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Статті в журналах з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Pavlunenko, L. E. "Feldspar materials in ukraine." Glass and Ceramics 67, no. 7-8 (November 18, 2010): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-010-9266-8.
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Stempkowska, Agata. "Characteristics of Thermal Parameters and Some Physical Properties of Mineral Eutectic Type: Petalite–Alkali Feldspars." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research was to check whether the system of three fluxes based on lithium aluminium silicate and alkali feldspars has a eutectic point, i.e., with the lowest melting temperature. Lithium was introduced into the mixtures in the form of petalite, which occurs naturally in nature (Bikita Zimbabwe deposit). Using naturally occurring raw materials such as petalite, sodium feldspar, and potassium feldspar, an attempt was made to obtain eutectics with the lowest melting point to facilitate thermal processing of the mineral materials. In addition, the high-temperature viscosity of the mineral alloys and physical parameters such as density, linear shrinkage, and open porosity were studied. The study showed that in these systems, there is one three-component eutectic at 1345 °C, with the lowest viscosity of 1·105 Pas and the highest density of 2.34g/cm3, with a weight content of petalite 20%, sodium feldspar 20%, and potassium feldspar 20%.
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Zahradník, Jan, Jakub Jirásek, Jaromír Starý, and Martin Sivek. "Production, Reserves, and Processing of Feldspar and Feldspathoid Rocks in the Czech Republic from 2005 to 2019—An Overview." Minerals 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to characterize and interpret the trends in reserves, resources, and mine production of feldspar and feldspathoid rocks during 2005–2019 in the Czech Republic. With over 101 Mt of total resources and 22 Mt of reserves, feldspar belongs to the crucial industrial minerals of the Czech Republic. With annual outputs of approximately 400–450 kt of feldspars and 20–35 kt of feldspathoid rocks (nepheline syenite), the Czech Republic ranks among the top European and world feldspar producers. Most of the production comes from leucocratic granitoid rocks (key active deposit: Krásno-Vysoký Kámen), followed by sedimentary rocks (key active deposit: Halámky), and granitic pegmatites (key active deposit: Luženičky). Nepheline syenite is mined at a single deposit. All deposits are extracted from open pits (quarries). Ongoing geological prospecting and exploration for new deposits are increasing available reserves and resources. The feldspar raw materials are used in the domestic glass and ceramic industries, while more than 50% is exported, generally to Poland and Germany.
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Jones, Rhian H. "Ternary feldspars: two-feldspar assemblages at P(H2O) = 5 kbar." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 371 (June 1989): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.371.10.
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AbstractIn a study of the liquidus surface in the silica-undersaturated part of the system Q-An-Ne-Ks at P(H2O) = 5 kbar, several two-feldspar plus liquid assemblages were obtained. The compositions of the feldspars were determined by electron microprobe analysis. The products of short runs (one or two days) consisted of fine intergrowths of two feldspars which may have crystallized during the heating period, or in the early stages of the run. Runs of four days were of sufficient length to coarsen these intergrowths such that individual euhedral crystals could be observed. However, analyses of the feldspar crystals from the longer runs showed a greater amount of ternary solid solution than expected. This may be attributed to the persistence of a small quantity of the second feldspar intergrown in the crystals. The slope of the tie-line joining one of the inferred pairs has been shown to be reproducible for gel and crystalline starting materials, hence the slopes of the tie-lines are believed to represent their equilibrium slopes.
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SPIERS, G. A., M. J. DUDAS, and L. W. TURCHENEK. "THE CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL PARENT MATERIALS IN NORTHEAST ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seven major parent materials from the Athabasca oil sands area were investigated for detailed mineralogy and chemistry. The clay mineral species identified and quantified were mica, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite and vermiculite. The fine (50–250 μm) sand mineralogical suite was dominated by quartz, with lesser amounts of Na-, K-, and Ca-feldspars, and minor amounts of individual heavy mineral species. Electronoptical examination indicated that the feldspar grains in the parent materials have undergone extensive preglacial weathering. Regional mean levels of all analyzed elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn, P, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn), with the exception of Ca, are related to textural variability. The variability of Ca levels within the study area is related to the occurrence of calcareous parent materials. The highest levels of all major, minor, and trace elements were associated with either the Legend unit derived largely from Cretaceous bedrock or with the modern sediments of the Athabasca delta. Key words: Soil parent materials, clay mineralogy, trace element levels, sand mineralogy, feldspar morphology
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Thanh Tam, Nguyen, Nguyen Hoai Phuong Duy, Tran Thi Phuong Thuy, Võ Thi Thanh Tien, and Tran Cong Khanh. "Synthesis of adsorbent materials from FELDSPAR for removal of ammonium in water." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i1.1002.
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In this study, adsorbent materials from natural feldspar were fabricated for application in +NH4 removal. Raw, pretreated by HCl 3M, and modified feldspar by NaOH and aluminum (Al powder, Al(OH)3, and AlCl3.6H2O) were used. Feldspar was modified under different experimental conditions including without calcination and calcinated at 500ºC and 700ºC. The influence of various operating parameters consisting of material size, adsorption time, +NH4 initial concentration and material dosage were investigated. Adsorbent materials < 0.1 mm in size showed the highest adsorption efficiency. Subsequently materials with size of < 0.1 mm were used for the following studies to investigate the affect of other parameters on +NH4 adsorption process. The highest removal efficiency (31.10%) and removal capacity (21.80 mg/g) were obtained by modified feldspar by NaOH and AlCl3.6H2O with calcination at 700ºC at +NH4 initial concentration of 5 ppm. Results from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the differences on surfaces of adsorption materials. Modified feldspar had a clean surface and more tiny pores compared to those of raw and pretreated feldspar resulting in an increased surface area. Consequently +NH4 adsorbent efficiency and removal capacity were increased. By BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) the specific surface areas of adsorbent materials were analyzed and the surface areas of raw, pretreated and modified feldspar were 0.484 m2/g, 0.988 m2/g and 2.024 m2/g, respectively. +NH4 adsorbent mechanisms of all raw, pretreated, and modified feldspar materials were found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.989 which described the monolayer type of the adsorption.
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Abiola, Oluranti Adetunji, Adekola Olayinka Oke, Babatunde Victor Omidiji, and Dare Aderibigbe Adetan. "The Effect of Beneficiation on Some Properties of Osun State Ceramic Raw Materials." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2019.3.3.62.
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Clay, feldspar and silica sand are important industrial minerals which often need treatment commonly known as beneficiation to improve the quality of ceramic tiles produced from these materials. The different minerals, after sorting, were treated separately in distilled water, alcohol and hydrochloric acid before being crushed in a ball mill; they were then characterized using a pelletron accelerator. The results show an increased silicon content for clay, silica sand and feldspar; and reduced aluminum content for clay and silica sand but not for feldspar. Iron impurity and its oxide are also shown to reduce by over 50% in all the minerals while potassium was found to be the dominant element in feldspar among the defining elements. In conclusion, the increased quartz in the mineral will improve the hardness, density, porosity, and rigidity of ceramic tiles as well as providing support and controlling shrinkage. Furthermore, increasing the mineral quotient in feldspar will enhance its fluxing potential.
