Дисертації з теми "Facteur d'épissage"
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Soufari-Rouba, Heddy. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle du facteur d'épissage alternatif tissu spécifique MEC-8 chez C.elegans." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0406/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn multicellular organisms, proteomic diversity in each cell and tissue is provided initially by selective expression of gene subsets from the total genome, which are further subjected to alternative splicing, such that a different pattern of exons can be retained or excluded in the final protein coding mRNA. We are investigating the molecular details of the tissue-specific splicing factor protein MEC-8 from the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. The MEC-8 mutant protein is responsible for a touch insensitive phenotype in Caenorhabditis elegans, relating to its role as an alternative splicing factor. More precisely, MEC-8 can bind to the mec-2 pre-mRNA, a component of mechanosensory receptor, to regulate the production of a certain isoform required for transducing the touch signal. Previous studies of the conserved RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain in orthologues from vertebrate (RBPMS) and insect (couch potato; CPO) have demonstrated a homodimerization motif in MEC-8 RRM1. However, MEC-8 also contains a second RRM domain in the C-terminus that is not found in the characterized RBPMS and CPO proteins. We have therefore expressed the independent RNA-binding domains of MEC-8 as well as the full-length protein and have used these constructs in a variety of biophysical assays. We identified the optimal RNA binding sequence for both the RRM1 and RRM2, and quantified the penalty of sequence variations. The investigation has also been extended to the homologous domains from human RBPMS and Drosophila CPO, which show a high affinity to the same RNA sequence. We therefore find that despite differences in function and localization, the members of the RBPMS protein family all bind to the same RNA motif. Atomic details of binding have also been obtained by using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The ligand-bound complexes reveal a surprising similarity in the architecture of the bound ligand for the first and second RRM domains from MEC-8
Catherine, Kamtchueng. "Identification des éléments CIS d'ARN et développement d'un gène rapporteur pour caractériser les facteurs d'épissage qui contrôlent l'expression du facteur de transcription pro-apoptotique TAF6?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6317.
Повний текст джерелаMiné, Manuèle. "Investigations biochimiques et moléculaires des déficits en pyruvate déshydrogénase et étude d'une mutation intronique impliquant le facteur d'épissage SC35." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P640.
Повний текст джерелаEdmond, Valérie. "Caractérisation de nouvelles fonctions biologiques et modifications post-traductionnelles du facteur d'épissage SC35 dans des modèles cellulaires de carcinomes pulmonaires." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531801.
Повний текст джерелаFic, Weronika. "Mise en évidence du rôle du facteur d'épissage B52 au cours de l'organogenèse de l'oeil chez la drosophile et son implication dans la localisation de la topoisomérase I." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20205.
Повний текст джерелаKobayashi, Lejars Asaki. "UHM-ULM interactions in spliceosomal complexes : structural characterization and targeting with small molecules." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL042.
