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1
Kingma, Johannes, and Henk-Jan Ten Duis. "Injuries Due to School Sports Accidents in 4 to 13-Yr.-Old Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (February 2000): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.319.
Анотація:
505 kindergarten and primary school children from 4 to 13 years of age were treated for school sports injuries during the period 1990–1997. The incidence of injuries increased statistically significantly from .5 per 1,000 children 4- to 5-yr.-old to 4.8 injured children per 1,000 in 12- to 13-yr.-old. 59% of the injuries involved upper extremities; 35% of these were in the wrist region. 33.5% of the injuries were of the lower extremities, with 50% being of the feet and 36.4% of the ankle. Accidental falls were the main situation (53%) in which school sport accidents occurred. Nearly 65% of these accidental falls occurred at the ground level; the remaining accidents (35%) occurred when the child was working on an apparatus, e.g., parallel bars, balancing beam, side horse. The 4- to 5-yr.-old children were the most vulnerable to accidental fall (67%). A statistically significant increase in injuries in ball sports was observed from 4- to 5-yr.-olds (0%) to the 12- to 13-yr.-olds (28%).
2
Freitas, Mariana Gonçalves de, Palmira de Fátima Bonolo, Edgar Nunes de Moraes, and Carla Jorge Machado. "Elderly patients attended in emergency health services in Brazil: a study for victims of falls and traffic accidents." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 3 (March 2015): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015203.19582014.
Анотація:
The article aims to describe the profile of elderly victims of falls and traffic accidents from the data of the Surveillance Survey of Violence and Accidents (VIVA). The VIVA Survey was conducted in the emergency health-services of the Unified Health System in the capitals of Brazil in 2011. The sample of elderly by type of accident was subjected to the two-step cluster procedure. Of the 2463 elderly persons in question, 79.8% suffered falls and 20.2% were the victims of traffic accidents. The 1812 elderly who fell were grouped together into 4 clusters: Cluster 1, in which all had disabilities; Cluster 2, all were non-white and falls took place in the home; Cluster 3, younger and active seniors; and Cluster 4, with a higher proportion of seniors 80 years old or above who were white. Among cases of traffic accidents, 446 seniors were grouped into two clusters: Cluster 1 of younger elderly, drivers or passengers; Cluster 2, with higher age seniors, mostly pedestrians. The main victims of falls were women with low schooling and unemployed; traffic accident victims were mostly younger and male. Complications were similar in victims of falls and traffic accidents. Clusters allow adoption of targeted measures of care, prevention and health promotion.
3
Rudelli, Bruno Alves, Marcelo Valerio Alabarce da Silva, Miguel Akkari, and Claudio Santili. "Accidents due to falls from roof slabs." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 131, no. 3 (2013): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2013.1313479.
Анотація:
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Falls from the roof slabs of houses are accidents of high potential severity that occur in large Brazilian cities and often affect children and adolescents. The aims of this study were to characterize the factors that predispose towards this type of fall involving children and adolescents, quantify the severity of associated lesions and suggest preventive measures. DESIGN AND SETTING Descriptive observational prospective longitudinal study in two hospitals in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. METHODS Data were collected from 29 cases of falls from roof slabs involving children and adolescents between October 2008 and October 2009. RESULTS Cases involving males were more prevalent, accounting for 84%. The predominant age group was schoolchildren (7 to 12 years old; 44%). Leisure activities were most frequently being practiced on the roof slab at the time of the fall (86%), and flying a kite was the most prevalent game (37.9%). In 72% of the cases, the children were unaccompanied by an adult responsible for them. Severe conditions such as multiple trauma and traumatic brain injuries resulted from 79% of the accidents. CONCLUSION Falls from roof slabs are accidents of high potential severity, and preventive measures aimed towards informing parents and guardians about the dangers and risk factors associated with this type of accident are needed, along with physical protective measures, such as low walls around the slab and gates with locks to restrict free access to these places.
4
Wang, Hongwei, Yuan Zhang, Qiang Xiang, Xuke Wang, Changqing Li, Hongyan Xiong, and Yue Zhou. "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal fractures: experience from medical university–affiliated hospitals in Chongqing, China, 2001–2010." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 5 (November 2012): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.spine111003.
Анотація:
Object The main objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological data obtained from patients with traumatic spinal fracture at 2 university-affiliated hospitals in Chongqing, China. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of all patients who suffered traumatic spinal fracture and were treated at Xinqiao Hospital and Southwest Hospital (both affiliated with The Third Military Medical University) between January 2001 and December 2010. The demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients over this 10-year period were compared. Results A total of 3142 patients (mean age 45.7 years, range 1–92 years) with traumatic spinal fractures were identified; 65.5% of the patients were male. The peak frequency of these injuries occurred in the 31- to 40-year-old age group. Accidental falls and traffic accidents were the most common causes of spinal fractures (58.9% and 20.9%, respectively). Traffic accidents tended to occur in younger patients, whereas accidental falls tended to occur in older patients. The most common area of fracture was the thoracolumbar spine (54.9%). Cervical spinal fractures were significantly more common in patients injured in traffic accidents, while lumbar spinal fractures were more common in accidental fall patients. Using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, 479 (15.3%) patients were classified as having ASIA A injuries; 913 (29.1%), ASIA B, ASIA C, or ASIA D; and 1750 (55.7%), ASIA E. ASIA A injuries were more common in patients who suffered thoracic spinal fractures (15.09%) than in those with fractures in other areas of the spine. A total of 954 (30.4%) patients had associated nonspinal injuries. Of these patients, 389 (40.78%) suffered a thoracic injury, and 191 (20.02%) sustained a head and neck injury. The length of hospitalization differed significantly between the accidental falls from high heights and falls from low heights, as did the mean cost of hospitalization (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between accidental falls from high heights and traffic accidents (p > 0.05). The length of hospitalization differed significantly among the 3 groups according to the ASIA classification, as did the mean cost of hospitalization (p < 0.05). Of patients with incomplete lesions, 39.3% improved 1 or more grades in ASIA classification during hospitalization. Conclusions Accidental falls emerged as the leading cause of traumatic spinal fracture in this study, and the numbers of fall-induced and sports-related injuries increased steadily with age. These results indicate that there should be increased concern for the consequences of fall- and sports-related injuries among the elderly.
5
Lagbas, Clint, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Magda Shaheen, Dulcie Kermah, and Deyu Pan. "Traumatic Brain Injury Related Hospitalization and Mortality in California." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/143092.
Анотація:
Objective. The aim of this study is to describe the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population and causes and identify factors associated with TBI hospitalizations and mortality in California.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study of 61,188 patients with TBI from the California Hospital Discharge Data 2001 to 2009. We used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses in SAS version 9.3.Results. TBI-related hospitalizations decreased by 14% and mortality increased by 19% from 2001 to 2009. The highest percentages of TBI hospitalizations were due to other causes (38.4%), falls (31.2%), being of age≥75years old (37.2%), being a males (58.9%), and being of Medicare patients (44%). TBIs due to falls were found in those age≤4years old (53.5%),≥75years old (44.0%), and females (37.2%). TBIs due to assaults were more frequent in Blacks (29.0%). TBIs due to motor vehicle accidents were more frequent in 15–19 and 20–24 age groups (48.7% and 48.6%, resp.) and among Hispanics (27.8%). Higher odds of mortality were found among motor vehicle accident category (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41); males (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27–1.46); and the≥75-year-old group (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI: 4.9–8.4).Conclusions. Our findings suggest a decrease in TBI-related hospitalizations but an increase in TBI-related mortality during the study period. The majority of TBI-related hospitalizations was due to other causes and falls and was more frequent in the older, male, and Medicare populations. The higher likelihood of TBI-related mortalities was found among elderly male≥75years old who had motor vehicle accidents. Our data can inform practitioners, prevention planners, educators, service sectors, and policy makers who aim to reduce the burden of TBI in the community. Implications for interventions are discussed.
6
DEMİRCİ, Burak, and Abuzer COŞKUN. "Evaluation of forensic fall from height cases aged two years and younger." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1171320.
Анотація:
Purpose: Childhood trauma is often caused by accidental or neglected falls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographic and clinical factors to determine the incidence of falls from height in children under two years old.
Materials and Methods: The study included 106 forensic cases who presented to the emergency department after falling from a height of one meter or more as a result of an accident or negligence between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. According to the level of fall height, the cases were divided into two groups as below 3 meters and above. Clinical findings, hospitalization, and mortality status were used to group patients.
Results:Of the 106 cases included in the study, 59(55.7%) were male.The mean age of the patients was 12.89±6.80 months (p=0.002) and the mean height level was 3.67±2.85 m (p=0.001).The mean height of the Low and High groups was 1.78±0.71, 6.92±2.09 meters, respectively.Crainal fracture was present in 21(19.8%) patients in the high group and all traumatic parenchymal brain lesions except contusion were seen in the high group (p=0.001). Four (3.8 %) of the 9(8.5%) dead cases died in emergency department. The average height of emergency department fall victims was 9.75±2.63 meters (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Especially cases of falling from height under the age of two are common and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Fall height level is an important marker in terms of clinical and prognosis. Informing and educating caregivers and parents can prevent accidents and neglect in advance.
7
Betsis, Sotiris, Maria Kalogirou, Georgios Aretoulis, and Maria Pertzinidou. "Work Accidents Correlation Analysis for Construction Projects in Northern Greece 2003–2007: A Retrospective Study." Safety 5, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5020033.
Анотація:
Construction project related accidents are critical events and it is imperative that they are analyzed in order to understand and identify their root causes. Therefore, the present study analyzes work accidents on construction projects in northern Greece. The methodological approach firstly includes the collection of accident related data from the “Greek Work Inspection Organization”, which is followed by a descriptive analysis and corresponding codification of available data. The next step includes the creation of an appropriate database in SPSS to accommodate all relevant data and subsequent correlation analysis that aims to identify potential trends and tendencies within the accidents’ sample. The findings highlight the most frequent occurrences regarding construction work related accidents and at the same time identify correlations among the various parameters associated with them. The majority of accidents include inexperienced personnel and workers in the age range of 24–44 years old. Moreover, most accidents occur during the summer and are not fatal. Falls are by far the dominant type of accident, and as a consequence, fractures are the most frequently occurring type of injury. Finally, most accidents occur in the morning, with injuries focusing on the lower parts of the body, and in the presence of general use equipment. The current paper also identified associations among various accident characteristics. These findings could help towards reducing the number and severity of work-related accidents. Improved construction site organization, accompanied by the dedication of management towards health and safety and more frequent inspections, could decrease the number and severity of accidents.
