Дисертації з теми "Facteurs d'activation des macrophages"
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Gomes, Machado Marina. "The role of acetate in macrophage`s response against Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2022/2022ULILS001.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced mainly by the gut microbiota with a known role in immune regulation. Acetate, the major SCFA, is described to disseminate to distal organs such as the lungs. Moreover, the literature supports that acetate modulates inflammation and improves bacterial clearance. Our group has previously demonstrated that acetate improves Streptococcus pneumoniae clearance in the context of a secondary post-viral infection. This protection is mediated by alveolar macrophages, the first line of pulmonary immune defense. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effect of acetate on the killing ability of alveolar macrophages and to delineate the mechanisms involved in this response. Here we show that acetate supplementation in drinking water modulated the secretion of host defense proteins by murine pulmonary cells and led to reduced S. pneumoniae loads in the lungs. To understand the mechanisms of bacterial clearance, alveolar macrophages were used. Transcriptomic analysis (RNAseq) revealed that acetate induced a specific signature of host defense in S. pneumoniae conditioned macrophages. This associates with the improved killing ability of acetate treated macrophages mediated by nitric oxide (NO) production. Increased NO concentration triggered by acetate was dependent on augmentation of IL-1β levels. Surprisingly, IL-1β production led by acetate was neither dependent on its cell surface receptor (Free-Fatty Acid Receptor 2), nor on the enzymes responsible for its metabolism (Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 1 and 2). Alternatively, acetate enhanced the glycolytic profile of macrophages resulting in greater HIF-1α activity which culminated in higher transcription of IL-1β. Moreover, the increased secretion of IL-1β triggered by acetate relied on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, we unravel a new mechanism of bacterial killing by acetate-activated macrophages. We show that acetate increased IL-1β production and secretion in a mechanism dependent on the axis glycolysis/HIF-1α and NLRP3, respectively. Consequently, higher levels of IL-1β resulted in augmented NO production and improved killing ability of alveolar macrophages
Besse, Arnaud. "Etude de la production de M-CSF par les cellules stromales médullaires et les lymphocytes T." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO105E.
Повний текст джерелаPillet, Pascal. "Syndrome d'activation macrophagique dans les maladies rhumatismales de l'enfant : intérêt de la ciclosporine." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23015.
Повний текст джерелаFath, Isabelle. "Etude du mode d'activation des protéines RAS par les facteurs d'échange." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T045.
Повний текст джерелаLagente, Vincent. "Etude des effets des antagonistes du facteur d'activation des plaquettes (PAF) dans les réactions allergiques immédiates et retardées du système bronchopulmonaire." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P603.
Повний текст джерелаQueraux, François-Yves. "Syndrome d'activation macrophagique avec hemophagocytose : à propos de trois observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M024.
Повний текст джерелаDefossez, Pierre-Antoine. "Mécanismes d'activation transcriptionnelle par ERM, un nouveau membre de la famille ETS." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-326.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Hamida-Rebaï Meriam. "Etude du mécanisme d'activation de la petite protéine G ArF1." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077042.
Повний текст джерелаArf1 is a member of the small-G-protein superfamily. Small G proteins are involved in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal rearrangement and formation of transport vesicles. Small G proteins cycle in the cell between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. Activation of Arf1 occurs by GDP/GTP exchange. The activation reaction is catalyzed by exchange factors (GEFs) whereas inactivation is regulated by proteins of the GAP family. In our work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to better understand the mechanism of activation of Arf1 and the role of exchange factors in GDP ejection. We developed restrained molecular dynamics approaches to study GDP extraction from the Arf 1-GDP-GEF complex as well as the related conformational transition. We identified key residues and conformational changes involved during in the activation process. These methods also permitted a better understanding of the role of the magnesium ion in the mecanism of Arf1 activation. Our results showed that Mg ion stabilizes the GDP phosphates in the Arf1 binding site. In addition, it seemed to prevent the approach of critical residues in the exchange factor necessary for nucleotide ejection because of electrostatic destabilisation. It would seem to be necessary that this cation dissociate in order to permit the exchange factor to play its catalytic role in nucleotide ejection
Lhuillier, Alice. "Identification de programmes d'activation macrophagique et microgliale dans les formes progressives de la sclérose en plaques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056829.
Повний текст джерелаJouan, Alain. "Le complexe NADPH-oxydase producteur d'ions superoxyde des neutrophiles : étude immunochimique des facteurs cytosoliques d'activation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10154.
Повний текст джерелаBreton, Yann. "Identification de facteurs de régulation du VIH-1 chez les macrophages humains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27342.
Повний текст джерелаUpon exposure to HIV-1, only a small proportion of macrophages are infected whereas most remain uninfected. It is proposed that these cells play an important role in the establishment and propagation of HIV-1 infection. To further our knowledge in this field, transcriptomic and proteomic comparative analyses of uninfected and HIV-1-infected MDMs (Monocyte-derived macrophages) were performed. These analyses led to the selection of 50 genes that were tested for their functional roles in HIV-1 replication by siRNA screen. Eight genes were identified as regulators of HIV-1 infection in MDMs, but only MDM2 acted as a susceptibility factor. The knockdown of MDM2 decreased HIV-1 expression by two folds. Our results indicate that the resistance to HIV-1 upon MDM2 silencing is maintained in MDMs even if MDM2 mRNA level is restored, thus suggesting that this protein might be indirectly involved in HIV-1 infection. Identification of viral cofactors regulated by MDM2 will bring a new understanding of signaling events controlling HIV-1 replication in macrophages.
Flajollet, Sébastien. "Etude du mécanisme d'activation de la transcription en réponse aux rétinoïdes." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S041.
