Дисертації з теми "Family law; women; superannuation"
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1
Uddin, Islam. "Muslim family law : British-Bangladeshi Muslim women and divorce in the UK." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/25636/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This socio-legal study investigates the phenomenon of Islamic divorce in the UK. The background to the research problem is situated in discussions on Muslim women's rights in topics such as Shariah law, multiculturalism and legal pluralism. These may echo concerns that classical interpretation of Muslim family law (MFL) follows patriarchal practices that discriminate against Muslim women, whilst civil law is committed to gender equality as promoting social progress. The debate regarding the diasporic Muslim communities in Britain focuses on concepts such as multiculturalism and legal pluralism. Critics of MFL argue against policies that accommodate group rights and contend cultures socialise members to their designated status, with oppressive practices hidden in the private and domestic spheres, and specifically in the use of Shariah councils. Proponents, by contrast, argue for religious freedom, among other grounds. Many agree that further empirical research is required on the subject. This study addresses this empirical gap. The central research question asks, 'how do British-Bangladeshi Muslim Women (BBMW) pursue divorce in the UK?' and investigates the choices women made, as well as the role of experts, religion and culture in influencing decisions. It uses a phenomenological-inspired methodology, with data collection involving 27 in-depth interviews with BBMW, 12 interviews with experts, participant observation of Shariah Council hearings, and document analysis. Thematic analysis of data produced findings with conclusions applicable to the British-Bangladeshi Muslim community and to a wider field including legal practitioners and mediators, academics, policy-makers and others. The insights gained reveal the strong influence of religion and culture in establishing norms, dictating the importance of nikah, and in establishing the marriage, whilst the taboo of divorce hindered women from divorcing and affected them moving on, post-divorce. The community avoided professional mediation and viewed family disputes as a private matter. The diversity of Islamic opinions caused further confusion suggesting a need for a specific information reference point for British Muslims. The women displayed a multifaceted approach in dealing with civil and Islamic divorce, and utilised the different systems to their benefit, forming new mechanisms of securing religious divorce without the use of Shariah councils.
2
Labe, Dana. "Ambivalence and paradox: the battered woman's interactions with the law and other helping resources." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores how the battered woman attachment to her abusive partner impacts on her interactions with the legal system and non-legal resources. This qualitative research project is based on in-depth interviews conducted with seven abused women who procured interdicts in terms of the Prevention of Family Violence Act 133 of 1993 to restrain their husbands from assaulting them. The research reviews the nature of abuse suffered by the participants, their psychological attachments to their husbands, and their patterns of help-seeking in relation to the law and non-legal resources. Two main theoretical frameworks, psychoanalysis and feminism inform this study. The study found that the participants retained unrealistic hopes that their husbands would reform and become loving, caring partners, and that they treated their husbands with care and sympathy despite their husbands’ often brutal behaviour towards them. The findings suggest that the women’s behaviour towards their husbands was the product of two reality distorting psychological defences, splitting and the moral defence which they used to preserve their attachments to their abusive partners. These defences intersected with rigid patriarchal prescriptions of femininity which dictate that women should be stoically caring towards their husbands, and should hold relationships together no matter what the cost to themselves. The participants interactions with the legal system and with non-legal sources of help were structured by their reliance on splitting and the moral defence, and by the dictates of patriarchal ideology. Whilst it is undoubtedly true that at one level the participants sought help to get protection from abuse, the study shows that their help-seeking was motivated by their conflicting desires to punish and reform their husbands. The participants sought help in ways which enabled them to strike a compromise between expressing their anger at their husbands, whilst simultaneously preserving their psychological attachments to them. The study concludes that the women’s interactions with the law and with other helping resource reflect their attempts to preserve their paradoxical attachments to their husbands, and to stabilise their own fragile sense of self and gender identity.
3
Cotterill, Pamela. "Mothers and daughters-in-law : a study of intergenerational relationships between family women." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329810.
Повний текст джерела
4
Mwambene, Lea. "The impact of the Bill of Rights on African customary family laws : a study of the rights of women in Malawi with some reference to tevelopments in South Africa /." Online Access, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_8528_1271625878.pdf.
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5
Busby, Nicole Ellen. "Access to employment and career progression for women in the European labour market." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3749/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growing complexity in working arrangements has made it difficult to target employment legislation effectively. Utilisation of the existing provisions of Community law requires a reorientation of the traditional conceptualisation of gender relations. This is possible through the application of broad principles, as provided for by the Treaty and the general scheme of Community law, to specific circumstances. The Court of Justice occupies a unique institutional position in this respect as the only authority capable of undertaking such a task coherently and consistently. This thesis considers the Court’s reasoning in a group of cases concerning the right to equal treatment of women workers classified as ‘atypical’ on account of their working arrangements. The purpose of the thesis is to uncover the extent to which the Court’s adjudications on cases referred under the Article 234 procedure can be characterised as having a common output amounting to an identifiable jurisprudence on gender relations. In order to accomplish this task, a systematic analysis of a range of cases conforming to certain specified criteria is undertaken through which the Court’s application of certain key principles is examined. The findings reveal inconsistencies in terms of the Court’s theoretical dogma and its conceptualisation of the basic tenets of equality which are not discernible from an assessment of its judgements alone. It is concluded that a reassessment of the relative positions and roles of women and men within contemporary society is required in order to enable a more effective application of the law in this respect, starting with the standardisation of ‘atypical’ working arrangements.
6
Nhlapo, Ronald Thandabantu. "Family law and traditional values : a study of the legal position of women in Swaziland with selected references to developments in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305121.
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7
Alsetri, Entisar Mohamed Ali Alshaikh Mansoor. "The determinants of empowerment and t he role of a codified family law : the perceptions of Bahraini women." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Bahrain where the economic and political reforms started to take place in the year 2000, the issue of women's empowerment was taken with noticeable and increased consideration by both the government and civil institutions. Along with the issuance of National Charter and the constitutional amendments, women thrived to develop their social, political, and legal status through participation in national elections and taking part in legislative and decision-making processes. Placing women at the centre of the analysis by utilising a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative techniques, this research investigates the perceptions of women towards the determinants of their empowerment in general and to their legal status in particular, where the codification of family law represents an intense controversy that divides Bahraini society especially the women on this matter. Educational means of empowerment appear to have a limited role on the participants' empowerment. There is still lack of awareness, interest and also self-value of participation in public particularly the political and legal spheres due to educational constrains, cultural upbringing and male interpretation to some of the Islamic teachings. One of the manifestations of the controversy over the codification of family law is that women split between the perception that it represents a factor of their enablement and between the perception that it represents a violation of Islamic Sharia and tendency towards Western and secular notions in regard with women's and family's status in a Muslim society. How women perceive the codification of family law as a determinant of their empowerment and therefore their social, legal and political empowerment is so crucial in the whole process of understanding women's and the state's efforts to improve their status, increase their influence in power relations. and increase their agency in the conservative and diverse religious and political orientations in the Bahraini society.
8
Gwangndi, Maryam Ishaku. "Women empowerment : The law and the politics of family planning in Nigeria and England and Wales- A comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514465.
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9
Field, Rachael M. "The use of litigation and mediation for the resolution of custody and access disputes : some issues for women." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36894/1/36894_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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10
Sharafeldin, Marwa. "Personal status law reform in Egypt : women's rights : NGOs navigating between Islamic law and human rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d389f66-f8f6-4c0a-8755-1f7d2186a1ba.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the ways in which Islamic law and human rights interact within the work of women’s rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that advocate the reform of the Egyptian Personal Status Law (PSL) in the period between 2006 and 2010. The thesis shows the relevance of the human rights framework as well as the flexibility of Islamic legal discourse in the work of the NGOs. Drawing on both Islamic law and human rights enabled NGOs to develop a more gender-sensitive religious discourse, which supported their PSL reform demands. However the interaction between these two frameworks was largely affected by several important factors, which sometimes led NGOs to dilute some of their demands. These factors included the implications of the change in the form of Shari‘a as codified law under the modern nation-state; the Egyptian political context both internally and externally; the common local perception that human rights are a Western production and an extension of Western colonialism; the dominant religious but patriarchal discourse governing the PSL; the implications of activism through the NGO structure; and the personal religiosity of individual activists. The thesis explores NGOs’ PSL reform demands in depth bearing in mind these factors. It investigates NGOs’ discourse and shows its strengths and weaknesses. It shows that the interaction between Islamic law and human rights within NGOs’ work in this particular Egyptian context produced reform demands that were innovative and practically appealing on one hand, but epistemologically problematic in some instances, on another.
11
SANTOS, NEREYDA CARDOSO MUNIZ DE OLIVEIRA. "MALE PERPETRATORS OF DOMESTIC AND FAMILY VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN MANAUS CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MARIA DA PENHA LAW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18926@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente estudo partiu do questionamento: Como os programas de
atendimento a mulher que sofreu violência doméstica e familiar em Manaus-AM
tem incluído os homens autores dessa violência, HAV, em seus serviços. A Lei
11.340-2006, reconhecida como Lei Maria da Penha prevê em seus artigos 35 e
45 serviços de atendimento aos HAV em centros de educação e reabilitação e
ou programas de recuperação e reeducação,por considerar a importância de ser
oferecida uma assistência resolutiva a todos os envolvidos na dinâmica da
violência acometida. Assim, para alcançar resposta a indagação feita, foi
desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa, junto aos
profissionais que atuam em dois programas públicos de atenção a mulher
acometida de violência doméstica, visando conhecer como se dá a aplicabilidade
da Lei em relação aos HAV, para além de sua responsabilização pelos atos
cometidos. Os depoimentos obtidos revelam a inexistência de ações que atinjam
nesse sentido, especialmente os HAV, na esfera governamental, embora os
profissionais ouvidos nas entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas considerem de
real necessidade a implementação de medidas preventivas e assistenciais voltadas
para os homens no enfrentamento da violação dos direitos das mulheres no meio
doméstico. Eles compreendem a complexidade da situação de violência
vivenciada pela mulher, identificam os obstáculos e a precariedade de recursos
disponíveis para se efetivar o acompanhamento de todos os envolvidos no âmbito
da violência doméstica. Apontam também algumas iniciativas nessa direção. A
aplicabilidade integral da Lei Maria da Penha ainda tem um longo caminho para
ser realidade.This study began with the questioning: How care programs that women who suffered domestic and famile violence in Manaus-AM has included men perpetrators of this violence, HAV in their services. Law 11.340-2006, known as the Maria da Penha Law provides in Articles 35 and 45 care services to HAV in centers of education and rehabilitation and or recovery and rehabilitation programs, considering the importance of being offered a problem-solving assistance to all those involved in the dynamics of violence affected. Thus, the quest to achieve response was developed made an exploratory qualitative research, the professionals who work in two programs of public attention to women suffering from domestic violence, to determine how is the applicability of the Act in relation to HAV for beyond its responsibility for the acts committed. The statements obtained show the absence of actions to achieve this effect, especially HAV, in the governmental sphere, although the professionals heard in the semi-structured interviews of real need to consider the implementation of preventive measures and assistance aimed at men in dealing with violation women s rights in captivity. They understand the complexity of the situation of violence experienced by women, identifying the obstacles and limited resources available to effect the monitoring of all those involved in domestic violence. Also suggest some initiatives in this direction. The full applicability of the Maria da Penha Law still has a long way to reality.