8
Kingma, Johannes, and Henk-Jan Ten Duis. "Severity of Injuries Due to Accidental Fall across the Life Span: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (February 2000): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.62.
Анотація:
This retrospective study investigated injuries due to accidental fall across the life span for which 19,593 patients were admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Groningen University Hospital during the period 1990 through 1997. 64% of the accidental falls were found for those in the age range between 10 years and 59 years; however, the proportion of accidental falls with regard to other causes of injuries by age group were the highest in youngsters (infants up to 9 years old) and in elderly persons (over 60 years old), 43% or more of these patients having falls with injuries. The clinically treated patients had on the average a statistically greater Injury Severity Score (7.2) than the outpatients (2.4). The highest percentages of medically treated inpatients were the patients of 60 years and over. Their mean ISS score was about the same for elderly inpatients, but the percentage of clinical treatment increased with age as well as the mortality. 30% of the injuries were found in the lower extremities and 30% in the upper extremities. Bone fracture was statistically significantly the major (36%) injury followed by contusion (20%). 34% of the accidental falls occurred at home, and statistically significantly more females, 50 years of age and older, were injured than males.
9
Araújo Junior, Francisco Alves de, Anderson Matsubara, Luiz Henrique Cardoso Pereira, Eric Henrique Batista Schmidt, and Gabriel Luiz de Souza Kondlatsch. "Epidemiology of Spinal cord Injury in references trauma center in Curitiba (Paraná, Brazil)." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 2 (June 2021): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212002240563.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients who were victims of SCT, to identify the main trauma mechanisms for this injury and its outcome. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study, in which the epidemiological data, computed tomography reports and medical records of patients with fractures identified in their examinations at trauma reference hospitals in Curitiba-PR, in 2018, were analyzed. Results: 705 patients were studied. There was a male prevalence (64%), the most affected age group was 21 to 30 years old (18%), the mean age was 48.23 years, the mean female age being approximately 10 years higher. The main mechanisms were traffic accidents (34%), falls from a higher level (29%) and falls from the same level (25%). The most affected segment was the lumbar with 46% of cases. The incidence of surgical treatment was 15%, of spinal cord injury was 5%, and death was the outcome in less than 3% of cases. Conclusions: The profile of the patient victim of SCT in 2018 in Curitiba-PR was that of a young man, victim of a traffic accident with thoracolumbar involvement without spinal cord injury, under conservative treatment.Level of evidence II; Retrospective Study.
10
Jalalvandi, Fereshteh, Peyman Arasteh, Roya Safari Faramani, and Masoumeh Esmaeilivand. "Epidemiology of Pediatric Trauma and Its Patterns in Western Iran: A Hospital Based Experience." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 6 (October 26, 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p139.
Анотація:
<p><strong>BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:</strong><em> </em>Trauma is a major cause of mortality in children aged 1 to 14 years old and its patterns differs from country to country. In this study we investigated the epidemiology and distribution of non-intentional trauma in the pediatric population.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS & METHODS: </strong>The archives of 304 children below 10 years old who presented to Taleghani trauma care center in Kermanshah, Iran from March to September 2008, were reviewed. Patients’ demographic and injury related information were registered. The participants were categorized into three age groups of 0-2, 3-6 and 7-10 years old and the data was compared among age groups and between both sexes.</p><p><strong>FINDINGS: </strong>The most common cause for trauma was falling from heights (65.5%) and road traffic accidents (16.4%). The most common anatomical sites of injury were the upper limbs followed by the head and neck (36.8% and 31.2%, respectively). Injuries mostly occurred in homes (67.4%). The injuries were mostly related to the orthopedics and the neurosurgery division (84.1% and 13.1%, respectively). Accident rates peaked during the hours of 18-24 (41.3%). Male and female patients did display any difference regarding the variables.</p><p>Children between the ages of 0-2 years old had the highest rate of injury to the head and neck area (40.3%) (p=0.024). Falls and road traffic accidents displayed increasing rates from the ages of 0-2 to 3-6 and decreasing rates to the ages of 7-10 years old (p=0.013). From the ages of 0-2 to 3-6 years old, street accidents increased and household traumas decreased. After that age household trauma rates increased and street accidents decreased (p=0.005). Children between the ages of 7-10 years old had the highest rate of orthopedic injury (p=0.029).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong><em> </em>Special planning and health policies are needed to prevent road accidents especially in children between the ages of 3-6 years old. Since homes were the place where children between the ages of 0-2 were mostly injured, parents should be educated about the correct safety measures that they need to take regarding their children's environments. The orthopedics department needs to receive the most training and resources for the management of pediatric trauma.</p>
11
Martins, Rosa, Nélia Carvalho, Susana Batista, and Alexandra Dinis. "Falls in Elderly: Study of the Prevalence and Associated Factors." European Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 3 (May 12, 2022): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2022.2.3.92.
Анотація:
Institutionalized elderly presents a higher risk of falling than those who are not. The issue of falls among elderly people should be considered as a serious public health problem because of its consequences and permanent costs. Objective: This study will intend to assess the risks and the determinative factors of falls among institutionalized elderly. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive- correlational and quantitative study. We used a non-probability convenience sampling composed of 136 elderly people who were institutionalized at the time. They were between 65 and 99 years old, with an 85,98 years old average age. To collect the data, we used a protocol formed by questions about these people’s socio-demographic, contextual and clinical characterization. We also used the Family Functionality Scale, the Self-care Dependency Evaluation Scale and the Tinetti Scale (POMA I). Results: Most of the people from our sample show a high risk of suffering from falls: we have concluded that about 45.6% of elderly people present a high risk of falling, 16.5 % a medium risk and 38.2% a low risk of suffering from this kind of accident. We also observed that the risk of falling was higher among elderly who showed the following characteristics: in females (p=0,014), in those who show a poor literacy (p=0,000), in those who exhibit any kind of cognitive impairment (p=0,014), in people who suffer from neurological and osteoarticular diseases (p=0,000) and in elderly who suffer from loss of visual and hearing acuity (p=0,010). By contrast, the elderly who experience a better autonomy as far as their walking capacity, personal hygiene and medication are concerned are those who show a lower risk of fall accidents. Conclusions: Falls in institutionalized elderly are becoming a serious problem in the elderly, requiring health professionals to effectively intervene in their prevention.
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Madaan, Priyanka, Deepak Agrawal, Deepak Gupta, Atin Kumar, Prashant Jauhari, Biswaroop Chakrabarty, R. M. Pandey, Vinod Kumar Paul, M. C. Misra, and Sheffali Gulati. "Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital From Northern India." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 14 (August 4, 2020): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073820944040.
Анотація:
Traumatic brain injury is an important cause of acquired brain injury. The current study brings to light the clinicoepidemiologic profile of pediatric traumatic brain injury in India. Retrospective record analysis of children (aged ≤ 16 years) with traumatic brain injury presenting to an apex-trauma-center in North India over 4 years was done. Of more than 15 000 patients with a suspected head injury, 4833 were children ≤16 years old. Of these, 1074 were admitted to the inpatient department; 65% were boys with a mean age at presentation being 6.6 years. Most patients (85%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 at presentation while Glasgow Coma Scale scores of ≤8 was seen in 10% of patients. Neuroimaging (computed tomography [CT]) abnormalities were seen in 12% of patients, with the commonest abnormality being skull fracture, followed by contusions, and extradural hemorrhage. Around 2% of patients required decompressive craniotomy whereas 3% of patients succumbed to their illness. Among the inpatients with pediatric traumatic brain injury, two-thirds were boys with a mean age at presentation of 7.6 years. Severity of traumatic brain injury varied as mild (64%), moderate (11%), and severe (25%). The most common mode of injury was accidental falls (59%) followed by road traffic and rail accidents (34%). Neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in half of inpatients with pediatric traumatic brain injury, with the commonest abnormality being skull fracture. Pediatric head injuries are an important public health problem and constitute a third of all head injuries. They are more common in boys, and the most common modes of injury are accidental falls, followed by road traffic accidents.
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Amer, Ameera Ibrahim, Balges Mohammad Alrowili, Raghad Naif Aljohani, Mona Dabshi Alanazi, Basmah Mustafa Ageel, Rawan Hussein Alhasawi, Iradah Abas Alsbban, et al. "Causes of primary tooth avulsion and replantation treatment." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 5049. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213687.
Анотація:
During primary dentition, the etiology changes by age group. For instance, traumas secondary to collisions and falls are attributable to early movement within the first six years, while accidents secondary to frequent playing are the main reason within the following nine years, and violence is the most common etiology until the age of 25 years old. Previous studies have estimated that traumas from falls, sporting activities, bicycling, traffic accidents, and violence were the most common causes of dental injuries in children. Iatrogenic causes also contribute to 0.04-12% of dental injuries, including avulsions. According to the current evidence, whether to use reimplantation or not is still controversial and further investigations are needed. Among the various case reports, damage to the permanent successors, root resorption, clot formation, and pulp necrosis were documented as potential complications and adverse events with intended reimplantation. However, many techniques were reported to overcome these problems. Besides, favorable outcomes following reimplantation could be hypothetically obtained as sound articulation, proper mastication, and proper dentition. Therefore, this encourages reimplantation, however, further evidence is still needed to validate the proposed advantages and disadvantages of the approach.
14
Sjamsudin, Endang, Harmas Yazid Y, Abel Tasman, and Winarno Priyanto. "Emergency Treatment of Soft Tissue and Dentoalveolar Fractures using Risdon Wiring in Children due to Motorcycle Accident : Case Report." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v7i1.2663.