Повний текст джерелаGene expression requires many layers ofregulation among which splicing consists in the removalof sequences from primary transcripts. For thisprocess, a macromolecular machinery, the spliceosome,undergoes a dynamic assembly through protein-protein, RNA-RNA and protein-RNA interactionsin a stepwise manner. The simplified view of assemblyof the spliceosome is that first, the ribonucleoproteinU1 snRNP recognizes the 5’ splice site, Splicing Factor1 (SF1) binds the branchpoint sequence andU2snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF) binds the polypyrimidinetract and 3' splice site (complex E). U2AF assiststhe recruitment of U2 snRNP to the branch point sequenceto form the A complex. Later, the recruitmentof U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP forges the B complex, uponwhich, structural rearrangements release U1 and U4snRNPs leading to the catalytic C complex. U2AF is aheterodimer, with its 35kDa subunit (U2AF35) boundthrough its U2AF Homology Motif (UHM) domain tothe ULM (UHM Ligand Motif) of the 65kDa subunit(U2AF65). In addition, U2AF65 presents two RNArecognition motifs, a C-terminal UHM and a N-terminalarginine-serine (RS) rich low complexity domain(LCD). In this model, the RS domain of U2AF65 stabilizesthe U2snRNA-branchpoint sequence duplex andthe U2AF65-UHM domain recognizes successively theULM motif of SF1 and several ULMs in the U2snRNPsubunit SF3b155. In vitro, the affinity of U2AF65 forSF1 is relatively better than for SF3b155. LCD are often involved in the formation of condensatesthrough liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS),which contribute for example to the compartmentalizationof biological molecules in membrane-less organelles.We have previously reported that U2AF65promotes the formation of such condensates viaLLPS. In line with this work, we have characterized theU2AF65 interactions supported by condensates formationrelatively to physicochemical parameters, includingsalt concentration and temperature, as wellas the length of the RS domain and its amino acidcomposition. Furthermore, LLPS can be modulatedby post-translational modifications. We havedemonstrated that the phosphorylation state of theRS domain modulates the formation of U2AF65condensates in vitro. Using pulldown experimentsand immunoprecipitations, we demonstrate thatthe deletion of the RS domain prevents the interactionof U2AF65 with both SF1 and SF3b155, whichstrongly indicates the actual contribution of the RSdomain in UHM-ULM interaction.In parallel, we compared, using nuclear magneticresonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the interactions ofthe hydrophobic core of the U2AF65-UHM domainwith the ULM domains of SF1 and SF3b155. Perturbationsof the 15N-U2AF65-UHM HSQC spectrumindicates that SF3b155 interaction with U2AF65-UHM is supported by at least three ULMs, which isconsistent with previous reports. In agreement, increasingthe stoichiometry of U2AF65-UHM against15N-SF3b155-ULM reveals stepwise changes inchemical shift perturbations of at least three tryptophanresidues, in the SF3b155-ULM spectrum. Interestingly,these HSQC spectra of SF3b155-ULMdid not reveal any structuration upon U2AF65-UHMbinding, suggesting a role of this dynamics to favourthe binding to several ULMs and the formationof U2AF65 condensates in the presence ofSF3b155.Lastly, we initiated a collaboration with the Synsightcompany in order to identify molecules ableto perturbate UHM-ULM interactions. Through insilico analyses, we obtained a small molecule (C13)displaying affinity for U2AF65-UHM as evidenced byNMR analyses. Through NMR and molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, we obtained insights intothe C13 binding mode in the U2AF65-UHM hydrophobicpocket. Using an in vitro binding assay, weshowed that C13 can modulate the binding ofU2AF65 to SF3b155. These promising results suggestthat UHM-ULM interactions could be targetedto fight specific diseases such as cancers
Vautrin, Audrey. "Etude des dérégulations de l'épissage alternatif du pré-ARN messager de la troponine T cardiaque humaine associées aux dystrophies myotoniques de types 1 et 2 et des caractéristiques du facteur d'épissage MBNL1 impliqué dans ces pathologies." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10141/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmplifications of CTG motifs in the human DMPK gene are responsible for Myotonic Dystrophy of type 1. The resulting CUG repeats in pre-mRNAs capture the MBNL1 splicing factor, leading to mis-regulation of MBNL1 pre-mRNA targets. Due to the recent discovery of MBNL1 and its numerous isoforms (9) resulting from alternative splicing, little is known on how MBNL1 regulates splicing and how a decreased level of available MBNL1 generates splicing miss-regulations. First, we defined which of the MBNL1 alternative and constitutive exons are required for: i) RNA binding, ii) splicing activity and, iii) MBNL1 sub-cellular localization. Second, for a more precise definition of the MBNL1 RNA binding properties, we performed SELEX experiments using a library of RNA stem-loop structures containing a 18-nt long randomized sequence. Its leads to the identification of 12-nt long sequence adopting a peculiar stem-loop structure, whose importance for MBNL1 binding was revealed by its preservation by compensatory base-pair mutations. Finally, based on the above data, we studied the mechanisms involved in regulation of hcTNT exon 5 splicing. By in cellulo assays, we defined the hcTNT pre-mRNA region required for both normal inclusion and for the trans-dominant effect of CUG repeats. Within this region, we identified six new potential MBNL1 sites and demonstrated their functional role by in vitro and in cellulo assays. We also identified several additional splicing regulatory elements involved in normal and CUG-deregulated exon 5 inclusion and already showed a role of hnRNP H in splicing regulation. Altogether, our data bring new information important for understanding the pathology
Tari, Manel. "Etude du rôle des facteurs d'épissage à domaines UHM dans la régulation de l'épissage alternatif." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE041.
