Статті в журналах: "Face perception"

1

Yovel, Galit, and Nancy Kanwisher. "Face Perception." Neuron 44, no. 5 (December 2004): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.018.

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2

Gülbetekin, Evrim, Seda Bayraktar, Özlenen Özkan, Hilmi Uysal, and Ömer Özkan. "Face Perception in Face Transplant Patients." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 05 (August 20, 2019): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666786.

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AbstractThe authors tested face discrimination, face recognition, object discrimination, and object recognition in two face transplantation patients (FTPs) who had facial injury since infancy, a patient who had a facial surgery due to a recent wound, and two control subjects. In Experiment 1, the authors showed them original faces and morphed forms of those faces and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 2, they showed old, new, and implicit faces and asked whether they recognized them or not. In Experiment 3, they showed them original objects and morphed forms of those objects and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 4, they showed old, new, and implicit objects and asked whether they recognized them or not. Object discrimination and object recognition performance did not differ between the FTPs and the controls. However, the face discrimination performance of FTP2 and face recognition performance of the FTP1 were poorer than that of the controls were. Therefore, the authors concluded that the structure of the face might affect face processing.

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3

Zhang, Hong, Yaoru Sun, and Lun Zhao. "Face Context Influences Local Part Processing: An ERP Study." Perception 46, no. 9 (February 2, 2017): 1090–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617691293.

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Perception of face parts on the basis of features is thought to be different from perception of whole faces, which is more based on configural information. Face context is also suggested to play an important role in face processing. To investigate how face context influences the early-stage perception of facial local parts, we used an oddball paradigm that tested perceptual stages of face processing rather than recognition. We recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by whole faces and face parts presented in four conditions (upright-normal, upright-thatcherised, inverted-normal and inverted-thatcherised), as well as the ERPs elicited by non-face objects (whole houses and house parts) with corresponding conditions. The results showed that face context significantly affected the N170 with increased amplitudes and earlier peak latency for upright normal faces. Removing face context delayed the P1 latency but did not affect the P1 amplitude prominently for both upright and inverted normal faces. Across all conditions, neither the N170 nor the P1 was modulated by house context. The significant changes on the N170 and P1 components revealed that face context influences local part processing at the early stage of face processing and this context effect might be specific for face perception. We further suggested that perceptions of whole faces and face parts are functionally distinguished.

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4

Little, Anthony C., Benedict C. Jones, and Lisa M. DeBruine. "The many faces of research on face perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0386.

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Face perception is fundamental to human social interaction. Many different types of important information are visible in faces and the processes and mechanisms involved in extracting this information are complex and can be highly specialized. The importance of faces has long been recognized by a wide range of scientists. Importantly, the range of perspectives and techniques that this breadth has brought to face perception research has, in recent years, led to many important advances in our understanding of face processing. The articles in this issue on face perception each review a particular arena of interest in face perception, variously focusing on (i) the social aspects of face perception (attraction, recognition and emotion), (ii) the neural mechanisms underlying face perception (using brain scanning, patient data, direct stimulation of the brain, visual adaptation and single-cell recording), and (iii) comparative aspects of face perception (comparing adult human abilities with those of chimpanzees and children). Here, we introduce the central themes of the issue and present an overview of the articles.

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5

Cho, Hye Sook, Jihwa Lee, and Jeonghee Nam. "Comparative analysis of middle school students’ perceptions in Argument-Based-Inquiry (ABI) science classes of non-face-to-face and face-to-face situations." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 13 (July 15, 2023): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.13.439.