Анотація:
Introduction: Dentoalveolar fractures are often found in children due to physical trauma, falls, and motorized accidents. In pediatric patients, there are variations in age, jaw development, and dentition which are the primary considerations in choosing a dentoalveolar fracture treatment method. This case report aims to describe and discuss the emergency management of soft tissue injuries and mandibular dentoalveolar fractures with Risdon wiring in pediatric patients due to motorized accidents. Case report: A 9-year-old female patient complained of bleeding from the mouth due to a traffic accident. Clinical and radiographic examination showed dentoalveolar segment fractures in tooth region 32-42, stab wounds, and lacerations on the inferior lip, vestibule, and gingiva in tooth region 32-42. The patient underwent wound cleaning, wound suturing, and treatment of dentoalveolar fractures with fixation using Risdon wiring in the mandibular region 36-46. Conclusion: Conservative treatment of dentoalveolar fractures in pediatric patients with minimal intervention can give good results. Risdon wiring as a fixation method can be used in the emergency treatment of dentoalveolar fractures in pediatric patients with mixed dentition. Keywords: Soft tissue trauma, dentoalveolar fracture, Risdon wiring, emergency
15
Scartezini, Guilherme Romano, Orlando Aguirre Guedes, Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar, Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo Estrela, and Carlos Estrela. "Maxillofacial trauma in a public hospital in Central Brazil: A retrospective study of 405 patients." Revista Odonto Ciência 31, no. 4 (August 3, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.4.21918.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of maxillofacial injuries in hospitalized patients.METHODS: The sample was composed of 405 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Emergency Hospital of Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil, between 2011 and 2013. The following informations were collected from the patients’ medical records: gender, age, cause of injury, seasonal distribution and type of injury. The statistical treatment analyzed data from frequency distribution and chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses.RESULTS: A higher occurrence of maxillofacial injuries was observed in males (72.59%) and with 21-30 years old (26.17%). The main etiologic factors involved were vehicle traffic accidents (30.62%), falls (22.72%) and violence (21.48%). The seasonal distribution showed that most cases occurred in autumn (38.02%), followed by summer (34.07%). The most common injuries were facial fractures (80%), with the nasal bones being the most affected anatomical region (39.75%). Statistically significant associations between etiological factor, gender and age (p<0.005) were observed.CONCLUSION: There was a high number of maxillofacial injuries in males aged less than 30 years old due to vehicle traffic accidents.
16
Hemmo-Lotem, Michal, Claudia Jinich-Aronowitz, Liri Endy-Findling, Michal Molcho, Michal Klein, Yehezkel Waisman, Yehuda L. Danon, and Joav Merrick. "Child Injury in Israel: Emergency Room Visits to a Children's Medical Center." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.32.
Анотація:
The object of this study was to provide data for policy making and prevention program planning in Israel. The study examined all visits to the Department of Emergency Medicine at the Schneider Children's Medical Center in 1996 (41,279 visits in total). Approximately 22.6% of the emergency room patients were admitted following injury. Most (97%) were unintentional injury. Approximately 42% of the patients were less than 4 years old and about 20% were 2 years old. In all age groups, the rate of boys was double. Approximately 92% were Jews. Despite this low rate of non-Jewish patients, however, they constituted 20% of later hospitalizations. The main injuries recorded were bruises and wounds from blunt objects, falls, motor vehicle–related accidents, and sport injuries. The most commonly injured body parts were the head and upper and lower limbs. In 82%, medical treatment was reported and 7% were hospitalized. In examining injuries over the year, there were no significant differences between the different months, but there were clusters of injuries around various holidays—bicycle and skateboard accidents at Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Succoth; pedestrian accidents around Lag BaOmer; burns on Purim, Hannukkah, and Passover; and accidental poisoning around Passover. The findings gave an indication of the nature of the injured population groups. These data could be useful for prevention strategy, both on the level of physical injury as well as on the level of the times of the year, when the risk was higher. The data collected very strongly raise the urgent need for establishing a national surveillance system, which would allow tracking injury-related data with respect to young people throughout the country.
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Adri Nurrahim, Muhammad, Endang Sjamsudin, and Asri Arumsari. "PREVALENCE OF MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA WITH FRONTAL FRACTURE AT HASAN SADIKIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANDUNG." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 7, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v7i2.2668.
Анотація:
Patients with maxillofacial fractures have a high risk of accompanying head injury because of the close anatomical location of facial bones and cranium. Forces striking the face are transmitted directly to the neurocranium, resulting in more severe brain injury. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of patients with maxillofacial fractures with frontal fractures at RSHS Bandung in 2020. Methods: Descriptive study of medical records of maxillofacial trauma patients with frontal fractures at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, January-December 2020. The data collected included gender, age, aetiology and location of the fracture. Results: The majority gender was 79.8% male, while the female was only 20.2%. The age range is 17-25 years old (36%). Most fracture locations were maxillofacial trauma without frontal fracture (92.2%), compared to maxillofacial fracture with frontal fracture as much as 10%. The most common trauma etiology was Traffic accidents (81.3%), followed by falls as much as 17.8%, and physical violence 0.7%. Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma with frontal fracture has relatively few incidences, and the primary aetiology is Traffic accidents in young adults.
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Skiredj, Aiat Allah, Fadoua Boughaleb, Loubna Aqqaoui, Toualouth Lafia, Assia Mouad, Mounir Erraji, Erraji Fouad Ettayebi, and Houda Oubejja. "Epidemiological profile of unintentional accidents in children over a period of 4 years." E3S Web of Conferences 319 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131901007.
Анотація:
Background: Unintentional injuries are one of the most important public health problems among children in developed and some developing countries. Aim: Our purpose is to determine the prevalence of everyday life unintentional injuries among children admitted for at least 24 hours in the pediatric surgical emergencies (PSE) department, Children’s hospital of Rabat, Morocco. Methods: A cross-sectional study of unintentional injuries in children was undertaken over 4 years (2016- 2019) in the pediatric surgical emergencies (PSE) department, Children’s hospital of Rabat, Morocco. The data were analysed by statistical software Jamovi 1.6.23. Drownings and foreign bodies were excluded. Results: 1204 patients were screened, of which 545 files were studied. The median age was 8 years[4;12] with 36,5% were less than 6 years old, 70,4% were boys. The most injuries occurred mostly during winters and summers (41,6 vs 33,8%). The medical insurance plan was provided by compulsory medical insurance (AMO) and RAMED (Medical Assistance Scheme) (30,4% and 46.5% respectively). The main circumstances were accidents of everyday life (52%) with predominance of falls. For the public road accident, pedestrians were predominant. Hospital stay did not exceed 24 hours (73%) mainly in the surgical emergency department.
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Casey, Martin, Joshua Niznik, Greta Anton, Michelle Meyer, Casey Kelley, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Kathleen Davenport, and Ellen Roberts. "BURDEN OF FALL-RISK INCREASING DRUGS IN OLDER ADULTS PRESENTING WITH FALLS TO THE EMERGENCY ROOM." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3099.
Анотація:
Abstract Prescribing of fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs) may be an important driver of falls in older adults. Understanding the types and frequencies of FRIDs prescribed to older adults presenting with falls to an emergency department (ED) may help identify opportunities for deprescribing. We performed a cross sectional analysis of data collected from a pharmacist-led fall-prevention program focused on older adults presenting with a fall to an academic ED in the southeastern United States between August 2020 – December 2021. ED pharmacists identified older adults (≥65 years old) presenting with a chief complaint of ‘fall’ and then performed a medication reconciliations to verify and obtain data on outpatient prescription drug use. FRIDs were identified in accord with the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries (STEADI-Rx) list. The ED pharmacists performed medication reconciliations on 424 unique older adults presenting with a fall. The cohort had a mean age of 81.3 years and were mostly female (63.3%) and white (84.9%). Prescription use of FRIDs were identified in 45.8% (194/424) of older adults presenting with a fall. An estimated 25.5% (108/424) of the subjects were prescribed 2 or more FRIDs. The most common FRIDs identified were antidepressants (25.9%), anticonvulsants (18.6%), opioids (12.7%), benzodiazepines (8.5%), and antipyschotics (3.1%). . Prescription use of FRIDs, including use of 2 or more FRIDs, was common in older adults presenting with a fall to the ED.
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Perng, Huey-Jen, Yu-Lung Chiu, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Senyeong Kao, and Wu-Chien Chien. "Fall and risk factors for veterans and non-veterans inpatients over the age of 65 years: 14 years of long-term data analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030650.
Анотація:
IntroductionFalls are one of the most important causes of injuries and accidental deaths among this segment of over the age of 65 years.The long-term follow-up study of fall-related injuries was conducted in elderly veterans over the age of 65 years, and the risk of falls in veterans and non-veterans was compared.MethodsThis study used the National Health Insurance Research Database for the period from 2000 to 2013 in Taiwan. This longitudinal study tracked falls in veterans over the age of 65 years, designated a control group (non-veterans), using 1:2 pairing on the basis of sex and time receiving medical care, and used Cox regression to analyse and compare the risk of falls among veterans and non-veterans.ResultsThis study subjects consisted of 35 454 of the veterans had suffered falls (9.5%), as had 55 037 of the non-veterans (7.4%). After controlling for factors such as comorbidities/complications, the veterans had 1.252 times the risk of falls of the non-veterans. Furthermore, among persons in the 75–84 years old age group, veterans had 1.313 times the risk of falls of non-veterans, and among persons with mental illnesses and diseases of the eyes, veterans had 1.300 and 1.362 times the risk of falls of non-veterans. In addition, each veteran had an average of 4.07 falls during the 2000–2013 period, which was significantly higher than in the case of non-veterans (3.88 falls).ConclusionsVeterans’ risk of falls and recurrent falls were both higher than those of non-veterans, and age level, comorbidities/complications and level of low urbanisation were all important factors affecting veterans’ falls. The responsible authorities should, therefore, use appropriate protective measures to reduce the risk of falls and medical expenses in high-risk groups.