12
Panet-Raymond, Louise. "Toward a reconceptualization of battered women : appealing to partial agency." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite growing awareness of the severity of domestic violence, the lives of battered women are too often misconstrued by the Canadian public and the judicial system. The author argues that stereotypes of victimized battered women emanating from the courts and feminist theory may both prevent women who kill their partner from making valid claims of self-defence and generally undermine women's fight against oppression. The author reviews the doctrine of the battered woman syndrome and its application in the context of self-defence to illustrate how the courts' treatment of the doctrine conveys a narrow and incomplete depiction of battered women. An alternative theoretical framework based on battered women's partial agency is proposed as a means to address feminist theory's simplified representation of battered women. Various law and policy reform initiatives in the criminal justice system are explored to assess how the law may validate and promote battered women's partial agency.
13
Jermalavičius, Artūras. "Smurto šeimoje kriminologinė charakteristika (tyrimas Alytaus mieste)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090210_094201-12905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smurtas šeimoje – pasaulinė problema, su kuria daugiau ar mažiau susiduria tiek išsivysčiusios, tiek besivystančios, tiek turtingos, tiek skurdžios valstybės, skiriasi tik šio reiškinio latentiškumo mastai. Nuo fizinio, psichologinio, ekonominio, seksualinio smurto šeimoje dažniausiai nukenčia moterys ir vaikai. Pasitaiko smurto atvejų ir prieš vyrus, tačiau pastariesiems dauguma atvejų tenka smurtautojo vaidmuo.
Smurtinis elgesys šeimoje iš esmės yra analogiško elgesio visuomenėje pasekmė, tęsinys ir pradžia. Jį lemia visas kompleksas įvairaus lygmens (individo ir aplinkos) ir įvairaus pobūdžio (socialinio, ekonominio, kultūrinio, moralinio ir pan.) veiksnių bei priežasčių, tam tikra jų sistema. Darbe didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas vaikų ir moterų šeimoje patiriamam smurtui. Mėginama išgryninti priežasčių grupes, būdingesnes atskirai smurtui prieš moteris, prieš vaikus ir prieš vyrus, analizuojamos smurto šeimoje pasekmės. Prieinama išvados, jog be asmeninių nuostolių žalą patiria ir plačioji visuomenė.
Deja, Lietuvoje iki šiol vengiama pripažinti, jog smurtas šeimoje – ne privatus šeimos reikalas, o grubus žmogus teisių pažeidimas, kuris turi būti ginamas mobilizuojant įvairias valstybės institucijų bei nevyriausybinių organizacijų pajėgas. Todėl susidaro užburtas ratas: smurto šeimoje auka dėl įvairių priežasčių nesikreipia į teisėsaugos institucijas, nesant pareiškimo ikiteisminis tyrimas nepradedamas, smurtautojas lieka nenubaustas, tad be baimės savo valdžią ir jėgą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Violence in a family is a global problem, witch is actual to various countries – rich or poor, developed or still developing. Usually women and children suffer from physical, psychological, economic or sexual violence, otherwise men can suffer as well, but usually men are abusing others. Violence in a family basically is analogous behavior in society consequence, continuation and beginning. This behavior is determined of complex of various level ( individual and environment) factors and reasons (social economic, cultural, moral) and it’s system. In this article the most attention is given to analyze violence against women and children in family. Author is trying to specify the reasons, witch are typical to violence against women, against children and against men. Author finds a conclusion, that without personal loss, our society is having losses as well. Unfortunately, Lithuania avoids to acknowledge, that violence in family is not a private life matter, but serious person rights violation, that should be stopped by mobilizing various government institutions and nongovernment organizations forces. It is like vicious circle: in a violence family victim do not applies to legal institutions because of various reasons; without application pretrial investigation do not starts, violator stays not punished and without fair demonstrates his power. After analyzing legal database and prevention implement can be stated, that in Lithuania comprehensive strategy, that is intended to... [to full text]
14
Puthuran, Anna V. "The constructed identities of women in unconventional relationships and the domestic violence law in India : towards a more feminist legal framework." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50408/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian legal system has been dealing with the problem of domestic violence in the recent years especially since the advent of the new legislation the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, which was brought into effect from the 26th of August, 2006. The original contribution that this thesis makes to knowledge is that it identifies a potential category of users of this law- Women in Unconventional Relationships (WUR), and tests the support systems and the ease of access available to this category of women within two different domestic violence frameworks in India. This thesis locates the constructions of transgressive WUR identities in history, society and theoretical discourse and investigates whether these constructions adversely affect their legal subjectivity under the domestic violence law in India. It locates WUR within the domestic violence framework in Delhi, named the Victim Model for the purposes of this research, and within the Survivor Model in Mumbai. It privileges the voices of ten WUR who articulate their experiences of survival, domestic violence and the law. The research uses a combination of inter-subjective reflexive research and a feminist analysis of the domestic violence framework. The constructions of identities and the levels of transgression that take place and its effects on survivor/victim legal agency are investigated. The thesis identifies the best domestic violence framework suited for WUR which encourages their rights-bearing capacity as full-fledged citizens of the Indian state.
15
Solanki, Gopika. "Adjudication in religious family laws : cultural accommodation, legal pluralism, and women's rights in India." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-religious and multi-ethnic democracies face the challenge of constructing accommodative arrangements that can both facilitate cultural diversity and ensure women's rights within religio-cultural groups. This thesis is an investigation of the Indian state's policy of legal pluralism in recognition of religious family laws in India. The Indian state has adopted a model of what I have termed "shared adjudication" in which the state shares its adjudicative authority with internally heterogeneous religious groups and civil society in the regulation of marriage among Hindus and Muslims.Combining theoretical frameworks of state-society relations, feminist theory, and legal pluralism, and drawing from ethnographic research conducted in state courts, caste and sect councils, and "doorstep law courts," I pay analytical attention to state-society interactions at the interface of religious family laws. State and non-state sources of legal authority construct internally contested and heterogeneous notions of the conjugal family, gender relations, and religious membership, and they transmit them across legal spheres. These dynamic processes of communication reconstitute the interiors of religious, state, and civic legal orders, and they fracture the homogenised religious identities grounded in hierarchical gender relations within the conjugal family.
Within the interstices of state and society---which are used imaginatively by state and societal actors---the Indian model points towards an open-ended and process-oriented conception of state-society relations that encompasses not only the binary of conflict and cooperation, but also communication between state and society. The "shared adjudication" model facilitates diversity as it allows the construction of hybrid religious identities, creates fissures in ossified group boundaries, and provides institutional spaces for ongoing inter-societal dialogue between religious groups, civil society, and the state. This pluralized legal sphere, governed by ideologically diverse legal actors, can thus increase women's rights in law, and despite its limitations, the transformative potential of women's collective agency effects institutional change.
16
Kulisa, Judith. "Developing practice or management struggle? Barriers to effective youth work practice with young women living with violence [thesis]." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research process described in this thesis brought to consciousness, for myself, the researcher, and for the youth work practitioners involved, the limitations placed upon their ability to practice effective youth work by the divergent understanding of `youth work' held by those responsible for either managing or funding the services in which they worked. The study set out to discover why youth work practitioners were not identifying or responding to the needs of young women living with violence at home. The study sought to identify the problem and then to formulate practical strategies to enhance youth worker knowledge and skills in working with this group of young people. What was discovered, however, is that the thirteen youth work practitioners involved in the study lacked confidence in their understanding and ability to respond to the needs of these young women; whereas, through focus group discussion and the development of concept maps they demonstrated that they do have a good understanding of the issues surrounding family violence, which young people might be affected and what sorts of supports might be useful for them.
17
Melo, Thais Requião de. "O que há por trás da norma: uma análise do tratamento da mulher no direito de família do código civil de 1916 ao de 2002." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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O presente trabalho tem por fito realizar uma análise comparativa da evolução das disposições normativas que tratam da mulher, no direito de família. Para tanto, parti dos elementos integrantes da teoria tridimensional do direito que tem por enfoque a compreensão do direito como resultado do fato, valor e norma. Deste modo, iniciei a discussão partindo das lutas feministas e de sua relevância social e política para um novo posicionamento da mulher na sociedade. O debate em torno da perspectiva patriarcal também é de crucial importância para a análise comparativa realizada a posteriori. O direito enquanto construção social também compõe a estrutura teórica para o exame do direito no contexto da contemporaneidade. Após essas ponderações teóricas, passei à comparação das disposições normativas da codificação de 1916 até a de 2002, que tratavam das mulheres no âmbito do direito de família. Para tanto, a epistemologia feminista foi utilizada como metodologia fulcral para admitir minha participação consciente na produção científica, em uma perspectiva crítica do conhecimento. The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the evolution of the regulatory provisions that treat women in family law. Therefore, the parti-dimensional integral elements of the theory of law that is focused on the understanding of law as a result of fact, value and norm. Thus began the discussion starting from the feminist struggles and their social and political relevance to a new position of women in society. The debate around the patriarchal perspective is also of crucial importance for comparative analysis performed retrospectively. The right social construction while also composing the theoretical framework for the examination of the law in the context of post modernity. After these theoretical considerations, I compare the regulatory provisions of the codification of 1916 to 2002, who treated women under family law. Therefore, feminist epistemology and methodology used was central to admit my conscious participation in scientific production, a critical perspective of knowledge.
