle fasi di modellazione, analisi prestazionale e visualizzazione dei risultati nella procedura di loss assessment. Infine, sono suggeriti possibili sviluppi futuri per migliorare ed integrare il presente lavoro di Tesi.

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27

Shamass, Rabee. "Numerical and analytical investigation into the plastic buckling paradox for metal cylinders." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14235.

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It is widely accepted that, for many buckling problems of plates and shells in the plastic range, the flow theory of plasticity either fails to predict buckling or significantly overestimates buckling stresses and strains, while the deformation theory, which fails to capture important aspects of the underlying physics of plastic deformation, provides results that are more in line with experimental findings and is therefore generally recommended for use in practical applications. This thesis aims to contribute further understanding of the reasons behind the seeming differences between the predictions provided by these two theories, and therefore provide some explanation of this so-called ‘plastic buckling paradox’. The study focuses on circular cylindrical shells subjected to either axial compression or non-proportional loading, the latter consisting of combined axial tensile stress and increasing external pressure. In these two cases, geometrically nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses for perfect and imperfect cylinders are conducted using both the flow and the deformation theories of plasticity, and the numerical results are compared with data from widely cited physical tests and with analytical results. The plastic buckling pressures for cylinders subjected to non-proportional loading, with various combinations of boundary conditions, tensile stresses, material properties and cylinder’s geometries, are also obtained with the help of the differential quadrature method (DQM). These results are compared with those obtained using the code BOSOR5 and with nonlinear FE results obtained using both the flow and deformation theories of plasticity. It is found that, contrary to common belief, by using a geometrically nonlinear FE formulation with carefully determined and validated constitutive laws, very good agreement between numerical and test results can be obtained in the case of the physically more sound flow theory of plasticity. The reason for the ‘plastic buckling paradox’ appears to be the over-constrained kinematics assumed in many analytical and numerical treatments, such as BOSOR5 and NAPAS, whereby a harmonic buckling shape in the circumferential direction is prescribed.

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El, Kass Moustafa. "Nanocristaux optiquement non linéaires pour des applications en imagerie biologique : synthèse et caractérisations d'iodate de fer en microémulsions." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678462.

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Анотація:

Le développement de nanomatériaux à propriétés optiques et fonctionnalisés pour un marquage spécifique est en plein essor dans le domaine de l'imagerie biologique. Parmi les agents de contraste exogènes déjà utilisés, les marqueurs fluorescents tels que les nanocristaux semi-conducteurs (CdSe/ZnS,...) et les molécules organiques naturelles (GFP,...) ou synthétiques (fluorescéine,...) souffrent respectivement de clignotements (blinking) et de photo-blanchiment (bleaching) c'est-à-dire d'une faible tenue au rayonnement lumineux incident. Récemment, la microscopie de Génération de Second Harmonique (GSH) à partir de structures non-centrosymétriques de certains matériaux ou molécules optiquement non linéaires (ONL), s'est révélée un outil particulièrement prometteur. Les inconvénients du clignotement et du photo-blanchiment sont en effet absents pour le processus non linéaire de GSH. De plus, le principe de fonctionnement des marqueurs ONL repose sur un processus non résonant, contrairement aux marqueurs fluorescents, ce qui est un avantage décisif pour le choix de la longueur d'onde d'excitation des nanosondes. Pour des illuminations dans le proche infrarouge, cela permet de limiter l'énergie déposée dans le milieu biologique, d'augmenter la profondeur d'imagerie et enfin de bien séparer spectralement les signaux des marqueurs ONL de l'auto-fluorescence naturelle de certains échantillons. Notre objectif, dans ce contexte, était la synthèse et la caractérisation de nouvelles nanosondes ONL de forme sphérique et de taille inférieure à 100nm. Le matériau de structure cristalline non centrosymétrique retenu est l'iodate de fer (Fe(IO3)3) car ses éléments chimiques sont peu toxiques et que ses propriétés paramagnétiques peuvent également donner un contraste en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) ce qui est potentiellement intéressant par rapport à d'autres cristaux ONL tels que ZnO, KNbO3, BaTiO3 et KTP. D'un point de vue synthèse, les microémulsions inverses sont bien référencées dans la littérature pour leur rôle de gabarit permettant un bon contrôle de la taille et de la morphologie des nanomatériaux obtenus par co-précipitation. Dans ce travail, les nano-réacteurs ont été préparés à partir des systèmes AOT/alcane/eau et Triton/1-hexanol/cyclohexane/eau. De manière très originale et pratique, le développement d'un banc optique de diffusion Hyper-Rayleigh (HRS) a permis de suivre in-situ et en temps réel les cinétiques de cristallisation des nanoparticules de Fe(IO3)3 en fonction de conditions expérimentales variables. Les mécanismes de croissance et de cristallisation des nano-bâtonnets de Fe(IO3)3 ont été élucidés en combinant d'autres techniques physico-chimiques usuelles comme la diffraction des rayons X, la diffusion dynamique de la lumière et la microscopie électronique en transmission. Nous avons démontré que la température et la nature du tensioactif influencent les forces d'interaction à l'interface organique-inorganique ce qui permet, pour certaines conditions expérimentales, de réduire la taille et la polydispersité des nanocristaux en fin de processus. Toutefois, avant d'envisager l'utilisation de ces derniers en tant que marqueurs optiques spécifiques, il est nécessaire d'encapsuler ces nanocristaux en raison de la faible stabilité du composé aux pH physiologiques. Les premiers essais de stabilisation en microémulsions par une couche de silice ont permis d'obtenir des nanoparticules de taille ~ 10 nm avec une forte réponse ONL. La caractérisation complète et la fonctionnalisation de ces nanostructures ainsi qu'une optimisation des interactions à l'interface particules - films de tensioactifs constituent les perspectives de ce travail.

