Дисертації з теми "Extrusion de polymères fondus"
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Nigen, Sophie. "Instabilités en extrusion de polymères fondus : atténuation, élimination, mécanismes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10017.
Повний текст джерелаLegrand, Frédéric. "Glissement aux parois des polymères fondus enchevêtrés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10288.
Повний текст джерелаLavernhe-Gerbier, Alexandrine. "Modèles moléculaires appliqués aux instabilités d'écoulement de polymères fondus." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3023.
Повний текст джерелаThe extrusion process of polymers is often limited in flow by instabilities. Indeed, at small flow rate, the extrudate is smooth, then when increase the flow rate, we find successively the sharkskin defect, the spurt and the gross melt fracture. The goal of this thesis, is to understand the molecular origin of the sharkskin and the spurt for, in fine, increasing the rate of production by modifying the molecular weight distribution or the tacticity of linear polymers. After a bibliographical study, which makes a state of the knowledge on the the sharkskin and the spurt, we have studied the linear and non-linear viscoelasticity properties of linear polymer of various chemical species. We have modelled the rheological results, in small and large deformations with the Doi͏̈-Edwards model. The validation of this model in the simple flows, enabled us to apply it in the case of the flow of a polymer in a flat die in order to predict the velocity profile and to show a link between the sharkskin defect and the velocity profile. To explain the origin and the mechanism of this defect, we were interested in the theory of Griffith and the model of the trumpet of de Gennes. This enabled us to find a solution to shift the sharkskin defect. To explain the spurt, we proposed a model of slip based on concepts developed by de Gennes and Brochard. According to our approach, the mechanism of slip would be due to a thermodynamic phenomenon between the molecules of surface "the pseudo brush" and those of volume
Kim, Beom-Soo. "Modélisation du gonflement des polymères fondus en sortie de filière." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4014.
Повний текст джерелаCizeron, Jérome. "Simulation numérique du glissement à la paroi des polymères fondus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10009.
Повний текст джерелаRaynal, Caroline. "Frottement avec glissement de polymères fondus : filières à haute et basse énergie de surface." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10002.
Повний текст джерелаGoutille, Yannick. "Contribution à l'étude de l'origine de la rupture d'extrudat des polymères fondus : effets d'une filtration à l'entrée des filières d'extrusion." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4014.
Повний текст джерелаTwo linear and star-branched statistic styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymers are extruded. The succession and evolution of the different flow defects are clearly identified. The influence of extrusion parameters on defects (flow rate, temperature, die entrance angle, surface roughness of the die entrance) is investigated. . . [etc. ]
Santanach, Carreras Enric. "Stabilité en extrusion des polymères fondus : effets de la pression et de la structure des copolymères triblocs de type ABA." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011316.
Повний текст джерелаLa présente thèse a pour objectif de mieux connaître l'influence des paramètres de pression et contrainte sur les propriétés des polymères et la stabilité de leurs écoulements, et ce en relation avec leur structure mésoscopique.
Les effets de la pression ont été étudiés sur quatre polyéthylènes (PE) de structures différentes. D'abord, les conditions expérimentales précises ont été définies pour isoler les effets de la pression des effets de la température et pour différencier les écoulements stables ou instables. Nos résultats montrent que les effets de la pression sont les mêmes en cisaillement et en élongation, sauf pour l'un des PE où ils sont 30% supérieurs en cisaillement. En outre, c'est un critère de contrainte critique qui caractérise l'apparitions des instabilités viscoélastiques quelle que soit la pression moyenne.
Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, trois copolymères de la famille des SEBS montrant une séparation de phase aux échelles nanoscopiques ont été considérés. L'étude des défauts macroscopiques d'extrusion, et de la propagation de fissures surfaciques, de ces copolymères à blocs a permis d'identifier l'origine du défaut dit de « refente d'extrudat » ainsi qu'un nouveau régime d'extrusion : le « pelage continu ». Ces défauts ont été mis en relation avec la structure mésoscopique par des essais de diffusion de rayons-X aux petits angles.
