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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "FEM. masonry"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "FEM. masonry"

Li, Wangpeng, Xudong Chen, Hongfan Wang, Andrew H. C. Chan, and Yingyao Cheng. "Evaluating the Seismic Capacity of Dry-Joint Masonry Arch Structures via the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 8725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188725.

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The behaviour of dry-joint masonry arch structures is highly nonlinear and discontinuous since they are composed of individual discrete blocks. These structures are vulnerable to seismic excitations. It is difficult for traditional methods like the standard finite element method (FEM) to simulate masonry failure due to their intrinsic limitations. An advanced computational approach, i.e., the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), was employed in this study to examine the first-order seismic capacity of masonry arches and buttressed arches with different shapes subjected to gravity and constant horizontal acceleration. Within the framework of the FDEM, masonry blocks are discretised into discrete elements. A finite element formulation is implemented into each discrete element, providing accurate predictions of the deformation of each block and contact interactions between blocks. Numerical examples are presented and validated with results from the existing literature, demonstrating that the FDEM is capable of capturing the seismic capacities and hinge locations of masonry arch structures. Further simulations on geometric parameters and friction coefficient of masonry buttressed arches were conducted, and their influences on the seismic capacities are revealed.

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Reccia, Emanuele, Antonio Cazzani, and Antonella Cecchi. "FEM-DEM Modeling for Out-of-plane Loaded Masonry Panels: A Limit Analysis Approach." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010231.

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In this work the performances of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) applied to kinematic limit analyses of the out-of-plane behavior of masonry wall panels (with different textures) are investigated. A discrete model of masonry is proposed, which assumes that rigid blocks are connected by a mortar interface: this is ap-propriate for historical masonry, where mortar is much more deformable than blocks and joints thickness is negligible. Therefore blocks can be modeled as rigid bodies connected by zero thickness Mohr-Coulomb-type interfaces. The applied method is known as FEM/DEM, which combines finite and discrete element models. A comparison with well-known and meaningful examples presented by Giuffrè has been carried out in order to validate this method for studying the behavior of masonry. For this purpose, 2D DEM models reproducing walls sections have been considered: they reproduce masonry walls with different staggered blocks, in particular stack bond and running bond patterns, subjected to lateral loads.

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de Carvalho Bello, Claudia Brito, Antonella Cecchi, Emilio Meroi, and Daniel V. Oliveira. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Behaviour of Masonry Walls Reinforced with an Innovative Sisal FRCM System." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.190.

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An experimental and numerical investigation on an innovative composite reinforced with sisal fibers for masonry strengthening is presented in this paper. A FEM numerical approach is also developed, based on diagonal compression test results, to simulate the shear in-plane response of unreinforced masonry panels (URM) and masonry strengthened with a Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composite system made with sisal fibers (RM-SISAL).

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Zucca, Marco, Nicola Longarini, Marco Simoncelli, and Aly Mousaad Aly. "Tuned Mass Damper Design for Slender Masonry Structures: A Framework for Linear and Nonlinear Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083425.

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The paper presents a proposed framework to optimize the tuned mass damper (TMD) design, useful for seismic improvement of slender masonry structures. A historical masonry chimney located in northern Italy was considered to illustrate the proposed TMD design procedure and to evaluate the seismic performance of the system. The optimization process was subdivided into two fundamental phases. In the first phase, the main TMD parameters were defined starting from the dynamic behavior of the chimney by finite element modeling (FEM). A series of linear time-history analyses were carried out to point out the structural improvements in terms of top displacement, base shear, and bending moment. In the second phase, masonry’s nonlinear behavior was considered, and a fiber model of the chimney was implemented. Pushover analyses were performed to obtain the capacity curve of the structure and to evaluate the performance of the TMD. The results of the linear and nonlinear analysis reveal the effectiveness of the proposed TMD design procedure for slender masonry structures.

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Karbassi, Amin, and Pierino Lestuzzi. "Fragility Analysis of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings through a Numerical-based Methodology." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010121.

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As an approach to the problem of seismic vulnerability evaluation of existing buildings using the predicted vul-nerability method, numerical models can be applied to define fragility curves of typical buildings which represent building classes. These curves can be then combined with the seismic hazard to calculate the seismic risk for a building class (or individual buildings). For some buildings types, mainly the unreinforced masonry structures, such fragility analysis is complicated and time consuming if a Finite Element-based method is used. The FEM model has to represent the structural geometry and relationships between different structural elements through element connectivity. Moreover, the FEM can face major challenges to represent large displacements and separations for progressive collapse simulations. Therefore, the Applied Element Method which combines the advantages of FEM with that of the Discrete Element Method in terms of accurately modelling a deformable continuum of discrete materials is used in this paper to perform the fragility analysis for unreinforced masonry buildings. To this end, a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses using the AEM has been per-formed for two unreinforced masonry buildings (a 6-storey stone masonry and a 4-storey brick masonry) using more than 50 ground motion records. Both in-plane and out-of-plane failure have been considered in the damage analysis. The dis-tribution of the structural responses and inter-storey drifts are used to develop spectral-based fragility curves for the five European Macroseismic Scale damage grades.

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Yang, Li Hui. "Impact of Wall Openings on the Seismic Performance of Brick Masonry Structure." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.307.

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Openings may weaken the rigidity of walls in the houses of brick masonry structure, leading to the asymmetrical rigidity distribution in the houses. This may also affect the seismic performance of houses. Five fine FEM model are established in this study to simulate the impact of various openings on the seismic performance of brick masonry structure.

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Joanna, Kujda. "Analysis of limit state of load resistance and reliability of masonry structures made of AAC blocks." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926202001.

