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1
Akhmedova, Anna. "Family business daughter:motivation, barriers and position in famiy firms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/525817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Family businesses play important role in economy of all countries. The research on the family business, since it became a separate discipline, continue to grow. It was found that family firms have many aspects that distinguish them from non-family organizations. Despite of the seeming career attractiveness of family business, women, and specifically family business daughters, are underrepresented in high-level management positions in family firms. Although, some external factors based on negative gender stereotyping contribute to this gender imparity, recent streams of research suggest that internal factors, such as lack of motivation, might also be related to the problem. To date, no attempt has been made to bring together barriers and motivation of family business daughters and their position in the company. This research closes this gap, providing an extensive study of the situation of family business daughters in family firms. Mixed methodology was used to view different aspects of interrelation between motivation, barriers and position. Contributions to family firm literature, theory and practice are discussed.
2
Graf, Carrie A. Driskell Robyn Bateman. "Gender differences in work and family conflict." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5055.
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3
Hederos, Eriksson Karin. "Essays on Inequality, Gender and Family Background." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-2293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Ph.D. thesis in Economics consists of five self-contained chapters that investigate the role of gender and family background in generating socioeconomic inequality. Occupational segregation by sex: The role of intergenerational transmission studies the persistence of the occupational sex segregation by investigating intergenerational associations in the sex composition of occupations. Gender differences in initiation of negotiation: Does the gender of the negotiation counterpart matter? experimentally examines how the gender difference in the willingness to enter a negotiation is affected by the gender of the counterpart in the negotiation. The importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of crime estimates sibling and neighborhood correlations in criminal convictions and incarceration. IQ and family background: Are associations strong or weak? examines sibling and intergenerational correlations in IQ. Gender and inequality of opportunity in Sweden explores to what extent income inequality is due to factors beyond individuals' control, such as gender and parental income.Diss. Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 5 papers.
4
Mannell, Jeneviève. "Practicing gender : gender and development policy in South African organisations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/567/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is a thesis about the relationship between gender policy and practice in South Africa, and its effects. Gender is a concept widely used in development policy, but little attention has been paid to precisely how development agents use gender policy in their practice. As a result, we know little about the significance or meanings practitioners attribute to gender policy, or how development actors adapt, transform or manipulate gender policy in their everyday work. Gaps in knowledge about how gender policy is put into practice in specific contexts have led to gaps in knowledge about what effects gender policy has on the politics of gender. This brings about two aims for this study: (1) to map the relationship between gender and development policy and practice in South Africa, and (2) to explore the effects of gender policy on gender politics. Following a multisite approach, this study looks at gender policy as a collection of ‘contested narratives’ (Shore & Wright 1997) about gender. The findings point to a conflict between three different policy frames being drawn on by policy actors as they try to assert their own understanding of gender, define the ‘problem’ that exists and the policies that are needed to solve it. This conflict may diminish the potential for a collective social movement for gender issues in South Africa. However, practitioners are not powerless implementers of policy, but rather use gender policy strategically in their practice by adopting, transforming and manipulating policy frames in a range of different tactical manoeuvres to suit their own objectives. Identifying the tactical manoeuvres being used by development practitioners in South Africa contributes new understandings of the fragmented ways that an alternative gender politics is currently being advanced by practitioners in this context.
5
Komura, Mizuki, and Hikaru Ogawa. "Pension and the Family." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18306.
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6
Wainwright, Sunila Claire. "Gender and family formation in Uttar Pradesh, India." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1512.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While modernising influences affect many facets of the lives of millions of Indian families, there remain deep-rooted socio-cultural practices and traditions that survive and become engendered in new institutional mechanisms. Labour market policy is but one example where age-old ethnic affiliations distort governmental efforts and find new ways of expressing themselves. Efforts over the past decade to slow the rate of population growth, by encouraging adoption of modern family planning methods have failed to tackle son preference and have caused the sex ratios at birth to be worse than at any other time in the nation's history. This is particularly so in urban India, even among the more educated populace, and it is worsening. This thesis sets out to assess the way in which such gender considerations affect family formation decisions, primarily concerning the quantity and quality of children, with an appreciation of the dynamic nature of the problem. First we assess how fertility preferences and past child outcomes affect the demand for family planning and how behaviours associated with the greater autonomy of women impact upon this process. The empirical work makes use of data from the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) for India, 1999, for the state of Uttar Pradesh, in a simultaneous equation framework, in an effort to take account of the joint determination of many of the variables inherent in modelling such dynamic processes with cross-sectional data. We find that although women's autonomy has been held up as a means of achieving lower fertility, the two do not necessarily go hand in hand, unless coupled with the wider participation of women. Unless the primary social and economic motivations for preferring sons are tackled and dismantled through legislation and through changes to social attitudes, superficial policies to promote the well-being of women will have little real impact and may lead to worsening female child outcomes. One of the policies heralded to achieve the deeper goal of gender equality has been the promotion of education of female children, who as a group lag well behind their male counterparts on both literacy and numeracy rates. We thus turn our attention to investigating the way in which household time allocation decisions are made, focusing on the parental choice of each child's main activity; to go to school, to work in the home, or in the formal labour market, in an effort to understand how the household's opportunities and resource constraints, along with social norms impact such decisions. While some state governments are offering cash incentives to families to keep their female children in school and unmarried, significant labour market discrimination against women continues and constrains the value of this government investment. Making use of the same NFHS data for Uttar Pradesh, we estimate each child's trinomial time allocation with competing speci cations and then compare the results. The standard multinomial logit model is estimated initially but imposes some fairly tight assumptions on behaviour and the resultant data, that are unlikely to hold in the present application. A Mixed Logit model is then estimated that is able to bring greater flexibility and descriptive richness than is possible with the standard Logit model. Estimation results are compared and con firm the ability of the Mixed Logit to capture more fully the unobserved heterogeneity inherent in the data and to allow for correlation in the errors across children of the same family that is not permitted within the standard logit setup.