Authelin, Olivier. "Méthodologie de préparation à la fabrication de composants de grandes dimensions à partir de matériaux polymères thermoplastiques fondus." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0006.
Повний текст джерелаLarge-sized additively manufactured components made of thermoplastic polymer materials has experienced significant growth since the 2010s, the arrival of innovative materials having made possible to achieve a leap forward in terms of intrinsic mechanical properties. Large-scale demonstrators manufacturing, developed within the scientific literature, has highlighted therelevance of this process for the realization of structural (sports equipments, pedestrian bridges) and non-structural (large-dimension molds and tools) applications. Indeed, the advantages of this process are numerous, such as for example personalized components manufacturing or costs and lead times reduction. However, large-scale demonstrators manufacturing scientific obstacles resulting from state-of-the-art analysis emerges:- “trial - error - correction” procedure is costly in time, resources and money. There is no consensus on a generic method that allows large components manufacturing preparation;- issues concerning toolpaths generation in order to comply with specifications and the choice of a suitable manufacturing means must be resolved. Within the framework of this manuscript is developed a preparation methodology for large-sized components manufacturing made from fused thermoplastic polymer materials. It offers preparation for generic manufacturing, based on a set of process specific rules integrating the consideration of the previously mentioned issues. The steps of the methodology are processed chronologically in each chapter of the manuscript in which the specific issues and the solutions put in place to resolve them are explained. A research axis dedicated to components reinforcement from continuous fibers reinforced materials in order to overcome mechanical properties anisotropy, inherent in additive processes based on fused thermoplastic polymer materials is notably developed. Finally, large-scale demonstrators manufacturing makes it possible to highlight the methodology relevance but also the perspectives that can be brought to it
Domenech, Trystan. "Structure et propriétés de nanocomposites polypropylène/argile lamellaire préparés par mélange à l'état fondu." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00684786.
Повний текст джерелаAdragna, Laurent. "Mise en oeuvre réactive des polymères : étude et modélisation de la dispersion en mélangeur interne d'un liquide peu visqueux dans un polymère fondu." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/55/96/PDF/These_ADRAGNA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to build a model allowing the representation of the mixing phenomenon between two fluids having very different viscosities in an internal mixer, typically a cold plasticizer and a hot molten polymer. Experiments have been carried out through two different systems: ε-caprolactone with polycarbonate and polyamide 6. 6 with N-butylbenzenesufonamide, under different operating conditions. Then, we present a dynamic model based on a simplified view of the flow and on mass, energy and momentum balances. As far as the mass transfer is concerned, we consider simultaneously the mechanical action of the rotors and the diffusive process. Heat transfer has to be considered because of the important temperature difference between the two components and the viscous dissipation. Finally, a momentum balance allows us to calculate the velocity profile and the torque time evolution by considering that the viscosity is concentration and temperature dependant. A study on parametric sensibility has been done to measure the influence of parameters on physical data simulated. Simulation results will show a good agreement between the model and experiments
Ditta, Alexis. "Effets de l’incorporation de nanocharges sur les propriétés viscoélastiques et la stabilité thermique du polyoxyméthylène." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2048.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to improve the creep resistance of the polyoxymethylene (POM), the effect of organoclay incorporation by melt polymer intercalation has been studied. Even if some of the organoclays tested efficiently improved the POM mechanical properties, adding of 5 %w of these nanoparticles led to a significant decrease of its thermal stability. The study of the degradation by infrared spectrometry (in attenuated total reflectance mode) combined with the quantitative analysis of the organoclays surface chemistry showed that Brønsted acidic sites cause the elimination of acetyloxy end-capped group of POM macromolecules, and as a consequence to a depolymerization reaction. The induction of this degradation mechanism by the nanoparticles leads to a degradation ten times faster than the unfilled POM. Lewis acid sites featured on the nanoparticles surface accelerates the classical degradation process of end-capped POM by statistical chain scission followed by depolymerization of unstable species generated. Eventually, dispersing 4 %w of fumed silica nanoparticles (deprived of any acidic sites after a surface modification with hexamethyldisilazane) into POM allows a 20% increase of the modulus and a creep improvement of about 200 hours at 90°C, by restraining the macromolecules mobility
Herbinet, Romuald. "Plastification et extension de chaîne du poly(acide lactique) par extrusion réactive." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2001.
