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1
Taylor, Eric B. "An analysis of homogenization and differentiation of Canadian freshwater fish faunas with an emphasis on British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Faunal homogenization and differentiation occur when geographic regions show increased or decreased, respectively, similarity to each other in species composition owing to introductions and extinctions or extirpations. I used species presenceabsence data for "native" (i.e., estimated species compositions before European settlement) and "total" (i.e., including nonnative fishes and extinctions) faunas to examine faunal similarity of freshwater fishes among aquatic ecoregions of British Columbia and among Canadian provinces and territories. British Columbia ecoregions showed faunal differentiation as the mean Jaccard's faunal similarity coefficient for total faunas was significantly less than that for native faunas (31.4% versus 34.9%), but some ecoregions showed homogenization (e.g., Vancouver Island and Columbia River ecoregions). Comparisons across Canada showed low but significant homogenization; average pairwise Jaccard's coefficient was higher in total versus native faunas (29.1% similarity versus 27.8%, respectively). British Columbia's fish fauna increased the most in similarity to other areas (except the three territories), with an average increase of 4.9%. Native faunal similarity patterns are part of Canada's natural heritage but are threatened by human-mediated increases in nonnative species and extinctions. This analysis provides a baseline to track changes in inter regional faunal relationships at different geographic scales.
2
Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin, Eileen Johnson, and J. Alberto Cruz. "San Josecito Cave and Its Paleoecological Contributions for Quaternary Studies in Mexico." Quaternary 4, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat4040034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
San Josecito Cave (2250 m elevation) is located nearby Aramberri, Nuevo León, northeastern Mexico, with excavations occurring in 1935–1941 and 1990. It is a paleontological cave and the significance of its faunal data rests in the understanding of the Quaternary ecosystems of the Mexican Plateau and the Southern Plains. This significance is underpinned by a consideration of associated stratigraphic and geochronological data. The fauna is composed of mollusks, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. More than 30 extinct vertebrate species have been identified, constituting one of the most important Quaternary localities in the Americas. Radiocarbon dates and faunal correlations indicate the excavated deposits represent an interval of time between 45,000 and 11,000 14C years BP. The current synthesis demonstrates that the previous view of the assemblage as a single local fauna is erroneous and that, instead, several successive local faunas are present within a stratigraphic framework. This finding underscores the need for detailed studies of single localities in building paleoenvironmental models. As a corollary, results point to the necessity of including all vertebrate classes represented from a locality in building those models. In addition, the field and analytical methodologies demonstrate the importance of very detailed paleontological excavations, with precise spatial and temporal controls, to assess the taphonomic history of a locality, construct a stratigraphic and geochronological framework, and infer the paleoecological conditions during the time span considered based on the number of local faunas represented. The recognition of San Josecito Cave as an important Late Pleistocene vertebrate paleontological locality is enhanced with the consideration of its faunal data for paleoenvironment reconstruction and possible contribution to Quaternary paleoclimatic modeling.
3
Offerman, Holly L., Virginia H. Dale, Scott M. Pearson, Robert V. O'Neill, and Richard O. Bierregaard Jr. "Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability." Environmental Reviews 3, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a95-009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.
4
Hughes, Nigel C., and Peter A. Jell. "Cambrian trilobite faunas from India: a multivariate and computer-graphic reappraisal and its paleogeographic implications." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cambrian trilobite faunas from northern India provide data critical for assessing earliest Phanerozoic paleogeography and for constraining tectonic models of Himalayan evolution. Previous investigations suggest that Indian Middle Cambrian trilobite faunas, collected from basins 500 km apart, are strikingly different. The Kashmir fauna, in the west, shows supposed faunal affinities with northern China, while the Spiti fauna, in the east, was considered of European affinity. This counterintuitive faunal distribution in adjacent basins might suggest that the area was made up of several micro-contininents during Cambrian time. Although frequently neglected, this interpretation has major implications for models of Himalayan mountain building, as most models assume a passive northern margin of India throughout the Phanerozoic.Original type material from Kashmir and Spiti and fresh collections from intermediate localities in the Zanskar valley have been evaluated using a new statistical/computer-graphic method which removes the effects of tectonic deformation. Results show that the supposed taxonomic distinctness of the Kashmiri and Spiti faunas is largely superficial. Previous lack of appreciation of deformation has lead to: 1. over-estimation of the number of taxa present; 2. misidentification of many taxa; 3. spurious correlations with other faunas; 4. inaccurate age estimates. The revised assessment indicates that: 1. approximately 12 species of polymerid trilobites are present in the Middle Cambrian of north India; 2. 3 polymerid trilobite species are common to both Kashmir and Spiti faunas; 3. much of the Spiti fauna is significantly older than the Kashmiri fauna; 4. faunal differences between coeval deposits from the two basins are best explained as biofacies differences related to an offshore proximality trend; 5. species show patterns of developmental flexibility similar to that recently reported in other Cambrian trilobites. The faunas do not suggest that Kashmir and Spiti were part of separate continents during the Cambrian.The morphology of Middle Cambrian faunas from Kashmir, Zanskar and Spiti suggests that all polymerid species were benthic and share morphotypes characteristic of trilobites from slope environments. Lithologic evidence suggesting that Kashmiri faunas were deeper water than those from Spiti is complimented by the presence in Kashmir of the atheloptic trilobite Bailiella, which is characteristic of deeper waters. Faunas from Kashmir, Zanskar and Spiti, which lie within the Tethyan belt of the Indian Himalaya, share closest affinity with those described from north China, north Vietnam and south China. They also show affinity with faunas from Iran. This pattern is consistent with recent paleogeographic reconstructions which place these regions in close proximity and at similar latitudes. Most of the Cambrian within the Tethyan Himalaya is of middle Middle Cambrian age.The recognition of developmental flexibility as a general characteristic of Cambrian trilobites suggests many groups may be taxonomically over-split. Over-splitting may have lead to widespread over-estimation of faunal provinciality during Cambrian times.
5
Maletz, Jörg, Sven Egenhoff, Martina Böhme, Robert Asch, Katarina Borowski, Stefan Höntzsch, Moritz Kirsch, and Mirko Werner. "A tale of both sides of Iapetus – upper Darriwilian (Ordovician) graptolite faunal dynamics on the edges of two continents." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 5 (May 2011): 841–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ordovician graptolite faunal compositions between the Laurentia and Baltica margins of the Iapetus Ocean differ considerably in the upper Darriwilian (Da 3 – Da 4; upper Middle Ordovician). Detailed investigation of a number of sections in the Table Head and Goose Tickle groups in western Newfoundland and the Elnes Formation of Norway provides important new faunal data for the interval from the Holmograptus lentus Biozone to the Dicellograptus vagus Biozone. The Nicholsonograptus fasciculatus and Pterograptus elegans biozones are introduced for the Table Head and Goose Tickle groups and can be recognized widely in North America. The characteristic, but poorly correlatable, shallow-water endemic faunas of the platform regions (Atlantic and Pacific faunal realms) grade into the cosmopolitan oceanic graptolite faunas (isograptid biofacies) and provide a means to precisely correlate cold-water and warm-water endemic graptolite faunas through transitional zones. The faunal differences between western Newfoundland and Scandinavia are less pronounced than hitherto assumed, and many faunal elements can now be recognized in both regions, allowing for a more precise biostratigraphic correlation. The paleobiogeographic differentiation of both regions has been based on few, but usually extremely common faunal elements, masking the presence of important biostratigraphic marker species.
6
Lasseron, Maxime, Ronan Allain, Emmanuel Gheerbrant, Hamid Haddoumi, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Grégoire Métais, Jean-Claude Rage, Romain Vullo, and Samir Zouhri. "New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)." Geological Magazine 157, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous period witnessed the emergence of some major representatives of modern continental vertebrate groups (stem lissamphibians, squamates, therian mammals and birds) and angiosperms, at a time when fragmentation of Pangaea was underway. The successive Moroccan microvertebrate faunas of Ksar Metlili (?Berriasian) and Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian) from the Anoual Syncline significantly improve our poor knowledge of Gondwanan and especially African palaeobiodiversity at this time. They are among the richest known from the Mesozoic of Gondwana, and are well placed in northwestern Africa to record faunal interchanges with Laurasia. Here we focus on the Ksar Metlili fauna, first documented in the 1980s and most recently resampled in 2010, which produced 24 541 microremains representing 47 species of 8 main groups (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii, Lissamphibia, Lepidosauromorpha, Testudinata, Archosauromorpha and Synapsida). It includes remarkable taxa: the oldest stem boreosphenidan mammals from Gondwana, probably some of the last non-mammaliaform cynodonts, a basal ornithischian, possibly freshwater teleosaurid crocodylomorphs, and some of the rare occurrences of choristoderes and albanerpetontids in Gondwana. Comparison of the Ksar Metlili fauna with that of Guimarota (Kimmeridgian, Portugal) further provides evidence of numerous shared taxa of Laurasian affinities, in contrast to the occurrence of few taxa with Gondwanan affinities. This suggests complex palaeobiogeographical relationships – implying both vicariance and dispersal events – of North Africa within Gondwana at the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. Finally, the faunal similarities with the Guelb el Ahmar fauna question the Cretaceous age of the Ksar Metlili fauna, suggesting an alternative possible Late Jurassic age.