7
Schuster, Alexander. "Gender-neutral family institutions from metalaw to law." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La reconnaissance des unions hors mariage, l'ouverture du mariage et la redéfinition en général de la famille qui se sont produits à la fin du XX siècle et au début du XXI déstabilisent la transposition juridique des systèmes de valeurs hétéronormatifs. La recherche aborde l'impact de l'orientation sexuelle sur les institutions familiales sous un angle de théorie du droit. Elle consiste d'abord dans une appréhension postmoderniste de la diversité, puis retrace l'évolution historique des unions homosexuels et du mariage. Ensuite, la clarification des éléments constitutifs et l'analyse économique des revendications de reconnaissance juridique des unions de même sexe introduisent les termes du débat contemporain. La recherche propose enfin l'idée de l'Etat eudémoniste négatif comme arrière-plan des modes de reconnaissance, et analyse le droit international et constitutionnel dans la perspective d'un large glissement paradigmatique en faveur d'institutions familiales indifférentes au sexeThe recognition of unmarried unions, the opening up of marriage, and the redefinition of family overall that have occurred in the late XX and earlier XXI century challenge the legal transposition of heteronormative value systems. The research tackles the reforms towards gender-neutral institutions under the perspective of legal theory. The issue is firstly situated in a postmodernist consideration of diversity and in the historic evolution of same-sex unions and marriage. Then, the legal clarification of the constituent elements of the claim for legal recognition and the economic analysis of same-sex couples outline the characteristics of contemporary debate. The research conclusively suggests the idea of the negative eudaemonistic State as the background of the paths towards recognition and surveys international and constitutional law in the light of a board paradigm shift in favour of gender-neutral family institutions
8
Huang, Penelope M. "Negotiating gender, work, and family : examining gendered consequences of leave-taking over time /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8921.
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9
Alexander, Alyssa Jane. "Differences in German Youth Gender Ideologies: The Relationship Between Family Structure and Doing Gender." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gender ideologies, which are constantly changing, are important for many outcomes in life, but the majority of gender ideology research focuses mainly on adults. Past research studying adult gender ideologies finds that adults' current relationship status affects their ideologies. For instance, divorced adults hold egalitarian ideologies more than stable married adults do (Davis, Greenstein and Marks 2007). Researchers attribute this finding to the types of gender behaviors adults perform with their partner or alone. What about youth? Understanding how these ideologies develop earlier in life is important, yet research rarely focuses on youth gender ideologies or their development. My research looks at the effects of family structure on youth gender ideology in Germany (Germany National Educational Panel Study (NEPS); Cohort One N=4,181; Cohort Two N=9,913). I argue it is through doing gender that family structures operate to influence the development of youth gender ideology, since parents' doing gender behaviors performed with their children vary by family structure. My findings suggest family structure does not matter for doing gender behaviors that parents perform with their children, thereby affecting their gender ideologies. As a result, it is more about other ways adults do gender outside of the home or about the youth themselves. I also find significant effects for females, suggesting females may invest more in the outcomes egalitarian gender ideologies produce. Future research should look at shifts in family structure and duration in various family structures in order to understand family structure's impact on gender ideology for youth.
10
Griffith, Katharine. "Employment, gender and the family in nineteenth-century Lancashire." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440401.
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11
Roche, Juanita Louise. "The elite in Imperial Germany : family, class and gender." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309233.
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12
Borg-Muscat, David. "Family, gender and domestic violence in eighteenth-century Malta." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409984.
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13
Sparks, Tabitha. "Family practices : medicine, gender, and literature in Victorian culture /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9319.
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14
Benson, Kristen Edith. "Gender Identity and the Family Story: A Critical Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research explored how transgender people and their partners experience the process of disclosing their gender identity, experiences of mental health, and how couple and family therapists can be helpful to relationships involving transgender people. The purpose of this study was to better understand transgender relationships to prepare couple and family therapists to work with this population. Participants were seven self-identified transgender people and three of their partners. In-depth interviews were used to explore experiences of transgender peopleâ s relationships. Nine themes were identified: decision to disclose, the road to acceptance, perceptions of sexual orientation, change, delineating between purposes for seeking mental health services, belief that therapists are not well-informed about transgender issues, value of well-informed therapists, couple and family therapists should be well-informed, and loved ones understanding of gender identity. This study provides insight into transgender peopleâ s relational issues relevant to couple and family therapy. Phenomenological, narrative and feminist lenses provide frameworks to view these findings. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.Ph. D.