Повний текст джерелаThe Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) is a ligand activated transcription factor which modulates the expression of retinoic acid-target genes. These genes are implied in fundamental biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, embryogenesis, growth and reproduction. RAR recruits a plethora of coregulators with multiple functions in response to retinoids. These multiprotein complexes are key structural components in the complex and controlled transcription mechanism. Many of them participate in remodeling of chromatin, while otehrs are implied transcription complex formation. This underlines the importance of these coactivators in transcriptional activation. Yet their contribution to RAR-mediated transactivation remains poorly studied. This PhD thesis focused on the recruitment of three coactivator complexes : P160, mediator and SWI/SNF complex. These proteins are implied in distinct steps of the RAR-mediated process. I investigated this question by assessing the respective role of these coactivators by using molecular and cellular biology approaches in the P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line, an appropriate developmental system to study the role of RARs. Results of knock-down of SRC1 and med1 by RNA interference have demonstrated distinct roles of these coactivator complexes in retinoid-induced biological responses. This allowed us to propose a model summarizing complex formation during transcription initiation at the RARBeta2 promoter, a prototypical retinoic acid-regulated gene. Finally the study of the interaction between the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI-SNF complex and RAR identified us an additional step in the regulation of transcription by retinoids. Characterization of the role of each coactivators provide important information to better understand this complex regulation of RA-induced transcription
Dion, Valérie. "Mécanismes d'activation de la transcription : interactions de l'activateur Gal4-VP16 avec le complexe TFIIA-TBP-TFIIB." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDe, Paoli Fédérica. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription NOR1 et TLE1 dans les macrophages alternatifs humains." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S006/document.
Повний текст джерелаAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which macrophages play a crucial role. Macrophages are derived from the differentiation of circulating monocytes and they are not an homogenous population. We can distinguish at least two types of macrophages: The pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and the alternative anti-inflammatory macrophages M2. Functions of macrophages are controlled by transcriptional factors. My laboratory has realised a transcriptomic analysis of transcriptional factors differently regulated among RM and M2 macrophages. Among the most regulated transcriptional factors there is NOR1 (Neuron-derived Orphan Receptor 1) and TLE1 (Transducin Like Enhancer of Split 1). According to these data, we have chose these two transcriptional factors in order to determine their role in human alternative macrophages. The neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is induced upon human alternative macrophage polarization and stimulates the expression of markers of the M2 phenotypeThe neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1), together with Nur77 and Nurr1, is a member of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family expressed in human atherosclerotic lesion macrophages. However, the expression and the functions of NOR1 in human alternative macrophages have not been studied yet. Using an in vitro model of IL-4 polarized primary human alternative macrophages we demonstrate that NOR1 expression increased in alternative M2 macrophages in humans but not in mice. Moreover NOR1 expression is also most abundant in CD68+MR+ alternative macrophage-enriched areas of human atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Silencing NOR1 expression in human alternative macrophages decreases the expression of a panel of M2 markers such as the Mannose Receptor (MR), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), CD200 receptor (CD200R), coagulation factor XIII A1 polypeptide (F13A1), interleukin 10 (IL10) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARg). Moreover, expression and enzymatic activity of MMP9 are induced by NOR1 silencing in M2 macrophages, a regulation confirmed in NOR1 gain of function experiments. These data identify NOR1 among the transcription factors induced during alternative differentiation of human macrophages and demonstrate that NOR1 modifies the alternative macrophage phenotype. Study of TLE1 expression and potential functions in human alternative macrophagesTLE1 is a member of the Groucho family and it is mainly described as a transciptional co-repressor. Although lacking in DNA binding activity of their own, this protein is recruited to gene promoters through interaction with other factors. No data are available regarding the expression or role of TLE1 in macrophages. Our results show that TLE1 is among the highest expressed transcriptional factors in human alternative macrophages. This regulation is verified also in murine macrophages. Histological analysis showed that TLE1 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions in vivo co-localizes with the macrophage marker CD68 and the alternative maker MR. Q-PCR analysis of macrophage-enriched areas isolated by LCM showed that the mRNA levels of TLE1 are higher in zones of alternative CD68+MR+ macrophages compared to zones enriched in CD68+MR- macrophages. Moreover we have shown that TLE1 expression is higher in adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) compared to resting macrophages isolated from blood of the same patients. Finally we have characterised the mRNA expression of TLE1 in obese patients affected or not by diabetes and we have shown that TLE1 expression is influenced by the metabolic state of the patients
Morin, Pierre. "Identification des voies d'activation transcriptionnelle induites par l'infection virale : Rôle des facteurs régulateurs d'interféron 3 et 7." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S015.
Повний текст джерелаViral infection of eukaryotic cells causes the transient expression of interferon genes (IFN-A, IFN-B and IFN-G) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) and leads to the synthesis of a specific set of proteins mainly participating in the stimulation of antiviral immune response. Transcriptional activation of the IFN-A multigenic family members is mediated by interferon regultory factors, especially IRF-3 and IFR-7. .
Pinelli, Eric. "Mécanisme d'activation de l'hyperactivité oxydative des macrophages par le gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane : rôle du calcium et de la protéine kinase C." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT028A.
Повний текст джерелаMorin-Boymond, Carole. "Étude in vitro du mécanisme d'activation des macrophages alvéolaires de rat : effet de la vectorisation d'un dérivé lipophile du muramyldipeptide." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114808.
Повний текст джерелаMeunier, Étienne. "Étude des différents signaux d'activation de l'inflammasome dans les monocytes-macrophages : implication dans la réponse inflammatoire vis-à-vis des nanotubes de carbone et de Leishmania infantum." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1869/.