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The paper presents analysis of limit state of bearing capacity and reliability of masonry structures. A masonry made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) with mortar for thin-layer joints was proposed. The basic calculations were carried out using the procedures available in the Eurocodes. A comprehensive analysis of the work of the masonry element was carried out. The numerical FEM model of the masonry member was made. A quantitative assessment of the safety of the structure was made by calculating the reliability index. During numerical simulation three parameter elastic-plastic model for material of masonry was used. All parameters were based on material experimental results. The analysis of masonry reliability was carried out using the probabilistic method. Masonry elements are widely used in construction, therefore their design should be based on a detailed analysis. Noteworthy is class execution of works of masonry structures and relatively high values of safety coefficient associated with it.

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Qazi, Asad Ullah, Ali Murtaza Rasool, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Asif Hameed, and Muhammad Faizan Ali. "Behavior of Scaled Infilled Masonry, Confined Masonry & Reinforced Concrete Structures under Dynamic Excitations." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060774.

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This research investigates the nonlinear behavior of scaled infilled masonry (IFM), confined masonry (CM), and reinforced concrete (RC) structures by utilizing and validating two tests from the literature as benchmarks. The validation was based on a comparison with the pushover results of small-scaled physical tests and their numerical modeling. Numerical modeling of small-scale (1:4 and 1:3) IFM, CM, and RC models has been carried out with Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Applied Element Modelling (AEM) techniques using SAP2000 and the Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software, respectively. The behavior of the structure under lateral loads and excitations was investigated using nonlinear static (pushover) and nonlinear time history (dynamic) analysis. The evaluation of the pushover analysis results revealed that for IFM, the %age difference of tangent stiffness was 4.2% and 13.5% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively, and the %age difference for strength was 31.2% and 2.8% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively. Similarly, it was also calculated for other wall types. Dynamic analysis results from FEM and AEM techniques were found in the fairly acceptable range before yield; however, beyond yield, AEM proved more stable. Finally, the results also showed that the numerical study can be utilized for the evaluation of small-scale models before performing the physical test.

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Meloni, Daniel, and Barbara de Nicolo. "Non Linear Fem Modelling for the Design of Openings in Masonry Walls." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.44.

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Countries like Italy have to face the constant issue of preserving and renewing existing buildings, both for the sake of conservation of the architectural and monumental heritage and due to the need of requalification and reuse. Considering the seismic hazard of most of Italian regions, structural interventions need to be carefully evaluated since National Codes don’t allow any sort of weakening of buildings and conversely regard any structural intervention as an opportunity to improve existing building safety. Most of existing and historical buildings in Italy are masonry structures, whose functional and architectonical requalification usually consists of new openings in masonry walls, but, according to the above mentioned principles, these modifications need to be designed at least without significantly affecting the pre-existent structural behavior. Thus, steel or reinforced concrete frames are to be designed in order to restore the previous conditions of masonry integrity. In this paper FEM analyses are performed and discussed in order to achieve this goal.

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Tedesco, Francesca, Antonio Bilotta, and Emilio Turco. "Multiscale 3D mixed FEM analysis of historical masonry constructions." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 21, no. 7-8 (February 21, 2016): 772–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1134676.

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Дисертації з теми "FEM. masonry"

Haider, Waheed, and haiderw@connellhatch com. "INPLANE RESPONSE OF WIDE SPACED REINFORCED MASONRY SHEAR WALLS." Central Queensland University. Centre for Railway Engineering, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070421.130337.

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Wide spaced reinforced masonry (WSRM) walls that contain vertical reinforced cores at horizontal spacing up to 2000mm are commonly used in high wind zones of Australia although their inplane shear resistance is not well understood. This thesis aims at providing better insight into the behaviour of WSRM walls subjected to inplane lateral loading through experimental and numerical investigations. The interactions between the unreinforced masonry (URM) panels and vertical reinforced cores are first determined using an elastic finite element analysis and the potential failure paths hypothesized. The hypotheses are then validated using a series of full-scale WSRM and Non-WSRM wall tests under monotonic and cyclic lateral loading by keeping the spacing between the vertical reinforced cores as the main design variable. Load-displacement response of these shear walls indicates that the current classification of the WSRM in AS3700 (2001) as those walls containing vertical reinforced grouted cores at 2000mm maximum spacing is appropriate. A finite element model (FEM) based on an explicit solution algorithm is developed for predicting the response of the masonry shear walls tested under static loading. The FEM has adopted macroscopic masonry failure criteria and flow rules, damaged plasticity model for grout and tension-only model for reinforcing bars reported in the literature, and predicted crack opening and post-peak load behaviour of the shear walls. By minimising the kinetic energy using appropriate time scaling, the FEM has provided reasonable and efficient prediction of load flow, crack patterns and loaddisplacement curves of the shear walls. The FEM is further validated using full-scale tests on WSRM walls of aspect ratios and pre-compression different to that tested before. The validated FEM is used to examine the appropriateness of the prescriptive design details for WSRM concrete masonry shear walls provided in AS3700 (2001) allowing for a large scatter in material properties. It is shown that the inplane shear capacity formula provided in AS3700 (2001) for squat WSRM shear walls is non-conservative.