15
Stoiljkovic, Anna Sofia. "Representation of race, gender and LGBTQ+ on Modern Family." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to establish the representations of the main characters of Modern Family out of three themes: the representation of genders, race and LGBTQ+, based on theories within the field, such as representation and stereotypes. Earlier research shows that these three social groups often are represented stereotypically in media with more inclusivity in some aspects and less in some. Four episodes have been chosen from different years and have been analyzed from an intersectional perspective. This purpose of this research is to understand what codes have been used when creating the main characters, and it focuses on three research questions:- In what ways are the female, male, Latin and LGBTQ+ characters on Modern Family represented?- Has the representation of race, gender and LGBTQ+ changed over the nine years since Modern Family started broadcasting? If so, in what ways?- What stereotypes replicate on the different characters depending on their race, gender and LGBTQ+?To do this, descriptive text analysis and semiotics have been used to analyze each episode and for better understanding of the stereotypical traits and representation in the analysis, Richard Dyer’s definition of stereotypes and Stuart Hall’s theory of representation have been used. The results show different changes in representation regarding the three themes. In conclusion, the representation of genders has changed over the nine years, thus has the representation of the Latin race and LGBTQ+ community not changed in many significant ways.Heading: Representation of race, gender and LGBTQ+ on Modern Family. Author: Anna Sofia StoiljkovicLevel: Final Exam Project in Media and Communication Studies, 15 hp Institution: School of Arts and Communication (K3)Faculty: Faculty of Culture and Society University: Malmö University Supervisor:Examiner:Term: Spring of 2019Keywords: Media representations, tereotypes, gender, race, LGBTQ+, Modern Family.
16
Raposo-Quintana, P. "Militant memories : family, gender and politics under Pinochet's dictatorship." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/129/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse political memories, through the life stories of people who participated in political parties or movements during the time of Pinochet’s dictatorship. The analysis focuses on two aspects of activism which have usually been neglected, namely family and gender relations. Several questions were embraced along this research, around the central motivation of learning about the way in which people became politically active. What role family traditions and loyalties played? How gender has been constructed through political memories and political activism? And from a more historical point of view, how State terrorism during the Chilean dictatorship marked political militancy, both rightwing and leftwing, particularly for those who were defeated and suffered human rights violations? Methodological aspects determine the limits and richness of this work, based on memory narratives taken from interviews. Political identities are analysed through memory work, from the perspective of the ways in which people remember and construct their experiences of activism, through their own narratives. I examine how committed militants view their past participation, how they currently live their commitment, how they relate to the Chilean past, and how they construct their identities through the narrations of this particular and essential aspect of their lives. Political parties, particularly the leftwing, have been criticised because of their failure to stand as political referents and their inability to vindicate current struggles, to reflect new forms of exploitation and the lack of recognition for new social actors. Therefore, and taking the Chilean experience as an example, I also revise some reasons why ‘modern’ and western styles of militancy, in the last decades, may have become less popular. Finally, I would like to state that this research intended to stand as a space for the narratives of some Chilean political actors, to confront the official history of this painful period, a history that tends to forget that behind the facts that shocked Chile during the 1970s the protagonists were real and normal people, whose everyday life conditions drove them to live with a strong political commitment.
17
Molina, Paola Andrea. "Gendered Repatriation: The Role of Gender and the Family on Further Migration Intentions following Repatriation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every day, thousands of unauthorized migrants are repatriated from the United States to Mexican cities along the U.S.-Mexico border. Suspended at the border, unauthorized migrants must make a quick decision: attempt another clandestine border crossing, return to their hometown in Mexico, or choose some other alternative such as stay in the city where they have been repatriated. In this research, I seek to better understand the decision-making process behind these intentions to further migrate following repatriation. I ask several interrelated questions: What are the factors that lead some repatriated migrants to state that they will attempt another crossing of the U.S.-Mexico border? Others to state that they will return to their hometowns in Mexico? And still others to state that they do not know what they will do? As gender is a constitutive aspect of migration and social reality more generally, I also pay special attention to how gender and family constraints help shape the decision-making process behind further migration intentions. For one year, I conducted 70 in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with repatriated migrants at a migrant shelter in Nogales, Sonora (Mexico), interviewing roughly equal shares of women and men (37 women, 33 men). When I was not interviewing, I also engaged in direct and participant observation at the shelter that I documented as field notes. I asked respondents to share their experiences with me from their clandestine crossing of the Arizona-Sonora border, to their apprehension experience with the Border Patrol or other U.S. authorities, and finally to their experiences following repatriation to Nogales, Sonora. Through this research, I found that both gender and the family played central roles in migration- and repatriation-related activities in different and complex ways. Gender intrinsically shaped respondents' experiences in their journey in the semi-arid Arizona-Sonora desert, their interactions with Border Patrol agents and other U.S. authorities, and the decision-making process following repatriation. Further, family constraints, such as dependent children in the U.S., critically affected further migration intentions in gendered ways. As part of my work, I provide several policy recommendations regarding the repatriation of unauthorized migrants to border cities such as Nogales, Sonora.
18
Kekic, Razia. "Women, work and the family : changes in gender relations, employment and the family in Belgrade." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392136.
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19
Chapski, Ashley M. "Family Contact in Prison and Post-Release Family Social Support: Does Gender Affect the Relationship?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1566313186304724.