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Ferrari, Rosalba (ORCID:0000-0002-3989-713X). "An elastoplastic finite element formulation for the structural analysis of Truss frames with application to ha historical iron arch bridge." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/28959.

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This doctoral thesis presents a structural analysis of the Paderno d’Adda Bridge, an impressive iron arch viaduct built in 1889 and located in Lombardia region (Italy). The thesis falls in the context of a research activity started at University of Bergamo since 2005, that is still ongoing and aims to perform an evaluation of the present state of conservation of the bridge. In fact, the bridge is currently still in service and its important position in the context of transport network will soon lead to questions about its future destination, with particular attention to the evaluation of the residual performance capacity. To this end, an inelastic structural analysis of the Paderno d’Adda bridge has been performed, up to failure. This analysis has been conducted through an autonomous computer code of a 3D frame structure that runs in the MATLAB environment and has been developed within the classical frame of Limit Analysis and Theory of Plasticity. The algorithm has been developed applying the “exact” and stepwise holonomic step-by-step analysis method. It has shown very much able to track the limit structural behaviour of the bridge, by reaching convergence with smooth runs up to the true limit load and corresponding collapse displacements. The main characteristic ingredients of its elastoplastic FEM formulation are: beam finite elements; perfectly plastic joints (as an extension of classical plastic hinges); piece-wise linear yield domains; “exact” time integration. In the algorithm, the following original features have been implemented: treatment of mutual connections by static condensation and Gaussian elimination; determination of the tangent stiffness formulation through Gaussian elimination. These peculiar contributions are presented in detail in this thesis.

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30

Makhlouf, Heba. "Essais virtuels pour l'industrie du meuble." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1164.

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Le travail s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre le Pôle Ameublement FCBA et le Laboratoire MSME de l’UPEM. L’objectif était de mettre au point un outil de simulation permettant à FCBA de mener une étude de validation (tenue aux tests normalisés) avant la fabrication du meuble. Ce travail était supporté par les fonds collectifs de la profession ameublement. Il a donné lieu à des développements dans le domaine de l’identification du comportement anisotrope du bois par analyse d’images couplée à la méthode des éléments finis, d’une approche multi-échelle pour identifier le comportement des liens entre éléments de meuble et d’un programme éléments finis utilisant l’approche « poutres » pour réaliser une étude statistique du comportement du meuble prenant en compte la dispersion du comportement du bois. Chaque étape a été validée expérimentalement. La simulation par éléments finis s’est focalisée sur une application « lits superposées en bois massif » pour laquelle un code à base de poutres a été développé dans l’environnement Matlab afin de pouvoir y implanter :• une théorie élastique anisotrope via des poutres de Timoshenko pour prendre en compte l’effet des déformations dues aux faibles rigidités transversales du bois en regard de la rigidité longitudinale ;• des éléments de connexion ponctuels représentant la contribution des composants de quincaillerie (vis, écrou noyé, tourillon…) et les effets locaux 3D aux liaisons entre poutres ;• la possibilité de prendre en compte les incertitudes sur les paramètres matériau d’une poutre à l’autre en fonction de l’orientation des planches, de la densité du bois etc… via une simulation de Monte-Carlo
The work joins within the framework of a collaboration between the Pole Furnishing FCBA and the Laboratory MSME of the UPEM. The objective was to finalize(to work out) a tool of simulation allowing FCBA to lead a study of validation (held the normalized(standardized) tests) before the manufacturing of the piece of furniture

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31

Denimal, Enora. "Prédiction des instabilités de frottement par méta-modélisation et approches fréquentielles : Application au crissement de frein automobile." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC039/document.