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Apera, Cristina. "Experimental tests on brick masonry panels strengthened with textile reinforced mortar." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Nei paesi dell’area mediterranea, come Italia e Spagna, numerosi edifici, sono realizzati in muratura, e questo li rende vulnerabili alle azioni sismiche. I terremoti avvenuti in passato, hanno permesso, attraverso lo studio dei danneggiamenti prodotti, di comprendere le vulnerabilità di questi edifici e anche di valutare l’effettivo miglioramento o peggioramento delle diverse tecniche adoperate nel corso degli anni. Nel corso degli ultimi anni ,diverse tecniche innovative sono state sviluppate, tra cui l’uso di TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar), risulta essere una delle migliori scelte data la reversibilità dell’intervento e la buona compatibilità con la muratura. Nonostante ciò, al momento non sono disponibili procedimenti analitici, per la valutazione dell’ incremento di resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate con TRM. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di analizzare il cambio di comportamento di provini testati a compressione semplice e diagonale, rinforzati con TRM. I risultati ottenuti dalla campagna sperimentale, serviranno alla calibrazione di modelli numerici realizzati in SAP2000. I modelli, basati solo sull’uso di elementi non lineari “shell-layered”, vogliono costituire un modello semplice, riutilizzabile dal progettista per l’analisi di strutture più complesse. Successivamente i dati raccolti durante la campagna sperimentale sono stati utilizzati per la ricerca di formule analitiche, che permettano di valutare l’incremento della resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate. I provini rinforzati sono in grado di sorreggere un carico ultimo pari al doppio dei non rinforzati, con un aumento della deformazione orizzontale al limite elastico e della capacità di dissipazione di energia. Il rinforzo in TRM è quindi in grado di migliorare il comportamento di strutture in muratura soggette ad azioni orizzontali, ed i modelli creati con SAP2000, si sono dimostrati validi per simulare il comportamento di strutture in muratura rinforzate e non rinforzate.

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Eljufout, Tamer Ghaith Mousa. ""Experimental and computational approaches to historical masonry structures: A study in the direction of filling the gap"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7361/.

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The assessment of historical structures is a significant need for the next generations, as historical monuments represent the community’s identity and have an important cultural value to society. Most of historical structures built by using masonry which is one of the oldest and most common construction materials used in the building sector since the ancient time. Also it is considered a complex material, as it is a composition of brick units and mortar, which affects the structural performance of the building by having different mechanical behaviour with respect to different geometry and qualities given by the components.

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Selli, Nicola. "Static and seismic analysis of a historic masonry building in San Pio delle Camere." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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In February 2021, in San Pio delle Camere, on the Navelli plateau south-east of L'Aquila, a masonry building collapsed suddenly, after repair work had just begun on the damage caused by the 2009 earthquake. The current study, after a detailed examination of all the design documentation and the comparison of the post-earthquake damage with the results of the analysis on the model, finding an excellent correspondence, went to research the possible causes of the structural collapse, which occurred in static conditions. The masonry texture was then analysed, consisting of unworked natural stones of medium-small size bound by poor quality mortar, parameterising the mechanical characteristics with in situ tests, the Masonry Quality Index and the values proposed in NTC 2018. Then, the analysis of the global model lead to the verification of the complexity of the aggregate induced greater pressures, and consequent deformations, precisely in the walls from which the collapse originated. With these assumptions, and from the evidence of the presence of a modest void in an internal facing, the study of the local mechanism was deepened, arriving at the presumption of the possible minimum dimensions of such a cavity and how this, even if minimal, could have been the cause if concomitant with the degradation of the bonding mortar induced by the absence of maintenance and the loss of even minimal resistance capacities.

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Vignali, Giulia. "The Bell Tower: the facts-finding pathway and good practice for the structural diagnostic analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Specific characteristics of single heritage constructions pose a challenge at the moment of the formulation of a judgement on the preservation state and safety of the object. In Italy, the guidelines on assessment and reduction of seismic risk to heritage constructions have provided a procedure for gaining an adequate level of knowledge of masonry constructions. Such operative methodology is presented as a path made of many aspects that, at different levels and from many viewpoints, should bring together a detailed qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the artifact under analysis. Knowledge steps include the search for documents and information from various sources, visual inspections, surveys and non-invasive diagnostic approaches, structural numerical modelling. Nevertheless, these guidelines are necessarily a generic document and cannot detail many practical aspects so that the professional dealing with real cases has to rely on extensive knowledge and experience. This is particularly true in the case of peculiar typologies of constructions, such as ancient masonry towers, which – due to their geometry - present extra problems of accessibility, inspection and survey. This thesis looks at a number of medieval masonry towers with steeple masonry spires located in Piacenza and Ravenna, Italy, to test on-site a multidisciplinary, coherent facts-finding path that keeps into account the characteristics and problematics of the single constructions in order to reach a reliable evaluation, drawing from the examination of the collected info and produced data. At the same time, this thesis aims to consolidate the author’s knowledge about the most correct choice and procedural application of various techniques according to the specific aims, in view of her professional future, keeping in mind both the engineer’s viewpoint of building safety and the architect respect for the heritage value.

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Sabri, Amirreza. "Seismic Retrofit of Load Bearing URM Walls with Internally Placed Reinforcement and Surface-Bonded FRP Sheets." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40675.

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Concrete block masonry is a common building material used worldwide, including Canada. Reinforced masonry buildings, designed according to the requirements of recent building codes, may result in seismically safe structures. However, unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings designed and constructed prior to the development of modern seismic design codes are extremely vulnerable to seismic induced damage. Replacement of older seismically deficient buildings with new and seismically designed structures is economically not feasible in most cases. Therefore, seismic retrofitting of deficient buildings remains to be a viable seismic risk mitigation strategy. Masonry load bearing walls are the most important elements of such buildings, potentially serving as lateral force resisting systems. A seismic retrofit research program is currently underway at the University of Ottawa, consisting of experimental and analytical components for developing new seismic retrofit systems for unreinforced masonry walls. The research project presented in this thesis forms part of the same overall research program. The experimental component includes design, construction, retrofit and testing of large-scale load bearing masonry walls. Two approaches were developed as retrofit methodologies, both involving reinforcing the walls for strength and deformability. The first approach involves the use of ordinary deformed steel reinforcement as internally added reinforcement to attain reinforced masonry behaviour. The second approach involves the use of internally placed post-tensioning tendons to attain prestressed masonry behaviour. The analytical component of research consists of constructing a Finite Element computer model for nonlinear analysis of walls and conducting a parametric study to assess the significance of retrofit design parameters. The results have led to the development of a conceptual retrofit design framework for the new techniques developed, while utilizing the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada and the relevant CSA material standards.