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20
Carviou, James. "Modern family and Family guy: representation and relevancy among Twitter fans." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From a critical perspective, this study interrogates issues of representation and relevance among Twitter fans. Sitcoms are a satirical reflection of everyday life. Studying audience response on Twitter can offer insight into the connection between a television show as a text and its responding fans. There has been a variation in engagement when it comes to television viewership. Some viewers are no longer passively watching their favorite shows. They are engaged on social media offering comments and questioning what they see and hear. This comes at a time when television has evolved with a renaissance of programming and technology, but still covets rating success and the ability to cultivate captive audiences.
This research applies textual and discourse analysis in an examination of three episodes each from Modern Family and Family Guy while linking direct commentary in response on Twitter. Specifically, representations of masculinity, race/ethnicity, class and sexuality are explored. The findings indicate an active audience that is supportive of both of sitcoms and an extension of their enjoyment beyond the texts themselves into personal, communal and societal experiences.
Each text was analyzed based the context of the episode in connection with the discourse of the corresponding tweets. Tweets were singled out based on their context in connection with the defined categories of inquiry; masculinity, race/ethnicity, class and sexuality. The findings indicate that the nature of parody/satire itself prompted cultural exchanges of discourse on Twitter in specific areas of personal, communal and societal relevance. More specifically, personal relevance meant an intimate connection between the person tweeting about the text and the context of the text itself. Communal was more about shared experiences between members of the Twitter fandom and societal was defined by projected comments beyond the isolated nature of the shared community on Twitter.
The result is a negotiation of audience members with the text as it unfolds in front of them. There is a range of commentary from acceptance to disgust. This study reveals the rich data that is available in response to popular sitcoms. It investigates how an audience negotiates and rationalizes hegemonic forces at work alongside progressive modes of representation. The result is not a monolithic response to the text. Instead, this work revealed a more complex level of responses given the polysemic nature of the audience (Fiske, 2010).
Negotiation works as a constant cyclical process between the producers, the text itself and the audience’s interpretation. Popular sitcoms like Modern Family and Family Guy were shown in this study to exist upon an important base of fan support because of the predictability of the existing narratives. Whether audience members chose to love, hate or compromise for each text, as demonstrated by their tweets, there was active participation including their choice in viewership and activity on Twitter.
Participation occurred at multiple levels. First, their choice to view the text in the first place. Second, their negotiation concerning how to engage with the text, and third, their resulting reaction to the text on Twitter. This study examines that participatory experience during the spring 2013 television season. This in-depth analysis found that over a 24 hour period the tweets surrounding each episode included personal, communal and societal relevance for Twitter fans, especially when it came to issues of masculinity, race/ethnicity, sexuality, and class.
21
Lewis, Jamie Michelle Pearce Lisa D. "Maternal influence on adolescents' formation of work-family gender ideology variations by gender, race, and ethnicity /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
22
Collier, Richard Stanley. "Family, law and gender : a study of masculinity and law." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is an attempt to explore the construction of masculinity in a variety of areas of law pertaining to the family. It attempts to integrate recent theoretical developments within the legal sub-discipline family law, in particular in relation to feminist theory and critiques of doctrinalism, with a social theory of gender and scholarship which foregrounds the social construction of masculinity. Chapters 1-5 are concerned to analyse and overview approaches to theorising law, gender and the family, and to present a theoretical base from which to begin to examine the relationships between legal discourse, power and sexuality in Chapter 6 - 9, They seek to define and analyse concepts and themes within the sociologies of law, gender and the family, concluding with an assessment of the implications of a theory of law as a social discourse and of 'familialist' approaches to law and the family for the study of masculinity and power. Chapters 4 and 5 are explicitly concerned with theorising masculinity, drawing out the themes, issues and implications for legal scholarship of developing a perspective from which analysis of the construction of masculinity in legal discourse may take place. Informed by the theoretical developments in Chapters 1 - 5, Chapter 6 - 9 examine the legal construction of sex and gender in relation to the formation and annulment of marriage, focusing on transsexualism and the non-consummation of marriage. Conclusions relate (a) to the construction of marriage and sexuality in legal discourse, and (b) generally, to the theorising and study of masculinity, law and the family. The thesis brings together a number of themes within the study of law and the family to present, I hope, an original and challenging analysis of a neglected and important dimension to the study of law and gender.
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Korovushkina, Irina. "Marriage, gender, family and the Old Believer community, 1760 - 1850." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388137.
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Hirvonen, Lalaina. "Essays in empirical labour economics family background, gender and earnings /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Economics, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Härtill 3 uppsatser.
25
Martin, Blake Janice. "Managing Family Food Consumption: Going Beyond Gender in the Kitchen." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How have food identities and practices in upper middle class homes responded to foodie culture? While the majority of the sociological literature focuses on gendered divisions of labor in the kitchen, food security, and healthy eating, my research focuses on how foodie culture discourse has entered the home and shaped food identities and practice. My sample consists of interviews with thirteen parents, both mothers and fathers, with at least one child in the "tween" age range. Using grounded theory, I analyzed and coded the data for recurring themes. I then divided the participants into two groups based on how they discussed their identity as it relates to food; Group 1 viewed food work as a hobby while Group 2 viewed food work as a chore. My findings include themes of the discussion of food identity, nutritional discourse knowledge, shopping practices, defensive moments, feeding strategies, and fathers who cook. My study demonstrates that race, ethnicity, gender, class, nutritional discourse knowledge, time, and parenting style all play an important role in the formation of food identity.