18
Danga, Talent. "Male perspectives on gender violence in South Africa: the case of Nkonkobe municipal area." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study explores the experiences of men who perpetrated violence against women in the domestic sphere. The study’s overarching concern is that violence has been largely seen as a women’s problem and not an issue that is central to men and yet in most cases are the perpetrators of this violence. Consequently, men have not been targeted in initiatives that curb domestic violence (Salo, 2005). It is in this frame of reference that this study saw it imperative to focus on the male perspective of gender violence. The study aims to find factors that contribute to male violence and in turn recommend practical and appropriate strategies of dealing with male violence perpetrators. The study drew its theoretical framework largely from the feminist theory, systems theory and the social learning theory in-order to gain insight into the different frameworks for making judgement about male violence against women. Feminists hold the view that, starting with people’s experiences is a powerful tool that provides the rational for their studies. The study was therefore qualitative in nature as it sought to gather men’s experiences of violent against their spouses; semi-structured interviews were utilized during data collection. A purposive sampling method was utilised to select ten men who were known to have perpetrated violence against their partners and five key informants with special knowledge on domestic violence. The research was conducted through the Department of Social Development in Alice in the Eastern Cape, which facilitated a trusting relationship between the researcher and its clients. The findings established that violence is used to maintain control and power over women. Men invoked hegemonic discourses as violence is employed as an instrument to suppress women, mostly in instances were women question their prerogatives and undermine their authority. It was evidenced that cultural practices such as ‘lobola’ (dowry) usually contribute to men’s use of violence. Most of the respondents understood violence from the physical dimension only, as violence was equated to beating and slapping. Added to that was the respondents’ inadequate understanding of domestic violence laws and legislation. The study also established that social service providers seem not to have concrete procedures and capacity to deal with perpetrators of domestic violence. In light of the problems discussed, the study recommends effective counseling and educational programs, policy improvement, capacitation of service providers and the criminal justice system and further research as strategies for dealing with male violence in the Nkonkobe District.
19
Rempe, Diana. "On Thin ICE? Domestic Violence Advocacy and Law Enforcement-Immigration Collaborations." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The public focus on domestic violence has been one of the most successful campaigns of the modern women's movement. This success was achieved in part through the creation of strategic alliances among agencies and organizations responding to partner violence. One of the most contested of these alliances involved partnering with the criminal justice system. While representing an advance in holding police accountable in protecting all citizens (Coker, 2006), this alliance has had problematic consequences, particularly as it has extended state power into the lives of women of color (e.g. Richie, 2005). This problem is exacerbated by new collaborations between law enforcement and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Federal mandates like the Secure Communities program bring together local law enforcement and ICE throughout the United States, to increase deportation rates (Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2009). As a result, many recommendations by domestic violence advocates to survivors now potentially include the presence of ICE in that referral.
This dissertation explores how domestic violence advocates within the tri-county area of Portland, Oregon are responding to law enforcement-ICE partnerships. Advocates remain understudied in the domestic violence literature, in spite of the complexity of their roles. This dissertation fills this research gap in examining the processes advocates employ in responding to dilemmas faced by marginalized survivors. A total of twenty-five advocates from three separate agencies participated in the study, which centered on focus groups carried out in the agency settings.
The dissertation pursues three research questions: 1) How do advocates work through a key dilemma that has emerged in their practice? 2) What are the discursive strategies enlisted by advocates in addressing a dilemma at the border of domestic violence and immigration politics? 3) What is the relationship between each group's proximity to working with undocumented survivors and their decision-making process?
A case study methodology was used to evaluate proximity to work with undocumented survivors and the organizations' general orientation to domestic violence work. Transcripts of the focus groups were analyzed using a discursive method centered on identifying how the groups worked through a set of dilemmas presented in the focus groups, which involved a crisis call scenario involving an undocumented woman and an agency practice common to many domestic violence service providers.
In the analysis of discursive strategies of the groups, a key finding centered on the groups' use of a decision-tree heuristic to work through dilemmas of practice presented in the two scenarios. This discursive strategy facilitated the process of group decision-making at points where the actions required were clear and concrete. However, as more complexity, ambiguity or ambivalence were introduced, the limitations of the decision-tree strategy become more apparent.
Findings related to the agency's proximity to undocumented workers suggest that this affinity was less important than was the agency's working relationship to the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Closeness to the CJS was associated with reliance on a discourse that places the police at the center of services for all survivors of domestic violence, regardless of documentation status, and a heightened focus on the risk of lethality to rationalize the risks associated with referrals involving law enforcement-ICE collaborations.
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Havelkova, Barbara. "Gender in law under and after state socialism : the example of the Czech Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:257dea4e-40ea-4ca0-ae4b-4e99ad4b88a6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis examines the expressions and origins of negative attitudes to gender equality in the Czech Republic, which have been noticeable especially in the process of implementation of the EU sex equality acquis. It asks whether and how they can be explained with reference to socio-legal developments that started during Czechoslovakia’s State Socialist past, but are still relevant today. In order to answer these research questions, the thesis examines how gender equality has been regulated through law and how it has been understood by law-makers, judges and legal scholars in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic during State Socialism (1948-1989) and Transition (1989-today). The thesis examines legal developments in gender-relevant areas, most importantly in antidiscrimination law. It also excavates the underlying, sometimes hidden, but crucial understandings of key concepts such as ‘women’, ‘gender’, ‘equality’, ‘discrimination’ and ‘rights’. The thesis argues that while formal legal guarantees for women have largely been satisfactory in the Czech Republic by international standards, the way these formal legal guarantees are understood, interpreted and applied has not been gender-progressive. It argues that the reasons for this are: (i) entrenched patriarchal ideas about women’s appropriate role both in private and public life; (ii) a failure to understand gender as a social construct and to recognize gender order as a pervasive social structure; (iii) an inadequate conceptualization of equality and a refusal to combat sex discrimination; and (iv) a limited understanding of the role of law and of rights in the shaping of social relations. It argues that these understandings have been considerably path-dependent on State Socialism, be it through a rejection of anything perceived as State Socialist (which has harmed redistributive policies), as well as through the mostly unconscious retention of ideas or their absence (which has led to a blindness to the cultural aspects of patriarchy).
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Zvan, Elliott Katja. "Women's rights and reform in provincial Morocco : from disenfranchisement to lack of empowerment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d016ef02-51b6-4745-927a-e286608c8a28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Morocco is oftentimes praised by academics, development workers, and women’s rights activists as a trailblazer for the empowerment of women in the Middle East and North African region. Its reforms in the realm of family legislation and progress made in human development place the country at the helm of liberalising Arab Muslim-majority societies, even more so after the Arab Spring and Morocco’s peaceful transition to a ‘new’ constitutional order. However, a closer look at women’s rights discourses, legal reforms, its texts and implementation, and the public attitudes towards the enhancement of women’s rights reveals a less empowering situation. The purported goals of the Family Code, as the extolled document showcasing Morocco’s attempt at ameliorating (married) women’s rights, of ‘doing justice to women’ while ‘preserving men’s dignity’ mask the reformed law’s reconsolidation of patriarchal family relations. Many legal grey areas within this particular law, as well as clashing principles emanating from other laws such as the Penal Code, allow judges and the ʿaduls (religious notaries) to exercise discretion and apply the law as they see fit and, to a large extent, as it conforms to their and the community’s vision of the ideal moral order. Moreover, because ‘doing justice to women’ affects men’s and family’s honour, the project of the enhancement of women’s rights has had as a result retraditionalisation of family relations and hierarchical gender structures. Nowhere is this more poignant than in the status of educated single adult girls from provincial areas. They may be poster girls for the development community, but they are pitied by their own communities because they fail to become complete women––married (non-employed) mothers. The story of Morocco’s professed progress is a story of empowering its citizens, but one which does so on paper only. It is also a story which hides the salient details of poorly written reformed laws, obstructed access to justice, continuing widespread misogyny, material poverty and social marginalisation, and cohesive socio-economic programmes, which are rarely followed through.
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Hester, Amanda Spicer. "Juror perceptions of a woman who killed her abusive husband effects of wife's psychological diagnosis, husband's history of alcoholism, and documentation of domestic violence /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04012009-164826.
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Jarrett, Stephanie Therese. ""We have left it in their hands" : a critical assessment of principles underlying legal and policy responses to aboriginal domestic violence ; a location study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj373.pdf.
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Carneiro, Valnêda Cássia Santos. "O combate institucional da violência contra a mulher: estudo comparativo entre Brasil, Portugal e Espanha na implantação de Políticas Públicas." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/235.
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Em um momento histórico de grande difusão e de promulgação de leis específicas no Brasil, em Portugal e na Espanha, a violência contra a mulher ganha território de lutas, efetividade e avanços nas relações cotidianas. Através de uma abordagem teórico-jurídica, baseada nas letras jurídicas dos três países, objetiva-se realizar estudo comparativo com recorte na primeira década do milênio. Analisam-se, então, esses conceitos – poder, violência e instituições - conforme aparecem no contexto jurídico, a fim de evidenciar os instrumentos legais instituídos para implementar a proteção da mulher e um olhar mais apurado acerca das relações de gênero. Devido a semelhanças culturais, as leis brasileiras, portuguesas e espanholas acerca deste assunto são examinadas e comparadas. Dentro da linha de pesquisa Família e Sociedade, essa tese insere-se ainda na evidência da incapacidade do Direito em produzir efetiva proteção e fazer reconhecer a equivalência social entre a mulher e o homem, almejando um tratamento mais profundo e multidisciplinar. Constrói-se um quadro de interpretação calcado no elaborado por Göran Therborn ao estudar a diminuição da fertilidade das mulheres na França e nos Estados Unidos e respaldado nas conexões entre um fenômeno macroscópico e as inumeráveis decisões individuais que, em conjunto, vão constituí-lo. Com esta metodologia, evidencia-se que apenas a legislação, embora necessária, não é suficiente para acabar com a violência contra a mulher. A conditio sine qua non é a mudança de uma atitude cultural enraizada, de modo a permitir que se implante uma cosmovisão em que mulheres e homens sejam igualmente reconhecidos como livres e equivalentes.