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Cho, Jin Woo, Ju Hyung Lee, Eun Kyeong Choi, and Sung Wook Kim. "Mechanical Behavior of Stabilizing Materials Using Silicate Mineral Powder." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to develop eco-friendly materials that can reduce the high unit weight of carbonate cement, as typical ground improvement material, and the release of harmful substances. Silicate binder, which is an inorganic matter based on a silicate mineral, includes kaolin, illite and metakaolin. A silicate mineral is made into silicate binder through continuous weathering. Most clay minerals belong to this silicate binder. This study conducted a preliminary study on the strength properties of feldspar powder with high activity. A specimen was made using various silicate material sources such as feldspar, metakaolin, silica fume, illite, dolomite and silica stone. This study analyzed the uniaxial compressive strength according to the type and particle size of silicate binder. The analysis result showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of a specimen using feldspar powder as silicate binder was highest. In particular, the compressive strength of a specimen where silicate powder was added as binder was higher compared to normal cement. This means that feldspar powder with high activity can be utilized as an eco-friendly resource that can replace cement.
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ABIOLA, OLURANTI, ADEKOLA OKE, BABATUNDE OMIDIJI, and DARE ADETAN. "THE EFFECT OF RAW MATERIALS ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OSUN STATE CERAMIC TILES." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 27, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v27i1.246.
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The study evaluates the effect of ceramic raw materials on the physical properties of ceramic tiles with a view to determine the tiles with the best material blend. Ten different blends of clay – feldspar – silica was used to produce ceramic samples. The results show that sample with 60 % clay, 30 % feldspar and 10% silica have the best water absorption (10.43%) and apparent porosity (22.77 %); while sample with 60 % clay, 20 % feldspar and 20 % silica exhibits the highest apparent relative density of 2.79. Sample with 50 % clay, 40 % feldspar and 10 % silica possesses the best bulk density of 1.43 g/cm3. Conclusively, the ceramic sample produced can be useful in the production of wall tiles.
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Buzunova, Tatiana A., and Varvara N. Shigaeva. "Assessing the possibility of using dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites at the Kedrovoe feldspar deposit." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 7 (November 11, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-45-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Feldspar raw material is a natural source of silica, alumina, and alkali metal oxides. Each type of feldspar is distinguished by its applications and concentration methods. The main effective method of feldspar raw material concentration is flotation in the course of which the majority of harmful impurities are separated. However, this method is rather costly due to flotation reagents purchase, tailings ponds organization and maintenance, etc. Research relevance. Feldspar dry concertation technologies are promising in terms of resource-saving but uncommon. So, the development of a dry concertation technology for feldspar raw materials seems highly relevant. Research objective is to study the possibility of employing dry concentration technology to process feldspar raw materials at the new Kedrovoe deposit Methods of research. Laboratory equipment of JSC Uralmekhanobr was used for the research, namely centrifugal crusher DC-0.5; centrifugal deflection mill; laboratory-scale cascade classifier; dry electromagnetic separator SMS-20M ITOMAK, and tribo electrostatic separator. Results. The trials confirmed that it is possible to process Kedrovoe feldspar raw materials by dry methods and effectively use centrifugal crushing and grinding as preparation of raw materials for concentration. Feldspar concentrate with a mass fraction of Fe2O3 – 0.30%; SiO2 – 69.42%; Al2O3 – 17.36%; K2O + Na2O – 11.84% has been obtained, which meets the specifications. Conclusions. The technological studies confirmed the possibility in principle of using feldspar raw material dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites of the Kedrovoe deposit at the processing plant of Malyshevskoe Ore Management JSC. Saleable feldspar concentrate has been obtained.
Дисертації з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Soares, Filho José Elson. "Formulações de massa cerâmicas com substituição parcial do feldspato por resíduo de vidro." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/445.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Brazil is one of the references in the world market of ceramic tiles, ranking second in production and consumption. Only in 2012 were produced 865.9 million square feet, for a total installed capacity of 1.004 million square meters. An important aspect of the ceramic industry in the global context, is the continuous technological development, the widespread use of ceramics in various applications and environments and the increasing incorporation of waste from other sectors, giving sustainability concepts in the industry. Brazil produces on average 980 000 tonnes of glass packaging a year and has about a recycling rate of 47%. This study aimed to present one more option to the use of waste glass, which is still poorly recycled in Brazil, analyzing the influence of the replacement of feldspar in a ceramic, for residue from glass bottles are not returnable to the market. We tested three different percentages of glass waste, but also the influence on the behavior of the residue the technological properties with variation of firing temperature. Previously, all materials used in this work were characterized by the techniques of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and particle size. After established formulations, manufacturing and burning the bodies of the test piece, checked the technological properties and microstructure of established formulations. The results indicate that the glass waste has the potential to be used as a flux alternative to replace feldspar in the production of ceramic tiles for different purposes, according to NBR 13817/1997.
O Brasil é uma das referências no mercado mundial de revestimentos cerâmicos, ocupando a segunda posição em produção e consumo. Só no ano de 2012 foram produzidos 865,9 milhões de metros quadrados, para uma capacidade instalada de 1.004 milhões de metros quadrados. Um aspecto importante da indústria cerâmica, no contexto mundial, é o contínuo desenvolvimento tecnológico, a disseminação do uso de cerâmica em diferentes aplicações e ambientes e a crescente incorporação de resíduos provenientes de outros setores, dando conceitos de sustentabilidade no setor. O Brasil produz em média 980 mil toneladas de embalagens de vidro por ano e possui, aproximadamente, um índice de reciclagem de 47%. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar mais uma opção para o aproveitamento do resíduo de vidro, que ainda é pouco reciclado no Brasil,analisando a influência da substituição do feldspato, em uma massa cerâmica, por resíduo de vidro proveniente de garrafas não retornáveis ao mercado. Foram testadas três diferentes percentuais de resíduo de vidro, como também a influência no comportamento do resíduo nas propriedades tecnológicas com a variação de temperatura de queima. Previamente, todos os materiais utilizados no trabalho foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica e granulométrica. Após estabelecidas as formulações, confecção e queima dos corpos-de-prova, foram verificadas as propriedades tecnológicas e microestruturais das formulações estabelecidas. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o resíduo de vidro apresentou potencial de ser utilizado como fundente alternativo em substituição ao feldspato, na produção de revestimentos cerâmicos para diferentes finalidades, de acordo com a norma NBR 13817/1997.