Повний текст джерелаThe vision of the immunity as whole discriminating elements of the self to protect and non-self to fight has evolved the last years with the discovery of endogenous danger signals. Thus, any condition that may be deleterious to the host, associated with an endogenous danger signal emission, is likely to produce an immune response able to mobilizing actors to promote homeostasis. The inflammatory response is initiated by the innate immune system following the recognition of exogenous and endogenous danger signals. Macrophages, due to the expression of a broad spectrum of receptors and their strategic position in the tissues play a key role in the development of this response. Repeated exposure to environmental particles such as asbestos results in the establishment of a sterile and chronic inflammatory response known to be extremely harmful to the body. The study of the impact of nanoparticles, the DWCNTs, on the inflammatory response of macrophages led us to isolate a cytoplasmic complex, Nlrp3 inflammasome. Formation of Nlrp3 inflammasome results in the activation of the protease caspase-1 and leads to the specific release of IL-1ß and IL-18, both highly inflammatory cytokines. We have isolated the efflux of potassium, the process of phagocytosis, phagosome maturation and cathepsin B as endogenous dangers signals responsible for the activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome. In the second part of this work, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of activation of the inflammasome by a pathogenic agent, the parasite Leishmania infantum (L. I) responsible of visceral leishmaniasis. Our results showed that L. I is able to promote the secretion of IL-ß in a process requiring C-type lectin receptor Dectine-1 engagement and protease caspase-1 activation. Thus, we isolated the tyrosine kinase Syk, phagocytosis process and ROS as cellular dangers signals involved in the caspase-1 activation and IL-1 beta release. To conclude, all these data show the original and unique capacity of the inflammasome to recognize cellular stress signals induced by features different by their chemical and structural structures. This results in the release of IL-1 beta by monocytes/macrophages and the development of an inflammatory response
Villeneuve, Jérôme. "Influence de l'immunité et des facteurs angiogéniques sur la croissance des glioblastomes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27183/27183.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNicolas, Alain. "Etude des caracteristiques electrophysiologiques des phases d'activation transitoire au cours du sommeil humain. Influence de facteurs intrinseques (sexe, age, gemellite) et de facteurs environnementaux (stimulations sonores intermittentes)." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13093.
Повний текст джерелаVillard, Elise. "Impact de facteurs génétiques et métaboliques sur la fonction et la structure des HDL." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066284.
Повний текст джерелаThe high HDL-C plasma levels observed in CETP-deficient subjects have afforded a rational to the development of pharmacological CETP inhibitors to increase HDL-C and to reduce cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical evaluation of 2 CETP inhibitors (Torcetrapib and Dalcetrapib) revealed that those treatments were surprisingly not able to reduce cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, these molecules induce significant elevation of plasma HDL-C levels and improve HDL efflux capacity, improving large HDL or small HDL particle function. These observations highlight the complexity of HDL function biology, which is modulated by many factors. Thus, my PhD work focused on the modulation of HDL structure and efflux capacity by clinical, genetic and metabolic factors. Furthermore, in the current context of CETP inhibitors failure, it is important to keep in mind the potent atheroprotective functions of CETP; those may be preserved to manage cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, this concept is supported by the contradictory conclusions reached by association studies between CETP and cardiovascular risk. Hence, CETP may have pro and anti-atherogenic functions, which result in either a global benefic or deleterious effect, according to individual metabolic context. Consequently, my PhD project aims to identify the extent of CETP atherogenicity in order to propose a relevant therapeutic strategy to prevent its deleterious effects and broadlier CAD development. My PhD research work affords a better understanding of HDL efflux capacity modulation by genetic and metabolic factors, highlighting that HDL-based therapy could have different effect according to metabolic and genetic context of treated patients. Moreover, as a putative explanation of CETP inhibitor failure, I demonstrated that CETP acts as an anti-atherogenic protein, as it improves plasma efflux capacity from human macrophage and modulates the postprandial inflammatory response
Paternot, Sabine. "Différents mécanismes d'activation de la CDK4 par l'AMP cyclique et les facteurs de croissance dans les cellules épithéliales thyroïdiennes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210826.
Повний текст джерелаDans ce travail, nous montrons que l’arrêt de la stimulation des thyrocytes de chien par l’AMPc entraîne une diminution rapide de la phosphorylation de pRb et de l’activité de la CDK4 sans affecter la formation des complexes cycline D3-CDK4-p27. Par une approche utilisant le haut pouvoir de résolution de l’électrophorèse bidimensionnelle, nous avons identifié la phosphorylation activatrice de la CDK4 comme cible du contrôle par l’AMPc du passage du point de restriction. Ceci constitue un premier exemple d’une régulation de la phosphorylation et de l’activité de la CDK4 indépendante de son association avec une cycline ou un inhibiteur de CDK. Ces résultats contrastent avec l’absence de modulation d’expression, de localisation subcellulaire et d’assemblage des complexes cycline H-CDK7-Mat1, la CAK considérée comme responsable de la phosphorylation activatrice de la CDK4. Ceci suggère que les CAKs régulées activant la CDK4 n’ont pas encore été identifiées.
D’autre part, alors que la TSH induit une accumulation de p27, nous montrons à présent que l’expression de la p21 apparentée est augmentée par l’EGF + sérum et réprimée par la TSH. En réponse à l’EGF + sérum ou à la TSH, respectivement, la p21 ou la p27 supportent la localisation nucléaire, la phosphorylation et l’activité de la CDK4. Les « inhibiteurs » de CDK p21 et p27 pourraient donc être utilisés différentiellement comme régulateurs positifs de la CDK4 lors des stimulations des cellules épithéliales thyroïdiennes de chien par la TSH (p27) ou par l’EGF + sérum (p21).