Повний текст джерелаU2AF65, CAPERα, PUF60 and SPF45 are splicing factors that hold similar domains called UHM that interact during the early splicing steps with ULM domains proteins, such as SF3b155. Using biochemical approaches, we highlighted the formation of macromolecular assemblies by U2AF65 and CAPERα in contact with the multi-ULM domain of SF3b155. The inhibition of the expression of the UHM splicing factors by shRNA, followed by a qPCR analysis of 65 cassette exons led us to identify an activating role of CAPERα, U2AF65 and PUF60 and a repressing role of SPF45 in splicing. Particularly, CAPERα and U2AF65 activate splicing of cassette exons presenting long pyrimidine-rich 5' flanking regions. Moreover, these regions favor the formation of macromolecular assemblies of U2AF65 and CAPERα. On the basis of these results, we propose a model in which multivalent interactions lead to CAPERα and U2AF65 macromolecular assemblies; these assemblies present a particular affinity on one hand for long pyrimidine-rich introns and on the other one for the multi-ULM domain of SF3b155. All these interactions promote 3' splice sites recognition
Rodrigues, Amélie. "Modélisation d'une forme de rétinite pigmentaire et validation d'une approche de thérapie génique, à l'aide de cellules rétiniennes dérivées de cellules iPS humaines." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS520.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGeneration of retinal cells from human iPS cells offers the opportunity to study the effects of specific disease-causing mutations in an in vitro human system. Our project consisted of modeling specific form of Retinits Pigmentosa (RP) using patient iPS cells. We first optimized a differentiation protocol to obtain retinal organoids with a structural organization closer to the retina in vivo, allowing advanced photoreceptor maturation. Using this tool, we were able to fully recapitulate the RP phenotype (degeneration of rods and cones), observed in patients with mutation in RHODOPSINE gene, coding for the visual pigment. Then, we used the same approach to understand the pathogenicity of RP related to mutations in PRPF31 gene, coding for a splicing factor. Retinal organoids summarized the degeneration of mature rods and secondary loss of cones, as observed in patients. Furthermore, PRPF31-mutated retinal pigmented epithelial cells exhibited also structural and functional defective phenotype. These retinal degenerative phenotypes are correlated with a lower level expression of PRPF31 protein, linking causal mutations to an haploinsufficiency mechanism. We thus have developed a gene augmentation strategy, bringing an additional wild type copy of PRPF31 through CRISPR/Cas9 or using an AAV vector, that both allowed the rescue of retinal cell degeneration
Ismaili, Naïma. "Identification et caractérisation de deux facteurs d'épissage chez trypanosoma brucei :modèle d'interactions impliquées dans le trans-épissage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212073.
Повний текст джерелаBorensztajn-Delhom, Keren Sarah. "Facteur VII de la coagulation : génétique et physiopathologie des déficits constitutionnels. Approche moléculaire." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077208.
Повний текст джерелаGramont, Armand de. "Etude de la cycline B2 et caractérisation des variants d'épissage des cyclines B1v et B2v chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066008.
Повний текст джерелаGabut, Mathieu. "Régulation de l'épissage alternatif par des facteurs d'épissage de la famille des protéines SR dans des situations physiologiques ou pathologiques." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20068.