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Yiu, Wing Nam. "Finite element analysis of short-term and long-term building response to tunnelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3c300067-bc24-4312-97d9-f92a3d37abc6.

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Tunnelling in urban areas causes short-term and long-term ground movements under existing buildings. Finite element analysis provides a useful option for assessing the likely extent of damage induced in these buildings. Although finite element analysis is suggested to be used in the later phases of the building damage assessment procedures employed in practice, only the effect of short-term ground movements is typically considered and there are no detailed guidelines on the specification and complexity of the modelling. This thesis addresses the tunnel-soil-building interaction problem and the effect of long-term consolidation, as well as demonstrating the application of 3D finite element analysis with appropriate simplifications for practical assessment purposes. Finite element models are developed to quantify the effect of shallow tunnelling on an example masonry building founded on strip footings, considering both single- and twin-tunnel scenarios in a typical London soil profile. Total stress and effective stress analyses are adopted with specific modelling procedures to focus on the short-term and long-term response respectively. The analyses use a non-linear model for the masonry, and allow slippage and gapping at the soil-footing interface. Two advanced constitutive models for the soil (the extended Mohr-Coulomb model and the modified two-surface kinematic hardening model) are implemented with customized stress update schemes. The finite element results present the interaction between the soil and the building by comparing with the greenfield ground response. The horizontal coupling between the foundation and the ground is shown to be relatively weak. The dominant deformation mode of the building varies with the tunnel configuration (i.e. single or twin tunnels) and the tunnel eccentricity. Strain localization is found around the explicitly modelled window and door openings. The long-term consolidation is sensitive to the permeability of the tunnel lining. The building response to long-term ground movements is further affected by the tunnel-tunnel interaction in the case of twin-tunnel configuration. Performing 3D analysis of a single facade and foundation provides useful damage predictions, without the need to model a complete building. The proposed result processing methods such as characteristic strain and damage bar chart are practical tools for assessment. The study highlights some limitations of the elastic beam assessment method, which is often adopted in the early phase of the damage assessment process.