7
Wolverton, Steve. "Data Quality in Zooarchaeological Faunal Identification." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20, no. 3 (October 16, 2012): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-012-9161-4.
Повний текст джерела
8
Lapeva-Gjonova, Albena. "Ant-Associated Beetle Fauna in Bulgaria: A Review and New Data." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/242037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rich myrmecofauna in Bulgaria, comprising about 170 species, constitutes favorable settings for a diverse associated fauna. An attempt to summarize the fragmented faunal data on this ecological group in Bulgaria, together with inclusion of new data, has resulted in a comprehensive list of 121 beetle species from 14 families, obligate or facultative ant related. The extent of current knowledge on the various beetle families, host specificity, the nature of relations between guests and their ant hosts, and the regional characteristics of the myrmecophilous fauna are discussed.
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Ausich, William I., Thomas W. Kammer, and Tomasz K. Baumiller. "Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: a single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover?" Paleobiology 20, no. 3 (1994): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012811.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Macroevolutionary change from the Middle to the Late Paleozoic crinoid fauna was not the result of mass extinction. The presumption that the decline of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna was from a single mass extinction event was tested using seriation, multidimensional scaling (MDS), binomial analysis, and bootstrapping simulations on a data set which is a comprehensive revision of old faunal lists. The data for these analyses were based on temporal distributions of 214 species from 69 late Osagean and early Meramecian localities from the midcontinental United States. The time under consideration is subdivided into seven informal intervals using MDS in conjunction with biostratigraphy. Seriation of species ranges into these intervals results in a gradual pattern of faunal turnover, and sampling bias can be eliminated as a cause for this more gradual pattern. MDS analysis of the crinoid range data is similar to MDS simulations using data with continuous, monotonic species turnover and dissimilar to a simulated mass extinction. Binomial analysis and bootstrapping demonstrate that the observed number of extinctions at the putative extinction boundary were not unusually high. All methods agree that extinctions throughout this time were high but spanned several time intervals and that rapid, monotonic faunal turnover describes the data better than mass extinction. Macroevolutionary processes other than mass extinction and microevolutionary processes must have dictated the character and composition of this remarkable faunal transition among the Crinoidea.
10
Villafaña, Jaime A., Giuseppe Marramà, Stefanie Klug, Jürgen Pollerspöck, Markus Balsberger, Marcelo Rivadeneira, and Jürgen Kriwet. "Sharks, rays and skates (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Marine Molasse (middle Burdigalian, early Miocene) of the Simssee area (Bavaria, Germany), with comments on palaeogeographic and ecological patterns." PalZ 94, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 725–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-020-00518-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Elasmobranch remains are quite common in Miocene deposits and were the subject of numerous studies since the middle of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the taxonomic diversity of the Marine Molasse sharks, rays and skates is still largely unknown. Here, we describe 37 taxa from the lower Miocene of the Molasse Basin: 21 taxa could be identified at species level, whereas 15 taxa could only be assigned to genus and one taxon is left as order incertae sedis. The material was collected from deposits of the Auwiesholz Member of the Achen Formation (middle Burdigalian, middle Ottnangian age, ca. 17.8 Ma) exposed near Simssee, Upper Bavaria. This faunal assemblage is a mixture of shallow marine, near-coastal, pelagic and deep-water taxa. The fauna from Simssee displays different biogeographic dynamics at local and regional scales, possibly related to the intense climatic, oceanographic and tectonic events that occurred during the Eggenburgian–Ottnangian stages. The faunal relationships of the early Miocene chondrichthyan faunas from the Mediterranean Sea and Paratethys with others regions are established on the basis of qualitative (presence/absence) data. The beta diversity (Sørensen–Dice coefficient) of the Miocene Molasse elasmobranchs was used to characterize the taxonomic differentiation between localities and regions. According to our results, the fauna from Simssee shows close similarities with those from Switzerland, Austria, France and northern Germany. Faunal similarities and differences are mainly related to tectonic events and oceanographic variables (i.e. migration through seaway passages) or might represent collecting biases.
11
Pearman, T. R. R., Paul E. Brewin, Alastair M. M. Baylis, and Paul Brickle. "Deep-Sea Epibenthic Megafaunal Assemblages of the Falkland Islands, Southwest Atlantic." Diversity 14, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deep-sea environments face increasing pressure from anthropogenic exploitation and climate change, but remain poorly studied. Hence, there is an urgent need to compile quantitative baseline data on faunal assemblages, and improve our understanding of the processes that drive faunal assemblage composition in deep-sea environments. The Southwest Atlantic deep sea is an undersampled region that hosts unique and globally important faunal assemblages. To date, our knowledge of these assemblages has been predominantly based on ex situ analysis of scientific trawl and fisheries bycatch specimens, limiting our ability to characterise faunal assemblages. Incidental sampling and fisheries bycatch data indicate that the Falkland Islands deep sea hosts a diversity of fauna, including vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) indicator taxa. To increase our knowledge of Southwest Atlantic deep-sea epibenthic megafauna assemblages, benthic imagery, comprising 696 images collected along the upper slope (1070–1880 m) of the Falkland Islands conservation zones (FCZs) in 2014, was annotated, with epibenthic megafauna and substrata recorded. A suite of terrain derivatives were also calculated from GEBCO bathymetry and oceanographic variables extracted from global models. The environmental conditions coincident with annotated image locations were calculated, and multivariate analysis was undertaken using 288 ‘sample’ images to characterize faunal assemblages and discern their environmental drivers. Three main faunal assemblages representing two different sea pen and cup coral assemblages, and an assemblage characterised by sponges and Stylasteridae, were identified. Subvariants driven by varying dominance of sponges, Stylasteridae, and the stony coral, Bathelia candida, were also observed. The fauna observed are consistent with that recorded for the wider southern Patagonian Slope. Several faunal assemblages had attributes of VMEs. Faunal assemblages appear to be influenced by the interaction between topography and the Falkland Current, which, in turn, likely influences substrata and food availability. Our quantitative analyses provide a baseline for the southern Patagonian shelf/slope environment of the FCZs, against which to compare other assemblages and assess environmental drivers and anthropogenic impacts.
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Myers, Troy J., Karen H. Black, Michael Archer, and Suzanne J. Hand. "The identification of Oligo-Miocene mammalian palaeocommunities from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Australia and an appraisal of palaeoecological techniques." PeerJ 5 (June 30, 2017): e3511. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3511.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fourteen of the best sampled Oligo-Miocene local faunas from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north-western Queensland, Australia are analysed using classification and ordination techniques to identify potential mammalian palaeocommunities and palaeocommunitytypes. Abundance data for these faunas are used, for the first time, in conjunction with presence/absence data. An early Miocene Faunal Zone B and two middle Miocene Faunal Zone C palaeocommunities are recognised, as well as one palaeocommunity type. Change in palaeocommunity structure, between the early Miocene and middle Miocene, may be the result of significant climate change during the Miocene Carbon Isotope Excursion. The complexes of local faunas identified will allow researchers to use novel palaeocommunities in future analyses of Riversleigh’s fossil faunas. The utility of some palaeoecological multivariate indices and techniques is examined. The Dice index is found to outperform other binary similarity/distance coefficients, while the UPGMA algorithm is more useful than neighbour joining. Evidence is equivocal for the usefulness of presence/absence data compared to abundance.
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Kintigh, Keith W., Katherine A. Spielmann, Adam Brin, K. Selçuk Candan, Tiffany C. Clark, and Matthew Peeples. "Data Integration in the Service of Synthetic Research." Advances in Archaeological Practice 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTAddressing archaeology's most compelling substantive challenges requires synthetic research that exploits the large and rapidly expanding corpus of systematically collected archaeological data. That, in turn, requires a means of combining datasets that employ different systematics in their recording while at the same time preserving the semantics of the data. To that end, we have developed a general procedure that we call query-driven, on-the-fly data integration that is deployed within the Digital Archaeological Record digital repository. The integration procedure employs ontologies that are mapped to the original datasets. Integration of the ontology-based dataset representations is done at the time the query is executed, based on the specific content of the query. In this way, the original data are preserved, and data are aggregated only to the extent necessary to obtain semantic comparability. Our presentation draws examples from the largest application to date: an effort by a research community of Southwest US faunal analysts. Using 24 ontologies developed to cover a broad range of observed faunal variables, we integrate faunal data from 33 sites across the late prehistoric northern Southwest, including about 300,000 individually recorded faunal specimens.
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EGENHOFF, SVEN O., JÖRG MALETZ, and BERND-DIETRICH ERDTMANN. "Lower Ordovician graptolite biozonation and lithofacies of southern Bolivia: relevance for palaeogeographic interpretations." Geological Magazine 141, no. 3 (May 2004): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756804009239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interpretation of the lithofacies and basin evolution of the early Ordovician of southern Bolivia is based on a number of sections on an E–W transect. Lithostratigraphic units are extremely diachronous and only the available data on the graptolite biostratigraphy enabled an interpretation of the basin evolution. The newly proposed graptolite biozonation includes the biozones of Rhabdinopora flabelliformis, Adelograptus sp., Araneograptus murrayi, Hunnegraptus copiosus, Tetragraptus phyllograptoides, Expansograptus protobalticus, Expansograptus holmi, Baltograptus minutus, Azygograptus lapworthi and Isograptus victoriae. Isograptus victoriae is the first isograptid identified from Gondwanan South America. The early Ordovician succession of southern Bolivia is the most complete one documented from South America and can be used as a standard for this continent. The faunas are most easily correlated with the faunal succession of Scandinavia and without doubt belong to the Atlantic graptolite faunal province. They show distinct differences from coeval faunas of the Argentine Precordillera, referable to the Pacific faunal province.
