Статті в журналах: "Fasciculosa"

1

Whittington, J., and R. Sinclair. "Water Relations of the Mistletoe, Amyema miquelii, and Its Host Eucalyptus fasciculosa." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 3 (1988): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880239.

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Mistletoes have frequently been found to transpire more rapidly than their hosts, and usually maintain a more negative water potential. Leaf water potential and diffusive conductance were monitored from the end of a dry summer (March) through a wet winter (to August) on the mistletoe Amyema miquelii (Lehm. ex Miq.) Tieghem and its host Eucalyptus fasciculosa F. Muell. The calculated transpiration rate of the mistletoe was greater than that of its host, but water potential data showed two unusual features. Firstly, the parasite pre-dawn water potential always remained lower than that of the host, regardless of the host's water status. Secondly, the parasite water potential during the day was on one occasion less negative than that of the host, i.e. a reverse gradient. Tissue water relations studies showed that A. miquelii leaves had more negative solute potential and a larger water capacitance than E. fasciculosa leaves. The unusual features of the seasonal data were explained in terms of a large haustorial resistance to water flow and hysteresis in the relationship between transpiration and water potential in the mistletoe leaf. This hysteresis was thought to be due to the contribution of stored leaf water to transpiration.

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2

KOLESIK, P. "A New Species of Eocincticornia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Eucalyptus fasciculosa in South Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 34, no. 2 (May 1995): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1995.tb01308.x.

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3

White, T. C. R. "Lerp insect (Cardiaspina densitexta) outbreaks on pink gum (Eucalyptus fasciculosa) in the southeast of South Australia." Austral Ecology 41, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12313.

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4

Ward, Matthew J. "Patterns of box mistletoe Amyema miquelii infection and pink gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa condition in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 213, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.011.

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5

Guo, JM, and R. Sinclair. "Comparative Leaf Water Potentiais of Plants in Burnt and Unburnt Dry Sclerophyll Vegetation." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930661.

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Leaf (xylem) water potentials were measured in summer and autumn on four species, Eucalyptus fasciculosa, Pultenaea daphnoides, Platylobium obtusangulum and Acacia myrtifolia growing in the understorey of sclerophyll stringybark vegetation in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Plants regenerating in an area burnt by bushfire 2 years previously were compared with plants in an adjacent unburnt area. The Acacia was killed by fire and subsequently regenerated from seed. The other three species survived and resprouted from basal or epicormic buds. It was expected that shrubs regenerating from basal buds would be better hydrated in summer, as a large intact root system would supply a reduced canopy, and that seedlings, with smaller root systems than unburnt adults, would be more stressed. The Acacia was indeed significantly more stressed during summer in the burnt area. However the Platylobium was also more stressed than the controls, while the Pultenaea showed no significant differences between burnt and control areas. The Eucalyptus showed no differences between sites, nor between any of the three sampling times. The more negative water potentials of some of the regenerating plants are explained by greater exposure of surface soil on the burnt site, leading to more rapid drying of the surface soil in summer.

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6

Almeida-Lafetá, Rita C., Marcelo J. P. Ferreira, Vicente P. Emerenciano, and Maria A. C. Kaplan. "Withanolides from Aureliana fasciculata var. fasciculata." Helvetica Chimica Acta 93, no. 12 (December 2010): 2478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201000126.

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7

Ribbeck Lourdes, Simbrón, Sandoval Paredes Josefina, Amador Sánchez Karen, and Taboada Barajas Jesús. "Uncinate Fasciculus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Brain and Neurological Disorders 2, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/010.

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Background and purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal intractable epilepsy. Uncinate fasciculus is a white fiber bundle that connects the orbitofrontal cortex with the anterior temporal lobe, and is implicated in most of the superior mental functions. There is evidence of uncinate fasciculus as a propagation pathway of seizures from temporal lobe. The aim of the study is to determine uncinate fasciculus alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, through fractional anisotropy. Methods: Thirty-three patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (10 right and 23 left) were studied. All of them were right-handed and had left hemisphere dominance for language. A 1.5 T MR imaging scanner was used to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fractional anisotropy of uncinate fasciculus was calculated through TBSS (Tract Based Spatial Statistics). Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS (v. 25). Results: Fractional anisotropy was higher in right uncinate fasciculus, regardless of epilepsy side. Right uncinate fasciculus, at the insula level, showed lower fractional anisotropy in patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Conclusions: Results support the evidence of uncinate fasciculus as a pathway of propagation in temporal lobe epilepsy, specially at insular level.

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8

Brann, Noel L., Arthur Dee, Elias Ashmole, and Lyndy Abraham. "Fasciculus chemicus." Sixteenth Century Journal 29, no. 1 (1998): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544435.

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9

Lima, Simone, Juliana Pacheco, André Marques, Eduardo Veltri, Rita Almeida-Lafetá, Maria Figueiredo, Maria Kaplan, and Eduardo Torres-Santos. "Leishmanicidal Activity of Withanolides from Aureliana Fasciculata var. Fasciculata." Molecules 23, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123160.

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Leishmaniasis is the generic denomination to the neglected diseases caused by more than 20 species of protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The toxic and parenteral-delivered pentavalent antimonials remain to be the first-line treatment. However, all the current used drugs have restrictions. The species Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtner var. fasciculata is a native Brazilian species parsimoniously studied on a chemical point of view. In this study, the antileishmanial activity of A. fasciculata was evaluated. Among the evaluated samples of the leaves, the dichloromethane partition (AFfDi) showed the more pronounced activity, with IC50 1.85 µg/ml against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. From AFfDi, two active withanolides were isolated, the Aurelianolides A and B, with IC50 7.61 μM and 7.94 μM, respectively. The withanolides also proved to be active against the clinically important form, the intracellular amastigote, with IC50 2.25 μM and 6.43 μM for Aurelianolides A and B, respectively. Furthermore, withanolides showed results for in silico parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) similar to miltefosine, the reference drug, and were predicted as good oral drugs, with the advantage of not being hepatotoxic. These results suggest that these compounds can be useful as scaffolds for planning drug design.