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Mininno, Gemma. "Modelling of the behaviour of TRM-strengthened masonry walls." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42869.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical Constructions
The un-reinforced masonry structures (URM) represent an important percentage of the building heritage, but they have poor performance in seismic condition. Hence the construction industry has been extremely interested in their repair and rehabilitation. In the last decades, the innovative materials made of continuous fibres embedded in organic matrices (FRP) have been largely adopted to enhance the seismic performance of the constructions. Initially, these materials were designed to be applied to concrete structures, and only later they were adopted also in masonry structures. Although the advantages introduced by these composite products were undeniable, some drawbacks were also observed, mainly related to the organic matrices (e.g. epoxy). As a consequence, a new type of composite materials, where the organic substrate is substituted with an inorganic matrix (e.g. cementitious or lime-based mortar), were proposed as a solution. These materials on one hand kept the positive aspects of the FRPs (improvement of the shear-resistance and the deformability without increasing the weight of the structure) and on the other hand overcame their disadvantages (poor behaviour in condition of high temperatures or fire, vulnerability to the external agents, low permeability, low compatibility with the masonry substrate). Consequently, mortar-based composites resulted to be mechanically and physically more compatible with masonry substrates and able to satisfy issues related to conservation principles as reversibility and sustainability. The innovative composite materials made of continuous fibres embedded in thin mortar layers for externally bonded reinforcement of masonry structures, typically referred to as FRCM (Fibre Reinforced Cementitious mortar) or TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar), have recently received attention from researchers. Despite the recent interest on the use of these materials, the available information regarding their performance when applied to structures or structural components is still scare. For instance, the effectiveness of TRM systems on the seismic performance of strengthened structures is not clear yet. Given the aforementioned research context, the present thesis has the aim to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of TRM composite materials on the in-plane and out-of-plane response of a masonry wall. Therefore, different finite element models to study the in-plane and out-of-plane performance have been created. A comparison of their behaviour in unreinforced and reinforced conditions is carried out by means of non-linear analyses, under the effect of a lateral-monotonic load proportional to the mass (pushover) first and then under the effect of a real accelerogram recorded during the L'Aquiia earthquake, occurred the 6 t of April 2009. The results are presented and discussed critically.
As estruturas em alvenaria não reforçada (URM) correspondem a uma importante percentagem do património edificado existente, no entanto, apresentam uma débil resposta a eventos sísmicos. Assim sendo, a sua reparação e reabilitação é de extrema importância para a indústria da construção. Nas últimas décadas, foram amplamente adotados materiais inovadores à base de polímeros reforçados com fibras (FRP) para o melhoramento da resposta sísmica de edificações. Desenhados inicialmente tendo em vista a sua aplicação em estruturas de betão armado, apenas mais tarde foram também adotados para as estruturas de alvenaria. Apesar das inegáveis vantagens que estes materiais apresentam, foram também observados alguns aspetos negativos, essencialmente referentes às matrizes orgânicas (ex.: epoxy). Como consequência, foi proposto um novo tipo de materiais compósitos, nos quais a matriz polimérica é substituída por matrizes inorgânicas (ex.: argamassas à base de cal). Estes materiais, por um lado mantem os aspetos positivos dos FRPs (melhoramento da resistência ao corte e da deformabilidade, sem aumento de peso da estrutura), e por outro lado ultrapassaram a sua desvantagem (mau desempenho em condições de altas temperaturas ou fogo, vulnerabilidade aos agentes externos, baixa permeabilidade, baixa compatibilidade com o substrato em alvenaria). Assim sendo, estes novos materiais compósitos demonstraram ser mecânica e fisicamente mais compatíveis com substratos de alvenaria, e capazes de satisfazer questões relativas a princípios de conservação (ex: a reversibilidade e a sustentabilidade das intervenções) Materiais compósitos inovadores à base de fibras contínuas, embebidas em finas camadas de argamassa para reforço pelo exterior de estruturas de alvenaria, conhecidos por FRCM (argamassas comentícias reforçadas com fibras), ou TRM (argamassas reforçadas com têxteis), tem sido alvo de atenção por parte de vários investigadores. Apesar do recente interesse no uso destes materiais, a informação disponível referente ao seu desempenho quando aplicados em estruturas ou componentes estruturais é ainda escassa. A título de exemplo, a eficácia dos reforços aplicados em sistema TRM, em face de eventos sísmicos, ainda não é clara. Atendendo ao estado da arte apresentado acima, a presente tese tem como objetivo investigar numericamente a eficácia de implementação de materiais compósitos à base de TRM, na resposta de estruturas de alvenaria tradicional a ações no plano e para fora do plano. Para tal, foram criados diferentes modelos de elementos finitos para avaliar o desempenho destes materiais para ambos os tipos de ações. Comparou-se também o seu comportamento em situações com e sem reforço, recorrendo a análises não lineares, primeiro sob efeito de cargas monotónicas proporcionais à massa, aplicadas lateralmente, (pushover), e depois sob o efeito de cargas dinâmicas representadas por acelerogramas reais recolhidos durante o sismo de L'Aquila, ocorrido a 6 de Abril de 2009. Os resultados obtidos são apresentados e discutidos em detalhe.
Le strutture in muratura non rinforzate (URM) costituiscono una percentuale significativa del patrimonio costruito, ma non presentano deille buone performance in condizioni sismiche. Per questa ragione l'industria delle costruzioni si è dimostrata estremamente interessata agli interventi per la loro riparazione e riabilitazione. Negli ultimi decenni, questi materiali innovativi costituiti da fibre immerse in matrici organiche (FRP) sono stati ampiamente usati per migliorare il comportamento di queste strutture in condizioni sismiche. Inizialmente, tali materiali erano stati progettati per essere applicati prevalentemente su strutture in cemento e solo negli ultimi tempi il loro utilizzo è stato ampliato anche alla muratura. Nonostante gli indiscutibili miglioramenti introdotti dai materiali compositi, alcuni svantaggi sono emersi, dovuti principalmente alla natura organica delle resine (ad esempio epossidiche). Di conseguenza, un nuovo tipo di materiaii compositi, nei quali la matrice organica è sostituita da una inorganica (ad esempio malta a base di cemento o di calce), è stato proposto come soluzione. Questi materiali, se da un lato assicurno gli stessi risultati degli FRP (aumento della resistenza a taglio e delle capacità deformative senza incrementare il peso della struttura) dall'altro permettono di superare gli aspetti negativi (vulnerabilità alle alte temperature, al fuoco e agli agenti esterni, bassa permeabilità e ridotta compatibilità con Ia muratura sottostante). I materiali compositi a base di malta consentono il soddisfacimento dei principj del restauro, quali reversibilità e sostenibilità, poiché risultano più compatibili con il substrato in muratura, sia per quanto riguarda gli aspetti meccanici che fisici. I nuovi materiali compositi, costituiti da fibre immerse in un sottile strato di malta, per il rinforzo delle strutture in muratura, di souto definiti FRCM (Malta cementizia rinforzata con fibre) o TRM (Malta rinforzata con tessuto), hanno di recente ricevuto molto interesse dal mondo della ricerca. Nonostante il recente interesse nell'uso di questi materiali, le informazioni disponibili riguardo il loro funzionamento quando applicati a strutture reali o a componenti strutturali, sono ancora esigui. Ad esempio, l'efficienza dei sistemi TRM per il miglioramento della risposta, in condizioni sismiche, delle strutture rinforzate non è ancora totalmente chiaro. La presente tesi, inserendosi nell'ambito di ricerca descritto, ha lo scopo di determinare se l'utiiizzo di materiali compositi TRM sia valido o meno quando applicato suile strutture, in condizioni di sollecitazione nel piano e fuori dal piano. Pertanto, diversi modelli agli elementi finiti sono stati realizzati per studiare questi due tipi di risposta. Un confronto del loro funzionamento in condizioni non rinforzate e rinforzate è stato condotto in termini di analisi non-lineari, sia sotto l'effetto di un carico laterale-monotonico proporzionale alla massa (Push-over) che sotto l'effetto di un carico dinamico rappresentato da un accelerogramma reale, registrato durante li terremoto verificatosi a L'Aquila (6 Aprile 2009). I risultati ottenuti sono presentati e discussi criticamente.