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to fine out students’ perceptions in argument-based inquiry science classes in no-face-to-face and face-to-face situations. Methods For this purpose, 113 students from 4 classes in the 2nd year of middle school located in Matropolitan B were applied argument-based inquiry science classes in two different situations. Surweys and interviews were conducted and analyzed to fine out students’ perceptions of argument-ased inquiry science classes in each situations. Results As a result, there were differences in students’ perceptions of the class, perceptions of understanding scientific knowledge, and perceptions of self-activity regarding argument-based inquiry science in no face-to- face and face-to-face situations. First, in terms of students' perception of the class, students in no face-to-face situation actively participated in argument-based activities but students the other situation actively participated in the stage of actual activities. Second, students in no face-to-face situation the progress of the class remains as a record, and discussions using explanations using pictures and photos were helpful in understanding scientific knowledge. Unlike this, students in face-to-face situation good communication with the small group members helped to understand scientific knowledge. Third, in the perception of problem solving in discussion-based inquiry science classes in no face-to-face and face-to-face situations, students recognized that most of them contributed to solving inquiry problems through the argumentation. Conclusions This study examined students’ perception of learning in argument-based inquiry classes in two different situations, and this results were meaningful in exploring practical directions for successfully applying argument-based inquiry activities in various learning situations to school science classes.

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6

Won, B. Y., and Y. V. Jiang. "Visual redundancy enhances face identity perception but impairs face emotion perception." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (August 6, 2010): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.600.

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7

Webster, Michael A., and Donald I. A. MacLeod. "Visual adaptation and face perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1702–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0360.

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The appearance of faces can be strongly affected by the characteristics of faces viewed previously. These perceptual after-effects reflect processes of sensory adaptation that are found throughout the visual system, but which have been considered only relatively recently in the context of higher level perceptual judgements. In this review, we explore the consequences of adaptation for human face perception, and the implications of adaptation for understanding the neural-coding schemes underlying the visual representation of faces. The properties of face after-effects suggest that they, in part, reflect response changes at high and possibly face-specific levels of visual processing. Yet, the form of the after-effects and the norm-based codes that they point to show many parallels with the adaptations and functional organization that are thought to underlie the encoding of perceptual attributes like colour. The nature and basis for human colour vision have been studied extensively, and we draw on ideas and principles that have been developed to account for norms and normalization in colour vision to consider potential similarities and differences in the representation and adaptation of faces.

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8

Young, Andrew W., Deborah Hellawell, and Dennis C. Hay. "Configurational Information in Face Perception." Perception 16, no. 6 (December 1987): 747–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160747.

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A new facial composites technique is demonstrated, in which photographs of the top and bottom halves of different familiar faces fuse to form unfamiliar faces when aligned with each other. The perception of a novel configuration in such composite stimuli is sufficiently convincing to interfere with identification of the constituent parts (experiment 1), but this effect disappears when stimuli are inverted (experiment 2). Difficulty in identifying the parts of upright composites is found even for stimuli made from parts of unfamiliar faces that have only ever been encountered as face fragments (experiment 3). An equivalent effect is found for composites made from internal and external facial features of well-known people (experiment 4). These findings demonstrate the importance of configurational information in face perception, and that configurations are only properly perceived in upright faces.

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9

Curby, Kim M., and Robert Entenman. "Framing faces: Frame alignment impacts holistic face perception." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 78, no. 8 (September 2, 2016): 2569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1194-4.

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10

Matsumiya, Kazumichi. "Face aftereffect in haptic perception." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646686.

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Adaptation to a face belonging to a facial category, such as expression, causes a subsequently neutral face to be perceived as belonging to an opposite facial category. This is referred to as the face aftereffect (FAE) (Leopold et al., 2001; Rhodes et al., 2004; Webster et al., 2004). The FAE is generally thought of as being a visual phenomenon. However, recent studies have shown that humans can haptically recognize a face (Kilgour and Lederman, 2002; Lederman et al., 2007). Here, I investigated whether FAEs could occur in haptic perception of faces. Three types of facial expressions (happy, sad and neutral) were generated using a computer-graphics software, and three-dimensional masks of these faces were made from epoxy-cured resin for use in the experiments. An adaptation facemask was positioned on the left side of a table in front of the participant, and a test facemask was placed on the right. During adaptation, participants haptically explored the adaptation facemask with their eyes closed for 20 s, after which they haptically explored the test facemask for 5 s. Participants were then requested to classify the test facemask as either happy or sad. The experiment was performed under two adaptation conditions: (1) with adaptation to a happy facemask and (2) with adaptation to a sad facemask. In both cases, the expression of the test facemask was neutral. The results indicate that adaptation to a haptic face that belongs to a specific facial expression causes a subsequently touched neutral face to be perceived as having the opposite facial expression, suggesting that FAEs can be observed in haptic perception of faces.