26
Abrams, Widdicombe Aimee Samantha. "State-Provided Paid Family Leave and the Gender Wage Gap." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The U.S. is the only OECD country that does not offer any form of federal paid parental leave. Only three states—California, New Jersey and Rhode Island—have state paid parental leave policies; implemented in 2004, 2009 and 2014, respectively. Through descriptive statistics and a regression analysis of women and men’s wages in those three states, before and after the implementation of the policies, we assess the effects of paid leave programs on the gender wage gaps in those states. Our results show us that California’s paid family leave policy had greater effects on decreasing the gender wage gap than the policies in New Jersey and Rhode Island. In addition, our regression analysis shows us that women of childbearing age (19-45 years) saw an increase in their wages after the policy implementations, while men of childbearing age saw a decrease in their wages. This led us to the conclusion that paid family leave policies may be effective in decreasing the gender wage gap; however it is problematic that men’s wages decreased, implying that the policies may not be totally welfare optimizing. However, we came to an important conclusion that will hopefully entice more states and the federal government to implement policies to better support working parents.
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Hayhoe, Celia Ray. "Discriminating between primary family financial managers and the other adult in the family: A gender perspective." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study used a gender perspective to examine the intergender differences between male and female primary family financial managers and the intragender differences among females and among males of the primary family financial manager and the other adult in the family. The results of this study showed that researchers need to examine the differences of males and females in general when examining the differences between male and female primary family financial managers. Of the 20 variables employed in the discriminant analyses in this study, only the money attitude of power/spending differentiated between male and female primary family financial managers and not between males and females in general. However, the money attitude of power/spending did not differentiate among females or among males between the primary family financial manager and the other adult in the family. None of the paths to primary family financial manager in the structural equations model were significant. These results suggest there is need for further research to determine the intergender differences between male and female primary family financial managers and the intragender differences between the primary family financial manager and the other adult in the family. This study was a secondary analysis of data from Arizona and California collected as part of the NC-182 project, Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining the Economic Well-Being in Rural Families. To be selected for the sample the couple had to be married so that there was a choice of a male or female as primary family financial manager. The sample consisted of 210 male primary family financial managers, 185 female primary family financial managers, 123 male other adults and 123 female other adults.
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Martinengo, Giuseppe. "Gender Differences and Similarities in the Work-family Interface: The Importance of Considering Family Life Stages." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2123.pdf.
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Andersson, Emil. "Family in crisis : A narrative analysis of gender roles and family hierarchy in the movie Turist." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103939.
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This study conducts a narrative analysis of the film Turist, in order to explore how its portrayal of a contemporary Scandinavian family could provide insight into how gender roles are constructed. Drawing on classical feminist theory, film theory and giving special focus to explore how masculinity and the father’s role is portrayed in relation to femininity this essay uses a theoretical angle that is less explored than others. In the methodology, this study examines both the film’s characters and the many technical aspects that a film is constructed from. When relevant to the analysis in its entirety the study will consider parameters such as dialogue, editing, camera movement, framing of scenes and music. The results of the research show that the film is self-aware when constructing stereotypical gender roles that aligns itself with classical feminist theories. In the end the film implies that the family is comfortable to return to the traditional family hierarchy, because this is something they believe is expected from them.
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Lewis, Julia A. "Leave-taking experiences in the workplace: gender differentials." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180491171.
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Andersson, Neil. "Uncertainties in gender violence epidemiology." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2420/.
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This thesis contains 11 papers published in peer reviewed journals between 2006 and 2012. The papers focused on gender violence research methods, the prevalence of risk factors for gender violence, and its association with HIV and maternal morbidity. The accompanying commentary addresses three uncertainties that affect gender violence epidemiology. These are missing data, clustering and unrecognised causal relationships. In this thesis I ask: Can we reduce these three uncertainties in gender violence epidemiology? A systematic review of the intimate partner violence literature over the last decade found that few epidemiological studies manage missing data in gender violence questionnaires in a satisfactory way. Focus groups in Zambia, Nigeria and Pakistan confirmed that missing data lead to underestimation of gender violence prevalence. A partial solution to this problem was to place greater emphasis on interviewer training. In a reanalysis of the data from the published papers I compared different approaches to dealing with clustering in gender violence epidemiology. Generalised linear mixed models and other methods found that clustering potentially plays a causal role. This can be important in interventions that target a community at large, and act throughout the cluster. In a reanalysis of several datasets I show how a history of gender violence influences measurement of many associations related to HIV, possibly due to an unanticipated role of gender violence in the causal pathway with HIV. In conclusion, it is possible to reduce the uncertainties associated with missing data, clustering, and unrecognised causality in gender violence epidemiology.