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Stumpf, Aisha de Souza Gomes. "Comportamento mecânico de cerâmicas à base de alumina e de alumina-feldspato em meio de ácido acético (4%)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32006.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as propriedades mecânicas de cerâmicas à base de alumina e alumina-feldspato quando expostas a um meio agressivo (ácido acético 4%). Os corpos cerâmicos de alumina, contendo diferentes quantidades de feldspato (0, 1, 5, 10, 40 ou 100%), foram sinterizados a 1160, 1300, 1600 ou 1700ºC. Os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tamanho do entalhe infligido (0, 30 ou 50% da largura do corpo-de-prova). Metade dos corpos cerâmicos foi exposta a uma solução de ácido acético a 4%. Os corpos cerâmicos sem e após ataque foram submetidos a ensaios para a determinação da resistência mecânica e do KIC; (por flexão a 4-pontos), área superficial (BET) e porosidade (método de Arquimedes). A microestrutura foi investigada por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, incluindo mapeamento por EDS, para a determinação da presença e distribuição de elementos químicos de interesse (C, O, Al, Si, K, Na, Mg). A solução lixiviada pelo ataque por ácido acético foi analisa para a determinação da concentração dos íons (Na+, Al+3, Si+4 e K+). Os resultados mostraram que os corpos cerâmicos sinterizados a 1700ºC, quando expostos ao ácido acético, diminuem sua resistência mecânica. Para os corpos cerâmicos sinterizados a 1600ºC a resistência mecânica não foi alterada. Nessas amostras, o KIC até aumentou após a exposição ao ácido acético. O ataque por ácido acético causou aumento na área superficial específica e do volume total de poros, o que foi confirmado pela concentração de íons na solução lixiviada pelo ataque por ácido acético. A fase vítrea, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, auxilia os corpos cerâmicos à base de alumina-feldspato a adquirir as propriedades mecânicas similares, ou até melhores, do que os corpos cerâmicos de alumina, dependendo da temperatura de sinterização. Isso sugere que é possível aperfeiçoar a formulação e a temperatura de queima de cerâmicas baseado na introdução de fase vítrea na microestrutura dos materiais, a fim de enfrentarem o rigor do ambiente oral.This study investigates the mechanical properties of alumina-feldspar based ceramics when exposed to an aggressive environment (acetic acid 4%). Alumina ceramics containing different concentrations of feldspar (0, 1, 5, 10, 40 or 100%) were sintered at one of the temperatures 1160, 1300, 1600, or 1700oC. The samples were divided according to the inflicted flaws (of height 0, 30, or 50%). Half of these ceramic bodies were exposed to 4% acetic acid. The ceramic bodies whether or not exposed to acetic acid were tested in order to determine mechanical resistance and KIC (4 point bending test), superficial area (BET) and porosity (Archimedes). The microstructure was analyzed by optical and scanning microscopy, including element mapping performed by EDS to determine the presence and distribution of specific chemical elements (C, O, Al, Si, K, Na, Mg). The leachate solution was evaluated to determine the concentration of ions (Na+, Al+3, Si+4 e K+). The results showed that the ceramic bodies sintered at 1700oC decrease their mechanical resistance when exposed to acetic acid. The mechanical resistance for ceramic bodies sintered at 1600ºC was not altered. In these samples, the KIC even increased after acetic acid exposure. The acetic acid attack increased specific superficial area and total pore volume, which was confirmed by the ion concentration on the leachate solution. The glassy phase, even in small amounts, aids the alumina-feldspar based ceramics in acquiring similar or even better mechanical properties than alumina ceramic bodies, depending of sintering temperature. This suggests that is possible to enhance both formulation and sintering temperature of ceramics based on the introduction of glassy phase into the microstructure in order to face the rigors of the oral environment.
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Santos, Leonardo Leandro dos. "Adição de cinza da lenha de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) em massa cerâmica para revestimento." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/448.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
It is estimated that there are 500,000 acres of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) planted in the Brazilian Northeast, 45% only on State of Paraíba. In State, the wood is used almost exclusively as fuel on drying kilns and firing of ceramic products in brick kilns, generating ash as residue. These ashes contain a high concentration of alkaline metals and earth metals, mainly CaO and K2O. This work studies the use of this residue in the ceramic tiles industry, in substitution to the feldspar. Thirteen mixtures with equal ratios of clay, kaolin and quartz, and the residue (varying from 5% to 20%, still under three granulometric perspectives), and prepared specimens of dimensions 110 mm x 55 mm x 8 mm in uniaxial tool die, with compacting pressure of 15 MPa. The samples were fired in three different temperatures: 1160°C, 1190°C and 1220°C, during 20 minutes, and characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, gravimetric thermal analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results of water absorption, apparent porosity and specific mass, linear shrinkage and flexural strength were also analysed. The specimens with addition of 5 and 10% ash, of granulometric -#35 +#60 (250 μm < particle size < 500 μm), fired in 1220°C, presented results of water absorption of 0.99% and 0.62%, respectively, which according to the ABNT, ASTM and ISO standards can be classified as stoneware tiles, and flexural strength of 23.3 and 23.0 MPa, respectively, being classified as coating materials.
Estima-se que existam 500 mil hectares de algarobeiras (Prosopis juliflora) plantadas no Nordeste, 45% do montante só na Paraíba. No Estado, a lenha é utilizada quase que exclusivamente como combustível nos fornos de secagem e queima de produtos cerâmicos nas olarias, gerando uma cinza como resíduo/subproduto. As cinzas da lenha de algaroba apresentam elevadas concentrações de metais alcalinos e alcalinos-terrosos, principalmente CaO e K2O. O presente trabalho estuda a utilização desse resíduo na indústria de placas cerâmicas para revestimentos, em substituição ao feldspato. Foram definidas 13 formulações com iguais proporções de argila, caulim e quartzo, e o resíduo (variando de 5 a 20%, ainda sob três perspectivas granulométricas), e confeccionados corpos de prova de dimensões 110 mm x 55 mm x 8 mm em matriz uniaxial, com pressão de compactação de 15 MPa. As amostras foram sinterizadas em três níveis de temperatura, 1160°C, 1190°C e 1220°C, com patamar de queima de 20 minutos. Foram realizados ensaios para caracterização das matérias-primas por fluorescência de raios-X, difração de raios-X, AG, DTA e ATG, e analisados os resultados de absorção de água, porosidade e massa específica aparentes, retração linear e tensão de ruptura à flexão. Os corpos de prova com adição de 5 e 10% de cinzas, de granulometria -#35 +#60 (250 μm < tamanho de partícula < 500 μm), sinterizados a 1220°C, apresentaram resultados de absorção de água de 0,99% e 0,62%, respectivamente, o que segundo as normas ABNT, ASTM e ISO podem ser classificados como grês porcelanato, e resistência à flexão de 23,3 e 23,0 MPa, respectivamente, caracterizando-os como materiais de revestimento.
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Perold, Jacques. "Ceramic parameters in the financial evaluation of brick clay deposits, with reference to two South African examples." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212007-121848.