Повний текст джерелаMobile-based transactions have driven growing attention for the past few years. This thesis focuses on mobile-based transaction systems which are managed by a mobile network operator. In such a context, transactions are carried out with electronic money emitted by the operator by the subscribers of the service only. This thesis addresses the problem of securing such services. We propose an architecture which achieves end-to-end security between the payment platform and the payment application in the mobile device. Is is based on a Secure Element (SE) and a Trusted Execution Environment. Several types of transactions were considered such as payments or transfers as well as different modes based on the connection availability of the various actors. The protocols proposed were formally verified. Their performances were also taken into account. Several classification algorithms were compared to be adapted to the fraud detection problem in mobile-based systems. To achieve this, the payment platform and the user's behavior were modeled to create a synthetic data generator. The latter is preliminarily validated in the thesis. The originality of this simulator is that it is based on data from an existing system
Belkhir, Kedafi. "Elaboration en phase fondue de matériaux polymères à activité biologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to develop polymers that combine controlled macromolecular architectures, functionality, melt processing and an environmentally friendly aspect. The obtained polymeric structures were based on biodegradable and/or biosourced chains of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The lasts were assembled in branched macromolecular structures with controlled design and bearing thiol functions, these functions allowed the grafting of quaternary ammoniumcontaining monomers on the branched structures according to a thiol-ene radical addition mechanism. The final products were blended with neat matrices of PLA and PCL in the melt state, by extrusion process, to make polymeric films. The obtained film-shaped blends were subjected to antibacterial activity study showing there high efficiency against different types of bacteria
Grillard, Fabienne. "Structure et propriétés de fibres composites polymère-nanotubes de carbone obtenues par voie fondu." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14577/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis reports the study of the properties and structure of carbon nanotube / polymercomposite fibers obtained by melt spinning. By contrast to most fibers produced by thistechnology, the fibers produced in this thesis are electrically conductive. The conductivityproperties are studied as a function of various parameters including temperature andmechanical stress. It is shown that fiber drawing induced by the process leads to a relativetranslation of the nanotubes relative to each other and to a loss of electrical contacts. Ananalytical model accounts for this phenomenon and reproduces the experimental results.Polymer-nanotube fibers exhibit also particularly original thermomechanical properties suchas shape memory effects that are controllable by the programming process. Surprisingly, thefibers have a temperature memory reflected by a peak of the generated stress at thetemperature at which the materials has been programmed. These effects have beendemonstrated for various types of deformations including elongation and torsion. Althoughthese effects are governed by the properties of the polymer, it is shown that the introductionof nanotubes provides significant improvements of the thermomechanical properties
Dadouche, Tarek. "Intérêt des polyesters biosourcés à structure macromoléculaire complexe pour le développement de mélanges à morphologie (nano)fibrillaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10170.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is globally included in a general context of the elaboration of biobased polymers as an alternative to the traditional fossil polymers. In a first step, structural and rheological modifications of the biobased polyesters were carried out by reactive extrusion in order to improve their melt viscosity/elasticity. It has been found that the addition of 1% wt of Joncryl to a biobased polyester makes it possible to improve its elasticity and its elongational behavior. In a second step, the strategy of modifying biobased polymers by melt blend was studied to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during the process of extrusion and injection of a polylactic acid/polyamide blend (PLA / PA). Increasing the elasticity of the matrix (PLA) by reactive extrusion, it was possible to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during extrusion and injection. Through this study, the critical shear rate related to the nodule-fibril transition was determined and the results were in good agreement with the Ca/Ca(crit)≥4 fibrillation condition. Finally, a last section was devoted to the development of biobased polymer blends with a nano(fibrillar) morphology by film blowing process. The rheological parameters controlling the evolution of the morphology were studied in the case of extensional flow using poly(butylene succinate-coadipate)/polyamide 11 (PBSA/PA11) blends. It has been shown that the nodule-fibril transition is purely related to the extensional flow applied at the die exit of the extruder and, the maintenance of the strain hardening of the PBSA matrix depends on the development of the PA11 fibrils under extensional flow
Bahloul, Walid. "Génération in situ de dioxyde de titane par réactions d’hydrolysecondensations dans une matrice polymère fondu." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10124/document.