The passing of laws aimed to protect women against violence in Brazil. Portugal and Spain, airs this issue and favors a forward movement of women’s fight for efficacy and advances in everyday gender relationships. Through a law-theoretical approach owing to the juridical thought from these countries, this work aims to make a comparative study in the matter suitable to the historical circumstances in this first decade of the millennium. So, concepts as power, violence and institutions are analyzed in a law perspective to exhibit the juridical tools created to implement women’s protection and a deeper sight in gender relationships as well. Owing to cultural similarities Brazilian, Portuguese and Spanish laws on this matter are reviewed and compared. In consonance with the research program on Family and Society, this thesis provides the evidence of factual inability of law to produce effective protection and to acknowledge social equivalence between women and men, which leds to a deeper multidisciplinary approach. An interpretation scheme was built following the one created by Göran Therborn when studying the diminishing of fertility among women in France and United States. Therborn’s scheme is grounded on the connection between macroscopic phenomena and multiple individual decisions laying beneath it, which is the case in violence against women within a traditionally male-centered society. Through this methodology it was evidenced that law itself, even though needed, is not enough to preclude violence against women. A radical change in a deep-rooted cultural attitude is conditio sine qua non to establish a worldview in which women and men could be equally recognized as free and equivalent.
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Oliveira, Marcella Beraldo de. "Justiças do dialogo = uma analise da mediação extrajudicial." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280373.
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Orientador: Guita Grin DebertTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Essa pesquisa está inserida no tema da 'administração institucional de conflitos' e oferece elementos para a análise da 'mediação' como um campo de práticas e saberes em desenvolvimento no Brasil. Busca-se entender, mais especificamente, como opera a dinâmica dos atendimentos de mediação extrajudicial e o que essa dinâmica produz como justiça. As investigações de campo tiveram como foco dois projetos de Balcão de Direitos da Secretaria Especial de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República: Centro de Mediação de Olinda/PE e Balcão de Direitos da ONG Viva Rio. Centrou-se, sobretudo, na etnografia da dinâmica dos atendimentos de mediação em Olinda, na análise da documentação produzida pelas duas instituições, bem como na realização de entrevistas com mediadores, atendidos, agentes comunitários e gestores desses projetos. Além disso, esta investigação resgatou os dados da pesquisa de mestrado, sobre a conciliação no Juizado Especial Criminal, em Campinas. Estas instituições fazem parte do que denominei de justiças do diálogo, que trazem uma dinâmica comunicacional, pautadas em um estilo não adversarial de administração de conflitos. Esse trabalho mostra que a mediação opera a partir de três ideais principais: o que busca, por meio da comunicação, o restabelecimento de laços comunitários, em que se pressupõe uma convivência pautada na igualdade e na democracia em que se compartilha noções de 'justo' e 'injusto', possibilitando assim o diálogo; o outro está orientado pela agilidade e desburocratização da Justiça; e, o terceiro, centra-se no esforço de ampliação do acesso à justiça e, sobretudo, aos direitos da cidadania para população de baixa renda. Esses ideais aparecem mesclados nos atendimentos da mediação, refletindo na multiplicidade de práticas levadas a cabo pelos mediadores nas instituições pesquisadas. E orientam a produção de diferenciações e hierarquias, nas relações entre os sujeitos envolvidos na mediação (mediadores, agentes comunitários e atendidos) e na relação entre a própria justiça do diálogo e a justiça comum. As práticas de mediação estudadas acabam produzindo, não um sujeito de direitos da cidadania, mas evidencia-se o reconhecimento das mulheres como 'sujeitos da pensão alimentícia', por meio do controle educativo das famílias pobres e da 'evitação' do sistema de justiça. A própria experiência de trabalho nos Balcões revela aos mediadores, os problemas da comunidade, seus vícios, preconceitos e perigos, impondo-os a tarefa monumental envolvida em promover o acesso a direitos básicos da cidadania, num contexto em que hierarquias de poder marcam as clivagens econômicas, de gênero e de geração
Abstract: This research is placed within the subject of 'institutional conflicts management' and provides elements for the analysis of 'mediation' as a field of practices and knowledge developed in Brazil. We seek to understand, more specifically, how the dynamic of extrajudicial mediation operates and what it produces as justice. The field investigations were concentrated on two projects of Balcão de Direitos from the Special Secretariat for Human Rights of the Brazilian Federal Government, which are the following: Centro de Mediação de Olinda/PE (Mediation Center in the city of Olinda in the state of Pernambuco) and Balcão de Direitos of Non Governmental Organization (NGO) Viva Rio. This research is focused mainly on an ethnographic study of the dynamic of mediation in Olinda as well as the analysis of documents produced by the two institutions and interviews with mediators, citizens, the community agents and managers of such projects. Furthermore, this research analysed the data gathered under my master regarding the conciliation in the Small Claim Criminal Court (Juizado Especial Criminal), in Campinas. These institutions are part of the justices that I have named dialogue justices, which brings a communication dynamic, guided in a non-adversarial style of conflict management. This work showed that mediation operates with three main ideals: one which seeks, through communication, the restoration the bonds of communities, which is guided by a presupposition on a coexistence based on equality and democracy, that are shared notions of 'fair' and 'unfair', that enable such dialogue. The other is oriented by agility and des-bureaucratization of Justice. And the third focuses on efforts to increase access to justice, especially the rights of citizenship for low-income members of the population. These ideals appear to be merged in the mediation dynamic, reflecting the multiplicity of practices carried out by mediators in the institutions surveyed. It also operates the production of differentiations and hierarchies in relations between the subjects involved in the mediation (mediators, community agents and the public) and in the relationship between the dialogue justice and justice courts. The mediation practices studied ended up producing, not a subject regarding the rights of citizenship, but an evident recognition of women as 'subjects of child support'. The mediation operates by the logic of a pedagogical control for poor families and the 'avoidance' of the justice system. The actual research carried out in the Balcão de Direitos reveals to mediators, the community problems, their vices, prejudices and dangers. It also imposes on them the monumental task involved in promoting access to the basic rights of citizenship in a context where hierarchies of power mark the economic, gender and generation cleavages
Doutorado
Estudos de Gênero
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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SANTOS, Rosângela da Silva. "A violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher sob a ótica dos profissionais de segurança pública." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1215.
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Capes
A violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher é um dos problemas sociais apontados no Brasil; sobretudo, pelo movimento feminista e de mulheres a partir da década de 1970 e 1980. Esses movimentos publicizaram esse tipo de violência, considerado, até então, de foro íntimo; e, por conseguinte, mobilizaram a criação de diversos mecanismos institucionais para que o processo de criminalização de ações violentas dessa natureza fosse possível. Em decorrência das pressões sociais, foi promulgada a Lei 11.340/06, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, a qual visa prevenir e coibir esse problema. Todavia, esse mecanismo, per se, não garante que o fim a que se propõe seja obtido com êxito. Diante disso, o desempenho adequado dos profissionais em instituições de serviços especializados ou não especializados para o atendimento às mulheres é visto como primordial para a sua eficácia. Portanto, nos propusemos a realizar pesquisa, cujo principal objetivo consiste em apreender a percepção dos profissionais de segurança pública a respeito desse tipo de violência, que atuam em delegacias de serviços não especializados no Cariri Ocidental do Estado da Paraíba. Para tanto, recorrendo ao processo de triangulação, foram analisados em uma das delegacias os boletins de ocorrência e, na outra, os inquéritos policiais sobre os casos desse tipo de crime, ambos no período de 2011 a 2016. Ademais, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com Delegados e Agentes de Investigação, bem como, com mulheres por eles atendidas, mediante roteiro de entrevista. Destarte, através da análise dos dados foi possível perceber que ao elaborarem acerca desse fenômeno, os referidos profissionais recorrem a duas matrizes discursivas, a saber, o patriarcalismo e o monopólio legítimo da violência.
Domestic and family violence against women is one of the social problems pointed in Brazil; especially by the feminist groups starting from 1970 and 1980. These groups made this kind of violence public because until that it was seen as a problem of private forum and consequently they mobilized the creation of several institutional mechanisms so that the process of criminalization of violent actions of this nature could be possible. As a result of social pressures, Law 11,340 / 06, popularly known as Maria da Penha’s Law, was promulgated aiming to prevent and restrain this problem. Nevertheless, this mechanism by itself doesn’t guarantee that the purpose for which it was created and intended is achieved successfully. Facing this, the adequate performance of professionals in specialized or non-specialized service institutions which care for women is seen as of major importance for the effectiveness of the law. Therefore, we set out to carry out this research with the main objective of understanding the perception that the public security professionals, who work at non-specialized police stations in the Western part of Cariri in the State of Paraiba, had regarding to this type of violence. For this, using the triangulation process, we analyzed the police reports in one police station and the police inquiries in another police station, both in the period from 2011 to 2016. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with precinct chiefs and investigation agents, as well as with women who were assisted by these professionals. Thus, through the analysis of the data, it was possible to perceive that when elaborating about this matter, the referred professionals resort to two discursive matrices: patriarchalism and the legitimate monopoly of violence.
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Erden, Deniz. ""." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610234/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis analyzes the right to reconcile work and family responsibilities which is recognized as crucial in women‟
s participation in the labor market. When women can not fully enjoy their right to work due to the burden of unequal gender division of labor, they become more vulnerable to poverty and male violence which impede them from developing their basic human capabilities. States should acknowledge that this is a human rights problem which is deriving from women&
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s overburden as primary caregivers. In order to overcome this problem and transform the patriarchal structure of the market and the family
state intervention in the private sphere is required. Two alternative reconciliation models are examined. The first is the equality driven model that encompasses parental leave and childcare facilities, which necessitate positive intervention of the state and more likely to trigger structural change. The other is the flexibility or market driven model which is based on part-time work and homeworking strategies. They target women&
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s participation in the labor market without necessarily leading to any change in the gender divisionof labor. The effectiveness of these strategies is analyzed within a feminist jurisprudence method. While the focus is on the international framework, including the EU Member States, the specific case of Turkey is also considered. Given Turkey&
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s socio-economic particularities, childcare largely depends on kinship relations and social policies regulating women&
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s labor market participation are market driven. The data shows that women in Turkey do not equally enjoy their economic and social rights. Therefore, by examining the international framework for right to reconcile work and family responsibilities, it is hoped that a case can be made to call on Turkey to abide by its international obligations to grant this right.