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Uplekar, Amruta Shrikant. "Structural characterization and analysis of the Castle of Arbeteta, Spain." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/62322.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical Construction
The Castle of Arbeteta, Guadalajara (Spain) is strategically located on top of the cliff rocks with a drawbridge as its only entrance. The castle has undergone various changes in over the time of centuries. It was once a two storey structure, of which only the ruins of the external walls exist. The castle is in a continuous state of degradation due to abandonment. Currently, there is an ongoing intervention project where a new use is going to be given to the castle. This will inevitably alter the current state of the existing structure. Preliminary inspection works and a detailed archaeological survey was carried out which specified the phases of construction of different sections of the castle. However, there is still need of a better characterization of the stone masonry walls and their structural behaviour. The main research question of the present thesis deals with the possible influence of the construction evolution of the castle on its structural behaviour. The thesis thus try to link two commonly separated and hermetic fields from the conservation projects: archaeological survey and structural analysis. For that matter, a non-destructive campaign consisting of indirect sonic tests and dynamic identification, which aimed at a thorough characterization of all the structural elements was planned. The campaign was carefully planned according to an archaeological research previously carried out. Secondly, a numerical model was made to analyse the structural behaviour of the castle, based upon photogrammetry model and the same archaeological survey. The experimental data collected through indirect sonic tests and dynamic identification was used to calibrate the model.. The results of the thesis show that indeed taking into account the archaeological findings improved our knowledge on the structural behaviour of the castle and has to be taken into account before carrying out a rigorous structural analysis.
O castelo de Arbeteta, em Guadalajara (Espanha) está estratégicamente situado no topo de um penhasco rocoso que tem uma ponte levadiça como unico acesso. O castelo tem sido submetido a muitos cambios e alterações estruturais durante estes séculos. Num momento da sua história, o castelo era uma estrutura de dois andares, dos que agora só as ruinas das paredes de alvenaria de pedra exteriores ainda existem. O castelo está agora num processo de degradação continuo devido ao seu abandono. No momento, existe um projeto de intervenção no castelo e um novo uso vai ser proposto no castelo. Esto vai alterar inevitavelmente o estado atual da estrutura existente. Inspeções preliminares do castelo e um levantamento arqueologico detalhado foram realizados e ajudaram a identificar as diferentes fases de construção nas diferentes partes do castelo. Contudo, uma melhor caracterização das paredes de alvenaria de pedras é necessária, para ajudar a compreender melhor o seu comportamento estrutural. Esta investigação estuda principalmente a possível influência da evolução estrutural do castelo no seu comportamento estrutural. A tese portanto trata de ligar dois campos necessários nos projetos de conservação que estão normalmente separados e muito compartimentados: o levantamento arqueologico e a análise estrutural. Com este objetivo, uma campaha de ensaios experimentais não destrutivos que incluiu ensaios sónicos indireitos e ensaios de identificação dinâmica foi planejada e destinada a caracterizar em detalhe todos os elementos estruturais do castelo. A campanha foi planejada cuidadosamente de acordo à investigação arqueologica previamente realizada. Numa segunda parte do trabalho, um modelo numerico foi preparado para analisar o comportamento estrutural do castelo, baseado no modelo fotogrametrico e no levantamento arqueologico. Os resultados experimentais recoletados dos ensaios sonicos e dinamicos foram usados para calibrar o modelo numérico. A tese mostra que, de fato, a consideração das descobertas arqueologicas melhoraram o entendimento do comportamento estrutural do castelo e tem de ser tidos em conta antes de realizar um análise estrutural rigoroso.

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Miele, Maria Teresa. "Soluzioni tradizionali in legno per strategie innovative di protezione sismica del patrimonio costruito diffuso." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1248258.

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La tesi si colloca nel contesto delle ricerche che hanno per obiettivo la tutela e la messa in sicurezza del patrimonio architettonico, declinata nella specificità territoriale dei borghi tipici della dosale appenninica. Nei borghi dell’Appennino risiede parte dell’identità del Paese e al contempo la sua fragilità. Gli eventi sismici degli ultimi anni hanno infatti reso sempre più evidente la necessità di sicurezza e la prevenzione nelle aree sismicamente più vulnerabili. Tali territori sono custodi di identità e specificità locali, esito di processi di trasformazione secolari, i cui valori richiedono, per poter essere tramandati, una particolare attenzione alla conservazione e alla costante manutenzione. In tal senso, il “come” intervenire si inserisce in un processo complesso, tale da mediare tra molteplici esigenze, quali la necessità di agire per la sicurezza dei manufatti, per la conservazione del patrimonio storico “diffuso”, per la crescente richiesta di un uso sostenibile delle risorse, tramite l’adozione di materiali meno impattanti. Lo studio si prefigge di indagare la possibilità dell'impiego di rinforzi in elementi lignei che conferiscano ai singoli edifici capacità resistenti e dissipative, rendendoli così in grado di contrastare azioni sismiche. Il legno è stato spesso adottato come materiale associato alla muratura esistente, secondo diverse strategie di intervento che consentissero di rispondere alle esigenze di tutela e prevenzione in aree sismicamente rilevanti. Date queste premesse, in un’ottica di prevenzione, l’obiettivo della tesi è quello di elaborare e validare una possibile modalità di rinforzo che possa contribuire alla salvaguardia dei fragili borghi in muratura. Si è così avviato un approccio analitico-sperimentale per la comprensione di un dispositivo ligneo inserito a supporto di murature esistenti concepito come presidio antisismico di sicurezza. I dati ottenuti sperimentalmente hanno evidenziato l’efficacia del sistema di rinforzo lignei. Gli elementi, applicati alla muratura come elementi ridondanti, hanno permesso al pannello di mantenere una capacità di carico tale da prevenire il collasso e hanno incrementato la capacità del muro di subire deformazioni e di lesionarsi. Si è inoltre indagato numericamente il sistema così inteso e valutato il contributo degli elementi lignei e degli ancoraggi metallici attraverso modellazioni non lineari FEM.

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Книги з теми "FEM. masonry"

Aase, Haakon. Fem år med folk og stein: Tørrmuring i Nordhordland 2003-2007 - eit prosjektarbeid utført i regi av Norsk håndverksinstitutt. Lillehammer: Norsk håndverksinstitutt, 2020.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency, ed. Interagency flood hazard mitigation report for Illinois: In response to the March 29, 1985 disaster declaration (FEMA-735-DR-IL) covering the counties of Brown, Bureau, Calhoun, Cass, Clark, Crawford, Fulton, Greene, Grundy, Jersey, LaSalle, Marshall, Mason, Morgan, Peoria, Pike, Rock Island, Schuyler, Scott, Tazewell, Whiteside, Will, and Woodford. [Washington, D.C.?: Federal Emergency Management Agency], 1985.