Повний текст джерелаPolypropylene/Titanium dioxide (PP/TiO2) nanocomposites were prepared from an original method based on the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of titanium alkoxide inorganic precursor premixed with PP under molten conditions. The synthesis is based on sol-gel method without solvent through extrusion process. A second treatment in hot water was applied in order to improve final conversion degree. First, hydrolysis-condensation reactions of titanium n-butoxide precursor were studied in model medium. Based on a kinetic equation carried out in the model medium, then the synthesis of titanium dioxide particles was transposed and modelled in polypropylene medium with high molar mass. Chemical, structural and morphological analyses highlight the in situ synthesis of bactericides PP/TiO2 nanocomposites andpresenting a particular morphological and rheological behaviour
Seck, Serigne. "Elaboration de matériaux hybrides organiques / inorganiques par extrusion réactive : Application en pile à combustible." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0027.
Повний текст джерелаFuel cells technologies are electrochemical energy conversion devices and have a real potential to revolutionize the way to produce energy, offering cleaner, more-efficient alternatives to combustion of gasoline and other fossil fuels. In that way, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are probably the most studied. Those fuel cells are mainly based on perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, such as Nafion®. However, Nafion® membranes, present some limitations such as dehydration at high temperatures or at low relative humidity rate leading to a decrease of proton conductivity and thus poor PEMFC performance. Consequently, PEMFC require significant improvements prior to be largely used in the automobile field. Research efforts have been oriented on the development of new materials for the PEMFC membrane as it is the main limitative component for high temperature fuel cell. In the present contribution, we wish to report the validation of a new concept of hybrid materials for the realization of proton exchange membranes. The originality of this hybrid concept is based on the contribution of both phases’ specific properties. We investigated the preparation of hybrid materials based on an inert polymer matrix (low cost) providing the mechanical stability embedding inorganic phase providing the necessary properties of proton-conduction and water retention. Hybrid nanocomposite membranes were synthesized using evaporation and recasting technique from solution containing dispersion of inorganic particles in the adequate polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for membrane morphology and proton conductivity results using impedance measurements from hybrid membranes will be presented. The performance of the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) using the hybrid membrane was also evaluated by a fuel cell test. Finally, we wish to present a promising way of research based on Sol-Gel approach to generate a proton-conducting inorganic phase into the polymer matrix
Yan, Xiang. "Design of biphasic polymeric fiber from melt-spinning charged with nanoparticles : effects of the formulation and the fillers localization, to obtain a functionalized fiber at surface level." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I084.
Повний текст джерелаThe work aims to make the functional porous polypropylene (PP) fibers as well as PP microfibers, by the melt spinning of PP-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends followed with the selective phase extraction of PVA. The objective is to first find out the optimal ratio of PP and PVA for fabrication of multifilament yarns by melt spinning, and to localize the filler at the biphasic interface. The fillers include not only the homogenously modified silica nanoparticles, but also the kaolinite Janus particles. The concomitant morphology evolution of the extrudates and fibers were observed. The work mainly discusses about the fabrication of porous fibers, but also makes an exploratory experiment to reverse the ratio to fabricate the microfibers. It was found that the ratio of two polymers as 70 wt.%/30 wt.% is an ideal formula for fabricating the porous fibers. Both of the two fillers are successfully tailored at the biphasic interface. The localization of silica nanoparticles within the biphasic can be fixed by the thermodynamic control, and one of the sorts has been dominantly localized at the biphasic interface. In addition, the Janus particles provide an alternative way to have the interface localization, which even helps the mechanical enhancement. The feasibility of microfiber production with the embedment of the fillers was also demonstrated