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Watts, Steven Edra. "'Let us run in love together' : Master Jordan of Saxony (d. 1237) and participation of women in the religious life of the Order of Preachers." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis I argue that Jordan of Saxony (d. 1237), Master of the Order of Preachers, fostered a culture of openness toward the participation of women in the religious life of the Dominican order. This is demonstrated, in part, through the study of the nature of Jordan's support for Diana d'Andalò (d. 1236) and her convent of Sant'Agnese and his presentation of female pastoral care in the Libellus, his history of the order. The argument is also developed by means of a chronologically-informed reading of Jordan's letters, which explores his use of familial language, his employment of the topoi of spiritual friendship, and the significance he attributes to the role of religious women's prayer in the order's evangelical mission. Jordan's friendship with Diana d'Andalò and her convent of Sant'Agnese is well-known, if not necessarily well-explored. It is usually treated as a case apart from the order's increasing hostility to the pastoral care of religious and devout women, which gained momentum over the course of Jordan's tenure. This thesis seeks to break down this compartmentalized view by articulating not only the close parallels between Jordan's perception of friars and nuns within the order, but also the way in which he extended bonds of mutual religious commitment to religious women outside the order. As such, this study also intends to contribute to a growing historiography that explores the various ways in which medieval men and women participated together in religious life.
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Queiroz, Maria Emilia Miranda de Oliveira. "A mulher e a "via crucis" da violência doméstica e familiar - do privado ao público, do público ao privado judicializável." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=588.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO presente estudo dedica-se a investigar as formas de participação social da mulher ao longo da história. Para isso, inicialmente utiliza o método histórico, com revisão de literatura. Na elaboração do quadro evolutivo da participação social das mulheres, notou-se que sua restrição à dimensão privada da casa era comum da Antiguidade até a Idade Moderna, pelo que se optou pela fundamentação na doutrina de Jürgen Habermas, com a Mudança Estrutural da Esfera Pública, e de Nelson Saldanha, com O Jardim e a Praça. A situação da mulher passa da completa exclusão social, quando era mantida na dimensão privada do lar, para uma discreta publicização, iniciada ainda na família burguesa, pela esfera pública literária. Pela publicação dos romances que retratavam as particularidades do cotidiano familiar, formaram-se clubes, para a discussão das leituras, mas ainda restritos aos homens. Esses clubes cresceram com a explosão artística renascentista e deram espaço à imprensa institucionalizada, que, por sua vez, evoluiria, transformando a esfera pública literária em esfera pública política. Propomos uma pesquisa empírica e verificamos que a imprensa escrita recifense, na atualidade, difunde a ideologia patriarcal, que legitima a violência doméstica familiar contra a mulher. Voltando ao quadro evolutivo, temos que a primeira forma de inserção social da mulher foi a integração, com o expurgo da diferença entre os sexos. Mas, com isso, a mulher foi forçada a masculinizar-se para ratificar a alegada igualdade. Com a falência do processo, a família cotidiana entrou em crise. A tendência atual de inserção não só da mulher, mas dos demais excluídos, é a inclusão, que não despreza as diferenças, mas valoriza-as numa visão conjuntural, onde cada membro da sociedade é determinante na formação do todo. A Lei Maria da Penha, como medida afirmativa para pacificar uma situação extrema de violência doméstica e familiar após o Brasil ter sido considerado negligente nesse assunto pela OEA. Mas, como contrária ao paradigma patriarcal dominante na nossa sociedade, esta lei provocou polêmica e foi suscitada sua inconstitucionalidade, que enquanto não é apreciada pela corte competente (STF) gera a judicialização da violência doméstica familiar contra a mulher. Para aferir isso, tomamos dois votos opostos dum Recurso Especial (STJ 1.097.042/DF) que mudou o modelo vigente desde a vigência da Lei Maria da Penha, ao exigir a representação da mulher agredida para a persecução penal do crime de lesão corporal leve, qualificada pela violência doméstica familiar (art. 129, 9, CPB). Analisando o corpus, verificamos que o posicionamento que exige a expressão da vontade da vítima, enquadrase como de integração, posto que pressupõe que a mulher tem as mesmas condições que o homem para a tomada de decisão de denunciar seu cônjuge (companheiro), e destoa com o atual movimento mundial multiculturalista, que considera as diversidades. Verificamos ainda que, o voto vencido, retrata o processo de inclusão social da mulher pela inclusão, já que usa da discriminação positiva para lhe garantir segurança, diante da inferioridade de sexo que lhe ameaça historicamente. Nesse momento, a mulher ainda não pode ser exigida como igual ao homem!
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Lin, Lang. "Parents, Patriarchy, and Decision-Making Power: A Study of Gender Relations as Reflected by Co-residence Patterns of Older Parents in the Immigrant Household." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/16/.
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Bjornberg, Karin. "Rethinking human security : taking into consideration gender based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71706.
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Includes bibliographyENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human security concept challenges the traditional view of state security. The very essence of human security means to respect human rights. The Commission on Human Security did not focus on women as a special area of concern in the 1994 Human Development Report. The report does not recognise that being subject to gender hierarchies increases women’s insecurity and that women experience human security differently from men and shows that the human security concept does not include gender based violence (GBV) because there is no specific attention paid to issues that predominantly pertain to women. This study is conducted from a feminist perspective. It is reflexive research and based on standpoint theory. The data is gathered through analysis of secondary data and primary data, collected through interviews. GBV in South Africa tends to be continuous and the perpetrator is most likely to be a spouse or partner. Studies show that women are seen as being dependent on and weaker than men. Many men view women’s rights legislation as a challenge to the legitimacy of men’s authority over women. Women who try to be more independent in their relationships are regarded as threats and violence against them becomes a way for men to show control. The criminal justice system in South Africa has made progress in protecting women from GBV but myths, stereotypes and social conventions still prevent women from receiving justice. Traditionally, the state regards what happens in the private sphere as outside its responsibility. The public/private dichotomy challenges state regulations and norms which is evident in the case of domestic violence. It is often argued that GBV has remained imperceptible because it takes place in the private sphere. However, this research indicates that due to the socio-economic situation in South Africa, the abuse is often publicly known by those in the immediate environment as people live in informal housing. This research shows that a human security framework that targets GBV has to be developed for those who bear its consequences. When women are not viewed as subjects, issues that mainly affect them remain invisible. It is necessary that analysis of human insecurity starts from the conditions of women’s lives. Many women in South Africa live highly traumatic lives. Fighting GBV requires that we know the victims of GBV and let them decide what they need to feel secure. Creating human security requires that other threats which contribute to GBV, such as poverty, gender stereotypes and prejudice are also addressed. GBV has become an epidemic in South Africa and is a permanent constraint in women’s lives and impacts society as a whole. The security of the state rest on the security of women and as long as the state fails to treat GBV as a serious crime and protect women the state is more likely to use violence on a larger scale against its citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Veiligheidskonsept daag die tradisionele siening van staatsveiligheid uit: die kerbetekenis van Menslike Veiligheid is om menseregte te respekteer. Die Kommissie op Menslike Veiligheid het nie op vroue as ‘n spesiale area van kommer gefokus in die Menslike Ontwikkelingsverslag van 1994 nie. Die verslag het daarin gefaal om te erken dat die realiteit van geslags-hiërargieë vroue se insekuriteit verhoog, en dat die ervaring van menslike sekuriteit van mans en vroue verskil. Hierdie navorsing sal toon dat die menslike veiligheidsbegrip nie in staat is om geslags-gebaseerde geweld (GGG) in ag te neem nie, aangesien daar geen spesifieke aandag verleen is aan vraagstukke wat hoofsaaklik op vroue betrekking het nie. Hierdie studie is vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief gedoen. Die navorsing is reflektief en op standpunt-teorie gebaseer. Die data is deur die analise van sekondêre data, asook die gebruik van primêre data i deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel . GGG in Suid-Afrika is geneig om oor ‘n uitgerekte tydperk plaas te vind en die mees waarskynlike oortreders is ‘n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Navorsing toon dat gemeenskappe geneig is om vroue as swakker en afhanlik van mans te sien. Wetgewing op die regte van vroue word deur vele mans as ‘n uidaging van hul legitieme superioriteit, ten op sigte van vroue, gesien. Vroue wat dus onafhanklikheid in hul verhoudings probeer uitoefen, word as bedreigings gesien en geweld word gebruik om hulle “in hul plek te hou”. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kriminele regstelsel het al vordering gemaak in terme van die beskerming van vroue teen GGG, maar mites, stereotipes en sosiale konvensies belemmer steeds die volle gang van die gereg. Die staat het in die verlede die private sfeer as buite sy jurisdiksie gesien. Die openbare/private sfeer digotomie bied uitdagings vir staatsregulering en vir die implementering van regulasies , en dit word veral duidelik in die geval van huishoudelike geweld. Daar word aangevoer dat aangesien GGG in die private sfeer plaasvind, dit onsigbaar bly. Hierdie navorsing het egter bevind dat GGG in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dikwels in die openbare gemeenskapsfeer (deur diegene in die onmiddelike omgewing) opgemerk word, omdat baie mense in Suid-Afrika informele nedersettings woon.Hierdie navorsing het verder bevind dat ‘n GGG raamwerk vir menslike veiligheid ontwikkel moet word wat diegene wat die gevolge van GGG dra insluit. Indien vroue nie spesifiek as navorsingssubjekte geag word nie, bly faktore wat hulle spesifiek beïnvloed onsigbaar. Dit is belangrik dat analise van menslike insekuriteit begin om die omstandighede van vrouens se lewens in ag te neem. Vroue in Suid-Afrika leef in hoogs traumatiese omstandighede. In die bestryding van GGG is dit belangrik dat die slagoffers van GGG in ag geneem word en dat dit hulle toelaat om dit duidelik te maak wat hulle onveilig laat voel. Die skep van menslike veiligheid vereis dat bedreigings wat bydra tot GGG, naamlik armoede, geslagstereotipes en vooroordeel , ook aangespreek word. GGG in Suid-Afrika het ‘n epidemie geword, en plaas ‘n permanente beperking op vroue se lewens. Dit het ook ‘n blywende impak op die samelewing as ‘n geheel. Die veiligheid van die staat rus op die veiligheid van vroue. Solank as wat die staat versuim om GGG te bekamp en as ‘n ernstigge misdaad te erken, en vroue nie die beskerming van die staat geniet nie, is daar ‘n hoër moontlikheid vir die gebruik van geweld deur die staat teen sy eie burgers op ‘n groter skaal.