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Brito, Jorge Ferreira. "Produ??o de gr?s porcelanato a partir de mat?rias-primas do estado da Bahia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15587.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-19Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The State Bahia, Brazil, presents different geological sites it with a very expressive variety minerals. It is situated among the very important States which produces minerals for industries, such as pointed aggregate, ornamentals stones and ceramics raw materials. Nowadays only four companies producting ceramics tiles. Porcelainized stoneware tiles is one of the noblest ceramics, depicting low water absorption (typically below of 0,5%), in addition to excellent staining resistance and mechanical strength. The present work aims at investigating the potential of local raw materials for the production of porcelainized stoneware tiles. For this purpose, these materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, thermal differential analysis and dilatometric analysis. Admixtures containing different compositions were prepared and fired at four temperatures, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C and 1250 ?C with isotherm for 60 minute and heathing rate of 5 oC/min. After firing the samples, they were characterized by water absorption tests, linear retraction, analysis, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, flexural strength, and microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy . The results revealed three ceramics with porcelainized stoneware tiles characteristics and porcelain tile will be produce from raw materials originated in the State of Bahia
O Estado da Bahia apresenta uma diversidade de terrenos geol?gicos que encerra uma expressiva dota??o mineral e est? situado entre os mais importantes Estados produtores de minerais industriais, ressaltando-se agregados, rochas ornamentais e mat?rias-primas cer?micas. Atualmente somente quatro empresas produzem placas cer?micas. O gr?s porcelanato ? uma das mais nobres cer?micas de revestimento devido a sua baixa absor??o d ?gua (tipicamente abaixo de 0,5%), al?m de apresentar excelentes caracter?sticas t?cnicas, destacando-se pelas elevadas resist?ncias mec?nica, ao risco e ao manchamento. O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de avaliar o potencial das mat?rias-primas, feldspato, argila e caulim, utilizado na produ??o de gr?s porcelanato no estado da Bahia. Para isso, foi feita a caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), difra??o de raios X (DRX), an?lise granulom?trica (AG), an?lise t?rmica gravim?trica (TG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA) e an?lise dilatom?trica, elaborando-se sete formula??es que foram queimadas nas temperaturas: 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C e 1250 ?C, com isoterma de 60 minutos e taxa de aquecimento de 5 oC/ min. Ap?s a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, an?lise dilatom?trica, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o, difra??o de raios X e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Em tr?s formula??es foram obtidas, propriedades compat?veis com as exigidas para a produ??o do gr?s porcelanato com mat?rias-primas oriundas do Estado da Bahia
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Toman, Boris. "Vývoj anortitové keramiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When firing calcium ceramic materials creates a new crystalline phase anorthite. It can significantly improve the properties of ceramic body. This work deals with the possibilities of development anortitové ceramics using non-plastic raw materials, particularly alumina cement compared with conventional ceramics based on mullite.
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Дайнеко, Катерина Борисівна. "Низькотемпературний електротехнічний фарфор". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/17935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.11 – технологія тугоплавких неметалічних матеріалів. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015 р. Дисертацію присвячено розробці енергоощадної технології фарфору електро-технічного призначення на основі вітчизняної пірофілітової та польовошпатової сировини. При проектуванні складів низькотемпературного електрофарфору використані результати мікрорівневого моделювання поведінки матеріалу при механічних навантаженнях та фізико-хімічних досліджень композицій, що належать елементарному тетраедру A₃S₂–NAS₆–KAS₆–S системи Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂. Область композицій для розробки фарфору з температурою випалу 1200 °С обмежена вмістом компонентів, мас. %: SiO₂ 55÷65, Al₂O₃ 20÷45, K₂O 2÷4, Na₂O 2÷4. Встановлено, що для інтенсифікації спікання та фазоутворення електрофарфору при зниженій температурі випалу необхідним є використання комплексних плавнів та мінералізуючих добавок. На основі досліджень складу та властивостей вітчизняних та зарубіжних польовошпатових і пірофілітових матеріалів обґрунтовано вибір сировини для виробництва низькотемпературного електрофарфору. Встановлено фізико-хімічні закономірності формування низькотемпературного електрофарфору та отримані математичні моделі залежностей його властивостей від складу мас. Розроблено склади і технологічні параметри виготовлення низько-температурного електрофарфору з комплексом високих електрофізичних та механічних властивостей (пробивна напруга Епр = 30 кВ∙мм¯¹, питомий об'ємний електроопір ρV20°С = 4,1·10¹⁴ Ом·см, тангенс кута діелектричних втрат tg δ ·10³= 12,1, міцність на розрив ζрозр = 31 МПа).Thesis for granting the Degree of the Candidate of Technical Sciences on the spe-ciality 05.17.11 – Technology of Refractory Non-Metallic Materials. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2015. The thesis is devoted to the development of porcelain energy saving technology of electrotechnical designation on the basis of national feldspar and pyrophylite raw materials. The results of microlevel modeling of material behavior at temperature-strength stress and physical-chemical research of mixtures belonging to elementary tetrahedron A₃S₂–NAS₆–KAS₆–S of system Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ were used when designing low-temperature electroporcelain compositions. The mass area for porcelain designing compositions with firing temperature 1200 °C is limited by component content, weight. %: SiO₂ 55÷65, Al₂O₃ 20÷45, K₂O 2÷4, Na₂O 2÷4. It was shown that for sintering intensification and electroporcelain phase formation at low firing temperature it is necessary to use complex fluxes and mineralizing additives. Based on studies of composition and properties of Ukrainian and foreign feldspar and pyrophylite materials the choice of raw materials for the production of low electroporcelain was justified. The physical and chemical regularities of low electroporcelain formation were shown and the mathematical models of its properties dependence on the mass composition were received. The composition and technological parameters of manufacturing low-temperature eleсtroporcelain with complex of high electrophysical and mechanical properties (breakdown voltage 30 kV∙mm¯¹, volume resistivity 4,1·10¹⁴ Оhm·cm, dielectric loss tg δ·10³= 12,1, tensile strength of 31 MPa) were developed.
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Дайнеко, Катерина Борисівна. "Низькотемпературний електротехнічний фарфор". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/17928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.11 – технологія тугоплавких неметалічних матеріалів. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015 р.
Дисертацію присвячено розробці енергоощадної технології фарфору електро-технічного призначення на основі вітчизняної пірофілітової та польовошпатової сировини. При проектуванні складів низькотемпературного електрофарфору використані результати мікрорівневого моделювання поведінки матеріалу при механічних навантаженнях та фізико-хімічних досліджень композицій, що належать елементарному тетраедру A₃S₂–NAS₆–KAS₆–S системи Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂. Область композицій для розробки фарфору з температурою випалу 1200 °С обмежена вмістом компонентів, мас. %: SiO₂ 55÷65, Al₂O₃ 20÷45, K₂O 2÷4, Na₂O 2÷4. Встановлено, що для інтенсифікації спікання та фазоутворення електрофарфору при зниженій температурі випалу необхідним є використання комплексних плавнів та мінералізуючих добавок. На основі досліджень складу та властивостей вітчизняних та зарубіжних польовошпатових і пірофілітових матеріалів обґрунтовано вибір сировини для виробництва низькотемпературного електрофарфору. Встановлено фізико-хімічні закономірності формування низькотемпературного електрофарфору та отримані математичні моделі залежностей його властивостей від складу мас. Розроблено склади і технологічні параметри виготовлення низько-температурного електрофарфору з комплексом високих електрофізичних та механічних властивостей (пробивна напруга Епр = 30 кВ∙мм¯¹, питомий об'ємний електроопір ρV20°С = 4,1·10¹⁴ Ом·см, тангенс кута діелектричних втрат tg δ ·10³= 12,1, міцність на розрив ζрозр = 31 МПа).Thesis for granting the Degree of the Candidate of Technical Sciences on the spe-ciality 05.17.11 – Technology of Refractory Non-Metallic Materials. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2015. The thesis is devoted to the development of porcelain energy saving technology of electrotechnical designation on the basis of national feldspar and pyrophylite raw materials. The results of microlevel modeling of material behavior at temperature-strength stress and physical-chemical research of mixtures belonging to elementary tetrahedron A₃S₂–NAS₆–KAS₆–S of system Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ were used when designing low-temperature electroporcelain compositions. The mass area for porcelain designing compositions with firing temperature 1200 °C is limited by component content, weight. %: SiO₂ 55÷65, Al₂O₃ 20÷45, K₂O 2÷4, Na₂O 2÷4. It was shown that for sintering intensification and electroporcelain phase formation at low firing temperature it is necessary to use complex fluxes and mineralizing additives. Based on studies of composition and properties of Ukrainian and foreign feldspar and pyrophylite materials the choice of raw materials for the production of low electroporcelain was justified. The physical and chemical regularities of low electroporcelain formation were shown and the mathematical models of its properties dependence on the mass composition were received. The composition and technological parameters of manufacturing low-temperature eleсtroporcelain with complex of high electrophysical and mechanical properties (breakdown voltage 30 kV∙mm¯¹, volume resistivity 4,1·10¹⁴ Оhm·cm, dielectric loss tg δ·10³= 12,1, tensile strength of 31 MPa) were developed.