Javadi, Toghchi Marzieh. "Vêtement de protection pour femmes enceintes contre les rayonnements non ionisants utilisant un écran électromagnétique en textile, issu de fils hybrides électroconducteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I028.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the increasing concern of health issues urged by human exposure to radiation, textiles have been massively considered in the application of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Electrically conductive materials produce and transport free charges which result in shielding behaviour. Thus the first generation of shielding materials has been made of metallic yarns and composites due to the high electrical conductivity of metals. However, these products suffer from poor washability and uncomfortability in place of textile wearable applications. In this study, a polymer-based conductive monofilament is developed and introduced for making personal wearable protection devices with the purpose of declining the limitations of the traditional shielding fabrics containing metal yarns. Hence, the main contribution of this study is the formulation, production, and characterization of conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) monofilaments and the integration of the developed monofilaments into the woven fabrics intended for protecting pregnant women and their fetuses against the detrimental effects of the electromagnetic waves in the human living environment. To begin with, the effects of the structural parameters of woven fabrics (e.g. weave structures, density of the conductive yarns, and waviness degree of the yarns) were studied on the EMSE behaviour. The results suggested that changing the position of conductive yarns by changing the structural parameters such as waviness degree played a significant role in the EMSE of the woven variants. Specifically, increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to the increase of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the 3D warp interlock woven variants. At this point, the CPC monofilaments were produced containing multiwall carbon nanotube and carbon black incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer (PA6,6) using a melt mixing process and the morphological, electrical, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the PA6,6-based nanocomposite monofilament was improved thanks to the synergism between the carbon nanofillers. In addition, the viscosity was in the standard range for the melt extrusion process. The developed monofilament was lightweight, corrosion-resistant and the manufacturing process was very well established in comparison with metal yarns due to the fact that extrusion is an adaptable and cost-effective method for thermoplastic polymers. The developed nanocomposite monofilament was integrated into the woven fabric structures and the EMSE of the manufactured woven fabrics was evaluated in the frequency range of 1-10 GHz. The results revealed that the shielding of the fabrics weaved using the developed monofilament was promising for personal protection (EMSE≥10dB). Also, incorporating the monofilaments with higher conductivity or applying a bigger density of conductive monofilaments in the fabric structure led to better attenuation. Moreover, since the ultimate goal of this research is to shield both mother and fetus against the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves, a parametric graphical method was employed to develop a 3D adaptive mannequin based on weight gain trend during pregnancy. Lastly, the mannequin was applied to design a block pattern for personalized garment making with the manufactured EMSE woven fabrics
Benallal, Ahmed. "Polymères fondus aux interfaces : études rhéologiques." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3002.
Повний текст джерелаGinoux, Geoffrey. "Impression 3D et nanocomposites : Étude du comportement de mélanges PLA/argile appliquée à la fabrication additive par extrusion de matériaux." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS016/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdditive manufacturing process is a preparation for the forming of a workpiece by the addition of material, by stacking successive layers. Although more and more polymers can be implemented by this technology, the filled polymers are practically absent, so they are widely used in other types of shaping methods. The scientific and technological objectives of the project are (i) a better understanding of the relationship between the rheological behavior of polymer systems and their ability to shaping by additive manufacturing technologies FDM, (ii) the development of polymer-based formulations biosourced adapted to these technologies and providing multifunctionality. The first goal will require first of all to identify the conditions (temperature, velocity gradients, nature constraints ...) imposed by the processes considered then to implement and / or adapt the means of characterization of the rheological behavior of polymer systems under these conditions. The rheological behavior in shear but also in elongation may be considered. It should in particular identify the necessary compromise between behavior adapted to the flow at the die or nozzle and meltability and consolidation layer by layer. Finally, the effect of different ways of functionalization considered on the rheological and thermal behavior and thus on the ability to formatting will be analyzed. In order to adapt the bio-sourced polymers for a wide range of applications, various routes of functionalization will be considered based on compounding with particulate fillers
Frey, Stephan. "Propriétés viscoélastques des fondus de polymères vitrifiables." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759029.
Повний текст джерелаFrey, Stephan. "Propriétés viscoélastqiues des fondus de polymères vitrifiables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE008/document.