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Kimura, Toshiya, Makoto Miura, Kumiko Gyo, Koichiro Yamada, Keigo Honda, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Yuki Tanigami, Mai Nakahira, and Hiroki Ikeda. "In-Hospital Falls at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology." International Journal of Practical Otolaryngology 01, no. 01 (July 2018): e16-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675405.
Анотація:
AbstractA fall accident is an event that is associated with many disadvantages. In our hospital, 5,259 fall cases have been reported over the past 7 years according to our incident reports, and account for 16.5% of all incident reports. We conducted a detailed examination of 120 of these fall cases at the Department of Otolaryngology. Most of all, “before and after excretion” is a common fall-outbreak-motive reason for falls in all departments. In the field of otolaryngology, “use of drugs” and “walking disorder” are frequently encountered reasons for a fall. Calculation of age-specific fall rates revealed two peaks: around 0 years old and after 80 years old. It is suggested that a fall is associated with a reduced ability for maintaining the standing position. A correlation has been reported between the fall rate and the average length of hospitalization. Both the length of hospitalization of 12.3 days and fall rate of 1.97 among the cases seen at the Department of Otolaryngology are lower than all courses that are in other fields, on average. In the patients seen at the Department of Otolaryngology, the fall rate rises significantly as the length of hospitalization increases. In the Department of Otolaryngology, the fall rate of the malignancy group is high (2.91), irrespective of the treatment regimens. Each of the three items—“14 hospitalization days or more,” “65 years old or older,” and “malignancy”—contributes to falls in patients seen at the Department of Otolaryngology, and multivariate analysis revealed a particularly strong contribution of the previous two items. In elderly patients with expected long-term hospitalization, it is necessary to proactively attempt risk reduction; we first make all patients aware of the risk of long-term hospitalization at the first examination, and divide length of stay into multiple times. We review the assessment score after reexamining the “disease severity” and “performance status” as risk factors for falls, and want to realize more efficient measures for preventing falls in the future.
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Nordin, Nordiana, Linda Osman, Chiat Fong Liew, Nadiah Sa'at, Siti Mallissa Mohd Shariff, and Hasliza Asmungin. "98 Falls among Hospitalized Patients in Hospital Sungai Buloh." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (December 2019): iv18—iv27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.98.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction There is very minimal data documented on inpatient falls and characteristics in Malaysia. In 2017, Falls Incident Report Form (HSB-MED-FORM-017 Pin.1/18) is made mandatory to be filled up in Hospital Sungai Buloh (HSB), following each incident of falls in order to get a better and concrete data on the characteristic of falls. Objectives To capture data on incidence of inpatient falls in HSB in the year 2018. Method This is a prospective, observational study of all in-patient falls in the 783 bedded hospitals in the year 2018. Data were collected, documented and subsequently analyzed via SPSS Ver 23. Result The falls rate is 0.89 per 1000 bed days. There are a total of 123 fallers (including Paediatrics). 37/113 (33%) were above 65 years old, and 82 were males. 43 (38%) fell on night shift. 84 (74%) fell in the 4 bedded area. 60% of the fallers were in the high risk group of Morse fall score (MFS), of which 49/71(69%) fell at bedside (p<0.007). 25/64 (39%) with high MFS fell despite bed railing was up (p<0.05). There was no association between age group and location of falls. 32/33 (97%) of those attempting to get out of bed, also fell at bedside (p<0.001). Majority fallers [31(27.2%)] were on anti-hypertensives. 23.9% were on 2 or more high risk falls drugs. There was no association between medications with age or MFS. 59/113 (52.2%) had no injuries, 18% sustained lacerations. 1 case sustained an intracranial bleed and succumbed. Conclusion Accidental fall is a common problem in adults. In this study, the majority of fallers are in the younger age group. We confirmed a higher incidence of falls in those classified in the high risk category. These possibly explains the correct usage of MFS in all admissions, hence an effective falls prevention and education programme.
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Fhon, Jack Roberto Silva, Suzele Cristina Coelho Fabrício-Wehbe, Thais Ramos Pereira Vendruscolo, Renata Stackfleth, Sueli Marques, and Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues. "Accidental falls in the elderly and their relation with functional capacity." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 5 (October 2012): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000500015.
Анотація:
AIM: This study aimed to determinate the prevalence of falls in the elderly and its relationship with the functional capacity. METHOD: This is an epidemiological and cross-sectional study; a two-stage cluster sample of 240 male and female subjects aged over 60 years was used. Data were collected from November 2010 to February 2011. The following questionnaires were used: socio-demographic profile, assessment of falls, Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale. Significance was set at 0.05. To identify the occurrence of falls and their relation with functional capacity, the prevalence ratio and prevalence odds ratios were used, as well as multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Average age was 73.5 years (±8.4); 25% 80 years or more, with preponderance of female gender; 48.8% attended school between 1-4 years. The average was 1.33 falls (±0.472), with prevalence in women and elderly between 60 and 79 years old; the most frequently sites were the backyard and bathroom. Strong correlation between the level of functional independence and instrumental activities and age was found, but no relation between elderly victims of falls and the gender and age variables. CONCLUSION: Women who suffered falls related to functional independence were predominant, which can be prevented through elderly health promotion strategies, a policy that serves to offer living conditions to people in the aging process.
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Howard, Matthew A., Alan S. Gross, Ralph G. Dacey, and H. Richard Winn. "Acute subdural hematomas: an age-dependent clinical entity." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 6 (December 1989): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.6.0858.
Анотація:
✓ Reports prior to 1980 describe overall mortality rates for acute subdural hematomas (SDH's) ranging from 40% to 90% with poor outcomes observed in all age groups. Recently, improved results have been reported with rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment. A relatively large number of older patients (34 patients over 65 years old) were treated recently at Harborview Medical Center, enabling a retrospective comparison with similarly treated younger patients (33 patients aged 18 to 40 years). Clinical information and computerized tomography morphometric data were obtained. Patients in the younger group were most often injured in motor-vehicle accidents (15 cases), whereas falls were most frequent in the older group (19 cases). Patients in both groups were rapidly resuscitated in the field; more than 30% were treated within 1 hour after the time of injury. Injury severity, determined by the admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, was similar for the two groups. Mean acute SDH volume was significantly larger in the older patients than in the younger group (mean ± standard deviation: 96.2 ± 117.2 vs. 21.6 + 27.7 cu cm), as was the amount of midline shift (1.2 ± 1.69 vs. 0.6 ± 0.75 cm). Surgical treatments were similar, but outcomes were dramatically different for the younger and older patients. Mortality rates were more than four times higher in older patients than in younger ones (74% vs. 18%). Three older patients and 25 younger patients were functional survivors. Old age, a larger SDH volume, and a larger midline shift all correlated with a poor outcome. The results of this study suggest that the pathophysiology of acute SDH varies with age, and that currently employed resuscitation and treatment methods have differentially improved the outcome for younger patients.
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Oliveira Friestino, Jane Kelly, and Denise Cuoghi de Carvalho Veríssimo Freitas. "OFICINAS SOBRE QUEDAS E ACIDENTES DOMÉSTICOS GERAIS EM PESSOAS IDOSAS NO PROGRAMA UniversIDADE." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA 7, no. 2 (August 23, 2016): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36661/2358-0399.2016v7i2.3088.
Анотація:
O envelhecimento é um processo normal do desenvolvimento do ser humano, caracterizado por mudanças fisiológicas (senescência) ou patológicas (senilidade). Com o avançar da idade, as comorbidades podem estar presentes no idoso. O desempenho das atividades de vida diária fica prejudicado e, devido a alterações sensório-motoras, cognitivas e psicossociais, aumenta a vulnerabilidade para a ocorrência de quedas e acidentes domésticos, comprometendo a capacidade funcional e podendo levar à morte. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o relato de experiência do oferecimento de oficinas intituladas: “Acidentes domésticos com pessoa idosa: prevenção e ação” a um grupo de idosos participantes de um programa específico para essa faixa etária. As oficinas foram ofertadas como parte do Programa de Extensão Universitária–UniversIDADE de uma Universidade pública do interior de São Paulo. Os encontros da oficina foram realizados entre maio e agosto de 2015, com duração de uma hora cada encontro, totalizando sete encontros. Uma enfermeira e uma fisioterapeuta foram mediadoras voluntárias. Os temas abordados foram: quedas, alterações sensoriais, estratégias de prevenção e ação em acidentes domésticos, queimaduras e hemorragias. Quanto aos resultados das oficinas destacaram-se a participação ativa dos idosos nas discussões dos temas abordados e a relevância dos mesmos para a prevenção dos acidentes domésticos e da ocorrência de queda. Considerou-se importante a atuação dos idosos como agentes multiplicadores das informações adquiridas nas atividades, com extensão aos seus familiares, a outros idosos de seu convívio e para sua própria qualidade de vida.
Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Relações Comunidade-Instituição, Acidentes domésticos, Prevenção, Saúde do Idoso.
Workshops on falls and general domestic accidents in elderly people in the UniversIDADE Program
Abstract: Aging is a natural process of human development characterized by normal physiological (senescence) or pathological (senility) changes. As old age advances comorbidities may impact the individual. The performance of daily activities might be compromised by sensory-motor, cognitive and psychosocial impairments, and as a result, the likelihood of falls and domestic accidents is increased, compromising the functional capability and ultimately being fatal. This paper aims at providing an account of the experiences of the workshop entitled: "Domestic accidents involving the elderly: prevention and action" for a group of elderly in a university program targeting this specific age group. The workshops were offered as part of the "UniversIDADE", an Extension Program of a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil. The meetings were coordinated by two volunteers, a nurse and a physiotherapist. The topics addressed in the workshops were falls, sensory changes, prevention strategies, action to be taken in case of domestic accidents, burns and hemorrhages. The meetings highlighted the active participation of the elderly in the discussions of the topics approached in the workshop and their relevance for preventing domestic accidents. Furthermore, the role of older people as multipliers of information acquired in activities with extension to their families was emphasized to other seniors close to them and as an important aspect to improve their own life quality.