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Duvillet, Amandine. "Du péché à l'ordre civil, les unions hors mariage au regard du droit (XVIe-XXe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697010.
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Cette thèse vise à appréhender la condition juridique des couples non mariés, à travers près de cinq siècles. Le droit canonique du mariage relégua le concubinage à un état permanent de péché, et, au XVIe siècle, le concile de Trente prescrivit des sanctions sévères à l'encontre des concubinaires. Les pères du concile édictèrent des règles encadrant la célébration du mariage. Puis, l'autorité séculière s'arrogea peu à peu la compétence en matière matrimoniale, par les lois et par la jurisprudence. La frontière entre mariage et concubinage était dorénavant strictement établie. Si l'ancien droit ne regarda pas le concubinage comme un délit, il fustigea les bâtards en les soumettant à un statut d'infériorité. Sous la Révolution, la sécularisation du mariage ne remit pas en cause la forme traditionnelle de l'union conjugale, toutefois, les législateurs accordèrent des droits aux enfants naturels reconnus. En 1804, le Code civil ignora absolument le concubinage. Le fondement de la famille était le mariage ; et, les enfants naturels furent, de nouveau, les victimes de la prééminence de l'union légitime. Dés le milieu du XIXe siècle, la rigueur du Code envers la famille naturelle fut atténuée grâce à un courant d'idées progressistes. Puis, au début du XXe siècle, la reconnaissance officielle du concubinage fut opérée par une série de mesures législatives lui conférant des effets juridiques, et la voie vers un pluralisme juridique des modèles familiaux se trouva ouverte.
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Paxton, Jennifer Anne. "Women and superannuation: the impact of the family law superannuation regime." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90796.
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This doctrinal analysis considers the impact of the 2002 superannuation reforms upon the treatment of superannuation in family law property settlement proceedings. Pre-reform the courts had limited ability to evaluate and split superannuation in property settlement proceedings. The parameters of inconsistency, uncertainty, lack of clarity and unfairness to women were identified to be key characteristics of the pre-reform law. Superannuation was becoming more widespread and valuable and notwithstanding changes in the public sphere women’s superannuation entitlements remained significantly less than men’s thus reinforcing the need for change. The 2002 reforms introduced a technical regime of superannuation payment splitting and flagging underpinned by obligations to provide information and undertake valuations but did not mandate the splitting of superannuation payments. Nor did the legislation provide guidance about how the discretion to alter the interests of parties in superannuation should be exercised. This doctrinal thesis presents a study of the relevant background policy issues, a review of the notable literature and a critical analysis of the significant case law to evaluate the evolving legal principles post reform. The parameters of inconsistency, uncertainty, lack of clarity and unfairness to women are employed to evaluate the treatment of superannuation in property settlement proceedings. The success of the post-reform law is also measured against the standard of a substantive equality approach. This framework focusses the findings of the doctrinal analysis throughout the thesis. The findings of the empirical analysis of the reforms reported in the 2008 Evaluation are assessed and compared with those of the doctrinal analysis. As well the results of the doctrinal analysis are assessed against the elements of the policy objectives identified by the Revised Explanatory Memorandum as being necessary to the success of the reforms. The reforms have led to improvements in the treatment of superannuation on separation and divorce. Separating couples can obtain information about each other’s entitlements that will allow most types of superannuation to be valued in accordance with prescribed valuation methods. Superannuation payments can be split and flagged, and the consideration of superannuation is no longer restricted to its treatment as a financial resource. Nevertheless there are shortcomings. The expected benefits of clear law to guide separating couples, lawyers and courts have been impeded by the judicial response to legislative ambiguity that has led to the preferred approach of treating superannuation as a separate species of asset. Consequentially there is no consistent treatment of different types of superannuation as property together with all forms of family wealth. There is uncertainty and inconsistency about the valuation of different types of superannuation. There is no consistency about the assessment of different types of contributions to superannuation compared to other assets. There is no certainty about the approach to the assessment of the relative economic positions of separated couples in relation to superannuation compared to other assets. Unfairness continues both because of the lack of retrospectivity of the reforms and as a result of layered disadvantage resulting from the evolving legal principles. Areas of future review and reform are identified and recommendations proposed. The retention of the discretionary approach is preferred to a rule based approach to property settlement generally or to superannuation specifically. However amendment of pt VIIIB is recommended to remove the Coghlan legislative ambiguity and to clearly state the policy intention of pt VIIIB by way of guidance. Also amendment of the transitional provisions is recommended to achieve fairness of access to the reforms for women. A range of other ancillary options are considered and the limitations discussed. Finally an empirical analysis of identified issues is recommended that builds on the present findings and addresses the limitations of the doctrinal approach.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Law School, 2014
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Hlophe, Nokwazi. "Ubunjalo nenqubo yomndeni omkhulu : ubudlelwane phakathi komakoti nomamezala elokishini laKwaMashu = The extended family's power structure : a case study of relations between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law in KwaMashu Township." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5347.
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Ackerman, Adena Meckley. "Marital satisfaction and the observance of family purity laws among orthodox Jewish women /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3082899.
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McQuillan, Deanna Boyd. "The Straw that Broke the Camel's Back? A Sociological Analysis of Marriage and Law School." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Title from screen (viewed on June 6, 2007) Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-89)
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Kruss, Julie L. ""Country women are resilient but....” : family planning access in rural Victoria." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21315/.
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Most women use family planning services during their reproductive lifetime, but many lack ready access to such services, particularly in a rural area. The aim of this study was to document and thus develop an understanding of the facilitators and barriers to accessing three types of family planning services (emergency contraception, termination of pregnancy, and options counselling) within a particular rural area of Victoria, Australia, and how these might affect women’s psychosocial health and their ability to make timely decisions about continuation of a pregnancy.
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Moodaliyar, Kasturi. "The abused women in South Africa : statutory implications and the use of mediation to resolve domestic violence disputes." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5285.
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Shen, Chin-Ping, and 沈靜萍. "The Diverse Embedded Taiwanese Family Law under Japanese Colonial Rule: An Examination of Court Judgment Concerning the Reform of Taiwanese Family and Legal Status of Women." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07650187545346718330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
102
This thesis will explore and describe the diverse embedded feature of Taiwan’s Family Law under Japanese colonial rule (1895-1945) in which Taiwanese old customs, modern Western legal concepts and Japanese Family and Succession Law in 1896 were blended by the colonial court judgments, the modern legal mechanism that possessed the power to interpret the law. Though the judgments, the colonial court not only infused the Meiji civil law’s concept of family but also introduced the spirit of modern individualism and liberalism to fight against Chinese traditional family image as an attempt to realize modernization and japanization. While the court tried to duplicate the concept of the head of Japanese family into Taiwan, it also strived for transforming the old custom to buying wife and giving the concubine right to leave her husband. However, since the positive development of Taiwanese female legal status was forced by colonial court’s efforts, or state law, the old custom that treat woman as object still remained intact and Taiwanese female faced even much more harsh time under colonial era.
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Mashele, Ngwamolangacha Madali Benedicta. "Experiences of newly married black women staying with the extended family in an urban township." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
M.Cur.In the black society, a family is the central unit whose unity and cohesiveness should be maintained. A nuclear family is the predominant form in the urban townships and it is marked by a family group of two generations that consists of the married couple and their children. Another form of family that is dominant is the extended family, which consists of three or more generations, staying in the same household. The extended family is seen as the sole provider of care and emotional support for newly married black women. The essence of the extended family lies in the bonds between its members ignoring the independence and needs of the newly married black women. In South Africa when black couples choose to marry they can do so under the common law or customary law. The customary law encourages payment of lobola, after which the bride (newly married black woman) will be handed over to the extended family, that is the husband's family. The newly married black women are expected to live with their husband's family, in order to learn the "newly" adopted culture of the extended family. The teaching of the new culture" is taught to the newly married woman by the mother and sister in-law. However, if the newly married black women do not follow the expected practices from the teaching of the extended family, this can have a negative effect on their body, mind and spirit. These negative effects can be a result of victimization by the extended family. To explore this problem of the newly married black women further, the researcher conducted a study on the experiences of newly married black women who live with the extended family in an urban township. The objectives of the study were to: • explore and describe the experiences of newly married women living with the extended family; and vi describe guidelines developed for advanced psychiatric nurses to facilitate the mental health of newly married black women that live with the extended family in an urban township. This study was undertaken within the framework of the Theory for Health Promotion in Nursing (Rand Afrikaans University: 2000), that has an approach that is Christian-based, and functions in an integrated bio-psycho social manner (body, mind and spirit). A functional reasoning approach based on Botes' model (2000) was followed. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used to answer the research questions. In-depth, semi-structured phenomenological interviews were conducted with newly married black women who met the sample criteria. Steps were taken throughout the research to ensure trustworthiness. To persuade the audience that the findings of this research are worth paying attention to, Guba's model for trustworthiness (Lincoln & Guba, 1989: 289) will be applied. Data analysis was done according to Tesch's (Creswell, 1994: 155) method. The results of this study indicate that newly married black women that stay with the extended family in an urban township, in this study have had various experiences such as: feelings of entrapment by cultural norms; and negative psychological effects evidenced by anger, frustration and hatred. Positive emotions like hope and determination, and the experience of support from outside the extended family were also experienced. Based on these results, guidelines were developed for advanced psychiatric nurses to facilitate the promotion of mental health of newly married women that live with the extended family in an urban township. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were given concerning psychiatric
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Liu, Qian. "Leftover women's choices in marriage and childbearing: navigating through the complexities of state law, social attitudes, and parental expectations." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, unmarried women in China face great pressure to marry when they reach their late 20s and beyond. These women are referred to as leftover women, a terminology that plays into the notion that they fail to sell themselves in the marriage market at the best timing.