Повний текст джерелаSR proteins play a crucial role in messenger RNA maturation processes, and more precisely in the regulation of alternative splicing. This mechanism allows the synthesis of multiple mRNAs from a single precursor and is a major source of proteomic diversity. The activities of SR proteins are regulated by phosphorylation of the RS domain, rich in arginine and serine residues, by several protein kinases, including the DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). Using cells resistant to a Topo I inhibitor, we have shown that resistance to camptothecin is correlated to the downregulation of the expression of this enzyme. Topo I depletion induces the hypophosphorylation of SR proteins as well as alternative splicing alterations, suggesting thereby that the kinase activity of Topo I is not redundant and is necessary for alternative splicing processes in vivo. As key splicing regulators, SR proteins also play an essential role during development, even if this function remains elusive. In drosophila, the overexpression of several SR proteins, in larval eye imaginal discs and brain, is responsible for developmental alterations of both tissues. We have identified candidate target mRNAs associated to dASF/SF2 and B52, and we have shown that overexpression of both SR proteins induces splicing patterns alterations for some of these mRNAs that are involved in eye and brain development. The analysis of both tissues, at the larval stage, revealed that overexpression of dASF/SF2 impairs cell differentiation within the ommatidia, when the overexpression of B52 also alters brain development. SR proteins regulate the splicing of mRNA precursors through binding of intronic or exonic enhancer sequences, which can be altered by mutations in genetic diseases. We have investigated the consequences of a mutation, located in the intron 7 of the PDH complex E1α subunit encoding gene, in a case of Leigh syndrome. This mutation creates an enhancer sequence specific for SC35, and is responsible for an aberrant splicing pattern of the E1αPDH mRNA causing the disease. Using RNA interference, we were able to restore the normal splicing pattern of the E1αPDH gene by reducing the expression level of SC35. At last, we have characterized small chemical molecules that specifically inhibit, both in vitro and in vivo, alternative splicing events regulated by one or more SR protein. Such molecules open exciting perspectives concerning therapeutical approaches to treat human diseases resulting from genetic mutations that impair splicing processes
Rossi, Ferdinand. "Phosphorylation et activité des facteurs d'épissage à domaines RRM et RS : Mise en évidence de l'activité kinase de la DNA topoisomérase I." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20210.
Повний текст джерелаDouablin, Alexandre. "Implication des facteurs d'épissage agissant en trans dans la régulation de l'épissage alternatif de l'exon 16 du pré-messager 4. 1R80 au cours de la différenciation érythroïde." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10030.
Повний текст джерелаThe inclusion of exon 16 in the mature protein 4. 1R messenger RNA (mRNA) is a critical event in red blood cell membrane biogenesis. It occurs during late erythroid development and results in inclusion of the 10kDa domain needed for stabilization of the spectrin/actin lattice. We here identified KSRP as a predominant splicing factor that binds to ESS16, a splicing silencer within exon 16. Its binding requires hnRNP A1 protein in vitro but does not affect exon 16 splicing in intact cells. In addition, we observed that the regulation of the exon 16 inclusion in the erythroid system is not affected by hnRNP A1 in vivo, but rather is modulated by hnRNP A2 in an isoform specific manner
Kiss, Mihaly Arnold. "Identification and characterisation of novel small nuclear RNAs." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30259.
Повний текст джерелаRibosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and spliceosomal RNAs contain many post-transcriptionally modified nucleotides. In rRNAs, pseudouridines and 2'-O-methylated nucleotides are synthesised by small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs). Each snoRNP contains a guide RNA carrying sequences that select the target nucleotides by formation of base-pairing interactions. By construction and characterization of human cDNA libraries, we have identified 70 novel putative guide RNAs. The great majority of the new RNAs accumulates in the nucleolus and is predicted to function in rRNA modification. Another group of the new guide RNAs accumulates in Cajal bodies and is predicted to direct modification of spliceosomal RNAs. Our results raised the possibility that Cajal body may provide the nuclear locale for modification of spliceosomal RNAs. We have also identified guide RNAs that lack complementarities to rRNAs and spliceosomal RNAs, indicating that guide RNAs also function in modification of other type of cellular RNAs
Rammah-Bouazza, Cyrine. "Implication de SOX9 et de MiniSOX9 dans la tumorigenèse colorectale." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T020.