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Le crissement de frein est une nuisance sonore qui représente des coûts importants pour l'industrie automobile. Il tire son origine dans des phénomènes complexes à l'interface frottante entre les plaquettes de frein et le disque. L'analyse de stabilité reste aujourd'hui la méthode privilégiée dans l'industrie pour prédire la stabilité d'un système de frein malgré ses aspects sur- et sous-prédictifs.Afin de construire un système de frein robuste, il est nécessaire de trouver la technologie qui permette de limiter les instabilités malgré certains paramètres incertains présents dans le système. Ainsi, l'un des objectifs de la thèse est de développer une méthode permettant de traiter et de propager l'incertitude et la variabilité de certains paramètres dans le modèle éléments finis de frein avec des coûts numériques abordables.Dans un premier temps, l'influence d'un premier groupe de paramètres correspondant à des contacts internes au système a été étudiée afin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes physiques mis en jeu et leurs impacts sur le phénomène de crissement. Une approche basée sur l'utilisation d'un algorithme génétique a été également mise en place afin d'identifier le jeu de paramètres le plus défavorable en terme de propension au crissement sur le système.Dans un second temps, différentes méthodes de méta-modélisation ont été proposées afin de prédire la stabilité du système de frein en fonction de différents paramètres qui peuvent être des paramètres de conception ou des paramètres incertains liés à l'environnement du système.Dans un troisième temps, une méthode d'analyse non-linéaire complémentaire de l'analyse de stabilité a été proposée et développée. Elle se base sur le suivi de la stabilité d'une solution vibratoire approchée et permet d'identifier les modes instables présents dans la réponse dynamique du système. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur un modèle simple avant d'illustrer sa faisabilité sur le modèle éléments finis de frein complet
Brake squeal is a noise nuisance that represents significant costs for the automotive industry. It originates from complex phenomena at the frictional interface between the brake pads and the disc. The stability analysis remains the preferred method in the industry today to predict the stability of a brake system despite its over- and under-predictive aspects.In order to build a robust brake system, it is necessary to find the technology that limits instabilities despite some uncertain parameters present in the system. Thus, one of the main objectives of the PhD thesis is to develop a method to treat and propagate the uncertainty and variability of some parameters in the finite element brake model with reasonable numerical costs.First, the influence of a first group of parameters corresponding to contacts within the system was studied in order to better understand the physical phenomena involved and their impacts on the squealing phenomenon. An approach based on the use of a genetic algorithm has also been implemented to identify the most unfavourable set of parameters in terms of squeal propensity on the brake system.In a second step, different meta-modelling methods were proposed to predict the stability of the brake system with respect to different parameters that may be design parameters or uncertain parameters related to the environment of the brake system.In a third step, a non-linear analysis method complementary to the stability analysis was proposed and developed. It is based on the tracking of the stability of an approximate vibrational solution and allows the identification of unstable modes present in the dynamic response of the system. This method was applied to a simple academic model before demonstrating its feasibility on the complete industrial brake finite element model under study

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32

Wahlstrand, Björn. "Wave Transport and Chaos in Two-Dimensional Cavities." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16492.

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This thesis focuses on chaotic stationary waves, both quantum mechanical and classical. In particular we study different statistical properties regarding thesewaves, such as energy transport, intensity (or density) and stress tensor components. Also, the methods used to model these waves are investigated, and somelimitations and specialities are pointed out.

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Almeida, Valério da Silva. "Análise da interação solo não-homogêneo/estrutura via acoplamento MEC/MEF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-31032016-094320/.

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O estudo do comportamento mecânico do complexo sistema advindo da interação entre solo/subestrutura/superestrutura é o tema do trabalho. Neste contexto, a representação do maciço é feita usando-se o método dos elementos de contorno (MEC) em abordagem 3D, de maneira que se possa simular o maciço com características mecânicas não-homogêneas, além de se considerar uma camada de apoio indeslocável a distâncias prescritas a priori e condição de aderência perfeita. A subestrutura também é representada via MEC tridimensional, a qual está imersa dentro deste meio heterogêneo. A infra e a superestrutura são modeladas empregando o método dos elementos finitos (MEF), com o uso de elementos estruturais reticulares e elementos laminares. São apresentados alguns exemplos em que se valida a formulação e outros que demonstram a potencialidade e a necessidade de se empregar a formulação para a melhor análise do complexo fenômeno em estudo. Por fim, demonstra-se a obrigatoriedade de se otimizar a formulação, empregando-se duas grandes ferramentas numéricas: o paralelismo e o emprego de um adequado método de resolução de sistemas esparsos.
The analysis of the soil-structure system interaction is a vast field of interest in the area of civil engineering. A realistic representation of its behaviour. Thus, in the present research, the soil is considered a non-homogeneous continuum supported by a rigid and adhesive interface and modelled by boundary element method via Kelvin solution in 3D space. The foundation is also modelled by this above-mentioned modelling technique. The raft foundation and the superstructure are represented by finite shell and 3D frame elements. In order to estimate the accuracy and the potentiality of the proposed numerical formulation, some examples are validated when compared to similar approaches, and others simulations are presented to stress the necessity of coupling the non-homogeneous soil-foundation-radier-superstructure system as a whole. Finally, to acquire numerical time efficiency, it is shown that it is imperative to apply parallel processing and sparse techniques for the solution of the final system.

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Löffelmann, František. "Návrh přední časti trupu letounu TL-4000 a zástavby motoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231166.

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The thesis solves mounting of Continental IO-55ON to four-seat all composite aeroplane. Weight analysis of weights carried by engine mounting was done and loads of mounting and nose gear attached directly to mounting was computed according to CS-23 regulation. Mounting was designed based on affordable information about similar aeroplanes and it was sized due to Nastran/Patran system strength analysis. Further reinforcing of fire wall, engine covers and forms for their manufacture was suggested.