Key-words: University Extension, Community-Institutional Relations, Domestic Accidents, Prevention, Elderly Health.
Talleres sobre caídas y accidentes domésticos generales en ancianos del Programa UniversIDADE
Resumen: El envejecimiento es un proceso natural del desarrollo humano, caracterizado por cambios fisiológicos normales (senescencia) o patológicos (senilidad). Con la edad avanzada las comorbilidades pueden estar presentes en la vida de los ancianos. El rendimiento de las actividades diarias es perjudicado y, a causa de cambios en la capacidad sensorial-motora, cognitivos y psicosociales, los ancianos están más vulnerables a caídas y accidentes domésticos, lo que puede comprometer su salud y llevar a la muerte. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un informe de la experiencia de los talleres titulados: "Los accidentes domésticos con ancianos: la prevención y la acción". Los talleres fueron ofrecidos por el Programa de Extensión Universitaria “UniversIDADE” de una universidad pública de São Paulo, Brasil. Con un total de siete encuentros, los talleres se llevaron a cabo entre mayo y agosto de 2015, con duración de una hora cada, dictados por dos mediadoras voluntarias; una enfermera y una fisioterapeuta. Los temas tratados en los talleres fueron: caídas, cambios sensoriales, las estrategias de prevención y acción en los accidentes domésticos, quemaduras y hemorragias. Como resultados de las reuniones, se destaca la participación activa de los ancianos en las discusiones de los temas tratados en cada actividad y la importancia de ellos como multiplicadores de la información adquirida en los talleres, con extensión a sus familias, a otras personas ancianas de su convivencia y a su propia calidad de vida.
Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Relaciones Comunidad-Institución, Accidentes Domésticos, Prevención, Salud del Anciano
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Ibrahim, Yousef, and Tosan Okoro. "Do Trampoline Injuries Result in More Hospital Intervention Compared to Other Mechanisms of Injury?" Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1079.
Анотація:
Background. A significant proportion of emergency department (ED) presentations are related to trampoline injuries. The aims of this study were to assess whether presentations to the ED as a result of a trampoline injury have an increased incidence of requiring intervention as opposed to other mechanisms of injury in children under 9 years old. Materials and methods. Retrospective observational assessment of ED presentations of children under 9 years old recorded in the European Injuries Database (EU IDB) in 2014. Results. Of a total of 28135 ED presentations, 4.4% (n=1257) were as a direct result of trampoline injuries. 38.6% (n=486) of these patients required further intervention (inpatient treatment/outpatient treatment/transfer to another facility) compared to other injury mechanisms such as sport (43.8%; 992/2263), falls from a height (28.3%; 5756/20363), park injuries (42.5%; 641/1507) and road traffic accidents (RTAs) (40.9%; 1124/2745). There was no statistically significant difference between trampoline injuries (38.6%) and road traffic accidents (40.9%), in terms of requiring further intervention (Fisher’s exact test p=0.18). Conclusion. Injuries from trampolines, although a small proportion of all injuries recorded, have a similar incidence of requiring intervention when compared to other, major, modes of injury such as RTAs in this age group – this information has implications for current public health policy and parental approval of this activity.
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Munivenkatappa, Ashok, Vineet Kumar, Prashant Bhandarkar, Nobhojit Roy, Jyoti Kamble, and Amit Agrawal. "Neurotrauma in Old Aged: A Study from India." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 06, no. 01 (February 10, 2017): 004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598092.
Анотація:
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in all the age groups. In India with increased life expectancy and more active old-aged population, basic details of neurotrauma in old aged are limited. The aim of the present study is to determine injury pattern and factors influencing outcome of the neurotrauma in old-aged patients, and also to contribute to national trauma data. Methods The study is based on prospective observational registry Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) database collected from four Indian government hospitals during October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. Data of neurotrauma patients aged 60 years or older were considered for analysis. SPSS version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data with significance level of p < 0.05. Results Old-aged patients contributed for 1,629 (10.2%) of total neurotrauma data. Men were 2.4 times higher than women, but mortality was almost same in both the sexes. Approximately 860 (53%) of injuries were due to falls and 490 (30%) due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Approximately 708 (44%) of subjects patients had moderate to severe brain injuries. Approximately 1,136 (70%) of patients required CT scan and 435 (27%) of patients underwent brain surgery. Approximately 588 (36%) of patients expired during study period. There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between mortality of old-aged and productive age group (19–59 years). The deaths between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.0001) among sex, injury cause, severity, requirement of CT scan, and surgery. Conclusion Our study highlights that geriatric TBI is a significant phenomenon and reflects our national data. Possible risk factors associated with deaths are identified in our population. More research is needed to develop specific management and preventive protocols.
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Trefan, L., R. Houston, G. Pearson, R. Edwards, P. Hyde, I. Maconochie, RC Parslow, and A. Kemp. "Epidemiology of children with head injury: a national overview." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 6 (March 14, 2016): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308424.
Анотація:
BackgroundThe National Confidential Enquiry describes the epidemiology of children admitted to hospital with head injury.MethodChildren (<15 years old) who died or were admitted for >4 h with head injury were identified from 216 UK hospitals (1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010). Data were collected using standard proformas and entered on to a database. A descriptive analysis of the causal mechanisms, child demographics, neurological impairment, CT findings, and outcome at 72 h are provided.ResultsDetails of 5700 children, median age 4 years (range 0–14.9 years), were analysed; 1093 (19.2%) were <1 year old, 3500 (61.4%) were boys. There was a significant association of head injury with social deprivation 39.7/100 000 (95% CI 37.0 to 42.6) in the least deprived first quintile vs. 55.1 (95% CI 52.1 to 58.2) in the most deprived fifth quintile (p<0.01). Twenty-four children died (0.4%). Most children were admitted for one night or less; 4522 (79%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 or were Alert (on AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive)). The most common causes of head injury were falls (3537 (62.1%); children <5 years), sports-related incidents (783 (13.7%); median age 12.4 years), or motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) (401 (7.1%); primary-school-aged children). CT scans were performed in 1734 (30.4%) children; 536 (30.9%) were abnormal (skull fracture and/or intracranial injury or abnormality): 269 (7.6%) were falls, 82 (10.5%) sports related and 100 (25%). A total of 357 (6.2%) children were referred to social care because of child protection concerns (median age 9 months (range 0–14.9 years)).ConclusionsThe data described highlight priorities for targeted age-specific head injury prevention and have the potential to provide a baseline to evaluate the effects of regional trauma networks (2012) and National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) head injury guidelines (2014), which were revised after the study was completed.
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Al Beiruti, N., W. Marcenes, D. Tayfour, and S. Issa. "Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanant incisors of 9-12-years-old school children in Damascus, Syria." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2001): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1-2.291.
Анотація:
This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess epidemiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of Syrian children. It included 1087 children aged 9 to 12 years, of both sexes, randomly selected from public and private primary schools in Damascus. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors rose from 5.2% at the age of 9 years to 11.7% at the age of 12 years [P = 0.007]. The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was not statistically significant [P > 0.05]. The majority [59.8%] of children who had experienced injuries to the permanent incisors reported that they were not taken to the dentist for evaluation or treatment of the damage. Among those children who had experienced traumatic injuries to the teeth 93.1% presented with untreated damage. Because some injuries were minor, such as small enamel fractures, the proportion of children who needed treatment was 63.2%. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5 mm to have experienced dental injuries [P = 0.06]. Children with inadequate lip covcmgc were more likely to have experienced dental injuries than those with adequate lip coverage [P = 0.000]. The most common reported cause of iniuries to the permanent incisors was violence [42.5%], followed by traffic accidents [24.1%] collisions with people or inanimate objects [16.0%] and falls [9.1%]. In conclusion, traumatic dental injury may pose a serious dental public health problem.
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Groves, James E., Philip W. Lavori, and Jerrold F. Rosenbaum. "Accidental Injuries of Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 9, no. 1 (1993): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230000310x.
Анотація:
AbstractEight hundred and six medical and surgical patients who were hospitalized via the emergency ward were followed over their entire inpatient stays and rated in anterograde, double-blind fashion for inpatient incidents (falls, medication errors, other). Injuries were minor but affected 2.2% of admissions, a figure which is strikingly similar to studies in other hospitals. There was a statistical trend toward a higher-than-normal risk of hazardous in-hospital incidents for males age 20 to 40 admitted because of injury and for medically ill females over 60 years old.
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Beheshti, Mohammad Hossein, Mojtaba Amkani, Amin Zamani, Akram Tabrizi, and Mostafa Jafari. "Investigating the Prevalence and Etiology of Accidents Recorded at Emergency Management Center of Gonabad City Using the Pareto Chart in 2018." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.27.1.3348.1.
Анотація:
Aims: Accidents are the leading causes of hospitalization and death. This study investigates the prevalence and causes of accidents recorded in Gonabad City emergency hospital service using the Pareto chart from 2016 to 2018. Methods & Materials: This descriptive and analytic study reviewed about 12281 emergencies recorded during 2016-2018, and the key variables such as the number of incidents, causes of incidents, age, gender, and time of incidents were collected for transport and non-transport incidents. Data analysis was performed using a Pareto chart in Minitab v. 16, SPSS v. 18, and EXCEL 2010. Findings: Based on the results, the highest rate of the incidents (542 cases) was related to falling and the lowest related to chemical and electrical burns with one case. Also, most complaints were related to accidents. In the present study, the rate of road accidents was higher than the street and urban accidents (8142 and 4208 cases, respectively). The most frequent accidents were related to motorcycles (748 cases) and then light vehicles (744 cases). The number of accidents that occurred in September and April is higher. Most male victims of accidents were between 16 and 20 years old. Conclusion: Since incidents related to the fall and clash with the mechanical force have the highest prevalence, it is necessary to allocate more financial and human resources to prevent such accidents. Because most admissions to emergency hospital services are related to accidents, and the rate of road accidents is high, it is essential to investigate the causes of accidents. Then, it is possible to raise public awareness to respect the safety regulations while driving and increasing the quality of roads.