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10

Hayashi, Yutaka, Masashi Kinoshita, Mitsutoshi Nakada, and Jun-ichiro Hamada. "Correlation between language function and the left arcuate fasciculus detected by diffusion tensor imaging tractography after brain tumor surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 5 (November 2012): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.jns12348.

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Object Disturbance of the arcuate fasciculus in the dominant hemisphere is thought to be associated with language-processing disorders, including conduction aphasia. Although the arcuate fasciculus can be visualized in vivo with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, its involvement in functional processes associated with language has not been shown dynamically using DTI tractography. In the present study, to clarify the participation of the arcuate fasciculus in language functions, postoperative changes in the arcuate fasciculus detected by DTI tractography were evaluated chronologically in relation to postoperative changes in language function after brain tumor surgery. Methods Preoperative and postoperative arcuate fasciculus area and language function were examined in 7 right-handed patients with a brain tumor in the left hemisphere located in proximity to part of the arcuate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus was depicted, and its area was calculated using DTI tractography. Language functions were measured using the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). Results After tumor resection, visualization of the arcuate fasciculus was increased in 5 of the 7 patients, and the total WAB score improved in 6 of the 7 patients. The relative ratio of postoperative visualized area of the arcuate fasciculus to preoperative visualized area of the arcuate fasciculus was increased in association with an improvement in postoperative language function (p = 0.0039). Conclusions The role of the left arcuate fasciculus in language functions can be evaluated chronologically in vivo by DTI tractography after brain tumor surgery. Because increased postoperative visualization of the fasciculus was significantly associated with postoperative improvement in language functions, the arcuate fasciculus may play an important role in language function, as previously thought. In addition, postoperative changes in the arcuate fasciculus detected by DTI tractography could represent a predicting factor for postoperative language-dependent functional outcomes in patients with brain tumor.

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11

Weiner, Kevin S., Jason D. Yeatman, and Brian A. Wandell. "The posterior arcuate fasciculus and the vertical occipital fasciculus." Cortex 97 (December 2017): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.03.012.

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12

Cantillo-Ciau, Zulema, Wendy Brito-Loeza, and Leovigildo Quijano. "Triterpenoids fromTillandsia fasciculata." Journal of Natural Products 64, no. 7 (July 2001): 953–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0100744.

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13

Ennen, William B., Brett K. Levay-Young, and William C. Engeland. "Zone-specific cell proliferation during adrenocortical regeneration after enucleation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 5 (November 2005): E883—E891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00031.2005.

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A quantitative analysis of zone-specific proliferation was done to determine the recovery of adrenal cortical zonation during regeneration after enucleation. Adult male rats underwent adrenal enucleation [unilateral enucleation (ULE)] or sham surgery, both accompanied by contralateral adrenalectomy. At 2, 5, 10, and 28 days, blood and adrenals were collected to assess functional recovery. Adrenal sections were immunostained for Ki67 (proliferation), cytochrome P-450 aldosterone synthase ( P-450aldo, glomerulosa), and cytochrome P-450 11β-hydroxylase ( P-45011β, fasciculata). Unbiased stereology was used to count proliferating glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. Recovery of fasciculata secretory function occurred by 28 days as reflected by plasma ACTH and corticosterone, whereas glomerulosa function reflected by plasma aldosterone remained low at 28 days. At 5 days, ULE adrenals showed increased Ki67+ cells in the glomerulosa and inner fasciculata, whereas at 10 and 28 days increased proliferation was restricted to the outer fasciculata. These data show that enucleation results in transient elevations in glomerulosa and inner fasciculata cell proliferation followed by a delayed increase in the outer fasciculata. To assess adrenal growth in enucleated adrenals previously suppressed by the presence of an intact adrenal, rats underwent ULE and sham surgery; after 4 wk, the intact adrenal was removed and enucleated adrenals were collected at 2, 5, and 10 days. Overall, proliferation was delayed in this model, but at 5 days, Ki67+ cells increased in the outer fasciculata, whereas by 10 days, increased proliferation occurred in the outer and inner fasciculata. The key novel finding of increased proliferation in the inner fasciculata suggests that the delayed growth of the enucleated adrenal results in part from a regenerative response.

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14

Persson, L., A. Jeppsson, and S. Nasizadeh. "Turnover of trypanosomal ornithine decarboxylases." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310411.

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Interestingly, there is a major difference in turnover rate between ornithine decarboxylases (ODCs) from various trypanosomatids. ODCs from Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania donovani are both stable proteins, whereas ODC from Crithidia fasciculata is a metabolically unstable protein in the parasite. C. fasciculata ODC is also rapidly degraded in mammalian systems, whereas the closely related L. donovani ODC is not. The degradation of C. fasciculata ODC in the mammalian systems is shown to be dependent on a functional 26 S proteasome. However, in contrast to the degradation of mammalian ODC, the degradation of C. fasciculata ODC does not involve antizyme. Instead, it appears the degradation of C. fasciculata ODC may be associated with poly-ubiquitination of the enzyme.

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15

Furtado Frazão, Gleicyanne, Keren Hapuque da Silva Souza, Mayck Rian Gonçalves Magalhães, Edwin Bryan Santos do Livramento, Paulo de Assis Barbosa Romano, Alessandra Azevedo do Nascimento, and Moacir de Azevedo Bentes Moonteiro Neto. "Evaluation of the protective cytogenetic activity of Parahancornia fasciculata (Apocynaceae)." O Mundo da Saúde 44 (January 1, 2020): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202044412420.

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16

Koechlein, David J., and Noel R. Krieg. "Viable but nonculturable coccoid forms of Prolinoborus fasciculus (Aquaspirillum fasciculus)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-071.