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Schweitzer, Carrie E. "Paleobiogeography of Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod crustaceans of the North Pacific Ocean." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 4 (July 2001): 808–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000016930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Comprehensive analysis of the Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod crustaceans of the North Pacific Rim, focused primarily on the Brachyura, has resulted in additions to our understanding of the evolution and distribution of these animals, both in that region and globally. Hypotheses about changes in climatological and paleoceanographic conditions have not been extensively tested using decapod crustaceans, although they have been well-documented globally and for the North Pacific Ocean by sedimentological and other faunal evidence. Evidence from the occurrences of decapod crustaceans supports hypotheses obtained through these other means. Because the decapod fauna was studied independent of other faunas, it provides a means by which to compare and test patterns derived from molluscan and other faunal data. The brachyuran decapods show distinctive paleobiogeographic patterns during the Cretaceous and Tertiary, and these patterns are consistent with those documented globally in the molluscan faunas and paleoceanographic modeling. Additionally, the changes in the decapod fauna reflect patterns unique to the North Pacific Ocean. The decapod fauna is primarily comprised of a North Pacific component, a North Polar component, a component of Tethyan derivation, an amphitropical component, and a component derived from the high Southern latitudes. The Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod faunas of the North Pacific Ocean were initially dominated by taxa of North Pacific origin. Decapod diversity was highest in the Pacific Northwest of North America during the Eocene, and diversity has declined steadily since that time. Diversity in Japan was relatively low among the Decapoda until the Miocene, when diversity increased markedly due to the tropical influence of the Tethys and Indo-Pacific region. Diversity has remained high in Japan into the present time. The Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene were times of evolutionary bursts within the Brachyura and were separated by periods of evolutionary stasis.
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Zambito, James J., Carlton E. Brett, Gordon C. Baird, Sarah E. Kolbe, and Arnold I. Miller. "New perspectives on transitions between ecological-evolutionary subunits in the “type interval” for coordinated stasis." Paleobiology 38, no. 4 (2012): 664–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11058.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Northern Appalachian Basin deposits and associated fossils have served as exemplars for ecological-evolutionary investigations, and as the reference interval for the concept of coordinated stasis. Here, we examine faunal and environmental changes within the uppermost Hamilton and lowermost Genesee Groups of the late Middle Devonian succession of New York State. Dramatic diversity loss, faunal migrations, and ecological restructuring recognized in these strata have been used previously to define the end of the Hamilton ecological-evolutionary subunit, and, furthermore, these strata and corresponding faunal changes represent the type region for the global Taghanic Biocrisis. We present and analyze a new, high-resolution data set of post-Taghanic Genesee fossil assemblages, in which we recognize 11 biofacies corresponding to an onshore-offshore (depth) gradient. The Genesee Fauna shows an unexpectedly high taxonomic similarity to nearshore biofacies of the pre-Taghanic Hamilton Fauna, related to the persistence of siliciclastic-dominated nearshore settings through the Taghanic Biocrisis, whereas the onset of anoxic/dysoxic conditions typified offshore portions of the environmental gradient. The “Nearshore Refugium Model” of Erwin offers a possible explanation for the persistence of taxa through the biocrisis in nearshore settings. This constriction was followed by subsequent expansion of these residual taxa to offshore environments in relatively similar associations, as increased Acadian orogenic activity and resultant delta progradation increased habitable space offshore by decreasing the extent of deeper-water, oxygen-poor settings. Although taxonomic similarity was high between the Hamilton and Genesee Faunas, biofacies structure differed primarily because of tectonically driven physical transformations to the basin and associated biotic turnover. Nevertheless, the combination of high taxonomic persistence of Hamilton nearshore taxa and the introduction of relatively few new taxa in the Genesee Fauna resulted in a taxonomic holdover that was much higher than observed in the original formulation of coordinated stasis.
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Mörs, Th. "Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of continental Tertiary vertebrate faunas in the Lower Rhine Embayment (NW-Germany)." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 2 (August 2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper discusses the faunal content, the mammal biostratigraphy, and the environmental ecology of three important continental Tertiary vertebrate faunas from the Lower Rhine Embayment. The sites investigated are Rott (MP 30, Late Oligocene), Hambach 6C (MN 5, Middle Miocene), Frechen and Hambach 11 (both MN 16, Late Pliocene). Comparative analysis of the entire faunas shows the assemblages to exhibit many conformities in their general composition, presumably resulting from their preference for wet lowlands. It appears that very similar environmental conditions for vertebrates reoccurred during at least 20 Ma although the sites are located in a tectonically active region with high subsidence rates. Differences in the faunal composition are partly due to local differences in the depositional environment of the sites: lake deposits at the margin of the embayment (Rott), coal swamp and estuarine conditions in the centre of the embayment (Hambach 6C), and flood plain environments with small rivulets (Frechen and Hambach 11). The composition of the faunal assemblages (diversity and taxonomy) also documents faunal turnovers with extinctions and immigrations (Oligocene/Miocene and postMiddle Miocene), as a result of changing climate conditions.Additional vertebrate faunal data were retrieved from two new assemblages collected from younger strata at the Hambach mine (Hambach 11C and 14). They are important for the understanding of the Plio-Pleistocene transition in the southern part of the Lower Rhine Embayment and for correlating depositional sequences in the Dutch/German borderland.
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Vshivkova, T. S. "BIODIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES OF THE BASTAK STATE NATURE RESERVE." Regional problems 25, no. 2 (2022): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-2-34-37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author presents the data on the fauna of aquatic invertebrates of the Bastak State Nature Reserve (BSNR) and adjacent territories located in the Middle Amur River basin, as well as the results of comparing the species composition and faunal structure of four studied areas: (1) the mountainous region of cluster Central in the BSNR and (2) the plain section of the Glinyanka River (the cluster Central); (3) the BSNR cluster Zabelovsky , and the adjacent section of the Amur River near the village of Nizhnespasskoye ; (4) lowland lakes in the vicinity of Birobidzhan. The faunas high specificity of these geomorphologically and hydrologically different areas and significant structural differences of taxonomic composition.
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Talent, John A., Ruth Mawson, Anita S. Andrew, P. Joseph Hamilton, and David J. Whitford. "Middle Palaeozoic extinction events: Faunal and isotopic data." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 104, no. 1-4 (September 1993): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(93)90126-4.
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Jass, Christopher N., James A. Burns, and Peter J. Milot. "Description of fossil muskoxen and relative abundance of Pleistocene megafauna in central Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 5 (May 2011): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Significant work has gone into describing Ice Age faunas from Alberta, but relatively little work has been dedicated to understanding the actual structure of Quaternary faunal assemblages in the province. Development of such a data set is necessary to fully understand differences in faunal assemblages that existed before and after the last glacial maximum, and may eventually provide an important historical perspective for understanding the impact of large-scale ecosystem disturbance. Muskoxen fossils from central Alberta were examined to differentiate specimens of Bootherium and Ovibos . Those remains, along with other fossils of Pleistocene megafauna collected from gravel deposits near Edmonton, were used to examine patterns of relative abundance from both pre- and postglacial maximum time periods. Relative abundance for genera of Pleistocene megafauna was calculated using the number of individual specimens (NISP) from 11 individual localities (i.e., gravel pits) in central Alberta. Preglacial localities with statistically significant numbers of specimens (n ≥ 30) are dominated by horse ( Equus ). Mammoth ( Mammuthus ) and bison ( Bison ) are common, but other megafauna, such as Jefferson’s Ground Sloth ( Megalonyx jeffersoni ) and Yesterday’s Camel ( Camelops hesternus ), are comparatively rare. Current data for the postglacial fauna indicate a shift in which Bison becomes the most abundant large herbivore on the landscape, a pattern observed in other parts of North America.
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van Kolfschoten, Th. "The Eemian mammal fauna of central Europe." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79, no. 2-3 (August 2000): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe knowledge of the Eemian fauna of central Europe is based on the fossil record from a number of sites located in the eastern part of Germany. The faunas with different deer species as well as Sus scrofa, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Glis glis indicate a forested environment alternating during the climatic optimum of the Eemian s.s. with areas with a more open environment inhabited by species such as Cricetus cricetus, Equus sp. (or Equus taubachensis), Equus hydruntinus and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus. Characteristic for the Rhine valley fauna are Hippopotamus amphibius and the water buffalo (Bubalus murrensis); both species are absent in the eastern German faunas with an Eemian age.Taking into account the short period of time covered by the Eemian s.s., the amount of data on the Eemian mammalian fauna is remarkably large. There is, however, still an ongoing debate on whether the stratigraphical position of a number of faunas are of Eemian or ‘intra-Saalian’ age. Furthermore, there are faunal assemblages or stratigraphically isolated finds referred to the Eemian without indisputable evidence. This is particularly the case in the Rhine valley, where most of the so-called Eemian fossils come from dredged assemblages. The picture of the evolution of the Eemian fauna and its geographical variation is consequently still incomplete.