Nous avons également montré que les complexes cycline D1-CDK4 et cycline D3-CDK4 phosphorylent pRb sur des sites partiellement différents. Cette nouvelle observation a été reproduite pour des complexes cycline D-CDK4 surexprimés en cellules CHO ainsi que pour des complexes exprimés de manière endogène dans différents types cellulaires. Cette différence de spécificité de substrat entre la cycline D1 et la cycline D3 conduit à différents profils de phosphorylation de pRb dans les thyrocytes de chien stimulés par la TSH ou les facteurs de croissance, ce qui est dû à l’utilisation préférentielle de la cycline D3 dans les thyrocytes stimulés par la TSH alors que les facteurs de croissance induisent surtout la cycline D1. Comme différentes fonctions de pRb sont régulées par phosphorylation sur différents résidus, ce résultat indique que les complexes cycline D1-CDK et cycline D3-CDK pourraient affecter de manière partiellement différente la fonction de cette protéine.
Enfin, nous avons comparé les stimulations mitogéniques par la TSH ou l’EGF + sérum dans les thyrocytes humains normaux en culture primaire. En accord avec leurs modulations différentes, la cycline D3 et la cycline D1 sont utilisées différentiellement dans les voies mitogéniques stimulées par la TSH ou l’EGF + sérum respectivement. De plus, ce système nous a permis de confirmer la régulation de l’activité de la CDK4 au niveau de sa phosphorylation activatrice comme mécanisme déterminant de la réponse mitogénique.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aziz, Athar. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription bZip MafB et c-Maf dans le développement des macrophages : la différenciation macrophagique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22020.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe have shown here that expression of MafB and c-Maf restricts the ability of mature monocytes and macrophages to proliferate and lead them to the terminal differentiated state. In absence of MafB or c-Maf macrophages terminal differentiation was unaffected; however, combined deficiency of both MafB and c-Maf led differentiated macrophages to proliferate upon M-CSF stimulation. In addition, this proliferation potential was not restricted to fetal liver derived macrophages as MafB/c-Maf double deficient (DKO) sorted monocytes from peripheral blood of reconstituted mice or tissue macrophages also had potential to proliferate on M-CSF stimulation. Proliferation of terminally differentiated cells was c-Myc and Klf4 dependent, but was independent of p16, and p19. Finally DKO sorted monocytes could be cloned and re-cloned with a high efficiency. Although DKO macrophages have proliferation potential ex vivo, they remain mature macrophages and untransformed. Furthermore, they could be detected in the peripheral tissue of intra venously syngenic mice. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role of MafB and c-Maf in terminal monocytic differentiation by keeping the macrophages out of cell cycle when mitogenic M-CSF stimulus of M-CSF is given
Buisson, Anthony. "Etude du comportement des macrophages vis-à-vis des Escherichia Coli adhérents et invasifs islés de patients atteints de maladie de Crohn en fonction des facteurs de susceptibilité de l'hôte." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM16.
Повний текст джерелаCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whose pathophysiology results from an abnormal interaction between the gut microbiota and the host's immune system under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. . Within this microbiota, adherent and invasive E. coli (AIEC) colonize the ileal mucosa of patients with CD and are able to survive and multiply within macrophages. Moreover, the therapeutic objectives of CD, and especially endoscopic mucosal healing, require repeated endoscopies, which are not acceptable from the patients' point of view. Among alternative means, fecal calprotectin is the fecal marker of reference even if its performance seems to be diminished in certain situations like pure ileal disease. The primary objective of this work was to compare the ability of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from patients with CD, ulcerative colitis (UC) or healthy subjects to control AIEC infection and to identify associated with this multiplication of AIEC and in particular the role of genetic polymorphisms associated with CD in connection with autophagy. AIEC multiplied more than non-pathogenic strain K12 in macrophages irrespective of their origin. The entry of the AIEC (1h post-infection) did not vary according to the origin of the macrophages. The survival of AIEC was increased in MDM from MC patients compared to those from HCR or control subjects. In multivariate analysis, this survival was positively correlated with the secretion of IL1β but was decreased in the presence of the variants at risk for ULK1 (p = 0.046) and XBP1 (p = 0.014). MDM from MC patients were unable to control the multiplication of AIEC, unlike those from HCR or control subjects, especially in the presence of the variant at risk for IRGM (p = 0.045). Infection of MDM from MC patients by AIEC bacteria induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion pattern. The second part of this work aimed to compare the performance of faecal chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), a host protein interacting with AIEC virulence factor, and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9). to detect the endoscopic inflammatory activity of MC in comparison with the standard fecal marker, calprotectin. Fecal CHI3L1, MMP-9 and calprotectin levels were correlated with Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and were significantly increased in the presence of endoscopic ulcerations. In case of pure ileal involvement, fecal CHI3L1 seemed better correlated with CDEIS than fecal calprotectin. The fecal CHI3L1 threshold of 15 ng / g showed better performance than faecal calprotectin in detecting the presence of endoscopic ulcerations. MMP-9 was a powerful marker for detecting the presence of endoscopic lesions in IBD. In conclusion, we have shown that there is a macrophage defect to control infection by AIEC bacteria in patients with CD related to atopic risk variants involved in autophagy leading to a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype . Fecal CHI3L1, known as a host protein interacting with AIEC virulence factor, as well as MMP-9 appear to be good markers of endoscopic activity in IBD
Sirois, Mélissa. "INTERACTIONS VIH-HÔTE : Modulation de l'expression de facteurs cellulaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28492/28492.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFisson, Sylvain. "Etude in vitro et in vivo des mécanismes moléculaires d'activation lymphocitaire T et microgliale : identification de nouveaux marqueurs de sous-populations microgliales et de discrimination macrophagique." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0038.
Повний текст джерелаBourak, Mohammed. "Possibilités et limites de la catalyse par transfert de phase en synthèse organique, étude physico-chimique des facteurs d'activation et de sélectivité." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596352k.