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Following active growth, the aquatic gram-negative rod Prolinoborus fasciculus (Aquaspirillum fasciculus) exhibited a mass conversion from its culturable rod form to a nonculturable coccoid form. Chloramphenicol did not prevent the conversion. Attempts to obtain variants that would not convert to the coccoid form were unsuccessful. Although the coccoid form fluoresced with acridine orange, agarose gel electrophoresis revealed extensive rRNA degradation. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, abundant in the vegetative rods, was not detectable in the coccoid cells. The results suggest that the coccoid form of P. fasciculus is a degenerative form rather than part of a life cycle.Key words: Aquasprillum fasciculus, viable but nonculturable.

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17

Strassberger, F. G. W., M. M. Nel, and P. P. C. Nel. "Die byniere van die Afrika-olifant (Loxodonta africana): enkele waarnemings. 1. Die kapsel, zona glomerulosa en zona fasciculata." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 13, no. 3 (July 10, 1994): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v13i3.589.

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The structure of the capsule, zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is described. The gland is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule from which connective tissue trabeculae extend towards the medulla. The arrangement of the cells in the zona glomerulosa and the zona fasciculata are similar to that described for other mammals. Two types of cells are found in the zona glomerulosa and three types in the zona fasciculata. Organelles in these two zones are as described for other cells that secrete steroids. Unidentified structures were observed in the zona fasciculata.

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18

Burns, J., D. Job, M. E. Bastin, H. Whalley, T. Macgillivray, E. C. Johnstone, and S. M. Lawrie. "Structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 5 (May 2003): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.5.439.

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BackgroundThere is growing evidence that schizophrenia is a disorder of cortical connectivity Specifically, frontotemporal and frontoparietal connections are thought to be functionally impaired. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT–MRI) is a technique that has the potential to demonstrate structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate the structural integrity of frontotemporal and frontoparietal white matter tracts in schizophrenia.MethodThirty patients with DSM–IV schizophrenia and thirty matched control subjects underwent DT–MRI and structural MRI. Fractional anisotropy – an index of the integrity of white matter tracts – was determined in the uncinate fasciculus, the anterior cingulum and the arcuate fasciculus and analysed using voxel-based morphometry.ResultsThere was reduced fractional anisotropy in the left uncinate fasciculus and left arcuate fasciculus in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls.ConclusionsThe findings of reduced white matter tract integrity in the left uncinate fasciculus and left arcuate fasciculus suggest that there is frontotemporal and frontoparietal structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia.

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19

Xu, G. L., B. Wieland, and A. Bindereif. "trans-spliceosomal U6 RNAs of Crithidia fasciculata and Leptomonas seymouri: deviation from the conserved ACAGAG sequence and potential base pairing with spliced leader RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 7 (July 1994): 4565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.7.4565-4570.1994.

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U6 RNA genes from the trypanosomatids Crithidia fasciculata and Leptomonas seymouri have been isolated and sequenced. As in Trypanosoma brucei, the U6 RNA genes in both C. fasciculata and L. seymouri are arranged in close linkage with upstream tRNA genes. The U6 RNA sequences from C. fasciculata and L. seymouri deviate in five and three positions, respectively, from the published T. brucei sequence. Interestingly, both C. fasciculata U6 RNA genes carry a C-->T change at the second position of the ACAGAG hexanucleotide sequence, which is important for splicing function and has been considered phylogenetically invariable. A compensatory base change of the C. fasciculata spliced leader RNA at the highly conserved 5' splice site position +5, G-->A, suggests that an interaction between the 5' splice site region and U6 RNA recently proposed for the yeast cis-splicing system may also occur in trans splicing.

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20

Xu, G. L., B. Wieland, and A. Bindereif. "trans-spliceosomal U6 RNAs of Crithidia fasciculata and Leptomonas seymouri: deviation from the conserved ACAGAG sequence and potential base pairing with spliced leader RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 7 (July 1994): 4565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.7.4565.

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U6 RNA genes from the trypanosomatids Crithidia fasciculata and Leptomonas seymouri have been isolated and sequenced. As in Trypanosoma brucei, the U6 RNA genes in both C. fasciculata and L. seymouri are arranged in close linkage with upstream tRNA genes. The U6 RNA sequences from C. fasciculata and L. seymouri deviate in five and three positions, respectively, from the published T. brucei sequence. Interestingly, both C. fasciculata U6 RNA genes carry a C-->T change at the second position of the ACAGAG hexanucleotide sequence, which is important for splicing function and has been considered phylogenetically invariable. A compensatory base change of the C. fasciculata spliced leader RNA at the highly conserved 5' splice site position +5, G-->A, suggests that an interaction between the 5' splice site region and U6 RNA recently proposed for the yeast cis-splicing system may also occur in trans splicing.

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21

Montemartini, Marisa, Peter Steinert, Mahavir Singh, Leopold Flohé, and Henryk M. Kalisz. "Tryparedoxin II fromCrithidia fasciculata." BioFactors 11, no. 1-2 (2000): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520110118.

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22

Martino, Juan, and Juan A. García-Porrero. "Wernicke Perpendicular Fasciculus and Vertical Portion of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus." Neurosurgery 73, no. 2 (August 2013): E382—E383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000430303.56079.0e.

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23

Cai, Wanye, Meng Zhao, Jingjing Liu, Bo Liu, Dahua Yu, and Kai Yuan. "Right arcuate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus abnormalities in primary insomnia." Brain Imaging and Behavior 13, no. 6 (July 20, 2019): 1746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00160-1.

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24

Koh, Yong Cheong, and Fred T. Davies. "Mutagenesis and in vitro culture of Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz var. fasciculata (Bromeliaceae)." Scientia Horticulturae 87, no. 3 (February 2001): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(00)00166-7.

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25

Alzugaray, Claudia, Nélida Carnevale, Rodrigo Freire, and Mirian Bueno. "Cultivo in vitro de Schinus fasciculata (Griseb) J.M. Johnst var. fasciculata (molle)." Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n2.35863.

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26

Foley, Sonya F., Matthew Bracher-Smith, Katherine E. Tansey, Judith R. Harrison, Greg D. Parker, and Xavier Caseras. "Fractional anisotropy of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum in bipolar disorder type I, type II, unaffected siblings and healthy controls." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.101.