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Fisher, Jacob L. "Faunal Quantification and the Ascendance of Hunting Debate: Reevaluation of the Data from Southeastern California." American Antiquity 80, no. 4 (October 2015): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.4.767.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The debate regarding the underlying motivations for large game hunting in western North America has ensued in American Antiquity for over a decade. Empirical support for the original argument for costly signaling hunting by Hildebrandt and McGuire partly derived from a regional synthesis of faunal data from southeastern California that demonstrated a spike in artiodactyl hunting during the Middle Archaic. This spike is primarily driven by the faunal assemblage from a single, highelevation site located in the White Mountains of southeastern California. It was suspected that this anomaly was a reflection of analytical differences in taxonomic identifications among faunal analysts. Contrary to expectations, it was discovered that taxonomic identifications were conservative. Instead, the previously reported number of identified specimens for artiodactyls was calculated in a manner inconsistent with other analyses in the region. When corrected, the regional data show a pattern of faunal exploitation that is consistent with expectations derived from optimal foraging theory.
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Johnson, J. G., G. Klapper, and J. G. Johnson. "Lower and Middle Devonian brachiopod-dominated communities of Nevada, and their position in a biofacies-province-realm model." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 6 (November 1990): 902–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002000x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lower and Middle Devonian brachiopod-dominated communities of Nevada are numerous (46) and most are positioned on or adjacent to the carbonate-platform foreslope or ramp. Level-bottom community chains are fundamentally different from community associations that are interrupted by a platform margin. All communities require relative abundance data of constituent species for recognition. These communities prove to be endemic to the Nevada-southeastern California area, even though faunal similarities with distant regions in North America can be recognized. Analogous communities, the same age as comparable communities in Nevada, differ in overall specific content and in relative abundance of diagnostic species. Identification of analogous communities requires recognition of common physical environments (first) and faunal similarity (second). Groupings of communities based on presence-absence data of key species and genera are not meaningful.Biofacies boundaries sited on carbonate-platform foreslopes separate community associations and also act as filter boundaries for faunal realms. The platform and peripheral biofacies thus delineated are also realms, a pattern that is repeated by different organisms from Cambrian to Cenozoic. Biofacies boundaries shift in concert with large-scale sea-level fluctuations. During platform emergence, most faunas are peripheral and therefore cosmopolitan. Transgression initially forms small, isolated epeiric seas populated from offshore, and endemic faunas evolve. Increased transgression merges epeiric seas and faunas, reducing provinciality and diversity through competition. Regression results in extinctions in proportion to its rate and the area involved. The cycle repeats.Thehermanni-cristatusconodont Zone is replaced with the namehermanniZone. ThedisparilisZone is divided into Lower and Upper Subzones. ThenorrisiZone is proposed at the top of the Middle Devonian.
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MacLeod, Norman, and Gerta Keller. "Comparative biogeographic analysis of planktic foraminiferal survivorship across the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary." Paleobiology 20, no. 2 (1994): 143–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is now widely recognized that a large number of Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal species are commonly found associated with fully Danian faunas in many K/T boundary sections and deep-sea cores. This “Cretaceous” fauna has traditionally been regarded as representing the reworking of older Cretaceous sediments into younger strata, though recent isotopic data from some species indicates that, at least in these instances, the reworking hypothesis is false. To further test this reworking hypothesis the biogeography of this “Cretaceous” fauna is compared to the underlying uppermost Maastrichtian biogeography and to the biogeography of lowermost Danian planktic foraminiferal faunas. Results show that there is no regular decline in species richness, extinction, or faunal co-occurrence values for this “Cretaceous” fauna at progressively higher (=younger) Danian stratigraphic horizons. Moreover, there is no compelling association between the stratigraphic persistence of this “Cretaceous” fauna and shallow depositional settings. Instead, this fauna is characterized by: (1) a close (and predictive) association between “Cretaceous” and indigenous Danian species richness values throughout the lower Danian, (2) a close numerical and geographic correspondence between Danian speciation and the disappearance of “Cretaceous” species from the Danian fossil record, and (3) a pronounced similarity between changes in the general biogeographic structures of the “Cretaceous” and associated Danian faunas throughout the study interval. These data suggest that the K/T planktic foraminiferal extinction event exhibited a marked geographic structure with low and middle latitude faunas experiencing differentially high extinction rates in the lowermost Danian zones P0 and P1a and high latitude survivor faunas persisting more or less unchanged into the overlying zone, P1b and P1c. Taken together, these results challenge the traditional concept of an instantaneous uppermost Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal mass extinction and its proposed causal connection to bolide impact.
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Noerwidi, Sofwan. "EKSPLOITASI FAUNA DI SITUS LIANGAN, TEMANGGUNG: KAJIAN ARKEOZOOLOGI." Berkala Arkeologi 37, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/berkalaarkeologi.v37i1.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liangan is a settlement site of Old Mataram in periodic of VI-X AD. Various aspects of ancient Javanese culture has been recovered from Liangan site, but has never been examined the relationship between human and fauna in the past. The study aims to determine the pattern of faunal exploitation through archaeozoological approach, which use ecofact (faunal bones and teeth) that were found in the 2016 excavation campaign. This study conducts qualitative analysis of morphological character of the bones and teeth. Archaeozoological study is covering biological aspects of fauna, and cultural aspects related to human activity. These aspects are including anatomical preservation condition, taphonomy (deposition process), taxonomy (species), age estimation and faunal diet pattern. In the result, mainly bones and teeth are identified as buffalo (Bubalus sp). Taphonomical preservation condition of buffalo bone indicating faunal exploitation for human consumption. The climatic condition of Sindoro highland which is not buffalo’s natural habitat indicates an intensive human intervention as domestication. This study shows that buffalo on Liangan site eat more leaves as browser which probably supplied by human. Liangan adalah sebuah situs permukiman masa Mataram Kuna yang dihuni pada sekitar abad VI-X Masehi. Berbagai aspek budaya masyarakat Jawa Kuna telah berhasil diungkap dari situs Liangan, namun belum ada yang mengkaji relasi antara manusia dan fauna di situs ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola eksploitasi fauna pada masa lampau melalui pendekatan arkeozoologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan arkeozoologi, dengan data ekofak berupa tulang dan gigi fauna yang ditemukan pada penelitian 2016. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap karakter morfologi (aspek bentuk) yang masih terpreservasi pada tulang dan gigi fauna. Studi arkeozoologi dalam penelitian ini mencakup beberapa aspek biologis fauna, dan aspek kultural yang berhubungan dengan pola tingkah laku manusia. Aspek-aspek tersebut meliputi kondisi preservasi anatomi, tafonomi (proses deposisi), taksonomi (jenis fauna), estimasi usia dan pola diet fauna. Hasilnya, diketahui bahwa hampir keseluruhan tulang dan gigi fauna di situs Liangan berasal dari jenis Kerbau (Bubalus sp). Kondisi preservasi dan tafonomi tulang kerbau mengindikasikan adanya eksploitasi fauna untuk dikonsumsi. Kondisi lingkungan dataran tinggi Sindoro yang tidak banyak menyediakan padang rumput sebagai habitat alami Kerbau, mendorong campur tangan intensif manusia dalam bentuk domestikasi. Berdasarkan studi gigigeligi diketahui pula bahwa Kerbau di situs Liangan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi daun (browser) yang asalnya kemungkinan besar disediakan oleh manusia.
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Young, Gavin C. "Paleobiogeography of Devonian vertebrates." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008820.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Five distinctive vertebrate faunas characterised by endemic taxa can be recognised for the Early Devonian (Euramerica, Siberia, Tuva, China, and East Gondwana). By Late Devonian time these faunal provinces are obscured by widespread taxa which also inhabited nonmarine aquatic environments, but indicate faunal communication between Gondwana, Euramerica and China. This marked change in pattern between the Early and Late Devonian may be attributed to intrinsic (evolutionary) or extrinsic causal factors. Dispersal capabilities of aquatic vertebrates may have increased during the initial gnathostome radiation of the Devonian, but a predominantly extrinsic cause (e.g. global change in geography or climate) is suggested by the similar pattern for marine invertebrate faunas of Early Devonian endemism and Late Devonian cosmopolitanism. Outstanding problems of Devonian vertebrate biogeography include faunal differentiation on the largest landmass of the time (Gondwana), and the nature of barriers and connections between East and West Gondwana, East Gondwana and South and North China, and West Gondwana and Euramerica. A vertebrate equivalent of the cool-water Malvinokaffric invertebrate faunal realm of the Siluro-Devonian is not clearly identified, but vertebrate data from southern Africa and south America are sparse.Wide latitudinal distributions for some Late Devonian vertebrate taxa appear anomalous, and could indicate either reduced global climatic gradients, or erroneous paleogeographic base maps. There are difficulties in formulating a hypothesis of global warming and/or major paleogeographic change in a way which clearly distinguishes basic from interpreted data. Three major subdisciplines (paleomagnetism, paleoclimatology, paleobiogeography) contribute to Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstructions. Their data tend to be organised and represented in different ways, but each relies on the same principle of concordance with a general pattern (Young 1990). Degree of consilience of a hypothesis based on one data set (the extent to which it explains patterns within an unrelated set of data) is a primary criterion for accepting or rejecting the hypothesis. Apparent polar wander path representation facilitates testing of paleomagnetic data against those paleoclimatic or paleobiogeographic data which provide evidence of paleolatitude. However, as well as the simple indication of paleolatitude, biogeographic and some other qualitative data sets provide more complex evidence concerning connections or barriers between regions, for which APWP representation is not appropriate. Cladistic analysis of hierarchically organised data sets (Young, 1986, 1987) provides a means of integrating qualitative paleobiogeographic, paleoclimatic, and paleogeographic data such that inconsistencies in the evidence are emphasised, and the hypothesis is exposed to falsification. These ideas are illustrated using Devonian examples.