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Rusková, Miroslava. "Elektromagnetický rezonátor jako zdroj elektrické energie na železniční trati." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378736.

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The aim of the diploma thesis was to design an electromagnetic generator to the purpose of supplying signalling and safety devices on the rail tracks. The electromagnetic generator is a separate electrical source, which is mainly needed for safety in the case of not covered tracks by electrical installation. The thesis proposes two types of electromagnetic generator and one with non-linear stiffness, which are designed for the passage of trains with low frequency.

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Jindra, Daniel. "Stanovení požární odolnosti konstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392030.

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Possibilities of modeling non-linear behavior of concrete within standard room temperatures and increased fire-load values using FEM software ANSYS are studied. Temperature dependences of material models are considered. Fire resistance of reinforced concrete and concrete-steel composite construction is analyzed. Fire loads are defined in accordance with relevant standards. Non-linear structural transient analyses are calculated after temperatures were determined by transient thermal analyses. Results obtained from analyses of simple reinforced concrete structure are compared with approach of isotherm 500 °C method.

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Yahiaoui, Mohamed. "ETUDE DU DIAGRAMME DE PHASE ET DU COMPORTEMENT VERRE DE SPIN DU SYSTEME ISOLANT DILUE FexMg1-xBr2." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0014.

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Etude par mesures de susceptibilite magnetique et d'aimantation du systeme du titre. Ce compose stratifie est un systeme d'ising 3d. On etudie le diagramme de phase et on met un comportement de verre de spin. Pour x=0,72, les mesures montrent l'importance du comportement reentrant. L'analyse du comportement critique pour x=0,35 est analyse par l'etude de l'aimantation non lineaire. Mise en evidence d'une transition de phase. Valeur des exposants critiques. On compare ensuite le comportement avec celui des systemes bidimensionnels d'ising

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38

Ramirez, Villalba Leidy catherine. "Towards an efficient modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0029.

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Les applications industrielles FSI se caractérisent par des géométries et des matériaux complexes. Afin de prédire avec précision leur comportement, des coûts de calcul élevés sont associés, à la fois en temps et en ressources informatiques. Pour améliorer la qualité de la prédiction sans pénaliser le temps de calcul, et pour réduire le temps de calcul sans impacter la précision disponible aujourd'hui, deux axes principaux sont explorés dans ce travail. Le premier est l'étude d'un algorithme asynchrone qui pourrait permettre l'utilisation de modèles structurels complexes. Le second consiste à étudier la méthode des tranches en combinant l'utilisation d'un modèle RANS et d'un modèle FEM non linéaire. D'une part, l'étude de l'asynchronicité dans le domaine FSI a révélé différents aspect d'intérêt qui doivent être approfondis avant que l'approche puisse être utilisée industriellement. Cependant, un premier traitement des points mentionnés ci-dessus a montré des signe d'amélioration qui pourraient conduire à un algorithme prometteur, qui se situe naturellement entre l'algorithme explicite et l'algorithme implicite. D'autre part, il a été montré que la méthode des tranches développée dans ce travail conduit à une réduction significative du temps de calcul sans dégradation de la précision
FSI industrial applications are often described by complex geometries and materials. In order to accurately predict their behavior, high computational costs are associated, both in time and in computational resources. To improve the quality of the prediction without penalizing the computational time, and to reduce the computational time without impacting the accuracy that is available today, two main axes are explored in this work. The first one is the study of an asynchronous algorithm that could allow the use of complex structural models. The second axis consists of the study of the strip method while combining the use of a RANS model and a non-linear FEM model. On the one hand, the study of asynchronicity in the FSI domain revealed different aspects of interest that must be addressed before the approach can be used industrially. However, a first treatment of the limitations found showed signs of an improvement that could lead to a promising algorithm, one that naturally lies between the implicit external algorithm and the implicit internal algorithm. On the other hand, it was shown that the strip method developed in this work achieves a significant reduction in calculation time while maintaining excellent accuracy

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Debbou, Mustapha. "Modélisation et commande d'un système innovant pour la propulsion navale." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0028.