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BackgroundFractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum may be biomarkers for bipolar disorder and may even be distinctly affected in different subtypes of bipolar disorder, an area in need of further research.AimsThis study aims to establish if fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum shows differences between healthy controls, patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II), and their unaffected siblings.MethodFractional anisotropy measures from the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum body and parahippocampal cingulum were compared with tractography methods in 40 healthy controls, 32 patients with BD-I, 34 patients with BD-II, 17 siblings of patients with BD-I and 14 siblings of patients with BD-II.ResultsThe main effects were found in both the right and left uncinate fasciculus, with patients with BD-I showing significantly lower fractional anisotropy than both patients with BD-II and healthy controls. Participants with BD-II did not differ from healthy controls. Siblings showed similar effects in the left uncinate fasciculus. In a subsequent complementary analysis, we investigated the association between fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and psychosis in a large cohort (n= 570) of healthy participants. However, we found no significant association.ConclusionsFractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus differs significantly between patients with BD-I and patients with BD-II and healthy controls. This supports the hypothesis of differences in the physiological sub-tract between bipolar disorder subtypes. Similar results were found in unaffected siblings, suggesting the potential for this biomarker to represent an endophenotype for BD-I. However, fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus seems unrelated to polygenic risk for bipolar disorder or psychosis.Declaration of interestNone.

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27

Revilla, Gusti. "Variasi Pembentukan Nervus Medianus yang Ditemukan pada Cadaver di Laboratorium Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia 3, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v3i3.988.

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Latar Belakang: Nervus medianus dibentuk dari gabungan dua fasciculus lateral dan fasciculus medial dari plexus brachialis. Pembentukan nervus medianus dapat mengalami variasi karena kondisi ini dapat terjadi selama perkembangan intrauterin. Objektif: Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian variasi pembentukan nervus medianus yang ditemukan pada kadaver di Laboratorium Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang. Metode: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas (FK Unand) pada bulan September 2014-Januari 2015. Populasi penelitian adalah semua nervus medianus yang ditemukan pada kadaver di Laboratorium Anatomi FK Unand, dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diamati ada 14 kadaver. Hasil: Hasil pengamatan terhadap variasi nervus medianus dari 14 cadaver ditemukan beberapa variasi yaitu nervus medianus berasal dari 3 radiks, 2 dari fasciculus lateralis dan 1 fasciculus (21.42%), nervus medianus berasal dari 3 radiks, 2 dari fasciculus lateralis dan 1 fasciculus lateralis , tetapi anastomosis dan cabang n. musculocutaneus berdekatan (7.14%) dan nervus medianus berasal dari fasiculus yang normal, tetapi penyatuannya jauh pada a. brachialis (7.14%). Kesimpulan: Penemuan variasi dari nervus medianus cabang dari plexus brachialis merupakan pengetahuan yang memiliki kepentingan di klinis terutama dalam evaluasi pasca trauma dan perbaikan saraf perifer.

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28

Tiwari, Vijay Narayan, Jeong-Won Jeong, Eishi Asano, Robert Rothermel, Csaba Juhasz, and Harry T. Chugani. "A Sensitive Diffusion Tensor Imaging Quantification Method to Detect Language Laterality in Children." Journal of Child Neurology 26, no. 12 (June 7, 2011): 1516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073811409225.

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Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography and color-coded anisotropy map quantification, we investigated asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus to determine language laterality in children and compared it with the Wada test. Arcuate fasciculus volume and fractional anisotropy were measured after tractography. We also quantified the fiber orientation distribution in the arcuate fasciculus region, ie, the fraction of arcuate fasciculus fibers oriented in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. A Laterality Index was calculated for each of the measured parameters. Volumetric analysis of the arcuate fasciculus showed asymmetry favoring the language dominant hemisphere ( P = .02), while fractional anisotropy showed no significant asymmetry ( P = .07). The mean anteroposterior and mediolateral components on the language dominant side were significantly higher than on the nondominant side ( P = .003 and .002, respectively). The Laterality Index values were concordant with the Wada test results except for 1 case. Fractional anisotropy also falsely lateralized language in 1 case.

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29

GUARIM, V. L. M. S., E. C. C. MORAES, G. T. PRANCE, and J. A. RATTER. "INVENTORY OF A MESOTROPHIC CALLISTHENE CERRADÃO IN THE PANTANAL OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, no. 3 (November 2000): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000408.

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This study treats some structural aspects of a population of Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. growing on a ridge in the Pantanal of Poconé, in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The project was carried out in 1ha of cerradão (savanna forest) at Fazenda Retiro Campo Largo, Poconé. Callisthene fasciculata is a common species in the cerradão. Formations of C. fasciculata, regionally denominated `carvoeiro' and/or `carvoal', occur frequently. This species is of economic importance because of its use for fence posts, charcoal and firewood. Data on its population structure were analysed and are presented based on the circumference class categories at breast height (cbh) and variation in height. The 869 individual trees in the sample hectare included 17 families and 33 species, and were dominated by the 229 individuals of C. fasciculata.

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Sundram, F., Q. Deeley, S. Sarkar, E. Daly, R. Latham, G. J. Barker, and D. G. M. Murphy. "P02 - 361 White matter microstructural abnormalities in antisocial personality disorder: A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72662-1.