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Becaud, Marc, Louis Rulleau, and Serge Elmi. "The ammonite fauna renewal at the boundary middle–late Toarcian: new data and consequences." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.1.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Several proposals have been made concerning the Toarcian informal substages. A three part division, here adopted, includes a Middle Toarcian encompassing the Bifrons and Variabilis ammonite zones, according to the definition well established by Monestier [1921]. Other authors, following Buckman [1888], admit a binary definition but with different meanings. The boundary is placed either below the Variabilis (Lower / Upper Toarcian limit), or below the Thouarsense zones (“Whitbian”–“Yeovilian” limit) [Howarth, 1992]. These differences are largely due to a strong sedimentary instability: condensations, gaps and faunal mixings were widespread during the Variabilis zone in NW Europe and eurocaucasian domain and its Tethyan equivalent, the Gradata zone. Contemporarily, a major renewal occurred in the ammonite faunas. This provoked a near general segregation that is the reason of the use of different zone standards. In NW Europe, the faunal renewal occurred during the Variabilis zone as it as been established in the stratotype localities of Poitou and Vendée (Poitou – Vendée) [Gabilly, 1973, 1976a]. This is also well known in the Causses [Guex, 1972, 1975]. These two areas give good reference sections for the ammonite succession at the top of the Middle Toarcian. These data have been supplemented by recent works concerning NW Europe as well as the Tethyan margins (Portugal, Betics, Morocco, Algeria, Apennines). New observations have also been realized in France (Poitou-Vendée, Causses, Lyon area). They allow to have a better knowledge of the development of the faunal renewal and of the appearance of new taxa (genus, sub and superfamilies). Special attention is given to the Phymatoceratids, Grammoceratids and Hammatoceratoids. In consequence, the main renewal did not happened at the end of the Middle Toarcian (end of the Variabilis zone) but sooner at the beginning of the Illustris subzone. New ammonite morphologies appeared that will dominate the assemblages at the beginning of the late Toarcian (Grammoceratinids) and that will be at the origin of the main Middle Jurassic assemblages (Hammatoceratids). Among the species from the Illustris subzone, some are good markers for the correlations between the faunal domains and provinces (“Pseudogrammoceras” aratum Buck., “Pseudogrammoceras” subregale Pinna, “Geczyceras” costatum (Gab.), Osperleioceras (Pseudopolyplectus) bicarinatum (Ziet.)). It appears that the difficulties to place the Middle–Upper Toarcian limit result closely of the sedimentary perturbations that happened in Europe from the west to the eurocaucasian domains and in the whole western Tethys. The substage problem is secondary as stated by Gabilly but it is convenient for long range comparisons. The main units to establish the correlations are the biostratigraphic zones (biozones). In such a matter, the Variabilis zone is of particular importance, according to the coeval sedimentary and palaeontologic events.
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Legrand, Philippe. "Faunal specificity, endemism and paleobiogeography: the post-glacial (Hirnantian-early Rhuddanian) graptolite fauna of the North-African border of Gondwana: a case study." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.4.353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Several types of stratigraphic successions are found at the top of the glacial to periglacial “Complexe terminal” forming the uppermost Ordovician of the North-African border of Gondwana. Locally, there may be a progressive transition from microconglomeratic clays (diamictites) with dropstones to more normal marine clays accompanied by the almost immediate reappearance of graptolites. Study of the graptolites has revealed a distinctive composition at the specific level, differing from contemporaneous faunal associations in adjacent regions, which consist of such classical species as “Glyptograptus” persculptus, Akidograptus ascensus, Parakidograptus acuminatus, etc. The faunal composition has long posed a chronostratigraphic problem, which has now been largely resolved, the fauna being interpreted as Hirnantian to early Rhuddanian in age. On the other hand, the clear evidence of faunal specificity poses a number of problems in the post-glacial context, namely: the disappearance of graptolites in the mid-Caradoc from these regions poses a problem as to the origin of the new specific fauna. Three hypotheses are considered, none of which is satisfactory. Most available data point to an eastern communication, although it is possible that the rejuvenation of the Mauritanides to the west “erased” all prior evidence, giving a wrong idea as to the communications which existed in the area under consideration; what mechanisms caused and maintained this isolation? The hypothesis of a wide, east-west trending depression produced by the overloading of the frontal ice sheet and its progressive disappearance concomitant with the glacial rebound is being considered; what were the effects of isolation on the morphology of graptolites and their population? The virgella and the virgula in several species are remarkably long and this could be attributed to a reduction in water density. The size of monospecific populations also attests to an adaptation to a restricted regime with sandy deposition; how can one explain why some species like N. pseudovenustus, N. inazzaouae, N. normalis brenansi and Ps. kiliani, occur also in other parts of the world? If these species occur where the classical species are absent, the opposite is even more difficult to explain, leading one to postulate the presence of a selective “filter”; how did this faunal specificity disappear progressively? The extent of the sea with Nd. africanus and Nd. fezzanensis put an end to isolation, although it respected the east-west trend. However, there was an opening to the adjacent regions corresponding to present-day Libya. To conclude, if pelagic faunas are considered to be poor paleogeographic tools, faunal specificity rather than endemism should be regarded as the starting point for further reflection. However, all faunal specificity must be fully documented and the results integrated in a framework that includes all aspects of sedimentology, tectonics and climatology. Seven new species are briefly described: Normalograptus nseirati sp. nov., Normalograptus gelidus sp. nov., Normalograptus arrikini sp. nov., Normalograptus pretilokensis sp. nov., Neodiplograptus inezzani sp. nov., Neodiplograptus incommodus sp. nov. and “Glyptograptus” saharensis sp. nov.
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Westrop, Stephen R., and Jonathan M. Adrain. "Trilobite alpha diversity and the reorganization of Ordovician benthic marine communities." Paleobiology 24, no. 1 (1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001993x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Ordovician saw the transformation of marine benthic communities from the trilobite-based Cambrian Fauna to the brachiopod-dominated Paleozoic Fauna. An evaluation of the changing importance of trilobites during the Ordovician can be made from accurate assessments of taxonomic richness in various habitats. Here we present a new compilation of trilobite alpha diversity based on field collections and survey of the literature. The data indicate that trilobite species richness within nearshore, shallow subtidal, carbonate buildup and deep subtidal shelf environments was essentially constant between the Late Cambrian and the Late Ordovician. The alpha diversity patterns do not support the notion that trilobites became displaced from inner shelf environments during the Ordovician. Rather, the data are consistent with a decline in relative importance of the group through dilution as newly radiating invertebrate groups entered Ordovician paleocommunities. They also imply that direct interactions between elements of the Cambrian and Paleozoic faunas were not involved in the Ordovician reorganization of paleocommunities. Like many other major faunal transitions during the Phanerozoic, the Ordovician radiations appear to have been essentially non-competitive in nature.
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Silvestrini, Sara, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Cristina Real, Eduardo Sommella, Emanuela Salviati, Simona Arrighi, et al. "Integrating ZooMS and zooarchaeology: New data from the Uluzzian levels of Uluzzo C Rock Shelter, Roccia San Sebastiano cave and Riparo del Broion." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0275614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study we explore the potential of combining traditional zooarchaeological determination and proteomic identification of morphologically non-diagnostic bone fragments (ZooMS) collected from the Uluzzian levels of three Italian sites: Uluzzo C Rock Shelter, Roccia San Sebastiano cave, and Riparo del Broion. Moreover, we obtained glutamine deamidation ratios for all the contexts analysed during routine ZooMS screening of faunal samples, giving information on collagen preservation. We designed a selection protocol that maximizes the efficiency of the proteomics analyses by excluding particularly compromised fragments (e.g. from taphonomic processes), and that aims to identify new human fragments by favouring bones showing morphological traits more similar to Homo. ZooMS consistently provided taxonomic information in agreement with the faunal spectra outlined by traditional zooarchaeology. Our approach allows us to delineate and appreciate differences between the analysed contexts, particularly between the northern and southern sites, related to faunal, environmental, and climate composition, although no human remains were identified. We reconstructed the faunal assemblage of the different sites, giving voice to morphologically undiagnostic bone fragments. Thus, the combination of these analyses provides a more complete picture of the faunal assemblage and of the paleoenvironment during the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Italy.