Повний текст джерелаPolymer melts show a remarkable increase of their viscosity by many orders of magnitude on approaching the glass transition. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper insight into the viscoelastic properties of glass forming polymer melts. The polymers are modeled as flexible chains using a bead-spring model. The dynamic properties are analyzed in the framework of the ideal mode-coupling theory. We find that the critical temperature of the ideal mode-coupling theory scales with the reciprocal chain length. By studying the shear relaxation function we find that the polymer relaxation processes are not altered but shifted to later times in the approach of the glass transition
Selaries-Grondin, Sylvie. "Capteurs photophysiques pour l'étude de polymères fondus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL023N.
Повний текст джерелаLabouriau, Andréa. "Elasticité temporaire des polymères fondus : approche RMN." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10104.
Повний текст джерелаSchach, Régis. "Structure et propriétés mécaniques d'interfaces entre polymères fondus." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149339.
Повний текст джерелаNous avons déterminé les mécanismes de formation et de rupture d'interfaces entre deux polymères identiques de masse moléculaire et microstructure contrôlées. Nous avons ainsi développé une méthode de mesure de l'adhérence adaptée aux polymères fondus.
En utilisant cette méthode, nous avons comparé les mesures d'adhérence entre polymères immiscibles à l'équilibre thermodynamique et l'épaisseur de l'interface caractérisée par réflectivité des neutrons. Nous avons montré clairement que le paramètre de Flory pilote le degré d'adhérence entre deux polymères fondus immiscibles.
Cette corrélation entre interdiffusion et adhésion nous a finalement permis d'étudier la cinétique de diffusion mutuelle de ces polymères à partir des cinétiques de montée en adhésion et de prouver expérimentalement que cette cinétique est fortement ralentie par l'immiscibilité des polymères.
Akkoyun, Serife. "Rhéologie de polymères fondus dans des entrefers micrométriques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe rheological behavior of polymer melts in microscale geometries is not really understood yet. In such processes which involve gaps thinner than 100µm (e.g. micro-injection molding), the material behaves differently compared to macroscopic flows. Besides, most polymer processing techniques involve pressure flows and only very few studies can be found about pressure flows in such thin geometries. The aim of this study was, first, to develop an experimental method which can provide relevant data about the rheological behavior of polymer melts in pressure flow taking place in microscale geometries. In order to get better descriptions of the physics involved in such flows, numerical simulation with commercial and home-made softwares was also implemented, especially with molecular dynamics constitutive models. Thus, a modular rheometrical slit die equipped with pressure and temperature transducers was designed to be adapted to a capillary rheometer, with different gap dimensions available, between 50µm and 200µm. The device was assessed by comparing to usual rheological ones, and wall slip was investigated according to Mooney’s method. Then, simulation of the flow was performed with POLYFLOW®. The pressure effect on the geometry and on the polymer material was investigated. Besides, simulation was also conducted with MATLAB® by implementing the Doi-Edwards’ tube model (reptation theory) and the Molecular Stress Function concept of Wagner to take into account the enhanced orientation of the molecules due to the very close vicinity of the die walls. Experimental results were compared to calculations, and the discussion of the discrepancies was supported by POLYFLOW® simulations. The conclusions somewhat modify the prospects for future studies of such flows
Aubry, Carole. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de structures textiles multifonctionnelles contenant des nanotubes de carbone : application aux capteurs chimiques pour la détection de solvants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10153/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is performed through the European project Inteltex. The aim is to develop new textile structures for the solvent detection. The use of CPC (Conductive Polymer Composite) composed of an insulating polymer matrix and conductive fillers, allows to detect the solvent presence by the swelling of the polymer that induces the conductive network deconnexion and the decrease of the electrical conductivity. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as conductive fillers is a biggest advantage because only a low content is necessary to achieve the appropriate electrical conductivity for sensing (10-3 S/m). The different sensitive and spinnable matrices are polycarbonate (PC), polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The percolation threshold of CNT in 1.5 mm diameter monofilament, produced by extrusion, is determined between 1.5 and 2 wt.% of CNT. The elaboration of multifilament yarns by melt spinning process show a decrease of the conductivity with the drawing effect. In order to maintain the electrical properties, PLA fibers containing at least 4 % of CNT and having a minimum diameter of 80 µm have to be produced. In this way it is necessary to introduce a plasticizer to improve the composites spinnability. The electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological properties and fluidity of filaments were studied depending on the processing conditions and their composition. Composite fibers, close the percolation threshold, show sensitivity to humidity, ethanol and toluene
Vergnes, Bruno. "Calcul des écoulements de polymères fondus dans les filières d'extrusion." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4039.