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IntroductionAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy involve significant interpersonal and behavioural impairments. However, little is known about white matter (WM) abnormalities in tracts linking grey matter regions. A previous diffusion tensor imaging (DT-MRI) tractography study in ASPD and psychopathy revealed abnormalities in the right uncinate fasciculus, indicating fronto-limbic disconnectivity.ObjectivesIt is not clear whether WM abnormalities are restricted to only this tract or are more widespread. Therefore, we planned to use whole brain DT-MRI voxel-based analyses.AimsTo clarify if WM abnormalities extend beyond the frontal lobe.MethodsWe used whole brain DT-MRI to compare WM fractional anisotropy (FA) of 15 adults with ASPD and healthy age, handedness and IQ-matched controls. Also, within ASPD subjects, we related differences in FA to severity of psychopathy measures.ResultsSignificant WM FA reductions were found in ASPD subjects relative to controls. These were found bilaterally in the anterior corpus callosum. Right hemisphere FA reduction was found in the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. Left hemisphere, FA deficits encompassed the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. There was a significant negative correlation between WM FA in the right uncinate fasciculus and corpus callosum and measures of psychopathy.ConclusionsWe report FA reduction in the uncinate fasciculus and anterior corpus callosum which may be associated with frontal and inter-hemispheric disconnectivity in ASPD, in addition to abnormalities in other tracts which directly or indirectly connect to prefrontal regions.

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Borges, Kellen Christina Malheiros, Hisao Nishijo, Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira, Jussara Rocha Ferreira, and Leonardo Ferreira Caixeta. "Anatomical Study of Intrahemispheric Association Fibers in the Brains of Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajussp.)." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/648128.

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Previous studies suggest that the complexity of fiber connections in the brain plays a key role in the evolutionary process of the primate brain and behaviors. The patterns of brain fiber systems have been studied in detail in many nonhuman primates, but not inSapajussp. Behavioral studies indicated thatSapajussp. (bearded capuchins) show highly cognitive behaviors such as tool use comparable to those in other nonhuman primates. To compare the brain fiber systems in capuchins with those in other nonhuman primates and humans, the intrahemispheric fibers systems in 24 cerebral hemispheres ofSapajuswere dissected by a freezing-thawing procedure. Dissection of the hemispheres in lateral view indicated short arcuate fibers, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, while that in a medial view indicated short arcuate fibers, the cingulum united with the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The results showed that the fiber systems inSapajusare comparable to those in rhesus and humans, except for a lack of independent superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum inSapajus.

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Yang, Jiao, Karen K. Nakasone, and Shuang-Hui He. "Veluticeps fasciculata sp. nov. (Gloeophyllaceae, Basidiomycota), a close relative to V. berkeleyi." Phytotaxa 243, no. 2 (January 11, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.6.

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A new brown-rot fungal species, Veluticeps fasciculata, is described from southern China. It is characterized by perennial effused basidiocarps with smooth or tuberculose hymenophore, nodose-septate generative hyphae, fasciculate cystidia (as hyphal pegs in hymenophore) and relatively small basidiospores. It occurs on wood of Cunninghamia and Cryptomeria. Although similar to Veluticeps berkeleyi, morphological and molecular (ITS rDNA sequences) data show that V. fasciculata is a distinct species. Complete description and illustrations are provided for the V. fasciculata. In addition, V. fimbriata is reported from China for the first time.

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Soto-Trejo, Fabiola, Sergio Zamudio-Ruiz, and Silvia Espinosa-Matías. "Ovule development, megasporogenesis, and megagametogenesis of Fouquieria fasciculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nash (Fouquieriaceae)." Botanical Sciences 99, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2832.

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Background: Fouquieriaceae is a small family that consists of a single genus, Fouquieria, with eleven species occurring mostly in arid and semiarid regions of Mexico and the southwestern United States. The development of the ovule and the female gametophyte has been poorly characterized in species of the family; thus, it is proposed to carry out a detailed study on the development of the ovule, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Fouquieria fasciculata. Questions: How are the developmental patterns of the ovule and the female gametophyte in Fouquieria fasciculata? Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nash (Fouquieriaceae). Methods: Embryology, morphology and histochemical tests of floral buds and flowers at pre-anthesis of Fouquieria fasciculata were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The ovules of Fouquieria fasciculata are anatropous, bitegmic and tenuinucellate, and the micropyle is formed by the inner integument. The innermost layer cells of the inner integument form an integumentary tapetum or endothelium. The cells of integumentary tapetum are characterized by very conspicuous wall thickenings on the inner tangential side, and are radially elongated surrounding the nucellus. The pattern of development of the female gametophyte is monosporic Polygonum-type, and the formation of a lateral haustorium was observed. Conclusions: This investigation describes in detail the development of the ovule and the female gametophyte ofFouquieria fasciculata. Our results show interesting features, such as the differentiation of an integumentary tapetum, a monosporic Polygonum-type pattern of development and the formation of lateral haustorial arm in the female gametophyte.

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Engeland, W. C., W. B. Ennen, A. Elayaperumal, D. A. Durand, and B. K. Levay-Young. "Zone-specific cell proliferation during compensatory adrenal growth in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 288, no. 2 (February 2005): E298—E306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2004.

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Compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy (ULA) leads to adrenocortical hyperplasia. Because zonal growth contributions are not clear, we characterized the phenotype of cortical cells that proliferate using immunofluorescence histochemistry and zone-specific cell counting. Rats underwent ULA, sham adrenalectomy (sham), or no surgery and were killed at 2 or 5 days. Adrenals were weighed and sections immunostained for Ki67 (proliferation), cytochrome P-450 aldosterone synthase (P450aldo, glomerulosa), and cytochrome P-450 11β-hydroxylase ( P45011 β, fasciculata). Unbiased stereology was used to count proliferating glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. Adrenal weight increased after ULA compared with sham and no surgery at both time points, and there was no difference between sham and no surgery. However, either ULA or sham increased Ki67-positive cells in the outer fasciculata at both time points compared with no surgery. Outer fasciculata-restricted proliferation is thus associated with adrenal weight gain in ULA but not sham. Experiment repetition using proliferating cell nuclear antigen and bromodeoxyuridine showed similar results. After ULA, adrenal DNA, RNA, and protein increased at both time points, whereas after sham, only adrenal DNA increased at 2 days. Compensatory growth thus results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy, whereas sham induces only a transient adrenal hyperplasia. Dexamethasone pretreatment prevented the increase in adrenal weight after ULA and blocked Ki67 labeling in the outer fasciculata but not zona glomerulosa in all groups. These results clearly show that the outer fasciculata is the primary adrenal zone responsible for compensatory growth, responding to steroid-suppressible stress signals that alone are ineffective in increasing adrenal mass.