Повний текст джерелаSOX9 is an HMG transcription factor known to regulate transcription by binding of its HMG domain to DNA. We previously demonstrated that SOX9 has anti-oncogenic-properties but SOX9 is overexpressed in colon tumors when compared to adjacent healthy tissu. This overexpression appears paradoxical, unless its anti-oncogenic activity cannot be exert. In this study, we report the discovery of MiniSOX9, a new SOX9 splice variant, which is highly expressed in colon tumors. MiniSOX9 acts as a SOX9 dominant negative isoform. Our hypothesis was that MiniSOX9 antagonizes the SOX9 anti-oncogenic activity in tumors.Using tumors cells lines inducible for SOX9 and MiniSOX9 overexpression, we showed that SOX9 reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Surprisingly, MiniSOX9 has no effect on cell proliferation, suggesting that SOX9 effects could be du to his transcriptionnal activity. However, SOX9 and MiniSOX9 decrease cell clonal ability and tumorosphere formation. In this case, it is likely that SOX9 and MiniSOX9 modulate the activity of proteins partners
Pons, Marine. "Identification de facteurs génétiques impliqués dans les mécanismes d'autorégulation de la protéine TDP-43 dans la drosophile." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR040.
Повний текст джерелаTDP-43 is a DNA/RNA binding protein that plays an important role in RNA metabolism. In the physiological state, strict control of its expression levels is critical for cell function and survival. TDP-43 expression is tightly regulated through an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. This protein has been identified as the principal component of the inclusions observed in a majority of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or FrontoTemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). To date, more than 50 missense mutations of the TARDBP / TDP-43 gene have been described in FTLD / ALS patients, demonstrating the key role of TDP-43 in these neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the functional consequences of TDP-43 mutations are not completely determined. Several studies suggest that high accumulation levels of TDP-43 may participate in pathophysiological mechanisms. The modulation of the production cycle of TDP-43 may therefore provide a new therapeutic strategy. The main goal of this research project was to identify genetic modulators of TDP-43 production by using a novel transgenic Drosophila model mimicking main steps of TDP-43 the autoregulatory mechanism. We identified several splicing factors, including SF2, Rbp1 and Sf3b1, as genetic modulators of TDP-43 production. We have also shown that modulation of TCERG1 expression levels affect TDP-43 production levels in flies. Finally, we found that FTLD/ALSlinked TDP-43 mutations do not alter TDP-43’s ability to self-regulate its expression and consequently of the homeostasis of TDP-43 protein levels
Wang, Hualin. "Alteration of alternative splicing in the pathogenesis of liver disease." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066337.
Повний текст джерелаHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem with 250 million chronic carriers worldwide. Chronic HBV infection may lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), matrix of viral replication, could also undergo alternative splicing (AS) in hepatocytes. The singly spliced SP1RNA is the major HBV spliced variant detected. SP1RNA generates defective viral particles (dHBV) and encodes for HBV splicing-generated protein (HBSP). Recent studies found the proportion of serum dHBV increased during the progression of liver disease and prior to development of HCC. In addition, our group and others revealed that HBSP hacked signaling pathways involved in innate immunity and limit the extent of liver inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate the regulation of viral and cellular alternative splicing in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Our data showed that 1) the modulated expression of splicing factors in HBV transgenic mice contributed to an increase of SP1RNA encoding for HBSP. In HBSP transgenic mice, HBSP expression led to the decrease of inflammatory mono/macrophages recruitment and consequently impaired liver fibrogenesis. 2) the pattern of selected splicing factors expression varied according to liver disease in mouse models, and overexpression of splicing factors and enhanced alternative splicing of target genes were observed in HCC tumors. In conclusion, our data highlighted the impact of liver diseases on the expression of splicing factors which may contribute to regulate both viral and cellular splicing events and consequently the progression of liver pathogenesis