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Wyatt, Courtney A. "Welfare Status, Gender, and the Utilization of Marital Counseling Services." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2841.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how welfare status, gender, and the interaction between welfare status and gender relate to the utilization of counseling services related to marriage (i.e., "marital help-seeking"). This study was a secondary analysis of the Utah Marriage Survey data set from 2003. Two samples were utilized in this study, and generated a total sample of I ,316 participants. The first sample was made up of I, 173 randomly selected Utah households, identified through a random-digit dialing sampling technique. The second sample was obtained from a random selection of current Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients. This sample of 143 TANF recipients provided an over-sample of low-income households, thus permitting comparisons with the first sample. Participants were identified through the sampling techniques described and contacted by telephone to complete the survey. The data pertaining to participants' welfare status, gender, and attitudes and behavior related to marital help-seeking were analyzed using chi-square analyses and I tests. The results indicated that welfare status is not significantly associated with marital help-seeking attitudes and behavior. In addition, no significant relationship was found between gender and marital help-seeking behavior. However, results indicated that males have less favorable attitudes than women toward marital help-seeking. Finally, welfare status and gender were not found to have a combined relationship effect on marital help-seeking attitudes and behavior.
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Summers, Marcia. "Assimilation and Accommodation in Family Discourse: A Longitudinal Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5988.
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Assimilative behavioral strategies provide continuity through maintenance of similarities, traditions, and interactions, while accommodative strategies result in social innovation through the creation of new modes and interactive patterns (J. Block, 1982; J . H. Block, 1983). It was hypothesized that females would show assimilative discourse patterns through the maintenance of conversational topics, while males would show accommodative patterns through more frequent changes in conversational topic, and that the roots of this pattern lie in family conversation. Nineteen families were videotaped at one month, four months, and four years following the birth of their second child. Results showed that gender-differentiated use of assimilation and accommodation was more true for sibling dyads than for the parent-child relationship.
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Nolan, Jane. "Family experiences of job insecurity and work intensification : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269272.
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Hunter, Kate. "The Relationship Among Gender, Gender Role Attitudes, and the Anticipated Commitment to Career, Marriage, Family, and Housework." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3181/.
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The relationships between gender, gender role attitudes, and participants' anticipation of future life roles (career, marriage, family, and homecare) were examined. Participants consisted of 297 single college students between the ages of 17-29 years (M = 20). Females reported significantly (p< .01) more egalitarian gender role attitudes than males. Significant results were found for the relationship between gender and anticipated life roles (p< .01) as well as between gender role attitudes and anticipated life roles (career role value, r = .14 and marital role value, r = - .18). The study findings suggest a possible gender conflict for females with more egalitarian gender role attitudes and behavior intentions and their male counterparts.
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Dennehy, Jane. "Gender and competition : a dynamic for managers." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/327/.
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Gender inequality continues to exist in the labour market and this project contributes to discussions on why women are not equally represented in management hierarchies relative to their labour participation rates. Competition is the central lens used to evaluate current debates and add new perspectives to gendered processes in management. As an area of research, competition is largely neglected in the gender and management body of work. This study is important in exploring how as a concept and a practice, competition can operate in organisations and in the individual careers of men and women managers. Informing the thesis is a review of theories including gender performance, individualization, stereotypes and management styles which contribute to building a framework for understanding and engaging with competition and competitive relations. Adapted from Bradley’s (1999) model of gendered power, competition is defined as a series of dimensions which are investigated to research how and in what ways competition is gendered. Qualitative data was collected and analysed with the findings indicating a confused and often contradictory picture demonstrating how managers engage with competition and competitive relations. Within organisations and management hierarchies competition, some managers claim, remains distant from their experiences at work and is not widely discussed. For others external competition located within the marketplace is strongly identified with, whereas other managers cite personal competition and its role in their own self development as the base for their experience. Suggesting competition is a single concept or has a single location for practice has limitations. The model designed and used in this project builds competition as a multidimensional concept which can be explored across a range of activities and attitudes examining how increased visibility and understanding of competitive relations can inform those management practices and policies which sustain gender inequality.
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Ahlberg, J., C. Roman, and Simon Duncan. "Actualising the `democratic family'? Swedish policy rhetoric versus family practices." Oxford University Press, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2879.
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yesIn this paper we examine empirically a key element of individualisation theory - the democratic family. We do so using the `acid test' of family policy, and family practice, in Sweden. First we review the progress of family policy in Sweden since the 1960s, which has expressly promoted an agenda of gender equality and democracy in families, with individual autonomy for both adults and children as one key element. We then turn to family practice, looking particularly at negotiation and adult equality, lifelong parenting after separation, and children's autonomy. While Swedish policy makers and shapers seem to have developed the idea of the democratic family long before the sociologist Anthony Giddens, the results in practice have been more ambivalent. While there has been change, there is more adaptation to pre-existing gender and generational norms.
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Osborn, Sharani Evelyn. "Doing fatherhood, doing family : contemporary paternal perspectives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21085.