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Falcão, D. Q., S. B. O. Fernandes, and F. S. Menezes. "Triterpenos de Hyptis fasciculata Benth." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 13 (2003): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2003000300030.

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Garcia, Lenise Aparecida Martins, and Isaac Roitman. "Auxotrophic Mutants of Crithidia fasciculata." Journal of Parasitology 76, no. 5 (October 1990): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282994.

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Mcneill, J. "Minuartia fasciculata versus M. fastiginta." Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 68, no. 3 (April 20, 2008): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19630680304.

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Bernhardt, Peter. "Bee-pollination inHibbertia fasciculata (Dilleniaceae)." Plant Systematics and Evolution 152, no. 3-4 (1986): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00989430.

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Tourjman, S., S. Potvin, R. Milan, E. Kouassi, and D. Luck. "The effect of antidepressant treatment on white matter integrity in Major Depression." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.555.

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Introduction White matter abnormalities have been identified in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several diffusion tensor imaging studies found decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in MDD, the effect of antidepressants (AD) treatment on white matter integrity has been insufficiently studied. Objectives We sought to examine the effect of AD treatment of MDD on white matter, using DTI, in responders compared to nonresponders. Methods We included 25 individuals with MDD (HAMD >/=20) without inflammatory, unstable medical/neurological conditions or prolonged duration (> 1 year),or AD or anti-inflammatory treatment >/=1 week preceding first evaluation. Evaluation before treatment and at 16 weeks included depression rating scales, a cognitive battery, inflammatory markers and MRI. Desvenlafaxine was initiated at 50mg with a possible increase to 100mg at 8 weeks. Results Changes included: increased volume in responders in the right Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus (p=0.0315) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 3 (p=0.0050); in remitters in the right Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus (p=0.0359) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 2 (p<0.05) and 3 (p=0.0481); decreased volume in responders in the left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 1 (p=0.0147) and left Corona Radiata(p<0.05); and in remitters in the left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 1 (p=0.0109) and the Corpus Callosum part 5 (p<0.05); decreased FA in the right Cortico Spinal Tract in remitters (p=0.0175) and responders (p=0.0272), and an increase in FA in the left Uncinate Fasciculus in nonremitters (p=0.0493). These results lose significance following Bonferroni correction. Conclusions Overall, AD treatment of MDD was not associated with significant changes in FA, whole brain, or specific tract volume in this study. Disclosure This research was funded by Pfizer Canada.

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Ikuta, Toshikazu, Paige B. Kessler, Alexandria M. Swoboda, and Amy K. Fisher. "Arcuate Fasciculus Microstructure Predicts Alcohol Dependence Risk through Higher IQ." Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010129.

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IQ has been found to correlate with alcohol consumption, with a higher IQ being a risk for alcohol misuse. Furthermore, recent research has shown that the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus is associated with IQ. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between the arcuate fasciculus microstructure, IQ, and alcohol dependence risk. In this study, we performed probabilistic tractography between Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas in the left and right hemispheres to examine the association of the arcuate fasciculus’s integrity with IQ and alcohol dependence risk, using DTI data from 344 individuals. Data regarding IQ were obtained from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II). Alcohol substance involvement (SI) score was derived using the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Quick Screen and was used as an index for alcohol dependence risk. Both the left arcuate fasciculus and IQ were found to have a significant association with alcohol dependence risk. A mediation analysis revealed that this association between the left arcuate fasciculus microstructure and an alcohol dependence risk was mediated by IQ. It is suggested that the left arcuate fasciculus microstructure is associated with IQ which is associated with alcohol dependence risk. While alcohol consumption is known to be robustly toxic to the brain, the left arcuate fasciculus shows exceptional characteristics in which its microstructure integrity is positively associated with an alcohol dependence risk through higher IQ. Clinical implications are discussed.

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Coppens, Jeroen R., Kelly B. Mahaney, and Saleem I. Abdulrauf. "An anteromedial approach to the temporal horn to avoid injury to the optic radiation fibers and uncinate fasciculus: anatomical and technical note." Neurosurgical Focus 18, no. 6 (June 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2005.18.6.16.

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Object The aim of this study was to define an anteromedial approach to the temporal horn via a transsylvian approach to avoid injury to the optic radiation fibers as well as the uncinate fasciculus. This route was compared with standard surgical approaches to the temporal horn, and their relationship to the optic radiation and uncinate fasciculus was reviewed. Methods Three cadaveric brain specimens were prepared with freezing and thawing cycles according to the Klingler technique. Dissection was performed in a lateral-to-medial fashion with the help of wooden spatulas. Photographs were taken through the operating microscope at every level of the dissection. The dissection was continued until the optic radiation was encountered. Particular attention was paid to the relationship of the uncinate fasciculus with the optic radiation. An anteromedial transsylvian approach was defined to enter the temporal horn without injuring the optic radiation or the uncinate fasciculus. Conclusions A transsylvian anteromedial approach through the pyriform cortex at the level of the anterior and superior surface of the uncus enables a safe entry into the temporal horn without injury to the optic radiation fibers or the main part of the uncinate fasciculus.

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Kierońska, Sara, Milena Świtońska, Grzegorz Meder, Magdalena Piotrowska, and Paweł Sokal. "Tractography Alterations in the Arcuate and Uncinate Fasciculi in Post-Stroke Aphasia." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010053.

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Fiber tractography based on diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) can reveal three-dimensional white matter connectivity of the human brain. Tractography is a non-invasive method of visualizing cerebral white matter structures in vivo, including neural pathways surrounding the ischemic area. DTI may be useful for elucidating alterations in brain connectivity resulting from neuroplasticity after stroke. We present a case of a male patient who developed significant mixed aphasia following ischemic stroke. The patient had been treated by mechanical thrombectomy followed by an early rehabilitation, in conjunction with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). DTI was used to examine the arcuate fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus upon admission and again at three months post-stroke. Results showed an improvement in the patient’s symptoms of aphasia, which was associated with changes in the volume and numbers of tracts in the uncinate fasciculus and the arcuate fasciculus.