Повний текст джерелаMarics, Irène. "Etude structurale et mécanisme d'activation de séquences transformantes humaines : caractérisation d'un nouveau membre de la famille des facteurs de croissance du fibroplaste." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22022.
Повний текст джерелаBourak, Mohammed. "Possibbilités et limites de la catalyse par transfert de phase en synthèse organique : étude physico-chimique des facteurs d'activation et de sélectivité." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30055.
Повний текст джерелаMaurais, Tony. "Interactions paracrines macrophages/cellules tumorales : l'activation du système CD40/CD154 module l'expression de facteurs pro-tumoraux et l'invasion tumorale /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30024870R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMaurais, Tony. "Interactions paracrines macrophages/cellules tumorales : l'activation du système CD40/CD154 module l'expression de facteurs pro-tumoraux et l'invasion tumorale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1540/1/030024870.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMabondzo, Aloïse. "Facteurs humoraux, anticorps bispecifiques et macrophages humains au cours des infections a virus de l'immunodeficience humaine de type 1." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066601.
Повний текст джерелаMelloni, Boris. "Etude de la production d'activités mitogéniques par les macrophages alvéolaires stimules par la silice pour les pneumocytes II in vitro : régulation et caractérisation partielle des facteurs produits par les macrophages." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD01.
Повний текст джерелаThe proliferation of lung type II epithelial cells is a prominent feature of lung tissue following silica-induced lung injury. Alveolar macrophages are known as a central cell to the lung inflammatory response. For bioassay, type II cells were isolated from fetal rat lungs. Fetal type II cells were well characterized and the cells shown some identical aspects of adult type II cells. In this study, we investigated the role of silica-activated alveolar macrophages to release soluble factors stimulating type II cell proliferation in vitro. A growth-promoting activity for fetal type II cells was observated in supernatants from sheep or human instimulated alveolar macrophages. When macrophages from control sheep or normal volunteers were incubated in vitro with low doses of silica, macrophage condioned media induced a significant increase in type II cell DNA synthesis and cell number over that seen with instimulated macrophage supernatants. Supernatants from titanium dioxyde or aluminium-treated silica dust-exposed alveolar macrophages had the same effects as unstimulated macrophage supernatants. In addition, conditoned media from in vivo exposed sheep alveolar macrophages increased significantly type II cell growth. Partial characterization of conditionned media was performed by molecular weight chromatography. These investigations were coupled with biochimical treatments of each mitogenic activity peak. In addition, neutralising antibodies or antisera were used to specify the nature of the growth-promoting activity. Ammong the well-known growth factors, alveolar macrophage-drived growth fractions had characteristics consistent with PDGF, FGF and IGF-1 like molecules. These macrophage-derived cytokines could have a significant contribution to the regulation of he alveolar epithelium repair through their activities on epithelial type II cells
Lahmar, Qods. "Analyse du potentiel des macrophages double-déficients en MafB et c-Maf en tant qu'agent de thérapie cellulaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4029.
Повний текст джерелаIn metazoans, specialized cells are typically withdrawn from the cell cycle, whereas stem cells and progenitor cells have extensive self-renewal potential that is usually lost on differentiation. Self-renewal is controlled by a combination of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals that trigger balanced cellular proliferation. In this context, we previously reported that the knock-out of two monocytic transcription factors, MafB and c-Maf, enables extended expansion of mature monocytes and macrophages in culture without loss of differentiated phenotype and function. As macrophages are involved in degenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer biology, amplified macrophages may provide potential therapeutic applications. In this context and since macrophages are also known to enhance tumor development, we aim to investigate Maf-DKO macrophages behavior in a tumor context Initially, we have shown that regardless of tumor model (ID8 ovarian carcinoma or B16 melanoma), Maf-DKO macrophages have the ability to prevent tumor growth and reduce established tumor mass in tumor bearing mice. The potential provides a novel therapeutic approach for cancer cell therapies. Next we aimed to provide a proof of principle for the amplification of human monocytes by the inhibition of MafB/c-Maf genes and to investigate their potential in therapeutic applications. So far, we have shown that the down-regulation of MafB and c-Maf in human monocytes results in a colony formation in semi-solid medium, reflecting that the knock down of MafB and c-Maf results in proliferative advantage
Félix, de Melo Juliana. "Molécules de fusion et facteurs de transcription dans les macrophages et cellules musculaires squelettiques de rats : l'effet de la dénutrition néonatale." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2000.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we evaluated the late effects of neonatal undernutrition on the expression/production of fusion molecules and transcriptional factors in alveolar macrophages and skeletal muscle cells. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were suckled by mothers fed diets containing 17% casein, control group (C) or 8% casein, undernourished group (UN) during lactation. After weaning, all animals received a normoproteic diet (Labina or Teklad Global), at 42 days (n=12), 60 days (n=12) and 90 days (n=12). Half of these animals (n=18) were submitted to a tracheostomy for the removal of bronchoalveolar lavage and subsequent culture of alveolar macrophages for 4 days. In the other half (n = 18), all muscles of both legs were removed and the skeletal muscle cells cultured for 10 days. This resulted in two original articles. The first of these, entitled “Long-term effects of a neonatal low-protein diet in rats on the number of macrophages in culture and the expression/production of fusion proteins”, allowed us to observe that undernutrition during lactation altered the number of macrophages in culture and the production of fusion proteins in young and adult rats, but did not modify the expression of cadherin adhesion molecules. The second article, entitled “Effect of a neonatal low-protein diet on the morphology of myotubes in culture and the expression of key proteins that regulate myogenesis in young and adult rats”, demonstrated that neonatal undernutrition did not modify the expression of key proteins of the myogenic process but altered the morphology and reduced the number of myotubes in culture from 60-day-old rats. In conclusion, neonatal undernutrition caused sequelae in young and adult organisms, even after nutritional recovery. These changes were evidenced in the development of alveolar macrophages in culture and myogenesis
Veillat, Véronique. "Régulation et mécanismes d'action du facteur inhibiteur de la migration des macrophages (MIF) dans l'endométriose." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27082/27082.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBantignies, Frédéric. "Mecanismes d'activation de la transcription par la proteine tax du virus htlv-i : caracterisation genetique de facteurs cellulaires impliques dans l'activation du promoteur viral htlv-i." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0045.