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Herries, Andy I. R., Kaye E. Reed, Kevin L. Kuykendall, and Alf G. Latham. "Speleology and magnetobiostratigraphic chronology of the Buffalo Cave fossil site, Makapansgat, South Africa." Quaternary Research 66, no. 2 (September 2006): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSpeleological, stratigraphic, paleomagnetic and faunal data is presented for the Buffalo Cave fossil site in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Speleothems and clastic deposits were sampled for paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic analysis from the northern part of the site, where stratigraphic relationships could be more easily defined and a magnetostratigraphy could therefore be developed for the site. This is also where excavations recovered the fossil material described. A comparison of the east and South African first and last appearance data with the Buffalo Cave fauna was then used to constrain the magnetostratigraphy to produce a more secure age for the site. The magnetostratigraphy showed a change from normal to reversed polarity in the basal speleothems followed by a short normal polarity period in the base of the clastic deposits and a slow change to reversed directions for the remainder of the sequence. The biochronology suggested an optimal age range of between 1.0 Ma and 600,000 yr based on faunal correlation with eastern and southern Africa. A comparison of the magnetobiostratigraphy with the GPTS suggests that the sequence covers the time period from the Olduvai event between 1.95 and 1.78 Ma, through the Jaramillo event at 1.07 Ma to 990,000 yr, until the Bruhnes–Matuyama boundary at 780,000 yr. The faunal-bearing clastic deposits are thus dated between 1.07 Ma and 780,000 yr with the main faunal remains occurring in sediments dated to just after the end of the Jaramillo Event at 990,000 yr.
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Elias, Scott A., and Laurence J. Toolin. "Accelerator Dating of a Mixed Assemblage of Late Pleistocene Insect Fossils from the Lamb Spring Site, Colorado." Quaternary Research 33, no. 1 (January 1990): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90091-x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFossil insects from the late-glacial deposits at the Lamb Spring archaeological site, near Denver, Colorado, are relatively abundant and diverse, providing considerable paleoecological data for the site. The late Pleistocene insect fauna from the site comprises 72 identified taxa, principally beetles. However, the fauna presented an interpretive problem because it contained a mixture of prairie and alpine tundra species. This was initially considered to be the result of a mixing of faunal elements during the climatic transition of late-glacial times, a “no-modern-analog” fauna. Accelerator dating of insect fossil specimens from the two ecological groups helped resolve the paleoecological problem. Fossil specimens of the prairie-associated species were dated at 17,850 ± 550 yr B.P., while specimens of the tundra-associated species yielded an age of 14,500 ± 500 yr B.P. These dates reveal that what appeared to be an ecological mixing was probably a taphonomic problem, wherein full-glacial-age fossils were probably reworked into latest Wisconsin sediments. While both faunal assemblages reflect climatic conditions substantially colder than present, initial results suggest that the full-glacial fauna represents a cold, dry grassland or steppe environment, while the younger fauna suggests moister and more tundra-like conditions.
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Hidayatullah, Ghufron. "ANALISIS TULANG FAUNA VERTEBRATA DARI DI SITUS GUA KIDANG, BLORA, JAWA TENGAH." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 7, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v7i2.170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The research discusses the utilization of vertebrate fauna at the Kidang Cave site to identify the types and variations of vertebrate animals as subsistence and their respective habitats. The analysis was also instrumental in defining the natural landscape of Kidang Cave during the prehistoric era. Faunal fragments were previously analysed and identified taxonomically and anatomically. The analysis started with re-sortation of faunal bone fragments, classifying and further analyzing the data to obtain the number of identified specimens for each taxon (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI). From 8,265 bone fragments, only 1,378 were anatomically and taxonomically identifiable. The MNI calculation revealed a number of 23 taxa that were identified down to their familial levels and only two to class levels. The result of this research identified various fauna from different habitats were part of the human diet. Based on this analysis, the natural environment surrounding Kidang Cave during the prehistoric era was then predicted.</p>
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AHMED, ZUBAIR, and ALLEN F. SANBORN. "The cicada fauna of Pakistan including the description of four new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)." Zootaxa 2516, no. 1 (June 23, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2516.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first faunal analysis of the cicadas of Pakistan is provided. Field work and museum study has added significantly to the known cicada fauna of Pakistan. Literature records provide evidence for 18 species inhabiting what is currently Pakistan. The first records of Platypleura basialba (Walker), Platypleura mackinnoni Distant, Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, Cicadatra xantes (Walker), Meimuna velitaris (Distant), Haphsa nicomache (Walker), and Paharia putoni (Distant) are provided. Psalmocharias balochii sp. n., Psalmocharias chitralensis sp. n., Psalmocharias gizarensis sp. n. and Psalmocharias japokensis sp. n. are described as new. These are the first records of members of the genera Meimuna Distant and Haphsa Distant in Pakistan. The new records and new species represent a 61% increase in faunal diversity. The cicada fauna of Pakistan now comprises of a total of 29 species from 13 genera, five tribes and three subfamilies. These data provide a more accurate understanding of cicada diversity at the junction of the Oriental and Palaearctic regions.
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Malatesta, RJ, PJ Auster, and BP Carlin. "Analysis of transect data for microhaoitat correlations and faunal patchiness." Marine Ecology Progress Series 87 (1992): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps087189.
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Thackeray, John Francis. "On Statistical Analyses of Faunal Data from Klasies River Mouth." Current Anthropology 29, no. 1 (February 1988): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203619.
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BROWN, GARETT M. "LITHOLOGICAL AND PALEOCOMMUNITY VARIATION ON A MISSISSIPPIAN (TOURNAISIAN) CARBONATE RAMP, MONTANA, USA." PALAIOS 36, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.050.
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ABSTRACT The ecological structure of ancient marine communities is impacted by the environmental gradients controlling assemblage compositions and the heterogeneous distribution of sediment types. Closely spaced, replicate sampling of fauna has been suggested to mitigate the effects of such heterogeneity and improve gradient analyses, but this technique has rarely been combined with similar sampling of lithologic data. This study analyses lithological and faunal data to determine the environmental gradients controlling the composition of Mississippian fossil assemblages of the lower Madison Group in Montana. Eighty-one lithological and faunal samples were collected from four stratigraphic columns in Montana, which represent the deep-subtidal, foreshoal, and ooid-shoal depositional environments within one third-order depositional sequence. Cluster analysis identifies three distinct lithological associations across all depositional environments—crinoid-dominated carbonates, peloidal-crinoidal carbonates, and micritic-crinoidal carbonates. Cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) identifies a highly diverse brachiopod biofacies and a solitary coral-dominated biofacies along an onshore-offshore gradient. Carbonate point count data and orientation of solitary corals indicate that substrate and wave energy are two potential variables that covary with the onshore-offshore gradient. Overlaying lithological information on the NMS indicates a secondary gradient reflecting oxygen that is expressed by increasing bioturbation and gradation from brown to dark gray carbonates to medium-light gray carbonates. Taken together, these findings demonstrates how combining closely spaced, replicate sampling of lithologic and faunal data enhances multivariate analyses by uncovering underlying environmental gradients that control the variation in fossil assemblages.
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Lees, David C., Richard A. Fortey, and L. Robin M. Cocks. "Quantifying paleogeography using biogeography: a test case for the Ordovician and Silurian of Avalonia based on brachiopods and trilobites." Paleobiology 28, no. 3 (2002): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0343:qpubat>2.0.co;2.
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Despite substantial advances in plate tectonic modeling in the last three decades, the postulated position of terranes in the Paleozoic has seldom been validated by faunal data. Fewer studies still have attempted a quantitative approach to distance based on explicit data sets. As a test case, we examine the position of Avalonia in the Ordovician (Arenig, Llanvirn, early Caradoc, and Ashgill) to mid-Silurian (Wenlock) with respect to Laurentia, Baltica, and West Gondwana. Using synoptic lists of 623 trilobite genera and 622 brachiopod genera for these four plates, summarized as Venn diagrams, we have devised proportional indices of mean endemism (ME, normalized by individual plate faunas to eliminate area biogeographic effects) and complementarity (C) for objective paleobiogeographic comparisons. These can discriminate the relative position of Avalonia by assessing the optimal arrangement of inter-centroid distances (measured as great circles) between relevant pairs of continental masses. The proportional indices are used to estimate the “goodness-of-fit” of the faunal data to two widely used dynamic plate tectonic models for these time slices, those of Smith and Rush (1998) and Ross and Scotese (1997). Our faunal data are more consistent with the latter model, which we use to suggest relationships between faunal indices for the five time slices and new rescaled inter-centroid distances between all six plate pairs. We have examined linear and exponential models in relation to continental separation for these indices. For our generic data, the linear model fits distinctly better overall. The fits of indices generated by using independent trilobite and brachiopod lists are mostly similar to each other at each time slice and for a given plate, reflecting a common biogeographic signal; however, the indices vary across the time slices. Combining groups into the same matrix in a “total evidence” analysis performs better still as a measure of distance for mean endemism in the “Scotese” plate model. Four-plate mean endemism performs much better than complementarity as an indicator of pairwise distance for either plate model in the test case.