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Abeliovich, H., Y. Tzfati, and J. Shlomai. "A trypanosomal CCHC-type zinc finger protein which binds the conserved universal sequence of kinetoplast DNA minicircles: isolation and analysis of the complete cDNA from Crithidia fasciculata." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 7766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7766-7773.1993.

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Replication of the kinetoplast DNA minicircle light strand initiates at a highly conserved 12-nucleotide sequence, termed the universal minicircle sequence. A Crithidia fasciculata single-stranded DNA-binding protein interacts specifically with the guanine-rich heavy strand of this origin-associated sequence (Y. Tzfati, H. Abeliovich, I. Kapeller, and J. Shlomai, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6891-6895, 1992). Using the universal minicircle sequence heavy-strand probe to screen a C. fasciculata cDNA expression library, we have isolated two overlapping cDNA clones encoding the trypanosomatid universal minicircle sequence-binding protein. The complete cDNA sequence defines an open reading frame encoding a 116-amino-acid polypeptide chain consisting of five repetitions of a CCHC zinc finger motif. A significant similarity is found between this universal minicircle sequence-binding protein and two other single-stranded DNA-binding proteins identified in humans and in Leishmania major. All three proteins bind specifically to single-stranded guanine-rich DNA ligands. Partial amino acid sequence of the endogenous protein, purified to homogeneity from C. fasciculata, was identical to that deduced from the cDNA nucleotide sequence. DNA-binding characteristics of the cDNA-encoded fusion protein expressed in bacteria were identical to those of the endogenous C. fasciculata protein. Hybridization analyses reveal that the gene encoding the minicircle origin-binding protein is nuclear and may occur in the C. fasciculata chromosome as a cluster of several structural genes.

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Abeliovich, H., Y. Tzfati, and J. Shlomai. "A trypanosomal CCHC-type zinc finger protein which binds the conserved universal sequence of kinetoplast DNA minicircles: isolation and analysis of the complete cDNA from Crithidia fasciculata." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 7766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7766.

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Анотація:

Replication of the kinetoplast DNA minicircle light strand initiates at a highly conserved 12-nucleotide sequence, termed the universal minicircle sequence. A Crithidia fasciculata single-stranded DNA-binding protein interacts specifically with the guanine-rich heavy strand of this origin-associated sequence (Y. Tzfati, H. Abeliovich, I. Kapeller, and J. Shlomai, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6891-6895, 1992). Using the universal minicircle sequence heavy-strand probe to screen a C. fasciculata cDNA expression library, we have isolated two overlapping cDNA clones encoding the trypanosomatid universal minicircle sequence-binding protein. The complete cDNA sequence defines an open reading frame encoding a 116-amino-acid polypeptide chain consisting of five repetitions of a CCHC zinc finger motif. A significant similarity is found between this universal minicircle sequence-binding protein and two other single-stranded DNA-binding proteins identified in humans and in Leishmania major. All three proteins bind specifically to single-stranded guanine-rich DNA ligands. Partial amino acid sequence of the endogenous protein, purified to homogeneity from C. fasciculata, was identical to that deduced from the cDNA nucleotide sequence. DNA-binding characteristics of the cDNA-encoded fusion protein expressed in bacteria were identical to those of the endogenous C. fasciculata protein. Hybridization analyses reveal that the gene encoding the minicircle origin-binding protein is nuclear and may occur in the C. fasciculata chromosome as a cluster of several structural genes.

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Ferguson, M. L., A. F. Torri, D. Pérez-Morga, D. C. Ward, and P. T. Englund. "Kinetoplast DNA replication: mechanistic differences between Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata." Journal of Cell Biology 126, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.126.3.631.

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Kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatid parasites, is a network containing several thousand minicircles and a few dozen maxicircles. We compared kinetoplast DNA replication in Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata using fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy of isolated networks. One difference is in the location of maxicircles in situ. In C. fasciculata, maxicircles are concentrated in discrete foci embedded in the kinetoplast disk; during replication the foci increase in number but remain scattered throughout the disk. In contrast, T. brucei maxicircles generally fill the entire disk. Unlike those in C. fasciculata, T. brucei maxicircles become highly concentrated in the central region of the kinetoplast after replication; then during segregation they redistribute throughout the daughter kinetoplasts. T. brucei and C. fasciculata also differ in the pattern of attachment of newly synthesized minicircles to the network. In C. fasciculata it was known that minicircles are attached at two antipodal sites but subsequently are found uniformly distributed around the network periphery, possibly due to a relative movement of the kinetoplast disk and two protein complexes responsible for minicircle synthesis and attachment. In T. brucei, minicircles appear to be attached at two antipodal sites but then remain concentrated in these two regions. Therefore, the relative movement of the kinetoplast and the two protein complexes may not occur in T. brucei.

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Petrovic-Kosanovic, Dragana, Ksenija Velickovic, Vesna Koko, Nebojsa Jasnic, Gordana Cvijic, and Maja Miloševic. "Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal cortex — a morphological and ultrastructural study." Open Life Sciences 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0055-y.

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AbstractThe stereological structure of rat adrenal gland was analysed by light and electron microscopy after an acute (60 min) exposure to high ambient temperature (38°C). Under these conditions a significant increase in plasma corticotrophin (ACTH), serum corticosterone and aldosterone levels were observed. Histological and stereological investigation at light microscopy showed significant decrease in volume density of capsule and zona glomerulosa, increase in volume of fasciculata cells, and decrease of numerical density of zona fasciculata cells and mean diameter of blood vessels. At the ultrastructural level, volume density of nuclei and mitochondria of zona glomerulosa cells were significantly increased and that of lipid droplets decreased. Volume density of mitochondria of fasciculata cells was significantly increased, while number of lipid droplets per µm2 of cell was reduced. In the cells of zona reticularis significant increase in the number of lipid droplets was found. The response of zona glomerulosa may be interpreted as immediate reaction to dehydration, while alterations detected in zona fasciculata, which were less extensive, were related to purely stressogenic effects of high ambiental temperature.