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11

Tsao, Doris Y., and Margaret S. Livingstone. "Mechanisms of Face Perception." Annual Review of Neuroscience 31, no. 1 (July 2008): 411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238.

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12

Lindsay, D. Stephen, Philip C. Jack, and Marcus A. Christian. "Other-race face perception." Journal of Applied Psychology 76, no. 4 (1991): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.587.

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13

von Hofsten, O., C. von Hofsten, U. Sulutvedt, B. Laeng, T. Brennen, and S. Magnussen. "Simulating newborn face perception." Journal of Vision 14, no. 13 (November 18, 2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.13.16.

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14

Leo, Irene, and Francesca Simion. "Newborns' Mooney-Face Perception." Infancy 14, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15250000903264047.

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15

Robinson, K., J. Duncan, C. Blais, F. Helene, and F. Daniel. "Bubblizing social face perception." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (July 25, 2013): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.866.

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16

Barabanschikov, V. A., and M. M. Marinova. "Deepfake in Face Perception Research." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 14, no. 1 (2021): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2021000001.

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Presents the state-of-the-art Deepfake face replacement image collage method, an artificial intelligence (AI) product that can be used to create high-quality, realistic videos with a fake or replaced face, with no obvious signs of manipulation. Based on the DeepFaceLab (DFL) application, the process of creating video images of an “impossible face” is described step by step. The results of the experiments of studying the perception patterns of the moving “impossible face” and their differences in statics and dynamics are presented. The stimuli were two DFL-generated models of virtual sitters with impossible faces: a video image of a chimerical face, in which the right and left sides belong to different people, and a Tatchered face with the eyes and mouth areas rotated by 180°. It was shown that the phenomena of perception of the “impossible face”, registered earlier under static conditions (integrity of perception of the split image, distraction and inversion effect), are preserved and acquire a new content when dynamic models are exposed. In contrast to the collaged images, the original faces in statics and motion, regardless of egocentric orientation, are evaluated positively at the level of high values. Under all tested conditions the gender of the virtual sitter is determined adequately, the perceived age is overestimated. Estimates of the virtual sitter’s emotions from his video images are differentiated into basic (stable) and additional (changing) states, the ratio of which depends on the content of a particular episode. Deepfake image synthesis technology significantly expands the possibilities of psychological research of interpersonal perception. The use of digital technologies simplifies the creation of “impossible face” stimulus models necessary for in-depth study of representations of the human inner world, and creates a need for new experimental-psychological procedures corresponding to a higher level of ecological and social validity.

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Cassidy, Brittany S., Colleen Hughes, and Anne C. Krendl. "Disclosing political partisanship polarizes first impressions of faces." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0276400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276400.

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Americans’ increasing levels of ideological polarization contribute to pervasive intergroup tensions based on political partisanship. Cues to partisanship may affect even the most basic aspects of perception. First impressions of faces constitute a widely-studied basic aspect of person perception relating to intergroup tensions. To understand the relation between face impressions and political polarization, two experiments were designed to test whether disclosing political partisanship affected face impressions based on perceivers’ political ideology. Disclosed partisanship more strongly affected people’s face impressions than actual, undisclosed, categories (Experiment 1). In a replication and extension, disclosed shared and opposing partisanship also engendered, respectively, positive and negative changes in face impressions (Experiment 2). Partisan disclosure effects on face impressions were paralleled by the extent of people’s partisan threat perceptions (Experiments 1 and 2). These findings suggest that partisan biases appear in basic aspects of person perception and may emerge concomitant with perceived partisan threat.