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Les travaux menés durant cette thèse s'intéressent principalement aux avantages que peut offrir la machine asynchrone à double alimentation (MADA) dans un système de propulsion navale. Ceci est obtenu à travers les degrés de libertés additionnels qu'elle apporte, d'une part, par l'exploitation de la redondance structurelle naturelle, et d'autre part , par les stratégies de contrôle qui lui sont appliquées. La première partie de ce mémoire, présente la modélisation du propulseur innovant. Ce dernier est conçu principalement autour de la MADA comme moteur de propulsion. Il est alimenté par deux onduleurs de tension à Modulation de Largeur d'Impulsion (MLI), et entrainant une hélice à trois pales fixes et symétriques. Plusieurs stratégies de commande ont été introduites pour piloter le système. En effet, des lois de contrôle de type linéaires et non linéaires, associées à des divers modulateurs MLI ont été validées et appliquées à cette structure de propulsion. L'innovation apportée dans le cadre de ces travaux consiste à associer à l'optimisation par conception (machine et convertisseurs d'alimentation), une optimisation par la commande et ce en évaluant l'influence de ces techniques pour deux critères de dimensionnement majeurs, à savoir, les pertes dans les convertisseurs de puissances, et les bruits acoustiques et vibratoires. La propulsion navale, comme tout système embarqué, possède des exigences en matière de qualité de service non seulement en termes de performances mais aussi de fiabilité et de disponibilité. En effet, les systèmes conçus pour ce type d'application doivent assurer et garantir une continuité de service en cas d'apparition de défauts au sein des constituants du système. L'utilisation de la MADA dans les systèmes de propulsion offre une redondance structurelle naturelle et analytique, introduite par la commande, qui permet d'assurer une continuité de service du système en présence d'une défaillance dans la structure. Deux défauts sont ainsi considérés dans cette étude, un défaut de semi-conducteur de puissance dans le convertisseur de puissance et un défaut de capteur vitesse/position. Les stratégies de contrôle proposées, les modèles de propulseur établis ainsi que les reconfigurations adoptées suite aux défauts ont été validées expérimentalement sur les bancs développés au LAPLACE dans le cadre de ces travaux
This study focuses on the benefits that can be induced by the use of the Double Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) operating in motor mode for marine propulsion systems. It can be achieved by the additional degree of freedom it provides, firstly, by exploiting the natural structural redundancy, and secondly, by the alytical redundancy introduced by applied control strategies. The first part of this thesis presents the modeling of a propeller architected mainly around the DFIM and its load such as a propeller with three fixed and symmetrical blades. Several control strategies have been introduced to control the system, in fact, linear and nonlinear control laws type associated with various modulators have been validated and applied to the propulsion structure. The objective was to evaluate the influence of these techniques for two major design criteria, namely, losses in power converters, and noise and vibration noise. Naval propulsion as any embedded system has requirements for the quality of service not only in performance but also reliability and availability. Indeed, the systems designed for these types of applications must ensure and guarantee continuity of service in response to the failures in system components. The use of MADA in propulsion systems provides a natural structural and analytical redundancies which ensure system service continuity in the presence of a fault in this structure. Two faults are considered in this study, a power semiconductor fault in the power converter and a speed sensor / position failure. Control strategies proposed, the propeller modeling established and reconfigurations adopted following settings have been validated by simulation and experimentally on the real laboratory or industrial benches developed in the context of this study

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40

Baldanza, Chiara. "Modellazione di dettaglio di un sistema innovativo di rinforzo esterno per il miglioramento sismico degli edifici senza interruzione d’uso." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20722/.

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Lo scopo della tesi è quello di ideare e validare un sistema innovativo di rinforzo esterno dei fabbricati basato sull’utilizzo di casseforme coibentanti in polistirene con armature metalliche integrate, getti di calcestruzzo e relativi sistemi di collegamento alle strutture portanti dell’edificio esistente. Il vantaggio nell’utilizzo di queste tecnologie risiede principalmente nella possibilità di messa in opera del rinforzo per fasi successive senza una significativa interruzione d’uso della costruzione e con tempi di messa in opera relativamente ridotti. In particolare, il tema della tesi riguarda la modellazione numerica di dettaglio a supporto della fase di sviluppo della tecnologia. Nell’elaborato si approfondisce il comportamento di un singolo modulo rappresentativo del rinforzo in modo tale da prevedere i possibili esiti delle sperimentazioni in laboratorio. Lo studio del modulo comprende delle analisi statiche lineari, atte a individuare la geometria più efficiente, gli elementi strutturalmente rilevanti e la rigidezza del modulo in campo elastico. I risultati ottenuti servono inoltre da supporto e da controllo per le analisi statiche non lineari per materiale svolte successivamente che hanno lo scopo di individuare i meccanismi resistenti che si generano in campo plastico e le conseguenti riserve di resistenza del modulo. Infine, vengono effettuate delle analisi lineari di buckling tramite le quali si vuole valutare se il modulo può risentire di effetti del secondo ordine in campo elastico e come questi si possono manifestare. Il sistema di miglioramento sismico Timesafe si presenta quindi come una soluzione molto versatile sia costruttivamente, in quanto applicabile indistintamente a strutture in muratura e in calcestruzzo armato, sia strutturalmente. Essa infatti, può essere concepita come una struttura di rinforzo puramente a telaio o come una struttura più complessa in cui considerare anche il contributo irrigidente della parete di completamento.