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Kosola, S., P. Salminen, and T. Laine. "Heading for a Fall — Moped and Scooter Accidents from 2002 to 2007." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 98, no. 3 (September 2009): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145749690909800309.
Анотація:
Background and Aims: Mopeds and scooters have become increasingly popular among Finnish teenagers. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess incidence of and injury patterns associated with moped and scooter accidents in adolescents. Materials and Methods: All 222 patients treated for moped and scooter-related injuries at Helsinki Children's Hospital and Töölö Trauma Centre from January 2002 to December 2007 were included. Information was drawn from patient records and compared with nation-wide Finnish data gathered from public data-bases. Results: The annual number of patients at our centres increased from 14 to 76 and the proportion of girls increased from 7% to 25%. A similar trend was found on a national level. In our material, collisions between mopeds and other motorized vehicles accounted for 52% of accidents, and 33% of patients were injured from falling. Seventy-five percent of patients were hospitalized, and 50% needed at least one procedure requiring general anaesthesia. Five percent of the patients were under the influence of alcohol. Trauma of the head occurred in 22%; helmets did not protect against severe trauma. On a national level the proportion of 15- to 17-year-old road traffic victims has doubled in five years. Among this age group, more than half of all road-traffic accidents involve mopeds and scooters. Conclusions: Over a time span of six years, moped accidents among adolescents have become very common. Our results suggest that measures should be taken to diminish the number of moped and scooter accidents and to improve driver safety.
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AlSahlawi, Aysha, Gillian Morantz, Caroline Lacroix, Christine Saint-Martin, and Roy W. R. Dudley. "Bilateral Parietal Skull Fractures in Infants Attributable to Accidental Falls." Pediatric Neurosurgery 56, no. 5 (2021): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516972.
Анотація:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Multiple skull fractures, including bilateral parietal skull fractures (BPSFs) in infants are considered to be suspicious for abusive head trauma (AHT). The aim of this report is to describe a series of BPSF cases in infants which occurred due to accidental falls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched our neuroradiology database for BPSF in infants (<1 year old) diagnosed between 2006 and 2019; we reviewed initial presentation, mechanisms of injury, clinical course, head imaging, skeletal survey X-rays, ophthalmology, social work and child abuse physicians (CAP) assessments, and long-term follow-up. “Confirmed accidental BPSF” were strictly defined as having negative skeletal survey and ophthalmology evaluation and a CAP conclusion of accidental injury. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twelve cases of BPSF were found; 3 were confirmed to be accidental, with a mean age at presentation of 3 months. Two infants had single-impact falls, and 1 had a compression injury; all 3 had small intracranial hemorrhages. None had bruises or other injuries, and all remained clinically well. A literature search found 10 similar cases and further biomechanical evidence that these fractures can occur from accidental falls. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> While AHT should be kept in the differential diagnosis whenever BPSFs are seen, these injuries can occur as a result of accidental falls.
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Schoenbeck, Kelly L., Tanya M. Wildes, and Mark A. Fiala. "Analysis of Falls in Older Adults with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing First-Line Therapy." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129611.
Анотація:
Background: Patients with multiple myeloma are frequently treated with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, which is associated with treatment-related peripheral neuropathy. Older adults are at increased risk of falls compared to the general population, often leading to associated morbidity and mortality. While an association between peripheral neuropathy and falls in older adults is well-established, the relationship between bortezomib and falls in older multiple myeloma patients is unknown. Our primary aim was to determine if older patients with multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib as first-line therapy had an increased incidence of falls within the first 12 months after starting treatment. Our secondary aim was to assess the overall survival of patients who fell compared to those who did not among patients who lived more than 12 months after initiating treatment. Methods: We analyzed the SEER-Medicare database for all patients 65 years old or older diagnosed with multiple myeloma between 2007 and 2013 and were enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare part A, B and D plans. The patients' corresponding Medicare claims data were analyzed through 2014 for myeloma treatments, fall claims, and covariates of interest. The primary outcome was accidental falls (E880-E888) occurring between 14 days to 12 months after starting multiple myeloma treatment. First-line therapy was defined as any anti-myeloma treatment administered within 14 days of starting multiple myeloma treatment, with bortezomib treatment being the focal independent variable. Cox regression was performed to determine the relative risk of having a fall after controlling for other covariates. Patients who started bortezomib after first-line therapy were censored at time of bortezomib commencement. The survival analysis included only patients who survived more than 12 months of starting treatment to allow landmark analysis of falls in the first year. Results: Of 4,084 older adults with new multiple myeloma diagnoses undergoing first-line therapy, the median age was 75 (range 65-97) with 51% males. Bortezomib was used in first-line therapy for 2,052 (50%) patients, of which 157 (8%) patients experienced a fall within 12 months after starting treatment compared to 102 (5%) of patients not receiving bortezomib (p < 0.001). Bortezomib was associated with a 28% increase risk of falls (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00-1.65; p = 0.047). In multivariate analysis, bortezomib was not associated with an increased incidence of falls after controlling for age, gender, race, proxies for Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and poor performance status, pre-existing peripheral neuropathy, falls within the 12 months prior to starting first-line myeloma treatment, depression, polypharmacy, and first-line treatment with lenalidomide (Table 1). Advancing age, history of fall(s), depression, and polypharmacy (defined as more than 10 unique prescription medications at initiation of first-line treatment), were all associated with an increased risk of falls, consistent with prior literature. In a landmark analysis of those who survived 12 months following the start of treatment, a fall was associated with a 26% increased risk of hazard for death (aHR 1.26; 95% CI 1.02-1.56; p = 0.033) after controlling for other covariates. The median OS of those with a fall was 35.7 months (95% CI 29.1-48.4) compared to 49.1 months (95% CI 47.1-52.8) for those without (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In older adults with multiple myeloma, treatment with bortezomib was not associated with increased risk of a patient having a diagnostic code for falls. However, experiencing a fall within the year after starting treatment was associated with decreased overall survival. Limitations of the study include that the incidence of falls is likely underestimated in billing data, given prior data from our group showing a rate of self-reported falls of 26% in the year after diagnosis. Additional research, including prospective trials involving fall assessments, should be considered in older patients with multiple myeloma. Disclosures Wildes: Janssen: Research Funding; Carevive: Consultancy. Fiala:Incyte: Research Funding.
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Tong, Wing Yee, Sek Wan Tan, and Shu-Ling Chong. "Epidemiology and risk stratification of minor head injuries in school-going children." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020274.
Анотація:
Introduction: Head injuries occur commonly in children and can lead to concussion injuries. We aim to describe the epidemiology of head injuries among school-going children and identify predictors of brain concussions in Singapore. Methods: This is a retrospective study of children 7–16 years old who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Singapore with minor head injury between June 2017 and August 2018. Data including demographics, clinical presentation, ED and hospital management were collected using a standardised electronic template. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify early predictors for brain concussion. Concussion symptoms were defined as persistent symptoms after admission, need for inpatient intervention, or physician concerns necessitating neuroimaging. Results: Among 1,233 children (mean age, 6.6 years; 72.6% boys) analysed, the commonest mechanism was falls (64.6%). Headache and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms. A total of 395 (32.0%) patients required admission, and 277 (22.5%) had symptoms of concussion. Older age (13–16 years old) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.08), children involved in road traffic accidents (aOR 2.12, CI 1.17–3.85) and a presenting complaint of headache (aOR 2.64, CI 1.99–3.50) were significantly associated with symptoms of concussion. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed description of the pattern of head injuries among school-going children in Singapore. High risk patients may require closer monitoring to detect post-concussion syndrome early. Keywords: Brain injuries, child, concussions, school, sport
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Tong, Wing Yee, Sek Wan Tan, and Shu-Ling Chong. "Epidemiology and risk stratification of minor head injuries in school-going children." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020247.
Анотація:
Introduction: Head injuries occur commonly in children and can lead to concussion injuries. We aim to describe the epidemiology of head injuries among school-going children and identify predictors of brain concussions in Singapore. Methods: This is a retrospective study of children 7–16 years old who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Singapore with minor head injury between June 2017 and August 2018. Data including demographics, clinical presentation, ED and hospital management were collected using a standardised electronic template. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify early predictors for brain concussion. Concussion symptoms were defined as persistent symptoms after admission, need for inpatient intervention, or physician concerns necessitating neuroimaging. Results: Among 1,233 children (mean age, 6.6 years; 72.6% boys) analysed, the commonest mechanism was falls (64.6%). Headache and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms. A total of 395 (32.0%) patients required admission, and 277 (22.5%) had symptoms of concussion. Older age (13–16 years old) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.08), children involved in road traffic accidents (aOR 2.12, CI 1.17–3.85) and a presenting complaint of headache (aOR 2.64, CI 1.99–3.50) were significantly associated with symptoms of concussion. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed description of the pattern of head injuries among school-going children in Singapore. High risk patients may require closer monitoring to detect post-concussion syndrome early. Keywords: Brain injuries, child, concussions, school, sport
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Pederielli, Sara, Cristina Mirelli, Federico Pozzi, Aldo Bruno Giannì, and Roberto Biagi. "Dental Trauma at a University Dental Clinic in Milan including the SARS-CoV-2 Period." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9120145.
Анотація:
The aim of this study i.e., is to present the distribution of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in 306 patients registered at the Unit of Dental Emergencies at a University Dental Clinic in Milan, Italy, between June 2019 and May 2021. This time frame includes the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Information regarding age, gender, number and type of injured teeth, type of traumatic injury, and data on where or how the injury happened were recorded. Seventy-nine percent of patients can be classified as pediatric (under 14 years old), and in all age groups, male patients were found to be more susceptible (1.6:1). A total of 480 teeth were involved, 59% of which were deciduous, and 41% permanent. The most affected teeth in both dentitions were upper central incisors. In deciduous teeth, periodontal lesions were more common, whereas in permanent dentitions, dental fractures were diagnosed more often. Most data found in this study confirms the results found in the literature. The biggest difference, due to changes in daily routine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, can be found by analyzing the incidence and etiology. As a matter of fact, there was a decrease in school accidents, whereas domestic falls remained constant.