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Dekowska, Monika, Michał Kuniecki, and Piotr Jaśkowski*. "Neuronal mechanisms of face perception [Review]." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 68, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2008-1692.

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The face is one of the most important stimuli carrying social meaning. Thanks to the fast analysis of faces, we are able to judge physical attractiveness and features of their owners’ personality, intentions, and mood. From one’s facial expression we can gain information about danger present in the environment. It is obvious that the ability to process efficiently one’s face is crucial for survival. Therefore, it seems natural that in the human brain there exist structures specialized for face processing. In this article, we present recent findings from studies on the neuronal mechanisms of face perception and recognition in the light of current theoretical models. Results from brain imaging (fMRI, PET) and electrophysiology (ERP, MEG) show that in face perception particular regions (i.e. FFA, STS, IOA, AMTG, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex) are involved. These results are confirmed by behavioral data and clinical observations as well as by animal studies. The developmental findings reviewed in this article lead us to suppose that the ability to analyze face-like stimuli is hard-wired and improves during development. Still, experience with faces is not sufficient for an individual to become an expert in face perception. This thesis is supported by the investigation of individuals with developmental disabilities, especially with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD).

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Matsuda, Yoshi-Taka, Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, and Satoshi Hirata. "Familiar face + novel face = familiar face? Representational bias in the perception of morphed faces in chimpanzees." PeerJ 4 (August 4, 2016): e2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2304.

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Highly social animals possess a well-developed ability to distinguish the faces of familiar from novel conspecifics to induce distinct behaviors for maintaining society. However, the behaviors of animals when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals, have not been well characterised. Using a morphing technique and preferential-looking paradigm, we address this question via the chimpanzee’s facial–recognition abilities. We presented eight subjects with three types of stimuli: (1) familiar faces, (2) novel faces and (3) intermediate morphed faces that were 50% familiar and 50% novel faces of conspecifics. We found that chimpanzees spent more time looking at novel faces and scanned novel faces more extensively than familiar or intermediate faces. Interestingly, chimpanzees looked at intermediate faces in a manner similar to familiar faces with regards to the fixation duration, fixation count, and saccade length for facial scanning, even though the participant was encountering the intermediate faces for the first time. We excluded the possibility that subjects merely detected and avoided traces of morphing in the intermediate faces. These findings suggest a bias for a feeling-of-familiarity that chimpanzees perceive familiarity with an intermediate face by detecting traces of a known individual, as 50% alternation is sufficient to perceive familiarity.

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Awad, Deema, Colin W. G. Clifford, David White, and Isabelle Mareschal. "Asymmetric contextual effects in age perception." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 12 (December 2020): 200936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200936.

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Perception is context dependent. For example, the perceived orientation of a bar changes depending on the presence of oriented bars around it. Contextual effects have also been demonstrated for more complex judgements, such as facial attractiveness or expression, although it remains unclear how these contextual facial effects depend on the types of faces surrounding the target face. To examine this, we measured the perceived age (a quantifiable measure) of a target face in the presence of differently aged faces in the surround. Using a unique database of standardized passport photos, participants were asked to estimate the age of a target face which was viewed either on its own or surrounded by two different identity flanker faces. The flanker faces were either both younger or both older than the target face, with different age offsets between flankers and targets of ±5, ±10, ±15, ±20 years. We find that when a target face is surrounded by younger faces, it systematically appears younger than when viewed on its own, and when it is surrounded by older faces, it systematically appears older than when viewed on its own. Surprisingly, we find that the magnitude of the flanker effects on perceived age of the target is asymmetric with younger flankers having a greater influence than older flankers, a result that may reflect the participants' own-age bias, since all participants were young. This result holds irrespective of gender or race of the faces and is consistent with averaging.

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Wibowo, Ary Iswanto, and Sayyid Khairunas. "Student’s Perception of Online Learning for Public Speaking Course." LINGUA : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 17, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v17i2.640.