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Pecorella, Daniele. "Methodology for the design and optimization of a morphing wing droop-nose structure for greener aircraft." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Droop-Nose Leading Edge (DNLE) morphing wings are one of the most promising devices in order to achieve aerodynamic drag and noise reduction during take-off and landing phases. An accurate design of these structures could lead to the decrease of aircraft fuel consumption in the perspective of reaching a greener aviation, following the objectives indicated by Flightpath 2050 issued by the E.U. However, due to the challenges related to the realization of this technology and TRL reached, DNLE are more likely implemented in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for testing and evaluation purposes. In the present study, an optimization methodology for the DNLE composite laminate skin and morphing mechanism structure is proposed and applied to a study case represented by the UAS-S45 aircraft. The work starts from the morphing leading edge structure developed by the LARCASE laboratory at ETS Montreal. The results showed that by means of the optimization strategy adopted, the force required on the actuator mechanism is 88% lower than the original design. A significant improvement on the profile smoothness along its section and in the spanwise direction in morphing conditions has been obtained too. However, further investigations are still needed in order to achieve a more appropriate morphing shape. Despite this, it appears from the results obtained that the proposed methodology can be useful to tackle the DNLE design problem in an effective and efficient way. What developed in this work has been conceived to support the investigation of DNLE in the small leading edge profiles typical of the UAS. In this way, an easier procedure for the set up of the design flow, and a decrease in the computational effort for the optimization process can be obtained. An experimental validation of the results obtained is currently being performed at ETS, and future development regards the assessment of the errors of the numeric procedure herein presented respect to real data.

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Jakel, Roland. "Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität in Creo Simulate - Theorie und Anwendung." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-87141.

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Der Vortrag beschreibt die Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität sowie die softwaretechnische Anwendung mit dem FEM-Programm Creo Simulate bzw. Pro/MECHANICA von PTC. Der erste Teil des Vortrages beschreibt die Charakteristika plastischen Verhaltens, unterschiedliche plastische Materialgesetze, Fließkriterien bei mehrachsiger Beanspruchung und unterschiedliche Verfestigungsmodelle. Im zweiten Vortragsteil werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Berechnung elasto-plastischer Probleme mit der Software dargestellt sowie Anwendungstipps gegeben. Im dritten Vortragsteil schließlich werden verschiedene Beispiele vorgestellt, davon besonders ausführlich das Verhalten einer einachsigen elasto-plastischen Zugprobe vor und nach dem Eintreten der Einschnürdehnung
This presentation describes the basics of elasto-plasticity and its application with the finite element software Creo Simulate (formerly Pro/MECHANICA) from PTC. The first part describes the characteristics of plastic behavior, different plastic material laws, yield criteria for multiaxial stress states and different hardening models. In the second part, the opportunities and limitations of analyzing elasto-plastic problems with the FEM-code are described and user information is provided. The last part finally presents different examples. Deeply treated is the behavior of a uniaxial tensile test specimen before and after elongation with necking appears

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Watson, Francis Maurice. "Better imaging for landmine detection : an exploration of 3D full-wave inversion for ground-penetrating radar." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/better-imaging-for-landmine-detection-an-exploration-of-3d-fullwave-inversion-for-groundpenetrating-radar(720bab5f-03a7-4531-9a56-7121609b3ef0).html.

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Humanitarian clearance of minefields is most often carried out by hand, conventionally using a a metal detector and a probe. Detection is a very slow process, as every piece of detected metal must treated as if it were a landmine and carefully probed and excavated, while many of them are not. The process can be safely sped up by use of Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) to image the subsurface, to verify metal detection results and safely ignore any objects which could not possibly be a landmine. In this thesis, we explore the possibility of using Full Wave Inversion (FWI) to improve GPR imaging for landmine detection. Posing the imaging task as FWI means solving the large-scale, non-linear and ill-posed optimisation problem of determining the physical parameters of the subsurface (such as electrical permittivity) which would best reproduce the data. This thesis begins by giving an overview of all the mathematical and implementational aspects of FWI, so as to provide an informative text for both mathematicians (perhaps already familiar with other inverse problems) wanting to contribute to the mine detection problem, as well as a wider engineering audience (perhaps already working on GPR or mine detection) interested in the mathematical study of inverse problems and FWI.We present the first numerical 3D FWI results for GPR, and consider only surface measurements from small-scale arrays as these are suitable for our application. The FWI problem requires an accurate forward model to simulate GPR data, for which we use a hybrid finite-element boundary-integral solver utilising first order curl-conforming N\'d\'{e}lec (edge) elements. We present a novel `line search' type algorithm which prioritises inversion of some target parameters in a region of interest (ROI), with the update outside of the area defined implicitly as a function of the target parameters. This is particularly applicable to the mine detection problem, in which we wish to know more about some detected metallic objects, but are not interested in the surrounding medium. We may need to resolve the surrounding area though, in order to account for the target being obscured and multiple scattering in a highly cluttered subsurface. We focus particularly on spatial sensitivity of the inverse problem, using both a singular value decomposition to analyse the Jacobian matrix, as well as an asymptotic expansion involving polarization tensors describing the perturbation of electric field due to small objects. The latter allows us to extend the current theory of sensitivity in for acoustic FWI, based on the Born approximation, to better understand how polarization plays a role in the 3D electromagnetic inverse problem. Based on this asymptotic approximation, we derive a novel approximation to the diagonals of the Hessian matrix which can be used to pre-condition the GPR FWI problem.