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Research in recent decades has identified a conception among fathers, and others, of a widespread qualitative change in the potential nature of fatherhood for men. This widely circulated ideal of contemporary, participatory fatherhood is characterised as new, intimate, involved and productive of new practices of ‘masculinity’ (Henwood and Procter, 2003). A belief that fathers play a major part in family life and family a major part in fathers’ lives may, first, change the nature of the life course transition entailed in becoming a father. Second, ‘new’ fatherhood is new in that it is distinguished from a model of authoritarian distance associated with ‘traditional’ fatherhood. What is new is that the primary focus of fatherhood is intimate relationships with children. Third, intimate relationships are generated through fathers’ involvement in family life alongside mothers in a more equitable sharing of the responsibilities of parenting. Finally, as distinctions between maternal and paternal are blurred, some of the lines between ‘masculine’ and ‘not-masculine’ are redrawn. These aspects which the ideal of ‘new’ fatherhood constructs as arenas of change correspond to the domains in relation to which diversity among contemporary fathers are explored in this thesis. Accounts of becoming and being fathers were generated in semi-structured qualitative interviews with a diverse sample of 31 fathers. The first dimension of fatherhood analysed is the place of visions of family and fatherhood in the process of becoming a father. Participants’ situated their orientation to fatherhood in the life course and in the partner relationship. In examining how participants construct family’s needs and parents’ responsibilities, I argue that imagined and lived family relationships are significant for men’s orientations to fatherhood, for their attitude to having further children and for evaluating the resources, material and otherwise, for doing so. The second dimension considered is intergenerational legacies. Participants with different experiences of the father-child relationship engage with their parenting heritage and characterise the legacy they would like to pass on. Connections and breaks with the previous generation of fathers are understood in terms of parent-child relationships, biographical narratives and the relational and discursive resources and constraints of the present. The relation of fatherhood to motherhood is the third dimension explored, through analysis of the different ways in which participants in couples construct, first, the relation between their own practice and their partner’s in the parenting partnership and, second, the relation between caregiving, provision, paid work and career in their own practice. I argue that fathers’ practice is worked through in the lived relationship with their partner, in terms of the division of labour and responsibilities and in the negotiation of similarity and difference, equality and authority, and with reference to a range of discursive resources. Many fathers seek to balance their commitments to the different dimensions of fatherhood in relation to paid work, but in other dimensions of personal life. The fourth aspect of the analysis examines accounts where fathers speak of co-existing contradictory orientations, to freedom and commitment, for example, and moments of ambivalence in relation to the normative articulations of ‘masculinity’ and fatherhood. On the basis of this four-fold analysis of diversity in contemporary multidimensional fatherhood, I argue for a plural focus on the practices of doing family, doing fatherhood and un/doing gender makes conceptual space for engaging critically with the diverse practices through which fathers sustain the relationships and fulfil the responsibilities of multi-dimensional fatherhood.
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Demirli, Aylin. "The Role Of Gender, Attachment Dimensions, And Family Environment In Loneliness." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608553/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate predictive value of gender, attachment dimensions, and family environment in determining students’
loneliness level. For this purpose, firstly, the effect of gender, attachment types and family environment on loneliness level was investigated. The participants of the study were 473 (281 females and 192 males) students from different departments of Ankara University. Participants were administered UCLA Loneliness Scale, Family Environment Assessment Scale, and Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire. Data analysis were carried out by three-way ANOVA (2 gender X 2 Family Environment X 4 Attachment Type) to investigate the effect of gender, attachment types and family environment on loneliness level and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis to investigate predictive value of gender, attachment dimensions, and family environment in determining students&
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loneliness level. The results of three-way ANOVA yielded that while main effects were significant, interaction effects were not significant. Post-hoc analysis revealed that male students were lonelier than females
Families with low coherence scores were lonelier than families with high coherence scores and individuals with fearful pattern of attachment were lonelier than individuals with secure, dismissing, and preoccupied patterns of attachment. Stepwise multiple regression analysis also showed that, attachment types, family environment and gender together explained the 19 % of variance in loneliness.
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L'Heureux, Marie Alice. "The ideology of gender and community : housing the woman-led family." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69708.
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Housing typologies based on the traditional family no longer satisfy the needs of the majority of households. Woman-led families are impeded in their search for appropriate housing by their low wages and family responsibilities, compounded by the blindness of housing-policy makers to their existence. Historical models of collective dwellings are steeped in the ideology of the period and yield few direct practical solutions to the current dilemma. The richness of this housing, however, which evolved during a time of dramatic social change underscores the blandness of current housing solutions. Feminists insist that housing and urban design solutions should challenge the gender defined roles of "homemaker" and "childcare giver" and the restricted mobility of women in cities and suburbs. The endorsement of new housing typologies must be translated into their realisation and subsequent analysis.
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Sokal, Laura. "Mothers, fathers, sons, and daughters, gender schematicity in the family context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ53079.pdf.
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Evertsson, Marie. "Facets of Gender : Analyses of the Family and the Labour Market." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : [Institutet för social forskning], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28.
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Herrera, Veronica Marina. "Family influences on adolescent depression and delinquency: Gender differences in risk." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289717.
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Using a community sample of 296 youth participating in a longitudinal study, this study sought to explore: (1) gender differences in rates and patterns of offending; (2) gender differences in pathways between childhood and adolescent family risk factors, adolescent depression, and juvenile delinquency and (3) childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor of female delinquency? Structural equations models were initially run separately for girls and boys. Early exposure to family violence did not predict delinquency for either sex. It did influence later parenting practices for girls' only. Girls depression was also affected by current parenting practices. Parenting in adolescence did not predict girls' delinquency, although the relationship approached significance in the predicted direction. Only girls' depression was significantly related to girls' delinquency. For boys, the only significant relationship in the model was between parenting in adolescence and juvenile delinquency. Although the patterns of associations between the girls' and boys' models appear to differ, multi-group structural equation models tested whether the pathways between constructs statistically differed by sex. Results from these analyses indicate that the pathways between parenting in adolescence and depression, and depression and delinquency are significantly more relevant for girls than for boys. The final model including sexual abuse, was tested for girls only. Child sexual abuse affected parenting in adolescence and also predicted adolescent depression. Although childhood sexual abuse failed to directly predict delinquency, the pathway emerged as a trend.