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This research is aimed to find the perception of students on the speaking ability in Public Speaking class during pandemic Covid-19. By communicating to students who are from Public Relation majored, the researchers considered that speaking as a tool of communication should be done intensively. Therefore, within this pandemic teachers and students should change their learning methods from offline face to face to online face to face. The authors stated the problems that the students faced, they are perceptions and difficulties of online public speaking learning. A qualitative method had been used to analyze this case. The authors used the percentage of students as respondents to see the perceptions. The result of this research viewed that students disagree with the online Public Speaking Course. This amount consisted of 35,4% of total respondents that possessed in the second rank. While the first rank with the amount of 36,5% stated hesitation whether should be conducted online or offline. This also made authors and may other researchers to rethink about online Public Speaking Course. Perception, Public Speaking, Online

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22

Anaki, David, Elena I. Nica, and Morris Moscovitch. "Automatic Aspects in Face Perception." Experimental Psychology 58, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000061.

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We examined the perceptual dependency of local facial information on the whole facial context. In Experiment 1 participants matched a predetermined facial feature that appeared in two sequentially presented faces judging whether it is identical or not, while ignoring an irrelevant dimension in the faces. This irrelevant dimension was either (a) compatible or incompatible with the target’s response and (b) same or different in either featural characteristics or metric distance between facial features in the two faces. A compatibility effect was observed for upright but not inverted faces, regardless of the type of change that differentiated between the faces in the irrelevant dimension. Even when the target was presented upright in the inverted faces, to attenuate perceptual load, no compatibility effect was found (Experiment 2). Finally, no compatibility effects were found for either upright or inverted houses (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that holistic face perception is mandatory.

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Li, Yingli, Qingguo Ding, Yuancun Zhao, Yanan Bu, Xiaoyan Tang, Peiguo Wang, Genhua Zhang, Mengling Chen, and Pei Liang. "Direct Electrophysiological Mapping of Shape-Induced Affective Perception." Neural Plasticity 2018 (August 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9795013.

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Visual information may convey different affective valences and induce our brain into different affective perceptions. Many studies have found that unpleasant stimuli could produce stronger emotional effects than pleasant stimuli could. Although there has been a notion that triangle is perceived as negative and circle as positive, there has been no systematic study to map the degrees of valence of shapes with different affective perceptions. Here, we employed four shapes (ellipse, triangle, and line-drawn happy and angry faces) to investigate the behavior and electrophysiological responses, in order to systematically study shape-induced affective perception. The reaction time delay and the event-related potential (ERP), particularly the early ERP component, were applied to find the associations with different affective perceptions. Our behavioral results showed that reaction time for angry face was significantly shorter than those for the other three types of stimuli (p<0.05). In the ERP results, P1, N1, P2, and N2 amplitudes for angry face were significantly larger than those for happy face. Similarly, P1, N1, P2, and N2 amplitudes for triangle were significantly larger than those for ellipse. Particularly, P1 amplitude in the parietal lobe for angry face was the strongest, followed by happy face, triangle, and ellipse. Hence, this work found distinct electrophysiological evidence to map the shape-induced affective perception. It supports the hypothesis that affective strain would induce larger amplitude than affective ease does and strong affective stimuli induce larger amplitude than mild affective stimuli do.

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Gabay, Shai, Adrian Nestor, Eva Dundas, and Marlene Behrmann. "Monocular Advantage for Face Perception Implicates Subcortical Mechanisms in Adult Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 5 (May 2014): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00528.