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Hughes, Nigel C., Peng Shanchi, and Luo Huilin. "Kunmingaspis(Trilobita) putatively from the Yunling collage, and the Cambrian history of the eastern Himalayan syntaxial region." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 4 (July 2002): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041962.
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Faunal data provide critical constraints upon tectonic models, particularly in such areas of extreme structural complexity as the region adjacent to the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. Trilobites reported to have been collected from the Yunling collage at Yinchangou, northwestern Yunnan, are here assigned toKunmingaspis yunnanensisChang, 1964, and the concept of the genusKunmingaspisis reconsidered. Although there is debate about to the paleogeographic affinities of the Yunling collage, the apparent presence of this species supports previous arguments for faunal links between the Yangtze platform and the Himalayan margin during Early and Middle Cambrian time. A significant tectonic event of Late Cambrian/Early Ordovician age present in the western central Himalayan margin suggests that the Lhasa block collided with India at that time, but the northward extent of that block remains unclear. The recently discovered Late Cambrian trilobite fauna of Bhutan may hold the key to establishing faunal relationships between the Tethyan Himalaya, Sibumasu, and the Yangtze platform during this interval. No Cambrian sedimentary rocks are yet known from the Lhasa or Qiangtang blocks of Tibet and so there is no direct evidence for the existence of Cimmeria during the Cambrian Period.
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Johnson, Eileen. "Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Vertebrates and Paleoenvironments on the Southern High Plains, U.S.A." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 40, no. 3 (December 4, 2007): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032647ar.
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ABSTRACT Only a few vertebrate faunas are known for the Southern High Plains from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. This review focuses on vertebrate local faunas from two major localities on opposite sides of the region but in the same drainage system that provide proxy data for paleoenvironmental reconstructions from ca. 11,600 to 8600 yr BP. Both localities are archaeological sites within deeply stratified, radiocarbon-dated deposits. Four distinct, successive vertebrate local faunas are known for Lubbock Lake covering the period 11,100 to 8600 yr BP. Two distinct, successive vertebrate local faunas come from Blackwater Draw Locality # 1 for the period 11,600 to 10,500 yr BP. All of the local faunas are disharmonious but the extent of disharmony and diversity varies. Faunal elements from the Northern Plains and Southeast are the most notable. The late Pleistocene local faunas indicate mild winters which did not maintain freezing conditions and cool summers with a more effective moisture regime, reduced annual temperature fluctuation, and less seasonality. The beginnings of a warming trend, greater seasonality, and increased annual temperature fluctuation denote the early Holocene. The latest local fauna marks the last of the pluvial-related ones and heralds the end of pluvial conditions beginning around 8500 yr BP. The successive local faunas illustrate the complexity of disharmony occurring in unglaciated regimes during déglaciation of North America.
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Sessa, Jocelyn A., Pedro M. Callapez, Pedro A. Dinis, and Austin J. W. Hendy. "Paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical implications of a middle Pleistocene mollusc assemblage from the marine terraces of Baía Das Pipas, southwest Angola." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 6 (November 2013): 1016–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-119.
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Quaternary raised marine terraces containing the remains of diverse, shallow water marine invertebrate faunas are widespread across the coast of Angola. These deposits and faunas have not been studied in the same detail as contemporaneous features in northwest and southernmost Africa. We analyzed the fossil assemblages and sedimentology of two closely spaced middle Pleistocene marine terrace deposits in Baía das Pipas, southwest Angola. This revealed 46 gastropod and 29 bivalve species, along with scleractinian corals, encrusting bryozoans, polychaete tubes, barnacles, and echinoids. The fauna is characteristic of intertidal and nearshore rocky substrates and sandy soft-bottom habitats. Sedimentological analysis is consistent with faunal data and indicates an upper shoreface paleoenvironment along a gravel coast. This diverse fauna stands out as a rare example of a marine Pleistocene assemblage from over 6,000 km of the West African coast. The assemblage is dominated by extant tropical West African molluscs, including species from the “Senegalese fauna” that colonized northern Africa and beyond during Pleistocene interstadials. Additionally, as along the modern coast of the Namibe Desert, the influence of the cool-water Benguela Current is apparent in the paleofauna by the occurrence of a few temperate species. The distribution and thermal tolerances of extant species identified in the Pipas fauna indicate that this region experienced similar climatic and oceanographic conditions as that of the present during this interstadial. Seasonal temperature varied between ∼20 and 28°C and resulted from upwelling in this tropical setting.
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Dibble, Harold L., Philip G. Chase, Shannon P. McPherron, and Alain Tuffreau. "Testing the Reality of a “Living Floor” with Archaeological Data." American Antiquity 62, no. 4 (October 1997): 629–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281882.
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No matter how “pristine” an archaeological assemblage may appear, archaeologists should always be concerned with documenting the degree and nature of possible postdepositional disturbances. This paper outlines a number of tests that can be applied to archaeological, vs. geological, data to assess these effects, and their use is illustrated in an excavation of a Lower Paleolithic site in France. Although this site was originally thought to contain a possible “living floor” reflecting relatively little postdepositional disturbance, the tests applied here clearly show that both the lithic and faunal components in large part reflect secondary deposits and most probably are only coincidentally associated. From a methodological perspective, this study clearly demonstrates the power of these tests for assessing the taphonomic history of any site containing lithic and faunal remains, and the use of this particular example illustrates the need for these kinds of tests to be applied at the time of excavation.
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Fusco, Diana A., Matthew C. McDowell, Graham Medlin, and Gavin J. Prideaux. "Fossils reveal late Holocene diversity and post-European decline of the terrestrial mammals of the Murray–Darling Depression." Wildlife Research 44, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16134.
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Context Establishing appropriate faunal baselines is critical for understanding and abating biodiversity declines. However, baselines can be highly reliant on historical records that come from already disturbed ecosystems. This is exemplified in the Murray–Darling Depression bioregion of Australia, where European settlement (and accompanying marked land-management changes and the introduction of many species) triggered rapid declines and losses of native species, often before their documentation. Aims We aim to establish the mammal fauna present when Europeans settled the Murray Mallee and Murray–Darling Depression bioregion and determine the extent of mammal loss since European settlement. Methods We describe a dated vertebrate assemblage from Light’s Roost in the lower Murray Mallee region of South Australia. We compare our data with those of modern fauna surveys and historical records to document the extent of change in the mammal fauna since European settlement. Key results Radiocarbon ages showed that the assemblage was accumulating, at a minimum, within an interval from 1900 to 1300 years ago. Since this time, the Murray–Darling Depression has lost half of its flightless terrestrial mammals. Species lost include the mulgara (Dasycercus blythi/cristicauda), which places this taxon within only 40km of Lake Alexandrina, the hitherto-disputed type locality for D. cristicauda. Fossils provided the principal evidence for nearly half of the Murray Mallee fauna and over three-quarters of the fauna are represented in the fossil record. Conclusions Late Holocene assemblages provide important archives of species biogeography and diversity. Our revised faunal baseline indicated that the pre-European fauna of the Murray–Darling Depression was more diverse than hitherto understood and its reduction appears largely caused by the impacts of European settlement. Implications Baselines for species distributions derived from historical records and modern faunal surveys are likely to be incomplete and warrant revision, particularly for smaller and more cryptic species. Deficiencies in regional records mask the extent of mammal declines caused by European colonisation and associated agricultural practices, and thus vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.
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Deák, Judit, Frank Preusser, Marie-Isabelle Cattin, Jean-Christophe Castel, and François-Xavier Chauvière. "New data from the Middle Palaeolithic Cotencher cave (Swiss Jura): site formation, environment, and chronology." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 67, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-41-2019.
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Abstract. Cotencher cave is one of the oldest Palaeolithic sites of Switzerland and is known for its rich faunal and Mousterian artefacts, the latter suggesting one or several passages of Neanderthal hunter–gatherer tribes. This interdisciplinary study summarises novel data concerning site formation processes and anthropic attendance of the site. While the lithic artefacts indicate tool production at the site, the faunal remains do not yield any evidence of a link to human occupation. The sedimentary sequence permits us to unravel several important environmental changes that occurred during the Late Pleistocene. The presence of a local glacier around 70 ka (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS 4) is revealed followed by ice-free conditions characterised by alternating soil formation processes and landscape destabilisation during MIS 3. Solifluction processes suggesting recurrent frozen ground were responsible for the displacements of part of the artefacts and faunal remains. Evidence of local glacier development around 36 ka is related to the particular geomorphological conditions of the studied region and shed new light on the complexity of glacier dynamics. The recognition and dating of recurrent hostile glacier landscapes might contribute to understanding the reasons for the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic attendance hiatuses known in the studied region.
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Svyatko, Svetlana Vladimirovna, and Arman Ziyadenovich Beisenov. "First palaeodietary isotopic data for the Tasmola culture population." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763223.
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The article presents the first results of dietary isotopic analysis of the population of the Tasmola culture (8th-5th centuries BC) of Central Kazakhstan. Samples from 30 objects, including 27 human and 3 faunal bones were used for the analysis. Stable nitrogen (5N) and carbon (C) isotope analysis was carried out at the 14Chrono Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, using standard methods of collagen preparation by an ultrafiltration method. The results for humans vary widely in both C and 5N. The variety of carbon isotope values in humans suggests that their diet included С4 plants, apparently millet, which is specifically evident from four humans with the highest C ratios from the sites of Koitas, Taldy-2, Akbeit and Karashoky. This indicates the existence of millet in Central Kazakhstan in the form of a seed culture or an imported product at the beginning of the Iron Age. The data shows that millet was consumed in this period in certain sites of Central Kazakhstan, but not everywhere. For further conclusions, larger sample (including faunal) is needed.