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Ribas, Eduardo Carvalhal, Kaan Yagmurlu, Hung Tzu Wen, and Albert L. Rhoton. "Microsurgical anatomy of the inferior limiting insular sulcus and the temporal stem." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 6 (June 2015): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns141194.

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OBJECT The purpose of this study was to describe the location of each white matter pathway in the area between the inferior limiting insular sulcus (ILS) and temporal horn that may be crossed in approaches through the temporal stem to the medial temporal lobe. METHODS The fiber tracts in 14 adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres were examined using the Klingler technique. The fiber dissections were completed in a stepwise manner, identifying each white matter pathway in different planes and describing its position in relation to the anterior end of the ILS. RESULTS The short-association fibers from the extreme capsule, which continue toward the operculae, are the most superficial subcortical layer deep to the ILS. The external capsule fibers are found deeper at an intermediate layer and are formed by the uncinate fasciculus, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, and claustrocortical fibers in a sequential anteroposterior disposition. The anterior commissure forms the next deeper layer, and the optic radiations in the sublenticular part of the internal capsule represent the deepest layer. The uncinate fasciculus is found deep to the anterior third of the ILS, whereas the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus and optic radiations are found superficial and deep, respectively, at the posterior two-thirds of this length. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings suggest that in the transsylvian approach, a 6-mm incision beginning just posterior to the limen insula through the ILS will cross the uncinate fasciculus but not the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus or optic radiations, but that longer incisions carry a risk to language and visual functions.

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David, Szabolcs, Lieke Heesink, Elbert Geuze, Thomas Gladwin, Jack van Honk, Rolf Kleber, and Alexander Leemans. "Regions of white matter abnormalities in the arcuate fasciculus in veterans with anger and aggression problems." Brain Structure and Function 225, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 1401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-02016-2.

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AbstractAggression after military deployment is a common occurrence in veterans. Neurobiological research has shown that aggression is associated with a dysfunction in a network connecting brain regions implicated in threat processing and emotion regulation. However, aggression may also be related to deficits in networks underlying communication and social cognition. The uncinate and arcuate fasciculi are integral to these networks, thus studying potential abnormalities in these white matter connections can further our understanding of anger and aggression problems in military veterans. Here, we use diffusion tensor imaging tractography to investigate white matter microstructural properties of the uncinate fasciculus and the arcuate fasciculus in veterans with and without anger and aggression problems. A control tract, the parahippocampal cingulum was also included in the analyses. More specifically, fractional anisotropy (FA) estimates are derived along the trajectory from all fiber pathways and compared between both groups. No between-group FA differences are observed for the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum, however parts of the arcuate fasciculus show a significantly lower FA in the group of veterans with aggression and anger problems. Our data suggest that abnormalities in arcuate fasciculus white matter connectivity that are related to self-regulation may play an important role in the etiology of anger and aggression in military veterans.

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Horne, Autumn, Junhua Ding, Tatiana T. Schnur, and Randi C. Martin. "White Matter Correlates of Domain-Specific Working Memory." Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010019.

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Prior evidence suggests domain-specific working memory (WM) buffers for maintaining phonological (i.e., speech sound) and semantic (i.e., meaning) information. The phonological WM buffer’s proposed location is in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), whereas semantic WM has been related to the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and the angular gyrus (AG). However, less is known about the white matter correlates of phonological and semantic WM. We tested 45 individuals with left hemisphere brain damage on single word processing, phonological WM, and semantic WM tasks and obtained T1 and diffusion weighted neuroimaging. Virtual dissections were performed for each participants’ arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), middle longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF), which connect the proposed domain-specific WM buffers with perceptual or processing regions. The results showed that the left ILF, MLF, IFOF, and the direct segment of the AF were related to semantic WM performance. Phonological WM was related to both the left ILF and the MLF. This work informs our understanding of the white matter correlates of WM, especially semantic WM, which has not previously been investigated. In addition, this work helps to adjudicate between theories of verbal WM, providing some evidence for separate pathways supporting phonological and semantic WM.

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Otis, Mélissa, Shirley Campbell, Marcel D. Payet, and Nicole Gallo-Payet. "Expression of extracellular matrix proteins and integrins in rat adrenal gland: importance for ACTH-associated functions." Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 3 (June 2007): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0055.

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The expression of main extracellular matrix (ECM) and their integrins were studied in the adult rat adrenal gland. Collagen I, IV (CI, CIV), laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) expression was observed surrounding each glomerulosa cell and as long fibrils between the cords of fasciculata cells. In the medulla, FN was present around chromaffin cells or bordering blood vessels. Integrin α2, α3 and α5 were present mainly in the cortex, while α1 was present in the medulla. In culture, all ECM favoured proliferation of both glomerulosa and fasciculata cells, while protein synthesis was lower on FN and LN in glomerulosa cells. CIV promoted ACTH-induced proliferation whereas FN favoured ACTH-induced protein synthesis in glomerulosa cells. Except for LN, ECM increased expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and enhanced basal aldosterone, although corticosterone secretion was only enhanced by CI and CIV. In fasciculata cells, the potency of ACTH-induced cAMP production was lower on ECM, compared with plastic. Moreover, ACTH, but not ECM, activated mitogenic-activated protein kinase p38 and stress-activated protein kinases. Glomerulosa and fasciculata cells grown on CI and CIV had a polygonal morphology, while cells grown on LN appeared as clusters of small rounded cells. On FN, the glomerulosa cells exhibited polygonal morphology while fasciculata cells appeared as clusters of small rounded cells. Together, these results indicate that ECM modulates basal and ACTH-induced cell functions, with FN, CI and CIV specifically favouring steroid secretion, as opposed to LN which inhibits secretion while promoting proliferation.

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