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Dultra, Eduardo Jorge Vidal. "Adi??o de subprodutos da cinza da casca de caf? (coffea canephora) em massa cer?mica para porcelanato." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12834.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-23Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
To produce porcelain tiles fluxing agents are used in order to obtain a liquid phase during firing. This liquid phase fills the pores decreasing porosity, water absorption and contributes to material densification. In the porcelain tiles industry, feldspar is the main flux material used, with quantities ranging between 35 and 50%. Studies focus on the discovery of materials with flux characteristics that can reduce the consumption of feldspar by porcelain tiles industry. In this context, the coffee husk ashes, a residue obtained when coffee husks are burned to produce heat for the dryers during the processing of the green fruit, have as main chemical constituents potassium, calcium and magnesium, giving them characteristics of fluxing material. Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and is responsible for over 30% of the world s production. In this work a physical treatment of coffee husk ash was carried out in order to eliminate the organic matter and, after this, two by-products were obtained: residual wastes R1 and R2. Both residues were added separately as single fluxes and also in association with feldspar in mixtures with raw materials collected in a porcelain industry located in Dias d ?vila-Ba. The addition of these residues aimed to contribute to the reduction of the consumption of feldspar in the production of porcelain tiles. Specimens were produced with dimensions of 60 mm x 20 mm x 6 mm in an uniaxial die with compacting pressure of 45 MPa. The samples were heated to a temperature of 1200 ?C, for 8 minutes. Tests were performed to characterize the raw materials by XRF, XRD, particle size analysis, DTA and TGA and, additionally, the results of the physical properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, density, dilatometry, flexural strength and SEM of sintered body were analyzed. Additions of less than 8% of the residue R1 contributed to the decrease of porosity, but the mechanical strength of the samples was not satisfactory. Additions of 5% the R2 residue contributed significantly to decrease the water absorption and apparent porosity, and also to increase the mechanical strength. Samples with addition of feldspar associated with the R2 residue, in proportions of 6.7% of R2 and 6.7% of feldspar, led to results of water absorption of 0.12% and mechanical strength of 46 MPa, having parameters normalized to the manufacture of porcelain stoneware tiles
Na fabrica??o de porcelanatos s?o utilizados fundentes com a finalidade de obter fase l?quida durante a queima que, por sua vez, preenche os poros diminuindo a porosidade, a absor??o de ?gua, e contribui para a densifica??o do material. Na ind?stria de porcelanatos o feldspato ? o principal material fundente utilizado, com percentuais que variam entre 35 e 50% em massa. Pesquisas s?o direcionadas para a descoberta de materiais com caracter?sticas fundentes que possam diminuir o consumo de feldspato. Nesse contexto, a cinza da casca de caf?, res?duo obtido quando cascas de caf? s?o queimadas a fim de produzir calor para os secadores mec?nicos durante o beneficiamento do fruto, possuem como principais elementos o pot?ssio, c?lcio e magn?sio, conferindo-lhe caracter?sticas de material fundente. O Brasil ? o maior produtor de caf? do mundo, respons?vel por mais de 30% da produ??o mundial. Nesse trabalho, foi realizado um tratamento f?sico na cinza de caf? com a finalidade de eliminar parte do material carbonizado e, ap?s este, foram obtidos dois subprodutos: res?duo R1 e res?duo R2. Ambos os res?duos foram adicionados, separadamente, como ?nicos fundentes, e tamb?m associados ao feldspato, em massas com mat?rias primas coletadas em uma f?brica de porcelanatos localizada no munic?pio de Dias d ?vila-Ba. A adi??o desses res?duos teve o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade de reduzir o consumo de feldspato na produ??o de porcelanatos. Foram confeccionados corpos de prova com dimens?es de 60 mm x 20 mm x 6 mm em matriz uniaxial, com press?o de compacta??o de 45 MPa. Os corpos de prova foram sinterizados na temperatura de 1200 ?C com patamar de 8 minutos. Foram realizados ensaios para caracteriza??o das mat?riasprimas por FRX, DRX, AG, ATD e ATG, e analisados os resultados das propriedades f?sicas de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear, MEA, an?lise dilatom?trica, resist?ncia ? flex?o e MEV do corpo sinterizado. A adi??o de at? 8% do res?duo R1 contribuiu para a diminui??o da porosidade aparente, por?m a resist?ncia mec?nica das amostras n?o foi satisfat?ria. A adi??o de 5% de res?duo R2 contribuiu significativamente para diminuir absor??o de ?gua e porosidade aparente, e tamb?m, para o aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. As amostras com adi??o do res?duo R2 associado ao feldspato, nas propor??es de 6,7% de R2 e 6,7% de feldspato, obtiveram resultados de absor??o de ?gua de 0,12% e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o de 46 MPa, atendendo aos par?metros normalizados para fabrica??o de porcelanatos
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Baucia, Júnior José Augusto. "Estudo da utilização de fundentes alternativos ao feldspato em composições de porcelanato." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/798.
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-05Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The porcelainized stoneware has been outstanding in the current market of ceramic tiles because it offers excellent technical and esthetic features. In this research traditional ceramic raw materials were selected and a standard formulation reported in the literature was adopted, aiming to replace the vitreous phase former (feldspar) from the composition by two fluxing agents at high temperature. The objective was to evaluate these materials as a technical alternative with lower cost (30-40%), since, in the porcelain, the amount of flux former is very large, and represents approximately 50% of all raw materials used. The nepheline syenite was the natural raw material selected to replace the feldspar due to the fact that it belongs to the family of feldspathoids, and has similar physicochemical characteristics, therefore, high fluxing efficiency. The second vitreous phase former was a synthetic material, named flux agent, with physical and chemical characteristics very different from those of the feldspar and even greater fluxing efficiency. The replacement of feldspar occurred in complete and in part, through combinations of the alternative fluxes. The masses were processed from mixing of powders, wet milling, drying, desagglomeration, compaction and firing. In addition to the curves of vitrification, techniques, as sedimentometry, dilatometry, flexure strength test, electron microscopy, piroplastic deformation measurements and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the material sintered at different temperatures. The most important results show that it is possible to combine nepheline and synthetic flux as alternative material other than feldspar because they promote vitrification at lower temperatures. Compositions with both fluxes showed low values of water absorption (<0.1%) and high mechanical strength (45 MPa) when compared to the standard, despite of the higher piroplastic deformation. The presence of nepheline does not change qualitatively the formation of phases and the flow generates new crystalline phases, in according to phases diagram.