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K, Rahman, M., Dutta, N. K, and Dash, K. P. "Outcome of Comminuted Femoral Shaft Fractures by Locking Plate-A Hospital Based Study." Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i12.006.
Анотація:
Introduction: Maximum number of fractures often result from high-energy wounds like car accidents in young and mainly often from falls in elderly populations. Locking plates are fracture fixation expedients with threaded screw holes, in which screws allow to strand to the plate and work as a fixed-angle convenience. The study aims to investigate the outcome of locking compression plates in comminuted femoral diaphyseal fractures. Methods: An experimental clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2010 to June 2012. A total number of 9 patients (N=9) following purposive sampling were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0.0. Result: Among the study population (N=9), most of the patients (3,33.3%) were between 20-29 years old, and two patients (2, 22.2) were 60 to69 years old with a mean age of 42.7 years old. Around two-thirds of the study population (6,66.7%) were male. The majority of the study population (6,66.7%) caused the injury due to a motor vehicle accident, one patient (1,11.1%) got injured due to falling from a height, four patients (4,44.4%) right side was involved & left side was involved in rest of the patients (5,55.6%), upper tibial skeletal traction treatment was done in six patients (6,66.7%) previously & kabiraji treatment was done in three patients (3,33.3%) respectively. Based on the outcome after six months, the result was excellent, good in four patients (4,44.4%) and fair in one patient (1,11.1%). Conclusion: Femoral shaft fractures are a common orthopaedic injury causing severe trauma in the ageing population. Femoral shaft fractures are often related to other co-morbidities necessitating life support valuation. Among the numerous treatment measures, locking plate and intramedullary nailing are suitable with outstanding ........
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Costa, Guilherme Henrique Ricardo da, João Victor Bohana e Silva, Pedro Araújo Petersen, Raphael Martus Marcon, and Alexandre Fogaça Cristante. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VERTEBRAL SPINE FRACTURES IN A HOSPITAL IN SÃO PAULO IN THE TWO-YEAR PERIOD 2017-2018." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 4 (December 2021): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212004250135.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with spinal fractures over a two-year period (2017 and 2018) in a quaternary hospital in the city of São Paulo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the analysis of the electronic medical records of patients treated by the Spine group of the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Emergency Room of Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo in the years 2017 and 2018. Results: A total of 185 patients were evaluated over two years. Males were the gender most frequently evaluated (69.19%), and the mean patient age was 43.95 years. The most common trauma mechanisms were falls from a height (45.95%) and traffic accidents (29.73%). The cervical spine, affected in 28.65%, was the most affected region, followed by the thoracolumbar region (26.56%). Most patients did not present deficits at the initial moment (71.89%) and 54.05% of patients underwent surgery for treatment. Conclusion: Most traumas involving the spine affect adults of working age (from 20 to 60 years old), with a predominance of males. Most injuries occurred in the cervical region, which is the region most commonly associated with severe trauma and neurological injuries. This study can help in planning prevention and precaution strategies for spinal trauma. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional study.
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Liyanage, Rumesh, Navaratne SB, Ranaweera KKDS, and Indira Wickramasinghe. "Social impact, Attitudes and Behavioural pattern of busy life styles Due to Micro-sleepiness." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss6.383.
Анотація:
Survey was carried out to identify human attitudes on micro-sleepiness and preventive measures with a view to develop a food product to combat micro-sleepiness. Statistical data pertaining to road accidents were collected from, Sri Lanka Police Traffic Division and were statistically analyzed to identify the social impact. Results revealed that peak level of road accidents is observed at 14.00 -20.00h (38.2%)[1] and intencity of micro-sleepiness falls at the same time period (37.36%) while14.00 to 16.00h is the peak time,16.00 to 18.00h is the least; again 18.00 to 20.00h it reappears slightly. Peak hours of micro-sleepiness occurs at 14.00- 20.00h and it was also validated by the statistics from Sri Lanka police during last ten years. Even though respondents of the survey expressed that peak hours of micro-sleepiness is 14.00-16.00h, according to police reports, peak hours fall in between 18.00-20.00h. Reason for this disparity is due to stressful condition of the drivers, traffic jams, mental stress, rushing to attend urgent matters and bad light. Out of the interviewees, 69.27% strongly wanted to avoide micro-sleepiness and intend to spend LKR 10-20 on a commercial product to combat micro-sleepiness. As age old practices to supress micro-sleepiness are time taken, modern day respondents (51.64%) like to have a quick solution through a drink. Moreover, 46.94% respondents proposed a product developed from plant based materials and 94.5% expressed formulation of a product is of nationally importance. Survey further disclosed that about, 76.84%, 96.39% and 80.93% taking heavy diets for their breakfirst, lunch and dinner respectively. Therefore, food habits of morning and noon may cause for micro-sleepiness while dinner may cause for both, natural and micro-sleepiness due to heavy glicemic load of food[2].According to the study micro-sleepiness can be catogorized in to three zones such as low-risk zone(08.00-10.00h and 18.00-20.00h), managable zone(10.00-12.00h), and high-risk zone(14.00-16.00h).
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Wu, Tai Yin, Wei Chu Chie, Rong Sen Yang, Jen Pei Liu, Kuan Liang Kuo, Wai Kuen Wong, and Chen Kun Liaw. "Factors Associated with Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Taiwan." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 42, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n7p320.
Анотація:
Introduction: Falls are common among older people. Previous studies have shown that falls were multifactorial. However, data regarding community-dwelling Chinese population are minimal. We aimed to study factors associated with falls among community-dwelling older Chinese people. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a community hospital in Taiwan in 2010. Our sample included 671 elders from the 3680 examinees of the free annual Senior Citizens Health Examination. Participants were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire, and 317 elders were further invited for serum vitamin D tests. The main outcome was falls in the previous 12 months. Predictor variables included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, body stature, frailty, serum 25 (OH) D levels, and medications. Results: The mean age of the 671 participants was 75.7 ± 6.4 years old, and 48.7% of which were female. Fallers comprised 21.0% of the study population. In multivariate models, female gender (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.32), loss of height in adulthood (aOR: 1.52), low body weight (aOR: 2.69), central obesity (aOR: 1.67), frailty (aOR: 1.56), polypharmacy (aOR: 2.18) and hyperglycaemia (aOR: 1.56) were factors associated with falls. Vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25 (OH) D levels <30 ng/mL) was not associated with falls (OR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.60) (n = 317) in this study. Conclusion: Among community-dwelling older people in Taiwan, falls were mainly associated with female gender, polypharmacy, frailty, reduced body height, low body weight or central obesity, and hyperglycaemia. In addition to other risk factors, body stature should be considered as a novel risk factor when screening elders at risk for falls. Key words: Accidental falls, Aged, Risk factors
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Rodrigues, Iara Guimarães, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, and Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros. "Falls among the elderly: risk factors in a population-based study." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, no. 3 (September 2014): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400030011.
Анотація:
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of falls among elderly adults in a population-based study (ISACamp 2008). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with two-stage cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 1,520 elderly adults living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The occurrence of falls was analyzed based on reports of the main accident occurred in the previous 12 months. Data on socioeconomic/demographic factors and adverse health conditions were tested for possible associations with the outcome. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated and adjusted for gender and age using the Poisson multiple regression analysis. Results: Falls were more frequent, after adjustment for gender and age, among female elderly participants (PR = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.47 - 3.87), elderly adults (80 years old and older) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.61 - 3.88), widowed (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.89) and among elderly adults who had rheumatism/arthritis/arthrosis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.48), osteoporosis (PR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.18 - 2.49), asthma/bronchitis/emphysema (PR = 1,73; 95%CI 1.09 - 2.74), headache (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.38), mental common disorder (PR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.12 - 2.64), dizziness (PR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.98 - 4.02), insomnia (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.16 - 2.65), use of multiple medications (five or more) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.12 - 5.56) and use of cane/walker (PR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.19 - 3,93). Conclusion: The present study shows segments of the elderly population who are more prone to falls through the identification of factors associated with this outcome. The findings can contribute to the planning of public health policies and programs addressed to the prevention of falls.
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Martini, Marcelo Zillo, André Takahashi, Humberto Gomes de Oliveira Neto, José Pereira de Carvalho Júnior, Ricardo Curcio, and Elio Hitoshi Shinohara. "Epidemiology of mandibular fractures treated in a Brazilian level I Trauma Public Hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 3 (2006): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000300013.
Анотація:
This article reviews cases of mandibular fractures treated at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Hospital Complex of Mandaqui (SUS/SP), which is a reference hospital complex for trauma in the northern area of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-eight patients with mandibular fractures were seen at the hospital between January and December, 2001. Out of this total, 91 cases whose files were deemed adequate in terms of data accuracy and completeness were reviewed. The following data were collected for the study: age, gender, etiology, anatomical fracture site, treatment modality, relation to other facial bone fractures, hospitalization time and posttrauma complications. Motorcycle accident was the major cause of mandibular fractures followed by physical aggression and height fall. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: body, symphysis and condyle. The most commonly performed treatment modes were conservative approach or open reduction and intraosseous fixation. In conclusion, motorcycle accidents were associated with a larger number of facial fractures and most predominantly affect 21-30 year-old males. On the average, motor vehicle accident victims had more (and more severe) fractures than physical aggression victims. Complications were mostly associated with angle fractures and hospitalization period. Polytraumatized patients presented greater morbidity for complications.
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Subedi, S., B. Shrestha, and RB Adhikari. "Pattern of Maxillofacial fracture in Western and Central Nepal: An experience in 3 tertiary level health institutions." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3.12771.