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Letardi, Agostino, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem, and Hathal M. Al Dhafer. "New faunal data on lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) collected from Saudi Arabia." ZooKeys 936 (May 28, 2020): 111–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.936.49962.
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This study presents new data on the lacewing fauna of Saudi Arabia based on field work performed between 2014 and 2019. Sixty-one lacewing species from 37 genera and seven Neuroptera families were documented. Additionally, two species belonging to Dielocroce and Pseudomallada were identified only to genus level. Three of the identified species are new records to Saudi Arabia (Aspoeckiella gallagheri Hölzel, 2004, Bankisus maculosus Hölzel, 1983, and Nemoleon secundus Hölzel, 2002). Another three species are new to the fauna of the Arabian Peninsula (Mantispa aphavexelte Aspöck & Aspöck, 1994, Omoleon jeanneli Navás, 1936, and Stylascalaphus krueperi van der Weele, 1909). The first reports of eight species are provided after their original description from Saudi Arabia; namely, Creoleon ultimus Hölzel, 983, Cueta amseli Hölzel, 1982, Cu. asirica Hölzel, 1982, Distoleon asiricus Hölzel, 1983, Geyria pallida Hölzel, 1983, Neuroleon delicatus Hölzel, 1983, N. virgineus Hölzel, 1983 and Solter buettikeri Hölzel, 1982 Zoogeographically, most lacewing species documented in the Arabian Peninsula are endemic (26.2%), followed by Afro-syroeremic (23.0%), Afrotropical (18.0%), and Afro-syro-iranoeremic (14.8%) species. Palaearctic species (4.9%) had the lowest contribution.
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Babazadeh, Seyed Ahmad, and Patrick De Wever. "Radiolarian Cretaceous age of Soulabest radiolarites in ophiolite suite of eastern Iran." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.2.121.
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Abstract The ophiolite-flysch range (accretionary prism) of the Sistan suture zone from eastern Iran includes several intensely deformed tectonic units, some of which consist of volcaniclastic rocks, volcanic rocks, siliceous pelagic sediments (cherts and radiolarites) and calcareous rocks (deep marine, platform), whereas others are represented by terrigenous turbidites. The Soulabest radiolarites are located in the Ratuk complex of the Tirrul’s subdivision [Tirrul et al. , 1983], or in the ophiolite suite of the Gazik province. The local biostratigraphy of this region is based on two faunal assemblages. Faunal assemblage I is dated early Aptian, faunal assemblage II is attributed to middle-late Albian. The most abundant fauna is found in the middle-late Albian. The timing of the oceanic opening in eastern Iran remained questionable until now. The study of the radiolarites of the Soulabest area provides new data for dating the primary opening between two microcontinents : the Lut and Afghan blocks. It is proposed that the oceanic opening of the two blocks occurred prior to the early Aptian. In previous reports, the age of opening was attributed to Upper Cretaceous. All reported Radiolaria are found in red radiolarites and green-red argillaceous cherts. This formation is unconformably overlain by Maastrichtian conglomerates. It indicates that the closure of the basin occurred in Maastrichtian age.
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KNOLL, F., and J. I. RUIZ-OMEÑACA. "Theropod teeth from the basalmost Cretaceous of Anoual (Morocco) and their palaeobiogeographical significance." Geological Magazine 146, no. 4 (February 16, 2009): 602–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809005950.
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AbstractThe theropod teeth from the Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) site of Anoual (N Morocco) are described. The assemblage is important in that it comes from one of the very few dinosaur sites of this age globally and the only one for the whole of Gondwana. The theropod teeth from Anoual are morphologically diverse. Most of the material possibly belongs to the clade Dromaeosauridae, which would be an early occurrence for this taxon. The palaeogeographic position of Anoual enables it to provide data on the dispersal events that affected terrestrial faunas during Mesozoic times. A Laurasian influence is evidenced by the presence of Velociraptorinae and, on the whole, the theropod fauna from Anoual provides support for the existence of a trans-Tethyan passage allowing terrestrial faunal interchanges during Late Jurassic and/or earliest Cretaceous times. Additionally, Anoual records the existence of diminutive theropods. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the small size of the specimens is genetic or ontogenetic.
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MANDA, ŠTĚPÁN, PETR ŠTORCH, LADISLAV SLAVÍK, JIŘÍ FRÝDA, JIŘÍ KŘÍŽ, and ZUZANA TASÁRYOVÁ. "The graptolite, conodont and sedimentary record through the late Ludlow Kozlowskii Event (Silurian) in the shale-dominated succession of Bohemia." Geological Magazine 149, no. 3 (October 6, 2011): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000847.
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AbstractThe shale-dominated hemipelagic succession exposed in the southwestern part of the Prague Synform preserves the most complete Ludfordian graptolite record so far encountered from peri-Gondwanan Europe. Four graptolite biozones – theNeocucullograptus inexpectatus,Nc. kozlowskii,Pseudomonoclimacis latilobus–Slovinograptus balticusandPristiograptus fragmentalisbiozones – are recognized in the middle and late Ludfordian, between theBohemograptus tenuisBiozone and the base of the Pridoli Series. Conodont occurrences are restricted to scattered limestone beds, but enable tentative integration of the graptolite and conodont biozonal schemes. Particular attention was paid to faunal and sedimentary changes and the carbon isotope record across the middle Ludfordian Kozlowskii extinction Event. The Kozlowskii Event caused the almost simultaneous extinction of graptolites with ventrally curved rhabdosomes. The generaBohemograptus,PolonograptusandNeocucullograptus, along withPseudomonoclimacis dalejensis, disappeared from the fossil record. The offshore conodont fauna recorded in the section was not strongly affected and similarly the pelagic orthocerids and nektonicCeratiocarispassed unaffected through the extinction interval. The abundant and widespread pelagic myodocopid ostracodEntomis, however, became extinct. The late Ludfordian graptolite recovery gave origin to a novel fauna of Pridoli type from taxa that emerged or just reappeared above the Kozlowskii crisis. In Všeradice and elsewhere in the Prague Synform, the recovery, manifested by the appearance ofPseudomonoclimacis latilobusandSlovinograptus balticus, closely postdates the end of the isotope excursion but pre-dates the first appearance of the conodont index ‘Ozarkodina’snajdri. Here the graptolite recovery was delayed relative to the recovery of the benthic fauna. A canalized intraformational limestone conglomerate corresponds with a gap in the sedimentary record above the Kozlowskii extinction and just below the graptolite recovery. The benthic faunas from the conglomerate matrix and pebbles permit correlation with the shallower part of the basin indicating a distinct fall in sea-level. The present data demonstrate the coincidence of the graptolite crisis with benthic faunal change and eustatic fall in sea-level manifested by facies change and the carbon isotope excursion.Polonograptus chlupacisp. nov., from theNc. kozlowskiiBiozone, is described and several other graptolite taxa are redescribed.
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Carrera, Marcelo G., and J. Keith Rigby. "Biogeography of Ordovician sponges." Journal of Paleontology 73, no. 1 (January 1999): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000027517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sponges have an unrealized potential importance in biogeographic analysis. Biogeographic patterns determined from our analysis of all published data on distribution of Ordovician genera indicate Early Ordovician sponge faunas have relatively low diversity and are completely dominated by demosponges. Early Ordovician (Ibexian) faunas are characterized by the widespread co-occurrence ofArchaeoscyphiaand the problematicCalathium.This association is commonly found in biohermal structures. Middle Ordovician faunas show an increase in diversity, and two broad associations are differentiated: Appalachian faunas (including Southern China and the Argentine Precordillera) and Great Basin faunas.Late Ordovician faunas show important changes in diversity and provincialism. Hexactinellid and calcareous sponges became important and new demosponge families appeared. Four Mohawkian-Cincinnatian associations are recognized here, including: 1) Midcontinent faunas; 2) Baltic faunas; 3) New South Wales faunas; and 4) Western North American (California and Alaska) faunas. However, two separate biogeographic associations are differentiated based on faunal differences. These are a Pacific association (western North American and New South Wales) and an Atlantic association (Midcontinent Laurentia and Baltica).Distribution of sponge genera and migration patterns are utilized to consider paleogeographic dispositions of the different continental plates, climatic features, and oceanic currents. Such an analysis points to close paleogeographic affinities between the Argentine Precordillera and Laurentian Appalachian faunas. However, significant endemicity and the occurrence of extra-Laurentian genera suggest a relative isolation of the Precordillera terrane during the Late Ibexian-Whiterockian. The study also shows a faunal migration from the Appalachian region to South China during the Middle Ordovician and the migration of faunas from Baltica to Laurentia in the Late Ordovician. The occurrence of Laurentian migrants in New South Wales during the Late Ordovician could be related to inferred oceanic current circulation between these two areas, although other paleogeographic features may be involved.