O porcelanato tem se destacado no mercado atual de revestimentos cerâmicos, pois apresenta excelentes características técnicas e estéticas. Neste trabalho foram selecionadas matérias-primas cerâmicas tradicionais e adotada uma formulação padrão convencionalmente reportada na literatura, visando à substituição da fase fundente (feldspato) da composição por dois tipos de matérias-primas formadoras de fase líquida em alta temperatura. O objetivo foi avaliar essas matérias-primas como alternativa técnica e de menor custo (30 a 40% menor), uma vez que, em massas de porcelanato, a quantidade de fundente representa aproximadamente 50% do total das matérias-primas utilizadas. A nefelina sienito foi a matéria-prima natural substituta escolhida por pertencer à família dos feldspatóides, que possui características físico-químicas semelhantes ao feldspato, portanto, uma elevada fundência. O segundo fundente foi um material sintético, denominado neste trabalho como fluxo, com características físico-químicas bem diferentes e uma fundência ainda maior. A substituição ao feldspato ocorreu de maneira total e/ou parcial, por meio de combinações entre os fundentes alternativos. As massas foram processadas a partir da mistura de pós, moagem a úmido, secagem, desaglomeração, compactação e queima. Além das curvas de gresificação, técnicas como sedimentometria, dilatometria, ensaio de resistência mecânica à flexão a três pontos, microscopia eletrônica, medidas de deformação piroplástica e difratometria de raios X foram utilizadas para a caracterização dos materiais após queima em diversas temperaturas. Os principais resultados mostraram que, a princípio, é possível a combinação das matérias-primas nefelina e fluxo como material alternativo ao feldspato, pois elas proporcionam a gresificação em temperaturas mais baixas. Composições com ambos fundentes apresentaram baixos valores de absorção de água (<0,1%) e elevada resistência mecânica (45 MPa) quando comparadas a padrão, apesar de maior deformação piroplástica. A presença da nefelina não altera qualitativamente a formação de fases e o fluxo gera novas fases cristalinas em acordo com o diagrama de equilíbrio de fases.
Книги з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Andriamanantena, Ranaivoarivelo. Note sur les feldspaths malgaches utilisables en céramique. Antananarivo: Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy, Ministère de l'industrie, de l'énergie et des mines, Direction des mines et de la géologie, Service de la géologie, 1987.
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Hendry, G. L. Trace Element Data For Five BCS Certified Reference Materials: Soda Feldspar 375, Potash Feldspar 376, Dolomite 368, Bauxite 395, Magnesite 389. Stoke-on-Trent: The Association, 1988.
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J, Kohn Matthew, Rakovan John F, and Hughes John M. 1952-, eds. Phosphates: Geochemical, geobiological, and materials importance. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 2002.
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(Editor), Matthew J. Kohn, John F. Rakovan (Editor), and John M. Hughes (Editor), eds. Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance (Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, V. 48). Mineralogical Society of America, 2002.
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M, Hanchar John, Hoskin Paul W. O, and Mineralogical Society of America, eds. Zircon. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 2003.
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Crystallization kinetics of barium and strontium aluminosilicate glasses of feldspar composition. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Rogers, William Z. "Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite -2002." In Whitewares and Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 2, 272–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294796.ch39.
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Aliyu, Zainab Shehu, Adele Dzikwi Garkida, Edwin Adoyi Ali, and Muhammad Dauda. "Characterization of Feldspar by Instrumental Analytical Techniques." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 291–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093404.ch36.
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Aliyu, Zainab Shehu, Adele Dzikwi Garkida, Edwin Adoyi Ali, and Muhammad Dauda. "Characterization of Feldspar by Instrumental Analytical Techniques." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 291–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48191-3_36.
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Papike, James J. "Chapter 7. COMPARATIVE PLANETARY MINERALOGY: CHEMISTRY OF MELT-DERIYED PYROXENE, FELDSPAR, AND OLIVINE." In Planetary Materials, edited by James J. Papike, 1007–18. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508806-022.
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Kronberg, Thomas, and Kaj Fröberg. "Melting Behavior in the Wollastonite-Feldspar-Quartz System." In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 22, Issue 2, 167–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294673.ch28.
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Satish, B. M., and B. M. Girish. "Evaluation of Wear Behavior of Feldspar Particles Reinforced Copper Alloy Composite Materials." In THERMEC 2006, 797–802. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.797.
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Thompson, Gregory R., and Girard W. Phelps. "Utilization of Flotation Feldspar Tailings in Vitreous Chinaware Bodies." In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 1982 Fall Meeting of the Materials & Equipment/Whitewares/Structural Clay: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 4, Issue 11/12, 929–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470320181.ch3.
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Štyriaková, Iveta. "Influence of Chelators on Iron Solubilization from Quartz and Feldspars by Bioleaching." In Advanced Materials Research, 87–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-452-9.87.
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Ciullo, Peter A. "Clay with Character (Feldspars Are Funky, but Smectites Are Swell)." In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 22, Issue 2, 39–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294673.ch11.
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Ekpunobi, Uchenna, Christopher Ihueze, Philomena Igbokwe, Azubike Ekpunobi, Happiness Obiora-Ilouno, Chijioke Onu, Sunday Agbo, et al. "Production of Electrical Porcelain Insulators from Local Raw Materials: A Review." In Clay and Clay Minerals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviewed the production of electric porcelain insulators utilizing from local raw materials from developing countries. The raw materials used were feldspar, quartz/silica and kaolin. The chemical composition, mineralogy, and thermal properties of the raw materials were characterized using AAS, XRD, and TGA respectively. Different weight percentage combinations of the individual raw materials were investigated by the authors. Most of the results showed relatively acceptable porcelain insulators properties such as low water absorption, porosity, high insulation resistance, dielectric strength and bulk density. The paper showed that electric porcelain insulators with good properties can be produced from available local raw materials in some developing countries using appropriate formulations. However, for production of improved porcelain insulators properties, suggestions were made on the areas for future research.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Rudko, Georgii, Mariia Kyrilo, and Maksym Ozerko. "MULTICOMPONENT DEPOSITS WITH BY-PRODUCT AS THE MAIN SOURCE OF FELDSPAR RAW MATERIALS FOR MODERN TECHNOLOGIES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Feldspar is raw materials with a growing volume of production every year, as well as a price for it. Feldspar consumption has been gradually increasing in ceramics, glass industry for solar panels, housing, and building construction. Feldspar raw materials include intrusive, effusive rocks, weathering crust of crystalline rocks, sedimentary altered and altered rocks, as well as partially medium and basic aluminosilicate rocks. It was defined an industrial application for each species of feldspar. Potassium feldspars (orthoclase, microcline, sanidine) are used in electroceramic, electrode, abrasive, and ceramics industries. For these productions, the potash module is fixed in a ratio of 2: 1. For some industries, in particular the manufacture of high-voltage ceramics, the necessary feldspars are as close as possible to pure potassium (with a modulus of at least 4: 1, which corresponds to 80% of the orthoclase component). Potassium-sodium raw materials, from a potassium modulus of at least 0.9, are used for building construction. Sodium minerals with non-standardized potassium modulus are used for the glass industry, the production of enamels, and products such as vitreous porcelain. Calcium feldspars, represented by plagioclase of higher numbers, have limited practical application and their presence in feldspar concentrates is undesirable. According to mineral associations, all types of feldspar raw materials can be divided into five types: 1) feldspar (syenites, trachitis); 2) quartz-feldspar (pegmatites, granites, sands, etc.); 3) nepheline-feldspar (nepheline syenites, alkaline pegmatites); 4) quartz-sericite-feldspar (shales, secondary quartzites); 5) quartz-kaolinite-feldspar (sands, alkaline kaolins, secondary quartzites). It is shown on the example of Ukrainian deposits of feldspar minerals that complex deposits with by-products become the main source for production. Especially if these are new mining operation facilities. The authors have identified three main types of such complex multicomponent deposits: 1) deposits of intrusive rocks where weathering crust of crystalline rocks are mined as a byproduct; 2) complex deposits, where feldspar rocks are enclosing or overburden and can also be considered as byproducts; 3) deposits where feldspar concentrate can be produced as a product of ore components processing."