Based on interviews and focus groups with leftover women in China, this dissertation situates their choices in the complexities of social and legal orders in today’s China to make sense of their decisions. Starting with a postcolonial critique of current literature on leftover women, this dissertation revisits leftover women’s decisions and demonstrates how their choices are made after evaluating all the available options rather than decisions made out of false-consciousness. I discuss how societal and parental expectations interact with state law to affect leftover women’s choices in marriage and childbearing. To understand how leftover women navigate through multiple levels of social ordering, I investigate the legal consciousness of these women when they judge which level(s) of social ordering they should follow. My analysis of leftover women’s strategies in engaging with state law challenges the assumption that ordinary Chinese people’s reluctance to use the formal legal system is a result of their lack of legal knowledge.
My interviewees’ emphasis on family relations and public attitudes regarding marriage and childbearing complicates and contributes to feminist relational theory by questioning its strong attachment to autonomy. Building on postcolonial feminist legal thoughts, I advocate that feminist relational theorists need to distance themselves from autonomy in order to understand the choices made by women who prioritize familialism over individualism. To unsettle feminist relational theory’s unconditional attachment to autonomy, I elaborate on leftover women’s understandings of the relationship between the self and the family and other people in their social networks. This elaboration is achieved by investigating the impact of societal and parental expectations, as well as leftover women’s participation in constructing the notions of filial piety and motherhood.
This dissertation offers a detailed discussion of leftover women’s choices in marriage and childbearing by demonstrating their navigation through multiple levels of social ordering. It also provides a postcolonial analysis of the approach of “blaming culture,” which has been used by many scholars who study leftover women, as well as other issues concerning marginalized populations in authoritarian states such as China. At the same time, this dissertation illustrates a way of analyzing women’s choices without focusing on autonomy, which is of great importance for research on women whose culture prioritizes familialism over individualism. This dissertation also contributes to the areas of legal consciousness and legal pluralism by explaining ordinary people’s reluctance to separate state law and non-state social ordering. This is a timely empirical study aiming to serve as a springboard to invite future research on law and emotions, and law and family relations, relationships and legal consciousness, and postcolonial analysis of the impact of patriarchal Confucian culture and Chinese legal culture in general.Graduate
2021-06-02
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Zeynodini, Fateme. "The legal regime governing the economic situation of married women in Iran : a dialogical view from Quebec." Thèse, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Family is the basic unit of society, and is grounded upon social, legal, religious and economic constructs. Depending on cultures and societies, and the often differential treatment they apply to men and women, entering into marriage may deteriorate women’s economic situation. The gender-based division of labor within family, which disproportionally burden women, notably through childcare responsibilities, causes a substantial decline in women’s income and interrupts their education and employment. This makes it difficult for women to have a career for themselves after a separation or divorce. Therefore, there is a general belief that legal principles and laws governing the marital relationship and property rights should be structured to protect women’s economic interests.
To establish an equitable economic framework between spouses, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) opts for an egalitarian regime which asks for equal rights and responsibilities for both men and women, during and after the marriage. It rules in favor of a partial community of property between spouses according to which all economic advantages and disadvantages arising from a marriage and its dissolution should be borne equally by both parties.
However, legal regimes differ in outlining the method of contribution each spouse must commit to the household, financial maintenance, and the division of property after a separation or divorce. Some legal regimes, following the CEDAW, emphasize formal equality and grant similar rights and responsibilities to both parties, while establishing a partial community of property. Another group of legal regimes establish the separation of property as the guiding principle for marital economic relationships, wherein the expenses should be borne by men as the heads of the household, whereas women should be compensated for their unpaid contributions to the household.
As a country with a Sharia-based Civil law system and a specific cultural background, Iran has its own special matrimonial regime and does not follow the CEDAW’s approach to women and men’s rights and responsibilities. Iran’s matrimonial regime bases itself on Sharia’s approach to men and women, and is anchored in Iranian culture. This accounts for a legal matrimonial system that is different from laws existing in Western countries. Under this system, the husband and wife have different economic responsibilities.
This thesis examines Iran’s matrimonial regime and compares it to the Quebec matrimonial regime. While Quebec family law espouses a contributory approach for both spouses in marital life, all economic institutions under Iranian family law are designed to enforce a compensatory approach toward the spouses’ economic relation. The compensatory approach of Iranian law to the financial aspects of marital life causes some difficulty for the wife, which is exacerbated at the time of the termination of the marriage. Such a comparative study hopes to bring some novel suggestions aiming at correcting certain deficiencies in the current Iranian matrimonial regime.
Besides assessing the issues with Iran’s marital regime, this research seeks to propose legal solutions for enhancing the economic rights of women. A holistic approach will therefore be adopted, which will lead us to take into consideration certain cultural and religious specificities which have become mandatory rights in Iran. The reform proposals put forward in this thesis will thus seek to respond to Iran’s current social context.
This study will examine women’s economic situations in marriage, separation, divorce and upon the death of their spouse. It will argue that the cultural specificities of Iranian society and Islamic law must be examined and assessed. It will also analyze women’s economic situation in marital relationships in Iran and Quebec. The study of these two different civil law jurisdictions will focus on the principle of equality and examine related arguments and ideologies regarding women’s rights and responsibilities.La famille est l'unité de base de la société et est fondée sur des constructions sociales, juridiques, religieuses et économiques. En fonction des cultures et des sociétés et du traitement souvent différencié qu’ils appliquent aux hommes et aux femmes, le mariage peut détériorer la situation économique des femmes. La division du travail fondée sur le sexe au sein de la famille, qui pèse de manière disproportionnée sur les femmes, notamment en raison de leurs responsabilités en matière de garde d'enfants, entraîne une baisse substantielle du revenu des femmes et interrompt leur éducation et leur emploi. Cela rend difficile pour les femmes d'avoir une carrière pour elles-mêmes après une séparation ou un divorce. Par conséquent, il est généralement admis que les principes juridiques et les lois régissant la relation conjugale et les droits de propriété devraient être structurés de manière à protéger les intérêts économiques des femmes. Pour établir un cadre économique équitable entre les époux, la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes (CEDAW) opte pour un régime égalitaire qui exige l'égalité des droits et des responsabilités pour les hommes et les femmes, pendant et après le mariage. Elle se prononce en faveur d'une communauté partielle de biens entre époux selon laquelle tous les avantages et inconvénients économiques résultant d'un mariage et de sa dissolution devraient être assumés également par les deux parties. Cependant, les régimes juridiques diffèrent en définissant le mode de contribution que chaque conjoint doit engager pour le ménage, l'entretien financier et le partage des biens après une séparation ou un divorce. Certains régimes juridiques, à la suite de la CEDAW, mettent l'accent sur l'égalité formelle et accordent des droits et des responsabilités similaires aux deux parties, tout en établissant une communauté partielle de biens. Un autre groupe de régimes juridiques établit la séparation des biens comme principe directeur des relations économiques conjugales, où les dépenses devraient être supportées par les hommes en tant que chefs de famille, tandis que les femmes devraient être indemnisées pour leurs contributions impayées au ménage. En tant que pays doté d'un système de droit civil fondé sur la charia et ayant une culture particulière, l'Iran a son propre régime matrimonial spécial et ne suit pas l'approche de la CEDAW concernant les droits et les responsabilités des femmes et des hommes. Le régime matrimonial Iranien se fonde sur l'approche de la charia à l'égard des hommes et des femmes et est ancré dans la culture Iranienne. Cela explique un système matrimonial légal différent des lois existant dans les pays occidentaux. Dans ce système, le mari et la femme ont des responsabilités économiques différentes. Cette thèse examine le régime matrimonial de l’Iran et le compare au régime matrimonial du Québec. Alors que le droit de la famille du Québec adopte une approche contributive pour les deux conjoints dans la vie conjugale, toutes les institutions économiques en vertu du droit de la famille Iranien sont conçues pour appliquer une approche compensatoire à l'égard de la relation économique des conjoints. L'approche compensatoire de la loi Iranienne concernant les aspects financiers de la vie conjugale cause certaines difficultés à l'épouse, qui sont exacerbées au moment de la fin du mariage. Une telle étude comparative espère apporter de nouvelles suggestions visant à corriger certaines lacunes du régime matrimonial Iranien actuel. Outre l’évaluation des problèmes liés au régime matrimonial de l’Iran, cette recherche cherche à proposer des solutions juridiques pour améliorer les droits économiques des femmes. Une approche holistique sera donc adoptée, ce qui nous amènera à prendre en considération certaines spécificités culturelles et religieuses devenues des droits obligatoires en Iran. Les propositions de réforme présentées dans cette thèse chercheront donc à répondre au contexte social actuel de l’Iran. Cette étude examinera la situation économique des femmes dans le mariage, la séparation, le divorce et le décès de leur conjoint. Il soutiendra que les spécificités culturelles de la société Iranienne et du droit Islamique doivent être examinées et évaluées. Il analysera également la situation économique des femmes dans les relations conjugales en Iran et au Québec. L’étude de ces deux juridictions de droit civil se concentrera sur le principe de l’égalité et examinera les arguments et les idéologies connexes concernant les droits et les responsabilités des femmes.
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Tshifhumulo, Rendani. "An evaluation of protection orders around Thohoyandou Area : a sociological approach." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/64.
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Suleman, Zahara. "Race(ing) family law: a feminist critical race analysis of the "Best interest of the child" test and the impact for racialized women in custody and access cases." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the inclusion of race as a factor for consideration in the best interest of the child test for custody and access determinations through the lens of Critical Race Theory and Critical Race Feminism. This thesis contributes to the ongoing feminist discussions and debates on the benefits and risks of including race in the best interest of the child test since the death of Bill C-22 An Act to Amend the Divorce Act. Through a review of family law reform and Van de Perre v. Edwards, the leading case to articulate that race is a relevant factor, I will highlight how race has come to be interpreted. Interviews were conducted with women advocates and lawyers who primarily advocated for racialized women and children in custody and access determinations. Their lived experiences of the challenges and struggles that racialized women experience in family law, particularly, the best interest of the child test, assist in providing a counter-story to White mainstream family law discourse.
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Chireshe, Excellent. "The utility of the Zimbabwean Domestic Violence Act : Christian and Muslim women's experiences." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study investigated Zimbabwean Christian and Muslim women who had experienced domestic violence with a view to finding out the extent to which these women used provisions of the Domestic Violence Act of 2006. The study was conducted in urban Masvingo and its surroundings. The methodology applied to the empirical investigation was qualitative and was informed by the phenomenological, feminist and pragmatic theoretical frameworks.