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McCandless, Julie. "Reproducing the sexual family: law, parenthood and gender in assisted reproduction." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518310.
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Sullivan, Cath. "Work at home, gender and the intersection of work and family." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395882.
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Hatchman, Bartie Gartrell Pipes Randolph Berlin. "Women's gender role attitudes, career salience, and paid work family conflict." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2027.
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Wood, Elizabeth Joyce. "The Family Politic: Free African American Gender and Belonging, 1793-1865." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153878.
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Free people of color living in Petersburg, Virginia between the American Revolution and Civil War exercised more control over their lives than their enslaved counterparts but were also subject to restrictive laws and social customs meant to reinforce and propagate ideas of racial inferiority. as African Americans leveraged the rights they had and navigated through and around coercive measures, two important goals drove their actions: the desire for bodily autonomy and family integrity. to the extent possible, African Americans made choices that resisted white control and the hardening definitions of race that came to justify slavery, even as they claimed belonging in the southern social order. We cannot understand free black actions, use of the courts, participation in the economy, or methods of obtaining freedom without examining what was at stake, and the evidence shows that intimate and family relationships drove those decisions. Local government records, church minutes, and family papers reveal both shared and contested values among African Americans and between African Americans and whites. Some people of color conformed to prevailing gender and sexual ideals while others blatantly rejected them, and many recognized a range of gender behaviors and sexual relationships as legitimate. Occasionally, private conflicts became public concerns, and the resulting interactions revealed the fault lines of gender expectations. Protecting children, in contrast, was an almost universal value among African Americans. Children of color were not isolated from whites or the white-run world, but parents, extended kin, and the greater black community attempted to insulate them from the worst effects of racism and white control, prioritizing liberty for their children and protecting enduring family legacies of freedom. Not all households and families looked alike among Virginia's free people of color, but studying how free blacks built and protected them, including negotiating race, gender, and sexual identities, helps us understand why, even when it was imperfect or incomplete, freedom mattered.
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Ramirez, Susan Mari. "Gender Inequities in Academe and Faculty Perceptions of Family-Friendly Policies." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/183.
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This study explored faculty members' perceived importance of family-friendly policies in academia, the extent to which faculty perceive academic institutions as having a social responsibility to make the academy more family-friendly, participants' endorsement of gender-biased norms, and whether the faculty members who participated in this study are considering "opting-out" of academia. Key constructs that were explored include: the ideal worker norm, the motherhood norm, the maternal wall, and bias avoidance. Methodological limitations and the implications for this study were discussed. The participants of this study were 243 female and male tenure-track and tenured faculty members from graduate departments from six nationally accredited, public, U.S. doctoral-granting research universities. The results indicated that although most faculty do not intend to "opt-out" of academia, a substantial proportion reported that they are considering leaving their current institution, or leaving academia entirely. Further, although faculty members' perceptions of whether a family-friendly policy is of personal importance varied, the overwhelming majority of respondents expressed support for such policies. Finally, on average, faculty members did not endorse gender-biased beliefs toward caregiving, with women being less likely to endorse such beliefs.
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Alharkan, Lulwah S. "Housing Morphology, Gender, and Family Relationships in Jeddah, KSA (1940-2017)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511861294367023.
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Holland, Brenna O'Rourke. "Free Market Family: Gender, Capitalism, & the Life of Stephen Girard." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/287455.
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HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation is a cultural biography of merchant banker Stephen Girard that explores the origins of the mythology as well as the mechanics of capitalism as it functioned on the streets and in the homes of early national Philadelphia. By tracing changes in Stephen Girard's family, both traditional and improvisational, from the 1770s to his death in 1831 and beyond, this project examines how Girard repeatedly capitalized on his family to take commercial risks, reinventing what family meant in a transforming economy. Telling overlapping stories of Girard's family and businesses, including trade networks reaching from Europe, the Caribbean, and China to the United States, I argue that an Atlantic-American culture of capitalism developed at the intersection of the family and the market. Episodes that show the salience and limits of familial bonds in a turbulent economy include Girard's risky commercial strategies during the American Revolution that relied on his brother in Saint-Domingue, and tenuous rationalities of the market and marriage that collided when his wife supposedly went insane. After his public involvement in Philadelphia's yellow fever epidemics of the 1790s, Girard learned that institutions could do the work of families. Applying this lesson to the national political economy, Girard refashioned the Bank of the United States into the Bank of Stephen Girard and lent the U.S. Treasury over one million dollars to help fund the War of 1812. Well before his death in 1831, Girard was one of the wealthiest men in the nation. His will altered the shape and flow of Philadelphia, with repercussions for inheritance and corporate law through the twentieth century. By juxtaposing Girard's personal and public lives, this dissertation integrates scholarship on the market economy with that on gender and the family to better understand the expansion of a culture of capitalism in the early American Republic. Under capitalism, people and relationships were fungible in new and important ways. In telling the story of Stephen Girard, this dissertation follows a central, but overlooked, player in the early American and Atlantic economy in order to explain the paradoxical relationship between capitalism and liberty.
Temple University--Theses