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Song, Xiao-Fei, Jianhui Peng, Ling Yin, and Bin Lin. "In Vitro Dental Cutting of Feldspar and Leucite Glass Ceramics Using an Electric Handpiece." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glass ceramics are important restorative materials in dentistry. They are used as veneer-core bilayer all-ceramic or metal-fused ceramic restorations or monolithic inlays/onlays/crowns to replace missing or damaged tooth structures for aesthetic and functional purposes. However, glass ceramic materials, such as feldspar and leucite glass ceramics, which are subject to this investigation, are brittle and easily induced microfractures in abrasive cutting using dental handpieces and coarse burs. In this paper, we investigated the dental abrasive cutting characteristics of feldspar and leucite glass ceramics using a high-speed electric handpiece and coarse diamond burs. Cutting forces, specific removal energy, surface roughness and morphology were investigated as functions of specific material removal rate and maximum undeformed chip thickness. The results indicate that increasing the specific material removal rate or the maximum undeformed chip thickness resulted in increases in both tangential and normal forces, but a decrease in specific removal energy for both ceramics. Tangential, normal forces and specific removal energy were significantly larger in up cutting than those in down cutting. Surface roughness for the two ceramics was not affected by the specific removal rate or the maximum undeformed chip thickness. Both microfrature and ductile microcutting morphology were observed in the machined surfaces for both ceramics. There existed a brittle to ductile transition trend when decreasing the specific material removal rate or the maximum undeformed chip thickness for the two ceramics. In comparison with feldspar glass ceramic, leucite glass ceramic generated better surfaces due to its more ductile deformation occurring in dental cutting.
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Hu, Jin, Shitao Zhang, and Ying Zhang. "The Formation Environment of K-feldspar Porphyritic Granite from E-Mount, Yunnan." In 2nd International Conference on Green Materials and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gmee-15.2015.18.
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Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, and Daryanto. "Iron removal from Banjarnegara feldspar by dry high-intensity magnetic separation." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICOMMET) 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072106.
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Sinuhaji, Perdinan, Zuriah Sitorus, Awan Maghfirah, Rizka Amelia, and Nurul Hidayati Nasution. "Manufacturing process and characterization of traditional ceramics using kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and clay raw materials." In THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND APPLIED PHYSICS (THE 1ST ICP&AP) 2019: Fundamental and Innovative Research for Improving Competitive Dignified Nation and Industrial Revolution 4.0. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003232.
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Bakir, Barkin, Hossein Mohammadi, and John A. Patten. "Ductile Regime Scratching of a Rock Sample in a Laser Assisted Machining Technique." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rocks are playing an important role in the life of mankind since ancient times. One of the most significant characteristics of the rocks is their brittleness, which makes them exhibit a very poor machinability and usually severe fracture results during machining. In this paper, Micro-Laser Augmented Machining (μ-LAM) technique is applied on scratching a commercial rock, Gabbro-Labradorite, which is a composite of grained natural minerals such as feldspar, magnetite and mica. In the μ-LAM process, a laser is used to locally heat and thermally soften the materials below the scratching tool during the machining operation. In this paper, scratching tests have been done on the Gabbro-Labradorite minerals, with and without laser heating and results are compared and reported. Micro-laser assisted scratch tests (with an actual cutting tool) were successful in demonstrating the enhanced thermal softening of the feldspar and magnetite minerals. The effect of the laser power was studied by measuring the depths of the cuts for the scratch tests. When generating the scratches with a diamond tool, load range was increased from 50 to 500 mN. Laser powers of 10, 15, 20, and 25 Watt (W) have been utilized. All the tests were repeated two times to increase the reliability of the results. 3D profiles were generated by using a white light interferometer and microscopic images of the cuts have been reported. Results show that Ductile to Brittle Transition (DBT) depth, which is the critical depth for machining brittle materials, increased with the aid of the laser. Results are very important for the machining of the Gabbro-Labradorite to get a high material removal rate (MRR), low tool wear and better surface quality.
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Liu, Hanlin, Fengqin Wang, and Jin Wang. "Dissolution Characteristic of Feldspar in Chang-8 Reservoir, DZ and ZY Region, Xifeng Oilfield of Ordos Basin." In 2016 7th International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Materials (ICMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmcm-16.2016.111.
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Silvennoinen, Jaani. "A New Method to Inhibit Bed Agglomeration Problems in Fluidized Bed Boilers." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology was commercialized in the 70s. Both bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology are capable of handling a wide variety of solid fuels. Natural sand is typically used as the fluidizing material. However, the properties and behavior of some solid fuel ash may limit the use of these fuels due to bed agglomeration problems. Natural sand contains several minerals, typically mainly consisting of 20–50 wt.-% of plagioclase (NaAlSi3O8 + CaAlSi3O8), 10–30 wt.-% of potash feldspar (KAlSi3O8), and 25–100 wt.-% of quartz (SiO2). Biomass based fuels contain high amounts of alkali. Ash high in alkali may react with the free quartz of the natural sand, producing an alkali silicate mixture with low melting point. This mixture may act as an adhesive between fluidized bed particles and may, in the worst-case, result in serious fluidization problems. This problem can be avoided by using AGGLOSTOP™ quartz-free bed material. Four different bed materials were tested in a 15 kW laboratory-scale FBC test rig with plywood residue, which is known to cause severe fluidization problems in FB boilers. Two of the tested bed materials were quartz-free. When quartz-free bed materials were used, no signs of bed agglomeration were observed. The other two bed materials containing free quartz caused total defluidization at a temperature of around 750°C after about half an hour of operation. The concept of using AGGLOSTOP™ quartz-free bed material with high alkali fuels has been successfully applied in two industrial scale BFB boilers (15 and 74 MWth). The use of AGGLOSTOP™ fluidized bed material enables energy production in FB boilers based on high alkali fuels, which were earlier impossible to utilize due severe bed agglomeration problems. This paper focuses on the bed agglomeration phenomenon by discussing the results from laboratory and industrial-scale boilers and presents a new solution to extend the use of high alkali fuels in FB boilers.