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Madeo, Antonio, Giovanni Garcea, Raffaele Casciaro, and Maurizio Aristodemo. "The implicit corotational method: general theory and FEM implementation." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/439.

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Azil, chima. "Essai d’élaboration d’une démarche méthodologique de diagnostic sur les coupoles du Souf en Algérie." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1256035.

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Nelle oasi della regione di Souf in Algeria si è sviluppata nel corso dei secoli una tecnica costruttiva molto particolare e quasi sconosciuta, che ha consentito la crescita di architetture vernacolari uniche poste nella "Lista tentativi dell'UNESCO", come patrimonio diffuso prezioso. L'architettura di questa zona desertica si basa sull'uso di un materiale da costruzione insolito, la pietra Rosa del deserto, ed è caratterizzato da coperture a cupola, che descrivono un paesaggio urbano unico e sorprendente che merita protezione e valorizzazione. Attualmente, i centri urbani di questa zona sono notevolmente degradati essendoci molti edifici interessati da danni di gravità variabile, dallo stato di rudere all’erosione superficiale dell’intonaco. Oltre ai tanti lavori di restauro incoerenti e alla perdita di conoscenze tradizionali, c'è un continuo processo di demolizione e abbandono di edifici che minaccia fortemente questo patrimonio culturale. La ricerca mira a sviluppare un processo diagnostico metodologico per architetture vernacolari realizzate in pietra Rosa del deserto e per perseguire strategie di salvaguardia coerenti. In particolare, il centro storico di Guemar è stato scelto come area di studio perché ha subito poche modifiche, conservando il suo carattere originario. Un approccio interdisciplinare a più scale di indagine è stato svolto con l’obiettivo primario di conoscere la tecnica costruttiva impiegata nella realizzazione delle architetture vernacolari di Guemar. In particolare, lo studio storico, urbano e architettonico di Guemar è stato accoppiato a rilievi geometrici e materici, compiendo anche interviste a costruttori locali. Le indagini in situ hanno consentito di effettuare una diagnosi preliminare dei danni ricorrenti, di classificando le patologie osservate e proponendo una interpretazione delle cause. In particolare, è stata effettuata una valutazione di vulnerabilità delle costruzioni e sono stati effettuati campionamenti dei materiali per effettuare test fisici, mineralogici, petrografici e meccanici in laboratorio. Indagini meccaniche indirette sono state svolte anche in situ tramite penetrometro e sclerometro, oltre ad a investigazioni con la termocamera per indagare sia la tessitura muraria nascosta dietro l’intonaco che la risalita di umidità. Nel complesso sono state determinate sia le caratteristiche tecnologiche della tessitura muratoria e dei particolari costruttivi che la composizione chimica e il comportamento meccanico dei costituenti la muratura, blocchi in pietra Rosa del Deserto e malta, e della muratura nel suo complesso. Inoltre, sono state impiegate diverse strategie per valutare il comportamento strutturale della cupola, considerata sia indipendente dalle murature sottostanti che insieme all’intero edificio. La cupola, infatti, costituisce l'elemento più vulnerabile del sistema strutturale. Innanzitutto, è stata applicata l'analisi limite in approccio statico, tramite l’utilizzazione dei poligoni funicolari, che ha fornito un’interpretazione dei tipici schemi di fessurazione osservati. Inoltre, i risultati dei test meccanici sono stati sfruttati per costruire modelli agli elementi finiti, basati sul rilievo 3D (modello HBIM). Analisi statiche sia lineari che non lineari sono state eseguite tramite un software commerciale, che ha permesso una buona simulazione del comportamento altamente non lineare delle costruzioni osservate. Lo studio multidisciplinare, dal territorio al laboratorio, ha fornito, da un lato, una solida interpretazione dei danni osservati e una base fondamentale su cui imperniare specifiche strategie di conservazione, oltre a costituire una preziosa road map per indagini simili in futuro.

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46

Zhang, Daying. "Progressive failure analysis of composite laminates using non-linear and stochastic FEA." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1866/1/MQ72924.pdf.

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The first-order shear deformation theory and the von Karman geometric non-linearity hypothesis are used to develop the finite element formulation. For the stochastic failure analysis, a stochastic finite element methodology based on the Monte Carlo Simulation is used. For the case of uni-axial compression and bi-axial compression, the tensor polynomial form of the maximum stress criterion is used to predict the failure of the lamina. For the case of bi-axial compression combined with in-plane positive or negative shear loadings, the tensor polynomial form of the 3-D Tsai-Hill criterion is used to predict the failure of the lamina. The maximum stress criterion is used to predict the onset of delamination at the interface between two adjacent layers. The influences of plate aspect ratio, symmetric and unsymmetric lay-ups, and fiber orientations on the deflection response, the first-ply failure load, the ultimate failure load, the failure mode and the maximum deflection associated with failure loads are determined.

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47

Singh, Abhijeet Kumar. "Evaluation of Live-Load Distribution Factors (LLDFs) of Next Beam Bridges." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/816.