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Whitford, Maurice J. Getting Rid of Graffiti: A Practical Guide to Graffiti Removal and Anti-Graffiti Protection. CRC Press LLC, 2017.

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Ewer, Ferdinand Cartwright. On the Relationship Between [sic] Masonry & Christianity: Delivered at the Centennial Celebration of St. John's Lodge No. 3 of F. & A. M. Bridgeport, Conn. Feb. 12 1862. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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LaRoche, Cheryl Janifer. Faith and Fraternity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038044.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on pre-Civil War national political and fraternal organizations that operated through Black community leaders. It examines how the various African American organizations that fed into the Underground Railroad network, the Black churches, conferences, fraternal societies, and conventions, functioned as the public, often urban, action arm of the Underground Railroad. Black organizations and fraternal societies fostered interracial cooperation by holding convention meetings and other gatherings where participants representing Black churches or the Prince Hall Order of Free and Accepted Masons routinely interacted with Underground Railroad operatives. This chapter also shows that slaveholders and politicians, responding to demands by people of color to be released from slavery and its concomitant evils, enacted a series of fugitive slave laws that increasingly fueled the fires of rebellion and war. The Civil War ended a long strategic continuum among abolitionists and antislavery workers.

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Fye, W. Bruce. Coronary Angiography. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0014.

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Coronary angiography, injecting radiopaque contrast into the coronary arteries through a catheter, transformed the care of millions of patients and the careers of tens of thousands of cardiologists. As was typical of new diagnostic techniques, coronary angiography was the result of a series of technological innovations combined with contributions that many individuals had made over several years. But Mason Sones Jr. of the Cleveland Clinic was the main innovator and promoter of coronary angiography, which he described in a 1960 publication. At the time, there was no accepted surgical treatment for coronary heart disease, so very few cardiologists saw the need to refer their patients for this invasive catheter-based procedure. Sones and his colleagues at the Cleveland Clinic became tireless promoters of coronary angiography and of the Vineberg internal mammary artery implant operation as a treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris.

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Частини книг з теми "FEM. masonry"

Kovačević, Vladimir Cerisano, Silvia Monchetti, Michele Betti, and Claudio Borri. "Metamodels in Computational Mechanics for Bayesian FEM Updating of Ancient High-Rise Masonry Structures." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1954–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_157.

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Pepe, Marco, Marco Pingaro, Emanuele Reccia, and Patrizia Trovalusci. "Micromodels for the In-Plane Failure Analysis of Masonry Walls with Friction: Limit Analysis and DEM-FEM/DEM Approaches." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1883–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_151.

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Reccia, Emanuele, Antonella Cecchi, and Gabriele Milani. "FEM/DEM Approach for the Analysis of Masonry Arch Bridges." In Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 367–92. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch014.

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The problem of masonry arch bridges load carrying capacity is studied by means of a coupled FEM/DEM 2D approach. The numerical model relies into a triangular discretization of the domain with embedded crack elements that activate whenever the peak strength is reached. The proposed approach can be regarded as a combination between Finite Elements allowing for the reproduction of elastic strain into continuum and DEM, suitable to model frictional cohesive behavior exhibited by masonry structures even at very low levels of external loads. The aforementioned numerical approach is applied to masonry arch bridges interacting with infill. A preliminary validation of the procedure is addressed for the prediction of the masonry arches limit state behavior where the stones are supposed infinite resistant and plastic hinges can occur exclusively on mortar joints, modeled as cohesive frictional interfaces. The sensitivity of the infill role varying mechanical properties of the infill is extensively discussed.

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Klouda, J. K. "Analysis of behaviour of cyclic loaded clay block walls using the FEM model." In Brick and Block Masonry, 1667–74. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21889-207.

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Hazay, Máté, and Ante Munjiza. "Introduction to the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method." In Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 123–45. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch006.

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This chapter presents a general overview of the combined Finite-Discrete Element Method (FEM/DEM) which is considered as a state-of-the-art technique for the mechanical analysis of masonry structures. In a FEM/DEM simulation each discrete element representing a stone block is discretized into finite elements in order to describe the deformability of the blocks. This chapter deals with the main steps of the FEM/DEM including contact detection, contact interaction, fracture and fragmentation algorithms, calculation of deformations and the time integration of the equation of motion. The FEM/DEM is advantageously used to simulate transition from continua to discontinua processes which may lead to the collapse of the structure. Some examples for practical applications found in the literature are mentioned.

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Kamiński, T. "Tests to collapse of masonry arch bridges simulated by means of FEM." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization, 289. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10430-206.

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Drougkas, A., E. Verstrynge, M. Bassier, and M. Vergauwen. "3D Laser scanning for FEM-based deformation analysis of a reconstructed masonry vault." In Preventive Conservation - From Climate and Damage Monitoring to a Systemic and Integrated Approach, 137–44. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003004042-21.

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Yardım, Yavuz, and Enea Mustafaraj. "Selected Assessment and Retrofitting Application Techniques for Historical Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." In Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures, 525–45. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch017.

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This chapter includes application of recent research on the repair and strengthening of historical structures and provides a structural assessment of five historical mosques in Albania. Apart from visual inspection, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data are used to analyze the historical structures. The FEM analysis conducted in SAP2000 aims to investigate the structural behavior of the undamaged model under static and dynamic loads. Stress concentration and mode period results have a considerable difference, which highlights earthquake vulnerability and changes the strategy of possible retrofitting. As a result, possible practical solutions for the structural problems based on previous research and enhancement of the existing structural resistance are suggested.