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Artemev, Alexandr, Elena Veselova, Irina Nikitina, and Galina Viktorovna. "RECOVERY OF NEPHELINE FROM APATITE FLOTATION TAILINGS OF APATITE-NEPHELINE COMPLEX MINERAL COMPOSED ORES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"The recovery of all possible useful components from ores corresponds to modern approach to the mineral raw materials processing and provides a reduction in the amount of waste sent to tailings dumps. The increasing complexity of the mineral composition of the ore leads to the fact that the existing beneficiation methods and regimes do not provide the necessary quality of the obtained concentrates. This study shows the peculiarities of nepheline recovery from apatite flotation tailings of apatite-nepheline ores with low nepheline fraction. Two reagent regimes were tested for nepheline reverse flotation: a mixture of pine and foliate tall oil, a mixture of tall oil and polyalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which previously showed high selectivity of separation of nepheline and dark-coloured minerals. On the studied apatite-nepheline ore samples the necessary selection of flotation separation was not observed. Mineralogical analysis shows that losses of nepheline with froth products occur both at the expense of nepheline in intergrowths with associated minerals and at the expense of liberated minerals. Nepheline is quite actively floated, which is associated with a change in the surface properties of the mineral. The quality of flotation nepheline concentrates is reduced due to liberated grains of amphiboles, pyroxenes, and mica. The high content of feldspar in the ore, which during flotation predominantly remains in the chamber product, also affects the quality of the nepheline concentrate. It was possible to increase the Al2O3 content in the concentrate to the required values only after magnetic separation in a strong field."
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Айзенштадт, А. М., Ю. В. Соколова, Т. А. Дроздюк, and М. А. Авдушева. "INTERPHASE OF BUILDING COMPOSITIONS." In «АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ НАУКИ: ТЕОРИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ПРАКТИКА». Международная научно-практическая онлайн-конференция, приуроченная к 60-ти летию член-корреспондента Академии наук ЧР, доктора технических наук, профессора Сайд-Альви Юсуповича Муртазаева. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34708/gstou.conf..2021.78.24.008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Целью данной работы является демонстрация нескольких методологических подходов к решению задач управления процессами трансформационных превращений вещества на границе раздела фаз макроповерхности и в дисперсных системах, которые можно, на наш взгляд, использовать в качестве критериев количественной характеристики одного из основополагающих законов научного направления «Геоника» - закона «Сродства структур». Предложенные подходы базируются на фундаментальных положениях физической и коллоидной химии, кристаллоэнергетики. В качестве данных критериев, позволяющих управлять структурообразованием на межфазной границе, предложены энергетическая интерпретация кинетической модели топохимического взаимодействия компонентов и значение аналоговой постоянной Гамакера. Разработаны методологические принципы экспериментального определения этих характеристик. Проведена апробация предложенных подходов на примере различных тонкодисперсных композиций: глиоксаль-кора, базальт-кора, базальт-полиминеральный кварцево-полевошпатовый песок и базальт-сапонит. Кроме того, коллоидно-химический подход к созданию суспензий на основе тонкодисперсных частиц горных пород, обладающих специфическими свойствами, позволяет синтезировать агрегативно устойчивые суспензии магнитных жидкостей. Приводятся примеры их использования в строительном материаловедении. This work aims to demonstrate several methodological approaches to solving problems of controlling the transformation processes of matter at the interface of the macro-surface and in dispersed systems, which, in our opinion, can be used as criteria for the quantitative characteristics of one of the fundamental laws of the scientific direction "Geonics" - the "Affinity of structures" law. The proposed approaches are based on the fundamental principles of physical and colloidal chemistry, crystal energy. The energy interpretation of the kinetic model of the topochemical interaction of thecomponents and the analog Hamaker constant value are proposed as these criteria make it possible to control the structure formation at the interface. We have developed the methodological principles for the experimental determination of these characteristics. We have tested the proposed approaches on various finely dispersed compositions: glyoxal-bark, basalt-bark, basalt-polymineral quartz-feldspar sand, and basalt-saponite. Besides, the colloidal-chemical approach to the creation of suspensions based on finely dispersed particles of rocks with specific properties makes it possible to synthesize aggregately stable suspensions of magnetic fluids. Examples of their use in building materials science are given.
Звіти організацій з теми "Feldspar materials"
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Padget, C. D. W., D. R. M. Pattison, D. P. Moynihan, and O. Beyssac. Pyrite and pyrrhotite in a prograde metamorphic sequence, Hyland River region, SE Yukon: implications for orogenic gold. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The distribution of pyrite and pyrrhotite is documented within an andalusite-sillimanite type (high-temperature, low-pressure) metasedimentary succession exposed in the Hyland River region of southeastern Yukon, Canada. The following metamorphic zones are recognized: chlorite, biotite, cordierite/staurolite (porphyroblast-in), andalusite, sillimanite, and K-feldspar + sillimanite. Pyrite occurs in the chlorite zone through the biotite zone, while pyrrhotite occurs from the chlorite zone to K-feldspar + sillimanite zone. The pyrite-pyrrhotite transition, therefore, occupies an interval in the chlorite and lower biotite zones that is terminated upgrade by a pyrite-out isograd in the upper part of the biotite zone or lowest grade part of the cordierite/staurolite zone. Pressure and temperature conditions of the rocks were estimated from phase equilibrium modelling and from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) thermometry. Modelling indicates pressures of 3.7-4.1 kbar with temperatures of ~425 °C at the biotite isograd, 560-570 °C for chlorite-out/porphyroblast-in, ~575 °C for andalusite-in, 575-600 °C for the sillimanite isograd, and 645-660 °C at the K-feldspar + sillimanite isograd. RSCM temperatures are greater than or equal to 420 °C in the Chl zone, 500 °C at the Bt isograd, 525-550 °C for porphyroblast-in isograd, ~550 °C at the And isograd, and 580 °C at the Sil isograd. These results suggest the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition occurs from less than or equal to 420°C to ~560 °C. Thermodynamic modelling shows 0.6 wt. % H2O is released during metamorphism over the ~140 °C interval of the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition. The gradual release of fluid in the biotite zone is interpreted to have broadened the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition compared to other studies that predict a small interval of vigorous fluid release associated with volumetric chlorite consumption. Samples from the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition zone contain lower whole rock and pyrite Au values than samples from unmetamorphosed/lower rocks, suggesting that Au was removed from the rock at conditions below the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition (&lt;420 °C). The chlorite zone and higher-grade metamorphic rocks of the Hyland River area do not appear to be a plausible source region for orogenic gold.
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Caritat, P. de, and U. Troitzsch. Towards a regolith mineralogy map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian region. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived sample material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep-dive’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk samples (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the <2 µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk sample. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, amphibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each sample, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.