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The ability to recognize faces accurately and rapidly is an evolutionarily adaptive process. Most studies examining the neural correlates of face perception in adult humans have focused on a distributed cortical network of face-selective regions. There is, however, robust evidence from phylogenetic and ontogenetic studies that implicates subcortical structures, and recently, some investigations in adult humans indicate subcortical correlates of face perception as well. The questions addressed here are whether low-level subcortical mechanisms for face perception (in the absence of changes in expression) are conserved in human adults, and if so, what is the nature of these subcortical representations. In a series of four experiments, we presented pairs of images to the same or different eyes. Participants' performance demonstrated that subcortical mechanisms, indexed by monocular portions of the visual system, play a functional role in face perception. These mechanisms are sensitive to face-like configurations and afford a coarse representation of a face, comprised of primarily low spatial frequency information, which suffices for matching faces but not for more complex aspects of face perception such as sex differentiation. Importantly, these subcortical mechanisms are not implicated in the perception of other visual stimuli, such as cars or letter strings. These findings suggest a conservation of phylogenetically and ontogenetically lower-order systems in adult human face perception. The involvement of subcortical structures in face recognition provokes a reconsideration of current theories of face perception, which are reliant on cortical level processing, inasmuch as it bolsters the cross-species continuity of the biological system for face recognition.

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Bruce, Vicki, Steve Langton, and Harold Hill. "Complexities of face perception and categorisation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99252028.

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We amplify possible complications to the tidy division between early vision and later categorisation which arise when we consider the perception of human faces. Although a primitive face-detecting system, used for social attention, may indeed be integral to “early vision,” the relationship between this and diverse other uses made of information from faces is far from clear.

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Bentin, Shlomo, Truett Allison, Aina Puce, Erik Perez, and Gregory McCarthy. "Electrophysiological Studies of Face Perception in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8, no. 6 (November 1996): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with face perception were recorded with scalp electrodes from normal volunteers. Subjects performed a visual target detection task in which they mentally counted the number of occurrences of pictorial stimuli from a designated category such as butterflies. In separate experiments, target stimuli were embedded within a series of other stimuli including unfamiliar human faces and isolated face components, inverted faces, distorted faces, animal faces, and other nonface stimuli. Human faces evoked a negative potential at 172 msec (N170), which was absent from the ERPs elicited by other animate and inanimate nonface stimuli. N170 was largest over the posterior temporal scalp and was larger over the right than the left hemisphere. N170 was delayed when faces were presented upside-down, but its amplitude did not change. When presented in isolation, eyes elicited an N170 that was significantly larger than that elicited by whole faces, while noses and lips elicited small negative ERPs about 50 msec later than N170. Distorted human faces, in which the locations of inner face components were altered, elicited an N170 similar in amplitude to that elicited by normal faces. However, faces of animals, human hands, cars, and items of furniture did not evoke N170. N170 may reflect the operation of a neural mechanism tuned to detect (as opposed to identify) human faces, similar to the “structural encoder” suggested by Bruce and Young (1986). A similar function has been proposed for the face-selective N200 ERP recorded from the middle fusiform and posterior inferior temporal gyri using subdural electrodes in humans (Allison, McCarthy, Nobre, Puce, & Belger, 1994c). However, the differential sensitivity of N170 to eyes in isolation suggests that N170 may reflect the activation of an eye-sensitive region of cortex. The voltage distribution of N170 over the scalp is consistent with a neural generator located in the occipitotemporal sulcus lateral to the fusiform/inferior temporal region that generates N200.

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Levin, Daniel T., and Bonnie L. Angelone. "Categorical Perception of Race." Perception 31, no. 5 (May 2002): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3315.

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Traditionally, research demonstrating categorical perception (CP) has assumed that CP occurs only in cases where natural continua are divided categorically by long-term learning or innate perceptual programming. More recent research suggests that this may not be true, and that even novel continua between novel stimuli such as unfamiliar faces can show CP effects as well. Given this, we ask whether CP is dependent solely on the representation of individual stimuli, or whether stimulus categories themselves can also cause CP. Here, we test the hypothesis that continua between individual faces that cross the categorical boundary between races show an enhanced CP effect. We find that continua running from a black face to a white face do, indeed, show stronger CP effects than continua between two black faces or two white faces. This suggests that CP effects are enhanced when continua run between two distinctly represented individual stimuli, and are further enhanced when those individuals are, in turn, members of different stimulus categories.

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Barraclough, Nick E., and David I. Perrett. "From single cells to social perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0352.