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Pineda, Paloma. "Ancient Materials and Singular Constructions." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 340–59. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch013.

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Analysis and evaluation of seismic reliability of masonry cultural heritage buildings by means of numerical models is a difficult task, owing to uncertainties that mainly affect structural behaviour and mechanical material properties. The former includes lack of information on model definition -geometry, constraints, materials, constructive details...-, and the latter is focused on non-linear masonry behaviour and low tensile strength. Furthermore, if a comprehensive study of structural behaviour is going to be performed, accuracy and suitability of the analytical or numerical method selected are essential issues. For those reasons, multidisciplinary analyses combining numerical, experimental and heritage tools may be very useful to face the challenge of effective preservation. This chapter focuses on the role of the building materials as controllers of collapse phenomena under seismic loading. The first section is devoted to some heritage strategies that may be learnt from the wisdom of ancient builders. The second section focuses on numerical strategies, reviewing different constitutive models via FEM under seismic loading and analysing the role of the control parameters. That section provides a brief reflexion on different analytical strategies. Finally, as a way of conclusion, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of historic building materials and associated techniques within a dynamic framework, by means of multidisciplinary tools is provided.

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Pineda, Paloma. "Ancient Materials and Singular Constructions." In Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures, 629–48. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch021.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "FEM. masonry"

Baraldi, Daniele, Emanuele Reccia, and Antonella Cecchi. "DEM & FEM/DEM MODELS FOR LATERALLY LOADED MASONRY WALLS." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3528.715.

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Crespi, P., A. Franchi, P. Ronca, N. Giordano, M. Scamardo, G. Gusmeroli, and G. Schiantarelli. "From BIM to FEM: the analysis of an historical masonry building." In BIM 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bim150471.

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Li Rosi, D. "Application of OMA technique to masonry slender towers: FEM updating and sensitivity analysis." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-95.

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Abstract. Bell towers are masonry slender structures prone to damage caused by vibrations due to human activities, such as motor-vehicle traffic and operating machines in building sites, to bells’ ringing and, of course, vulnerable to strong vibrations induced by earthquakes. Several studies with Operational Modal Analysis applications to masonry historical slender towers demonstrate that their modal properties are typical and recurrent and depend mainly on the geometric features determining mass distribution and on the boundary conditions due to adjacent buildings and subjacent foundation soil. In the paper a sensitivity analysis of modal frequency obtained by FEM eigenvalue analysis to the soil modelling approach is carried out. The case study is the historical bell tower of San Giuseppe in Aci Castello church. The natural frequencies of the tower, identified through OMA procedure are considered for comparison.

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Caddemi, Salvatore, Ivo Caliò, Francesco Cannizzaro, Domenico D'Urso, Bartolomeo Pantò, Davide Rapicavoli, and Giuseppe Occhipinti. "3D Discrete Macro-Modelling Approach for Masonry Arch Bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1825.

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<p>Masonry multi-span arch bridges are historical structures still playing a key role in many transportation networks of numerous countries. Most of these bridges are several decades old and have been subjected to continuous dynamic loadings, due to the vehicular traffic, and in many cases their maintenance required structural modifications. The currently adopted health monitoring strategies are based on in situ inspections as well as structural assessments based on numerical models characterised by different levels of reliability according to the required purpose. Simplified approaches are generally adopted for fast structural evaluation, on the other hand more rigorous approaches are fundamental for a reliable structural assessment of these particular structures, often characterized by very complex geometrical layouts and structural alterations not always sufficiently documented. This paper presents an original Discrete Macro-Element Method (DMEM) that allows a reliable simulation of the linear and nonlinear response of masonry structures and masonry bridges characterised by a lower computational burden, compared to classical nonlinear FEM analyses, although maintaining a good accuracy. The method is applied to a real masonry bridges and the results are compared with those obtained from a more sophisticated three- dimensional nonlinear FEM model both in linear and nonlinear context.</p>

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Milanesi, Riccardo Raimondo, Paolo Morandi, Guido Magenes, and Baris Binici. "FEM SIMULATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE OF AAC MASONRY INFILLS IN RC FRAMES." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3711.981.

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Sasaki, Takuya, Cairos Cuadra, Hirokazu Madokoro, Kazuhisa Nakasho, and Nobuhiro Shimoi. "Comparison of piezoelectric limit sensors with FEM analysis results of compression failure of brick masonry specimens." In 2016 16th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2016.7832466.

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Pugi, Francesco, and Alessio Francioso. "NONLINEAR ANALYSIS AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF MASONRY ARCHES: THE BLOCK-JOINT AND BLOCK-BLOCK FEM MODELS." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3539.683.

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Ciocci, M., R. Marques, and P. Lourenço. "Applicability of FEM and Pushover Analysis to Simulate the Shaking-Table Response of a Masonry Building Model with Timber Diaphragms." In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.029.

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Milanesi, Riccardo R., Guido Andreotti, Paolo Morandi, and Andrea Penna. "FEM SIMULATION OF THE IN-PLANE SEISMIC EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE OF R.C. FRAMES WITH UNREINFORCED AND BED-JOINT REINFORCED AAC MASONRY INFILLS." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7089.18853.

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Compagnone, E. "Numerical strategies for modelling masonry arch bridges strengthened with PBO-FRCM composites." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-55.

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Abstract. The work reports some numerical tests concerning the use of the Embedded Truss elements implemented in the Midas FEA NX software in modeling a specific FRCM reinforcement system for masonry structures. The efficacy of the finite element is demonstrated through the comparison of the numerical results with experimental results obtained by other authors relating both to the mechanical characterization of the FRCM system materials and to the response of masonry arch models. The Embedded Truss element appears to be promising for application to real large structures, such as masonry arch bridges of large span or multi-span masonry bridges.

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