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A new precast-prestressed cross section was recently developed by a consortium of engineers from the six New England states, New York and members of the northeast region of PCI. The northeast extreme Tee (NEXT) beam is efficient for medium Bridge spans (50 to 80 ft long). Field formwork savings are introduced by having a flange cast integrally during fabrication of the beams at the precasting plant. Job safety is increased because a working platform is created. The flange width of the NEXT Beams can be adjusted during fabrication to accommodate roadways of different widths and skew angles. Because the section is new with complexity in its shape, the present design guidance cannot be used to evaluate LLDFs for NEXT beams within the context of the AASHTO LRFD. In particular, the use of live-load distribution factors (LLDFs) equations in LRFD for NEXT beams is not straightforward. The distance between the beam webs is variable depending on whether it is measured within a beam module or between adjacent modules. In absence of detailed information a PCI technical committee evaluated LLDFs (through AASHTO 2010 Bridge specification) for the NEXT beams used in the Brimfield Bridge by two different approaches and found one of them conservative. The conservative approach was single stem which uses the average spacing (between webs ([S1+S3]/2)) for use in the LLDF equations.. The committee expressed concerns about whether trends of LLDFs would be similar for other parametric sets, and would like to standardize the methodology for the Bridge projects in Massachusetts with NEXT beam as the girder. To verify the conservativeness of single stem methodology (for the evaluation of LLDFs) for other parameters this research project was initiated. LLDFs are evaluated based on the two approaches and compared with the LLDFs obtained through finite element modeling. The results of 40-3D finite element models have been used to compare the LLDFs obtained from AASHTO 2010 Bridge design specification. The results were also used to compare different parameters that affect LLDFs of NEXT beams including span, skew angle, and beam end fixity. The finite element models were created using a Bridge prototype that is being instrumented for future field verification of the analyses. The models were created using frame elements for the beams and shell elements for the cast in place deck. The integral abutment and foundation of the Bridges was included in the models in which piles are created using frame elements and abutments are created using shell elements. The results indicate that the approach taken for the design of NEXT beams is in general conservative for interior girders of the Bridge. On the contrary such the adopted approach was not yielding the higher value of LLDFs. The variation in strains due to losses are compared by two methods (strains variation obtained from field data and strain variation obtained based on AASHTO equation of losses) to verify the AASHTO equation of losses.

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48

Surisetty, Kartik. "Non-linear reparameterization of complex models with applications to a microalgal heterotrophic fed-batch bioreactor." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/836.

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010.
Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Jan. 22, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Process Control, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

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49

Shinde, Shantanu R. "Origami Inspired Design of Thin Walled Tubular Structures for Impact Loading." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/19987.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Thin-walled structures find wide applications in the automotive industry as energy absorption devices. A great deal of research has been conducted to design thin-walled structures, where the main objective is to reduce peak crushing forces and increase energy absorption capacity. With the advancement of computers and mathematics, it has been possible to develop 2D patterns which when folded turn into complex 3D structures. This technology can be used to develop patterns for getting structures with desired properties. In this study, square origami tubes with folding pattern (Yoshimura pattern) is designed and studied extensively using numerical analysis. An accurate Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to conduct the numerical analysis. A parametric study was conducted to study the influence of geometric parameters on the mechanical properties like peak crushing force, mean crushing force, load uniformity and maximum intrusion, when subjected to dynamic loading. The results from this analysis are studied and various conclusions are drawn. It is found that, when the tube is folded with the pattern having specific dimensions, the performance is enhanced significantly, with predictable and stable collapse. It is also found that the stiffness of the module varies with geometrical parameters. With a proper study it is possible to develop origami structures with functionally graded stiffness, the performance of which can be tuned as per requirement, hence, showing promising capabilities as an energy absorption device where progressive collapse from near to end impact end is desired.

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50

Rossi, F., F. Manenti, C. Pirola, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "A robust sustainable optimization & control strategy (RSOCS) for (fed-)batch processes towards the low-cost reduction of utilities consumption." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7964.

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Yes
The need for the development of clean but still profitable processes and the study of low environmental impact and economically convenient management policies for them are two challenges for the years to come. This paper tries to give a first answer to the second of these needs, limited to the area of discontinuous productions. It deals with the development of a robust methodology for the profitable and clean management of (fed-)batch units under uncertainty, which can be referred to as a robust sustainability-oriented model-based optimization & control strategy. This procedure is specifically designed to ensure elevated process performances along with low-cost utilities usage reduction in real-time, simultaneously allowing for the effect of any external perturbation. In this way, conventional offline methods for process sustainable optimization can be easily overcome since the most suitable management policy, aimed at process sustainability, can be dynamically determined and applied in any operating condition. This leads to a significant step forward with respect to the nowadays options in terms of sustainable process management, that drives towards a cleaner and more energy-efficient future. The proposed theoretical framework is validated and tested on a case study based on the well-known fed-batch version of the Williams-Otto process to demonstrate its tangible benefits. The results achieved in this case study are promising and show that the framework is very effective in case of typical process operation while it is partially effective in case of unusual/unlikely critical process disturbances. Future works will go towards the removal of this weakness and further improvement in the algorithm robustness.

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