Data was collected, by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews, from 30 participants, 22 Christian and 8 Muslim, who were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. In investigating the women’s experiences, some questions guided the study. These include: Where and to what extent does a select group of Christian and Muslim women who fall victim to domestic violence normally seek help? How do religious and cultural beliefs and practices influence the response to domestic violence by the abused as well as those to whom they report? To what extent do religious communities prevent selected victims of domestic violence from seeking legal assistance?
Data was analysed by coding responses according to themes. The study revealed that the participants perceived domestic violence as having diverse causes and most of them saw their religion as crucial in addressing their plight. It emerged that a majority of the participants sought help from their religious communities as well as relatives and friends. Mixed responses emanated from these sources of help. The most common response, based largely on religious and cultural beliefs, was to encourage participants to avoid reporting to authorities. It also emerged that most of the participants were not willing to seek help from the police, courts or legal practitioners to seek redress because of the advice they received as well as their own internalised beliefs. Religious, social, and economic factors prevented most participants from appealing to provisions of the Domestic Violence Act.It was concluded that the Zimbabwean Domestic Violence Act had limited usefulness for participants because of religious, social and economic factors. It was recommended that if relevant stakeholders could jointly work together, domestic violence would be alleviated. Recommendations for further research were also made.Religious Studies & Arabic
D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)
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Raveendran, Nair K. P. "A comparative study of laws governing domestic violence in Ethiopia and India." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to compare the laws governing domestic violence in Ethiopia and India and to then determine their practical efficacy. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with victims of domestic violence, and an examination of judicial interpretation and findings in domestic violence cases, in both the city of Jimma, South-Western Ethiopia, and the town of Ranni, a district of Kerala in India. A comprehensive literature study was conducted concerning domestic violence against women in India and Ethiopia, international laws, and agreements on violence against women, and international best practices relating to domestic violence legislation and prevention.
Ethiopian law governing domestic violence was compared with a similar law in India. The nature, cause, extent, and prevalence of domestic violence in both jurisdictions were identified. The findings of this study indicate various shortcomings in the law governing domestic violence in these two countries, which cause a contravention of international agreements and best practices. It was further found that legislation alone is inadequate to address domestic violence since other social and cultural factors are involved in the phenomenon. The need for enhanced legislation in India and Ethiopia to effectively address domestic violence was identified.
Intervention strategies to inform policies and legislative changes in terms of domestic violence in India and Ethiopia are therefore proposed. Finally, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on addressing domestic violence in these jurisdictions.Maikemišetšo a thutelo ye ke go bapetša melao yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng go la Ethiopia le India go šupa ge eba melao ye e phethagatšwa ka mokgwa wo o ka thušago go fihlelela dipoelo tše di nyakwago. Tshedimošo e kgobokeditšwe ka mokgwa wa ditherišano tše di tseneletšego le batšwasehlabelo ba itemogetšego bošoro ka magaeng le tlhahlobo ya dikahlolo tša bokgaolakgang tša melato ya bošoro ka magaeng ka toropong ya Jimma, Borwa- Bodikela bja Ethiopia, gammogo le toropo ya Ranni, selete sa Kerala ka go India. Thutelo ya dingwalo ka botlalo e phethagaditšwe ya bošoro ka magaeng kgahlanong le basadi go la India le Ethiopia, melao le ditumelelano tša boditšhabatšhaba ka ga bošoro kgahlanong le basadi le mekgwa ye e amogetšwego boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba go ba ye mekaonekaone ya melao ya bošoro ka magaeng. Melao ya Ethopia yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng e bapeditšwe le melao yeo e swanago le yona go la India. Tlhago, seo se hlolago, bogolo le tlwaelo ya tiragalo ya bošoro ka magaeng ka kakaretšo dinageng tše pedi tše di šupilwe. Dikhwetšo tša thutelo ye di bontšha mafokodi a fapanego go melao yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng dinageng tše pedi tše ao a dirago gore melao ye e tshele mekgwa ye e amogetšwego boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba go ba ye mekaonekaone. Go lemogilwe gape gore tlhakamolao e nnoši ga e na maatla ao a lekanego go rarolla bošoro ka magaeng, ka ge mabaka a mangwe a setšhaba le setšo a akareditšwe. Tlhokego ya tlhakamolao ya maemo ao a phagamišitšwego ka go India le Ethiopia go lwantšha bošoro ka magaeng e šupilwe. Maano a tsenogare go fa tshedimošo ka melaotshepetšo le diphetogo tša melao ye e tsebišitšwego malebana le bošoro ka magaeng ka go India le Ethiopia ka gorealo a šišintšwe. Mafelelong, thutelo ye e tlaleletša go bontši bja tsebo ye e lego gona ka ga go rarolla bošoro ka magaeng ka go dinaga tše.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwabe kuwukuqhathanisa imithetho elawula udlame lwasekhaya e-Ethiopia kanye nase-India ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi le mithetho isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele yini. Idatha yaqoqwa ngokuthi kubanjwe izingxoxo ezinohlonze futhi ezijulile nabantu abayizisulu zodlame lwasekhaya futhi kwacutshungulwa kwaphinde kwahlaziywa nezinqumo zenkantolo emacaleni odlame lwasekhaya edolobheni lase-Jimma, eNingizimu- Ntshonalanga Ethiopia, kanye nasedolobheni lase-Ranni, esifundeni sase-Kerala kwelase-India. Kwenziwa ucwaningo lwemibhalo olubanzi mayelana nodlame lwasekhaya olubhekiswe kwabesifazane e-India nase-Ethiopia, futhi kwahlaziywa nemibhalo equkethe imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivumelwano eziphathelene nokunqandwa kodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane kanye nemithetho ephuma phambili emhlabeni jikelele, eyisibonelo esihle, yokulwisana nodlame lwasekhaya. Imithetho yase-Ethiopia elawula udlame lwasekhaya yaqhathaniswa nemithetho efanayo kwelase-India. Kwahlonzwa ubunjalo, izimbangela, ububanzi kanye nokusabalala kodlame lwasekhaya kuwo womabili lawa mazwe. Okwatholwa wulolu cwaningo kubonisa amaphutha nokwahluleka okuhlukahlukene emithethweni elawula udlame lwasekhaya kulawa mazwe, okubangela ukuthi le mithetho iphule izinkambiso eziphuma phambili ezibekiwe emhlabeni jikelele eziyisibonelo emazweni amaningi. Kwatholakala futhi nokuthi imithetho iyodwa ayanele ekubhekaneni nodlame lwasekhaya, njengoba zikhona nezinye izinto eziphathelene nenhlalo kanye namasiko ezibandakanyekayo kulokhu. Kwahlonzwa isidingo sokuthi imithetho yenziwe ngcono kwelase-India nase- Ethiopia ukuze kubhekwane nodlame lwasekhaya ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, kwaphakanyiswa amasu okungenelela, okuyiwona azosetshenziswa ekwakheni izinqubomgomo nokwenza izinguquko emithethweni yokulwisana nodlame lwasekhaya e-India nase-Ethiopia. Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo lufaka isandla emthamweni wolwazi olukhona njengamanje mayelana nokubhekana nodlame lwasekhaya kulawa mazwe.
Criminal and Procedural Law
D. Phil. (Criminal Justice)
47
Frías, Sonia M. "Gender, the State and patriarchy: partner violence in Mexico." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation focuses in the phenomenon of partner violence in Mexico. It examines the causes of partner violence at multiple levels of analysis. At the micro level it examines characteristics of individual victims, the family and the relationship. At the macro level the focus is on the legal and social structures that define domestic violence and the State's response. Throughout the analysis, the State plays a central role as the set of institutional arrangements that define the rules of the game and that determine the possibilities for change and the potential roles and effectiveness of key players including the feminist movement. Throughout the analysis I examine the confluence of forces that influence the State's attempts to reduce individual women's risk of partner violence through its legislative, judicial and police powers in a historically defined situation characterized by pervasive structural patriarchy. A major objective is to asses the influence of the pervasive patriarchy in the system on individual women's risk of partner violence. The approach adopted in this dissertation is based on the assumption that patriarchy is a social system that permeates social institutions and that becomes internalized and part of the normative everyday reality that structures individual's interpretations and motivations. This research demonstrates that, on average, the structural gender inequality between Mexican men and women is high. This inequality is revealed through qualitative and quantitative analyses that demonstrate empirically the influence of the patriarchal system both on individual experiences of partner violence, and on the State's response. Adopting a feminist post-structuralist approach to the analysis of the State's role, the research reveals inconsistencies between the discourses and practices of the Mexican State regarding partner violence. By analyzing administrative family violence legislation, I determine whether the Mexican State has in fact made substantively meaningful attempts to challenge patriarchy and to end violence against women in the family realm. The family violence legislation has two often inherently contradictory purposes. On the one hand the objective is to protect the family as a core social institution. The second, which is often in conflict with the first objective, is to protect women from abuse by their partners. This dissertation demonstrates that these conflicting objectives and the embededness of patriarchy throughout the social help explain why certain branches of the Mexican State tend to strengthen patriarchy and reify women's subordinate position in the family. The way in which the State interprets and implements family violence legislation reveals the inability and/or unwillingness of the State to protect women's rights and highlights the patriarchal assumptions pervading the State's actions. Finally, this research looks at feminist and women's movements and NGOs to determine whether they have been effective in influencing the State to adopt measures to guarantee women a life free of violence. I looked not only for their influence on the legislative level, but also surveyed the role they continue to play in implementing antiviolence laws.text
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Boukalová, Tereza. "Proměna a vývoj feministických hnutí v Koreji po roce 1980." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this diploma thesis is an analysis of historical and political factors that participated in the foundation and development of feminist movements in Korea after 1980. The first chapter deals with the working conditions of women employed in textile factories and subsequently describes the protest actions of these women in the 1970s. Protests and collective actions grew into political activism, which created the first women's movements in the 1980s. The second chapter is devoted to their character and development. The following section deals with another important factor that has influenced the formation of the identity of feminist movements in Korea, women active in politics. Their struggle to change Family law in the 1990s united women's movements and strongly signed on their future direction.