Повний текст джерелаMoussouni, Malika. "Facteurs bactériens impliqués dans la survie intramacrophagique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et recherche d’inhibiteurs spécifiques : du modèle expérimental cellulaire au modèle vertébré Danio rerio." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT003.
Повний текст джерелаThe increased number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a real challenge for medical research. WHO has published a list of very high priority pathogens, which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium responsible for acute and chronic infections. P. aeruginosa is involved in nosocomial infections and is also the main pathogen responsible of the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cftr gene.The macrophage is in the first line of the innate immune defense. The role during infection of the ability of P. aeruginosa to resist to the bactericidal action of macrophages is poorly understood, both in the context of cystic fibrosis or in normal conditions. Virulence factors such as MgtC and OprF have been recently identified as important in the intramacrophage survival of P. aeruginosa. The main objective of our project is to better understand the role of these factors in the establishment of P. aeruginosa infection, to test the contribution of the CFTR channel at this stage, and to develop innovative therapeutic strategy.Since it is important to better control the infection, we propose here to develop a new strategy, in addition to antibiotic therapy, which aims to limit the ability of P. aeruginosa to survive within macrophages. This approach is based on the MgtC target and a natural MgtR inhibitor.We have tested for the first time the effect of MgtR synthetic peptide on P. aeruginosa. MgtR reduces bacterial survival in macrophages, through its action on the MgtC protein, thus validating the biological effect of the synthetic peptide. This antivirulence strategy is combined with a structural approach, to characterize the MgtC/MgtR interaction from a molecular point of view and to study the effect of MgtR on MgtC dimerization. This could ultimately lead to optimize the MgtR peptide in order to test it in an animal model (preliminary studies in the embryo of zebrafish were inconclusive).In addition, I contributed in a study to characterize the bacterial factors involved in the intramacrophage stage of P. aeruginosa. This work revealed the involvement of MgtC and OprF in the expression of the T3SS, itself responsible for a lysis of macrophages by intracellular bacteria. The use of oprF mutant as an "indicator" of the intramacrophage role in vivo, allowed us to show the importance of bactericidal action of macrophage (e.g. phagosomal acidification) in the control of P. aeruginosa infection, both in cultured macrophages and in zebrafish embryo. This vertebrate model is relevant for the study of P. aeruginosa infection, but also for the involvement of CFTR. cftr-/- embryos appear to be highly susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection, and this model could determine the specific contribution of CFTR to the bactericidal action of macrophage.In conclusion, a better understanding of the intramacrophage stage of P. aeruginosa and the bacterial factors involved, may provide a better control of P. aeruginosa infection
Lapierre, Martin. "L'endomètre, un milieu potentiellement favorable au développement tumoral : action des facteurs solubles de macrophages polarisés sur l'activation des cellules du cancer endométrial." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1688/1/030106891.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOlagnier, David. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription PPARgamma et Nrf2 dans la modulation de l'expression du récepteur scavenger CD36 des macrophages : implication dans la physiopathologie du paludisme." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1308/.
Повний текст джерелаMalaria remains the deadliest parasitic disease in the world. The introduction of new pharmacological approaches in the fight against this pathogen is essential. Macrophages through the expression of CD36 receptor play a crucial role in the recognition and the elimination of P. Falciparum infected erythrocytes. Therefore, maintaining an elevated level of CD36 receptor on the surface of macrophages is a crucial element in the struggle against the parasite. The establishment of malaria infection is always associated with an excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators. In this work, we show in vitro that inflammatory processes negatively regulate the expression of CD36 receptor on the surface of human and mouse macrophages and hence decrease the clearance of parasitized erythrocytes. In these inflammatory conditions, we demonstrate that PPARgamma activators are ineffective to promote CD36 expression on macrophages, a phenomenon directly associated with a defect of both PPARgamma expression and activation. However, we highlight here for the first time that the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor controls independently of PPARgamma the expression of CD36 receptor and its antiplasmodial function. All these results have been reproduced in vivo in a murine malaria model where only Nrf2 activators and not PPARgamma ligands contribute to improve the outcome of infection. Collectively, these data highlight the important role of the Nrf2 transcription factor in the control of malaria through the modulation of CD36 expression on macrophages
Fouque, Françoise. "Effets du PAF-acéther seul ou associe à l'adrénaline sur les plaquettes humaines : interférences pharmacologiques." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077118.
Повний текст джерелаSpérandio, Daniel. "Étude des facteurs de virulence et de l'implication des phénomènes de variations phénotypiques dans la pathogénie d'une souche hospitalière de Pseudomonas fluorescens MFN1032." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES020.