Анотація:
BACKGROUND: There are only few studies regarding the pattern and causes of maxillofacial fractures till date in Nepal and no such study in western and central Nepalese population has been conducted. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to describe the causes and the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in western and central part of Nepal over the period of 5 years.MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of maxillofacial fractures was conducted on 328 patients who were treated in the department of maxillofacial surgery. Data was extracted and analyzed based on age, sex, cause of injury and anatomic location.RESULT Young males of 3rd decade of life most commonly sustained the maxillofacial trauma. The commonest site involved was the zygomatic complex (42%) when only mid face fractures was considered and parasymphysis (32%) when only mandible was considered.The most common cause of injuries was road traffic accidents (289 patients; 88.1%) followed by interpersonal violence (25 patients; 7.6 %) and falls accounting for 4.2% of the all injuries. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest the need for expansion of the motorway network, ensuring compliance of strict traffic rules and regulations, replacing old vehicles without safety measures and implement school education in alcohol abuse.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 8-13
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Milenkovic, Sasa, Milan Mitkovic, Dragoslav Basic, Stojanka Arsic, Jovan Hadzi-Djokic, and Milorad Mitkovic. "Urinary tract in jury associated with pelvic fractures." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 61, no. 1 (2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1401009m.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic trauma associated with urinary tract injury is a severe trauma, mostly caused by traffic accidents and falls from heights. These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study there were analyzed patients with pelvic trauma and extraperitoneal injury of urinary tract, treated surgically at Clinic for Ortopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and Urology Clinic in Clinical Center Nis. Surgical intervention in these patients had been realized as the synchronized work of both orthopaedic and urologic surgeons. The pelvis was treated by external and internal fixation. Mitkovic type external fixator was used for pelvic external fixation. Plating was used for pelvic internal fixation. Pelvic fractures were classified using Tile?s classification system. The final functional results had been scored using Majeed score system. RESULTS: There were 42 patients with the injury of pelvic ring, treated at Clinic for Ortopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and at Urology Clinic, Clinical Center Nis, in the period of 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2013, 30 males and 12 females, with average age of 53.69 (19-84) years old. In 80% of cases pelvic fractures were caused by high energy trauma in traffic accidents. According to Tile?s classification, 9 patients (21,42%) had pelvic fracture type A, 23 patients (54,46%) had pelvic fracture type B and 10 patients (23,80%) had pelvic fracture type C. Urinary tract in- jury was diagnosed in 9 patients (21,42%): 5 patients (11,9%) with bladder injury, 3 patients (7,14%) with posterior urethra injury and 1 patient (2,38%) with both bladder and posterior urethra injury. CONCLUSION: Urgent repair of extraperitoneal urinary tract injury by urologic surgeons and synchronized pelvic reduction and fixation using external or internal fixation by ortopaedic surgeon, in the same surgical procedure, is the standard method for treatment of this severe injury.
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Pereira, Carlos Umberto, João Domingos Barbosa Carneiro Leão, Antonio Ribas, Egmond Alves Silva Santos, João Tiago Silva Monteiro, and Gustavo Cabral Duarte. "Frontal Epidural Haematoma." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 15, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v15i1.471.
Анотація:
Background: The epidural haematoma is the most important space-occupying lesion due to head injury with high index of mortality and morbidity when the correct management is not done. Frontal epidural haematoma are considered rare lesions, representing about 10% of the whole epidural haematomas. They are usually unilateral and may present with subacute and chronic evolution in 40% of the cases. Objective: To study thirty cases of frontal epidural haematoma andanalyze the causes, clinical findings, evolution, and outcome. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients presenting with frontal epidure hematomas were retrospectively reviewed. The age ranged from 10 to 32 years old, with a mean of 18 years-old. Main causes were traffic accidents and falls. Results: In therewere 24 male patients and six female cases the haematoma was bilateral. Acute collection occurred in 19 cases, subacute in 5 and chronic in 6 of them. The most important clinical findings were headaches, vomiting and seizures. Skull x-raysdetected fracture in 18 cases and computed tomography was positive in demonstrating the haematoma. In all surgery cases was carried out in 28 patients and two cases had been submitted to conservative treatment. Two patients died in consequence of associated intracerebral and extracerebral lesions. Conclusions: 1) usually frontal epidural haematomas are more frequent in young adults; 2) its evolution is slow, usually subacute or chronic, in the majority of the cases; 3) its clinical findings course with few neurological symptoms and 4) the prognosis is good, except in those cases with multiple intracranial lesions or systemic injury.
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Chweya, Reagan Ngoge, Susan Njoki Mambo, and John Mwangi Gachohi. "Demographic, occupational and societal risk exposures to physical injuries in a rural community in Western Kenya: a 12-week longitudinal study." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e053161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053161.
Анотація:
ObjectiveWe studied factors associated with the weekly occurrence of physical injuries in a rural setting to determine injury-related burden and risk exposures.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSuna-West subcounty, Migori County, Western Kenya.Participants390 study participants (subjects) cluster sampled from 92 households, recruited and followed up for 12 weeks, between August and October 2019.MethodsWe collected data weekly on occurrence of injuries, individual-level and household-level independent variables using a standard interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO survey tool for injuries. Analyses related occurrence of injuries and independent variables using a multilevel Poisson regression model, adjusting for age and sex.Outcome measuresQuantifying injury-related burden and patterns by demographic, occupational and societal risk exposures.ResultsWe documented 44 injuries, coming from 38 subjects dwelling in 30 of the 92 study households. On average, each study subject and household experienced 1.2 and 1.5 episodes of injuries across the 12 study weeks. Open wounds and bruises were the most frequent injuries commonly reported among middle-aged (18–54 years) and young (5–17 years) subjects at 32.2 and 7.6 episodes per 1000-person week, respectively. The common cause of injuries among young, middle-aged and old subjects (>54 years) were falls, road accidents and person-related assault or being hit by an object, each at 15.2, 18.9, and 11.4 episodes per 1000-person week, respectively. Subjects not domesticating animals (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=7.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 41.7) and those making a visit outside the local subcounty of residence (IRR=2.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.1) were at higher risk of reporting injuries.ConclusionWe provide evidence of a higher burden of physical injuries associated with demographic, occupational and societal risk exposures with the most injuries resulting from falls. Further studies could better define granular characteristics constituting these factors.
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Meena, Dinesh Kumar, Raghvendra Choubisa, Johney Juneja, and Anamendra Sharma. "Functional and clinical outcome of MIPPO anterolateral plating for proximal tibia fracture both proximal one third and coronal intrarticular fracture." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 7, no. 6 (October 26, 2021): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20214178.
Анотація:
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>The proximal tibial fractures are one of the commonest intraarticular fractures. Generally these injuries fall into two broad categories, high energy fractures and low energy fractures. The tibial plateau fractures are mostly due to high velocity road traffic accidents and fall from height, where fractures result from direct axial compression, usually with a valgus (more common) or varus moment and indirect shear forces.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study and includes operations by MIPPO technique that were undertaken between January 2020 till June 2021 in RNT government hospital; Udaipur. The total number of cases studied were 25 with the youngest being 25 years old and oldest 70 years old. Intraoperative complications were noted. Functional outcome was assessed using Modified Rasmussen’s Criteria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with fracture in our study occurred between the age of 25 to 70 years with maximum incidence involving the productive age group of 21-30 years (90%). Majority of the patients was males- 90%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From the minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis of proximal tibial fracture there is an increase in the complexity of proximal tibial fractures with increasing road traffic accident. As most of the patients sustained these fractures belong to physically highly active and productive age group, they need optimal treatment to get back to their previous work capacity and avoid long term complications like osteoarthritis. We treated all fractures in our study with MIPPO technique and found rapid healing by secondary fracture union and hence achieving strong bone union across the fracture site due to inherent benefits of less tissue damage and minimal disturbance of fracture site biology. We operated 20 proximal tibial fractures with MIPPO technique and observed rapid healing and good functional recovery.</p>
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Nightingale, Christopher, Jennifer McNulty, and Stephen Butterfield. "Spatio-Temporal Gait Variable Differences Between Independent and Assisted Living Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3234.
Анотація:
Abstract As the US population continues to age, it is important to gain a better understanding of factors that differ between independently living older adults and those that require assisted living. Accidental falls contribute to decreased quality of life for many older adults, and considerable research has been conducted examining measures of fall-risk and potential interventions. In this pilot study, we investigated fall-risk via assessment of spatio-temporal variables associated with gait in independent and assisted-living older adults aged 65+. Two gender-matched groups of participants were tested on seven gait variables (step length, stride length, contact time, contact phase, foot flat, propulsive phase, and average speed) utilizing Opto-Gait technology. Each group included sixteen participants. Independent living participants were recruited through word of mouth and flyers at local senior centers. Assisted living participants all resided in one local health care facility and were recruited via word of mouth and flyers posted in the facility. A one way ANOVA with an alpha level of .05 revealed significant differences between groups in contact time, foot flat, propulsive phase, and average speed. The independent living group performed better on each variable. These findings indicate that older adults living in assisted living facilities may be at much greater risk of accidental fall than their independent living counterparts. While this study identified several key factors related to instability among old adults, additional investigation is warranted to further examine the relationships among gait, fall-risk, and differentiators between independently living and assisted living older adults in these variables.
50
Et.al, Ainul Husna Mohd Yusoff. "Classification of Fall Detection System for Elderly: Systematic Review." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 1769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1004.
Анотація:
Elderly are the world’s largest growing population, categorized over the age of 60 to 65 years. They are the ones who prone to fall due to their old age and low self-efficacy, thus making them vulnerable to different accidents. Even doing daily activities can also expose the elderly to a fall incident. As a result, it has gained the attention of many researchers in conducting studies related to the elderly daily health care, especially in relation to the fall detection system. This paper aims to provide a systematic review on the classification of fall detection systems for the elderly. This systematic review is designed based on the existing and extensive literature review on fall detection systems guided by the prisma statement (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) review method. Based on this systematic review, four overarching themes that provide in-depth information on fall detection to detect fall events have been identified; classification of fall detection, basis development, type of sensor and detection technique. In a nutshell, the fall detection approach has successfully provided an alternative health care services for elderly who choose to live independently. Therefore, it is important to continue to develop a fall detection system that integrates with technology in order to provide a safe living environment for elderly, and for children, it can offer as an alternative for monitoring systems.