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Research describing the cellular coding of faces in non-human primates often provides the underlying physiological framework for our understanding of face processing in humans. Models of face perception, explanations of perceptual after-effects from viewing particular types of faces, and interpretation of human neuroimaging data rely on monkey neurophysiological data and the assumption that neurophysiological responses of humans are comparable to those recorded in the non-human primate. Here, we review studies that describe cells that preferentially respond to faces, and assess the link between the physiological characteristics of single cells and social perception. Principally, we describe cells recorded from the non-human primate, although a limited number of cells have been recorded in humans, and are included in order to appraise the validity of non-human physiological data for our understanding of human face and social perception.

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29

Tobimatsu, Shozo. "Visual Gnosis and Face Perception." International Journal of Computational Models and Algorithms in Medicine 3, no. 4 (October 2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmam.2012100102.

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There are two major parallel pathways in humans: the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) pathways. The former has excellent spatial resolution with color selectivity, while the latter shows excellent temporal resolution with high contrast sensitivity. Visual stimuli should be tailored to answer specific clinical and/or research questions. This chapter examines the neural mechanisms of face perception using event-related potentials (ERPs). Face stimuli of different spatial frequencies were used to investigate how low-spatial-frequency (LSF) and high-spatial-frequency (HSF) components of the face contribute to the identification and recognition of the face and facial expressions. The P100 component in the occipital area (Oz), the N170 in the posterior temporal region (T5/T6) and late components peaking at 270-390 ms (T5/T6) were analyzed. LSF enhanced P100, while N170 was augmented by HSF irrespective of facial expressions. This suggested that LSF is important for global processing of facial expressions, whereas HSF handles featural processing. There were significant amplitude differences between positive and negative LSF facial expressions in the early time windows of 270-310 ms. Subsequently, the amplitudes among negative HSF facial expressions differed significantly in the later time windows of 330–390 ms. Discrimination between positive and negative facial expressions precedes discrimination among different negative expressions in a sequential manner based on parallel visual channels. Interestingly, patients with schizophrenia showed decreased spatial frequency sensitivities for face processing. Taken together, the spatially filtered face images are useful for exploring face perception and recognition.

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30

Kakigi, Ryusuke, and Masami K. Yamaguchi. "Editorial: Face perception and recognition." Japanese Psychological Research 56, no. 1 (November 7, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12037.

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31

Young, Andrew W., Deborah Hellawell, and Dennis C. Hay. "Configurational Information in Face Perception." Perception 42, no. 11 (January 2013): 1166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160747n.

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32

Kanwisher, Nancy. "Domain specificity in face perception." Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 8 (August 2000): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/77664.

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33

Martens, Ulla, Hartmut Leuthold, and Stefan R. Schweinberger. "Parallel processing in face perception." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 36, no. 1 (2010): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017167.

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34

Young, Andrew W., Freda Newcombe, Edward H. F. de Haan, Marian small, and Dennis C. Hay. "Face perception after brain injury." Brain 116, no. 4 (1993): 941–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/116.4.941.

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35

Ng, M., D. Kaping, M. A. Webster, S. Anstis, and I. Fine. "Selective tuning of face perception." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 16, 2010): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.106.

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36

Ng, M., V. Ciaramitaro, I. Fine, and G. M. Boynton. "Selective tuning of face perception." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.132.

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37

Thomas, A., K. Lawler, I. Olson, and G. Aguirre. "The Philadelphia face perception battery." Journal of Vision 7, no. 9 (March 30, 2010): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.9.879.

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38

Ganel, Tzvi. "The Objects of Face Perception." Neuron 50, no. 1 (April 2006): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.025.

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39

THOMAS, A., K. LAWLER, I. OLSON, and G. AGUIRRE. "The Philadelphia Face Perception Battery." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 23, no. 2 (March 2008): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2007.10.003.

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40

Dotsch, Ron, and Alexander Todorov. "Reverse Correlating Social Face Perception." Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 5 (December 12, 2011): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611430272.