Повний текст джерелаPseudomonas fluorescens is a ubiquitous Gram negative bacterium with a high adaptation capacity. Due to its psychrotrophic character, this species is usually considered as nonpathogen. Nevertheless, strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens were identified in hospital in patients suffering from nosocomial diseases. A clinical strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, MFN1032, was isolated from patient suffering from a lung infection. This strain has a secreted hemolytic activity involving biosurfactants. This strain was subject to phenotypic variation. Two groups of phenotypic variants are defective in biosurfactant production. This suggests biosurfactant production is highly regulated. The phenotypic modification of one variants group results from the disruption of GacA/GacS and could enhance fitness for acute infection. The second group variant may involve a c-di-GMP level variation, which is not yet understood, and shows a phenotype adapted to chronic infection. However, MFN1032 possesses a cell-associated hemolytic activity independent of secreted hemolytic activity, maintained in variants. This activity is thermoregulated and is inhibited by quorum sensing. The GacS/GacA system is a negative regulator of this activity. MFN1032 is virulent towards Dictyostelium discoideum and shows cytotoxicity on macrophage cell line, phenotypes that are independent from biosurfactants. The interruption of an operon containing hrcRST genes, homologous to hrpU operon genes of type three secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas rhizospheric bacteria, provokes the loss of these activities. These results report, for the first time the involvement of T3SS basal part in Pseudomonas fluorescens virulence
Cordeiro, Olga. "From lymph node embryogenesis to homeostasis : new insights into the functions of stromal RANKL (TNFSF11)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ075/document.
Повний текст джерелаRANKL and RANK are members of the TNF-superfamily and TNF-receptor superfamily, respectively. They are known to play an important role in the regulation of bone mass and in the development and the function of the immune system. However questions still remain. We have used genetically modified mice to address some of these questions, in particular by using a mouse whose lymph node marginal reticular stromal cells lack RANKL. The results obtained during this PhD provide important new insights into the positive impact of stromal RANKL on lymph node macrophages concomitant with enhanced B cell function and reduced viral pathogenicity. We found that stromal RANKL regulates lymphotoxin and CXCL13 expression, two key molecules for B cell homeostasis and secondarylymphoid organ cellular integrity. RANKL activity seems to follow a temporal hierarchy over lymphotoxin/TNFα, as the phenotype caused by stromal RANKL-deficiency has increased penetrance with age. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RANKL activates lymph node lymphatic endothelial cells and found that the integrin ITGA2b is a new indicator for activated lymphatic endothelial cells. Thus, together with MAdCAM-1, ITGA2b serves as a novel marker for those lymphatic endothelial cells that are constitutively activated by stromal RANKL. Altogether, the data reinforce the importance of RANKL for the lymph node homeostasis and uncover here to unknown mechanisms of RANKL functions.In light of this and the fact that RANKL is responsive to female hormones, we studied the role of RANKL in the Sjögrens syndrome, a chronic inflammatory disease of salivary and lacrimal glands with a strong female sex bias. We provide evidence that RANKL neutralization reduces tertiary lymphoid organ size. On the perspective side, a possible cross talk between lymph node lymphatic endothelial cells and macrophages or marginal reticular cells remains to be clarified.Furthermore, further work is required to elucidate the mechanism by which RANKL stimulates chronic inflammatory diseases presenting tertiary lymphoid structures, in order to make RANKL a new target for therapy
Lagraoui, Mouna. "Étude des interactions cellulaires lors de co-cultures, neutrophiles/synoviocytes et neutrophiles/macrophages (RAW264.7) : implication des facteurs de croissance dans la survie et les fonctions cellulaires du neutrophile." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0014/NQ52165.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez, Herrera Irma Gabriela. "Etude in vivo de la régulation traductionnelle de l'expression du facteur FGF-2." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30097.
Повний текст джерелаWallon, Christine. "Étude des mécanismes d'activation des lymphocytes T au cours d'une réponse anticorps in vitro chez l'homme vis-a-vis de l'antigène TNP-PAA." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112094.
Повний текст джерелаHaidar, Malak. "Rôle du facteur de croissance transformant (TGF-β2) dans la virulence des macrophages infectés par Theileria annulata". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T044.
Повний текст джерелаTheileria parasites (Theileria. annulata and T. parva) are intracellular protozoa and members of the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileria parasites are the only eukaryotes that possess the property of being able to transform another eukaryote, their leukocyte host cells. Transformed leukocytes show many characteristics of tumour cells such as heightened invasive capacity; however the tumour-like phenotype can be totally reversed upon drug induced parasite death and attenuated by multiple in vitro passages. Such multiple-passaged attenuated lines are used as live vaccines against tropical theileriosis. The similarities in tumour hyper-invasiveness between Theileria-transformed leukcocytes and human lymphomas imply that observations on Theileria-induced leukocyte transformation have the potential to give generally applicable insights into the mechanisms underpinning tumour virulence. My host laboratory described higher TGF-β2 levels in virulent infected macrophages and following microarray analysis of virulent compared to attenuated macrophages found that among the 1158 TGF-β-targets, 68 genes had altered transcript levels concomitant with attenuation. In this study, we investigate the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion and invasiveness of Theileria-infected cells. We were especially interested in the study of TGF-β2 signalling in Theileria-transformed virulent versus attenuated macrophages. My results indicate that following Theileria infection of macrophages, the TGF-β2 signalling pathway is activated and induces an increase in adhesion of virulent transformed macrophages through two different mechanisms: either by activating a PGE2 / EP4 / cAMP / PKA / EPAC / CREB signaling pathway, or by stimulating a GRB2 / PI3-K / AP-1 pathway. As attenuated macrophages display heightened oxidative stress, which underpins their loss of adhesion and invasiveness, in collaboration with another PhD student (Mehdi Metheni) we investigated the role of TGF-β2 in the regulation of the oxidative stress status of Theileria-infected macrophages. Our data show that high levels of TGF-β2 increase the expression of catalase, an anti-oxidant enzyme that converts H2O2 into H2O and the drop in H2O2 output results in regain of the virulence trait heightened adhesion of Theileria-transformed macrophages to fibronectin. Theileria-transformed macrophages display many features of cancer cells such as their consumption of larger quantities of glucose. The BCL-2 family protein BAD has an alternative function in glucose metabolism separate from its role in apoptosis. The activity of BAD is regulated by phosphorylation in response to growth/survival factors. BAD can be phosphorylated on Ser155 by PKA. So during my thesis studies I examined the role of PKA mediated phosphorylation of BAD in the regulation of the cellular metabolism of Theileria-transformed macrophages. My results showed that ablation of BAD S155 phosphorylation dissociates the mitochondrial complex of BAD and HK2 and cytosolic HK2 becomes ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Loss of HK2 switches the metabolism of Theileria-transformed leukocytes from Warburg-like to OXPHOS-like glycolysis
Rivas, Christelle. "Immunité de la résistance et de la sensibilité génétique à un lymphome T viro-induit chez le poulet : étude du profil des cytokines et de l'implication des macrophages." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4006.
Повний текст джерелаMarek's disease virus (MDV) is an herpesvirus inducing T lymphoma in chickens. Intravenous treatment with Cl2MBP liposomes depleting spleen macrophages was shown to increase viremia and tumor development in resistant (B21 haplotype) chickens infected with MDV. Reduction of NO production was observed. NOSi produces NO (antiviral and antitumoral) from L-arginine and arginases (ARG) produces L-ornithine (precursor of protumoral polyamines) in macrophages. MDV infection suppressed IFN- and transcription in blood during the first week, but earlier in susceptible (B13 haplotype) than in resistant chickens. This immunosuppression was not linked to TGF- transcription. Strong and long-lasting IFN- transcription was linked to NOSi and ARG II transcription in resistance. However susceptibility did not display Th2 (IL-4) cytokine pattern. Treatment with recombinant avian IFN- or suppressive human TGF-1 delivered via adenovirus had no effect on disease progression
Lê-Bury, Gabrielle. "Infection des macrophages par le VIH-1 : facteurs moléculaires impliqués dans la production virale et dans le développement de bactéries opportunistes The HIV-1 protein Vpr impairs phagosome maturation by controlling microtubule-dependent trafficking Pronounced stealth phenotype and differential pyroptosis induction by invasive Salmonella Typhimurium revealed by coinfection of human macrophages with HIV Role of Solute Carriers in efficient HIV-1 production by human macrophages." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB094.
Повний текст джерелаHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects macrophages. In contrast to CD4+ T cells, macrophages are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the virus and represent a reservoir for the pathogen. In these cells, the new virions are produced and stored in a specific intracellular compartment called Virus-Containing Compartment (VCC). This non-acidic compartment, transiently connected to the plasma membrane, remains poorly characterized. In addition, HIV-1 induces an alteration of macrophage function, allowing the development of opportunistic bacteria, such as specific strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. In particular, we studied invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium (iNTS) strains that developed in HIV-positive patients. The aims of my thesis have been to identify the molecular factors involved in the production of HIV-1 in primary human macrophages and to study the development of the invasive strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. First, I participed in studying the effects of HIV-1 infection on macrophage function. Their main role is phagocytosis, which is a defense mechanism enabling internalization and degradation of pathogens. It has previously been shown in the host laboratory that in HIV-1 infected macrophages, the internalization step is partially inhibited by the virulence factor Nef. In this work, we have shown that the infection of these cells by HIV-1 also inhibits the maturation of phagosomes, in this case, via the viral protein Vpr. Further, we have demonstrated that HIV-1 leads to a pre-activation state of the macrophage, while preventing the cell from responding to subsequent stimuli, such as bacterial superinfection. Secondly, I studied the coinfections between HIV-1 and an invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium that was compared to reference strains. This work demonstrated that bacteria do not hijack the viral compartment for their survival in co-infected macrophages. Additionally, the invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium was observed to induce less cell death by pyroptosis than a reference strain. The signaling pathways upstream of this cell death were determined to be associated with an inflammatory mechanism. Hence, it was demonstrated that the invasive strain of Salmonella hijacks the mechanism of pyroptosis to survive in macrophages. This may explain the dissemination observed in patients. Finally, a study of new cellular factors involved in viral production in macrophages was conducted. Following a transcriptomic analysis of human primary macrophages infected, or not, with HIV-1, we identified a large number of membrane transporters called SLC (Solute Carrier) whose expression was modulated by the infection. After selecting some of the candidates for further study, I have demonstrated that some of these SLCs are important for viral production in macrophages. In conclusion, this work contributes to defining how HIV-1 infects macrophages and disturbs their activation and clearance functions, and how opportunistic pathogenic bacteria develop
Guyonnet, Léa. "Rôle du récepteur myéloïde à l’endothéline (ETB) au cours de l’hypertension artérielle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB018.
Повний текст джерелаArterial hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one of the most prominent contributors to death worldwide. However, despite the frequency of hypertension, its cause in the majority of adults is unknown. Hypertension is complex, with no single mechanism entirely explaining the blood pressure (BP) rise in any given model. The past 50 years have seen growing evidence implicating the immune system. Recent data suggest that macrophages (M)/monocytes contribute to, and protect from, hypertension and its associated end organ injury. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor. Its production is triggered by multiple stimuli including Ang II and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ET-1 acts by binding to two distinct receptors, the endothelin-A (ETA) and the endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. Interestingly, ET antagonism can blunt BP elevation in an Ang II model suggesting that ET-1 largely mediates the effects of Ang II. Here, we have generated mice specifically lacking ETB receptors on myeloid cells. We have shown that the development of hypertension associated with Ang II infusion is not dependent on these cells. Similarly, the cardiac dysfunction seen after 6 weeks of Ang II was similar between knockout and control mice. Interestingly, mice deficient of ETB receptors on myeloid cells alone were protected from Ang II induced vascular dysfunction and kidney injury. This protection appeared to relate to an inability for ETB receptor deficient Mto infiltrate the kidneys due to impaired chemokinesis towards ET-1. Furthermore, the Minfiltrating he kidney in response to Ang II in myeloid ETB receptor deficient mice overwhelmingly possessed an anti-inflammatory phenotype