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41

Mondloch, Catherine J., Terri L. Lewis, D. Robert Budreau, Daphne Maurer, James L. Dannemiller, Benjamin R. Stephens, and Kathleen A. Kleiner-Gathercoal. "Face Perception During Early Infancy." Psychological Science 10, no. 5 (September 1999): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00179.

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42

Lewis, T. L., C. J. Mondloch, D. R. Budreau, D. Maurer, J. L. Dannemiller, B. R. Stephens, and K. A. Kleiner. "Face perception in young infants." Infant Behavior and Development 21 (April 1998): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(98)91748-9.

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43

Martinez, Aleix M. "Computational Models of Face Perception." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 3 (June 2017): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417698535.

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Faces are one of the most important means of communication for humans. For example, a short glance at a person’s face provides information about his or her identity and emotional state. What are the computations the brain uses to acquire this information so accurately and seemingly effortlessly? This article summarizes current research on computational modeling, a technique used to answer this question. Specifically, my research tests the hypothesis that this algorithm is tasked with solving the inverse problem of production. For example, to recognize identity, our brain needs to identify shape and shading features that are invariant to facial expression, pose, and illumination. Similarly, to recognize emotion, the brain needs to identify shape and shading features that are invariant to identity, pose, and illumination. If one defines the physics equations that render an image under different identities, expressions, poses, and illuminations, then gaining invariance to these factors can be readily resolved by computing the inverse of this rendering function. I describe our current understanding of the algorithms used by our brains to resolve this inverse problem. I also discuss how these results are driving research in computer vision to design computer systems that are as accurate, robust, and efficient as humans.

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44

Puce, A. "S38-1 Face perception: Overview." Clinical Neurophysiology 121 (October 2010): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60235-0.

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45

Downing, Paul E. "Face Perception: Broken into Parts." Current Biology 17, no. 20 (October 2007): R888—R889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.008.

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46

Levitan, Carmel A., Isabelle Rusk, Danielle Jonas-Delson, Hanyun Lou, Lennon Kuzniar, Gray Davidson, and Aleksandra Sherman. "Mask wearing affects emotion perception." i-Perception 13, no. 3 (May 2022): 204166952211073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221107391.

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To reduce the spread of COVID-19, mask wearing has become ubiquitous in much of the world. We studied the extent to which masks impair emotion recognition and dampen the perceived intensity of facial expressions by naturalistically inducing positive, neutral, and negative emotions in individuals while they were masked and unmasked. Two groups of online participants rated the emotional intensity of each presented image. One group rated full faces (N=104); the other (N=102) rated cropped images where only the upper face was visible. We found that masks impaired the recognition of and rated intensity of positive emotions. This happened even when the faces were cropped and the lower part of the face was not visible. Masks may thus reduce positive emotion and/or expressivity of positive emotion. However, perception of negativity was unaffected by masking, perhaps because unlike positive emotions like happiness which are signaled more in the mouth, negative emotions like anger rely more on the upper face.

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47

Korolkova, O. A. "What functional brain studies have revealed about face and facial expression perception?" Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 4 (2016): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050404.

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The models of face perception mechanisms have been substantially extended recently by the results obtained with functional brain mapping studies. The current paper reviews the studies that help to define more precisely the functional organization of the distributed facial system. We explore the issue of independence versus interrelation of face identification and expression recognition; compare the mechanisms of static and dynamic faces perception, as well as face-in-context perception. We emphasize the importance of higher ecological validity of face perception and its brain mechanisms.

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48

Bailly, Gérard, Frédéric Elisei, and Stephan Raidt. "Boucles de perception-action et interaction face-à-face." Revue française de linguistique appliquée XIII, no. 2 (2008): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfla.132.0121.

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49

Busigny, T., C. So Jeong, and J. J. Barton. "Holistic face processing induces perceptual shifts in face perception." Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.639.

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50

Forner, Katelyn, James Tanaka, and Isabella Schopper. "Evaluating faces and bodies: Does body information influence face perception?" Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2993.

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