Повний текст джерелаMezghani, Abderrazak. "Interface polymère-paroi et stabilité des écoulements de polymères fondus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10096.
Повний текст джерелаLacaze, Jean-Marc. "Rheologie élongationnelle des polymères fondus. : Modèles de comportement de réseaux temporaires." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3001.
Повний текст джерелаUhalte, Nogues Sira. "Contribution à l’analyse des écoulements de polymères fondus en parois minces." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10131.
Повний текст джерелаReducing the wall thickness of the injection moulded polymeric parts meets requirements of lightness, productivity and sustainable development. This may induce poor quality of the final product and issues during processing. Those effects are due to the mechanisms taking place at the polymer/tool which prevail during the flow. Processing optimization requires a better understanding of these local mechanisms and effective technical solutions to facilitate the polymer flow. An original experimental device for online capillary rheometry has been developed, in which very high shear rates, characteristic of the injection moulding process, can be achieved. This device, combined with that data from more traditional rheological characterization allows to evaluate different solutions for improving the injection moulding of a low density polyethylene in thin walls (molecular weight reduction, slip agents, nanoparticles intended for increasing the rigidity of the final part). The isothermal rheological investigation have shown the inefficiency of the lubricating agents considered for this study and the limited potential of the reduction of polymer molecular weight. Nevertheless, it highlighted the interest of adding nanoparticles to the injected polymer to assure an improvement of the mechanical properties and for varying the flow property in thin walls. The validation of this method on industrial injected parts (anisothermal mode) offered some finer conclusions. In particular, the use of nanocomposites based on low molecular weight polymers seems more relevant, in particular due to a concentration mechanism of the nanoparticles in the fluid vein
Batchi, Macaire. "Contribution à l'étude des lois de comportement applicables aux polymères fondus." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT008H.
Повний текст джерелаHénot, Marceau. "Glissement de polymères liquides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS194/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this work was to identify the molecular mechanisms governing the friction of a polymeric liquid on a solid surface by studying the deviation from the no-slip boundary condition.First, we developed a new method of measurement of slip of a polymeric liquid based on the observation under shear of a pattern photobleached in a fluorescent fluid. This method, which is an evolution of one already used in the group, give a direct access to the displacement field of the liquid under shear. Using this setup, we studied experimentally the effect of the chemical nature of the surface, of the liquid viscosity and of the temperature on the slip of polymer melt (T>Tg). It appeared that the slip effect is governed by the viscosity of the liquid and a friction coefficient which depends only on the chemical natures of the liquid and the surface. In particular this coefficient is the same for a melt and for an elastomer made of the same polymer. The temperature dependence of this effect is characterized by the difference of activation energy of viscosity of the liquid and of the friction on the solid surface that both are activated processes. We also studied the case of concentrated polymer solutions for which the molecular mechanism of friction differs. Indeed we showed that the friction coefficient is no longer a local quantity and depends on the concentration. Finally, we investigated the evolution over time of the slip transition of polymer melts and solutions which is due to the adsorption of polymer chains on the solid walls
Alvarez, Alejandro Gonzalez. "Comportement élongationnel et cristallisation sous écoulement des polymères en solution ou fondus." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0076.
Повний текст джерелаNoe, Isabelle. "Etude des écoulements de polymères dans une extrudeuse bivis corotative." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0305.
Повний текст джерелаChabert, France. "Élaboration par extrusion de membranes polymères pour piles à combustible." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0132.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of these studies was to process membranes by extrusion to be used in fuel cells. The functional polymers used are generally processed by polluting techniques like casting-evaporation, which are not easily transposable on industrial scale. Extrusion is a widely used shaping operation in the polymer processing industry. However, extrusion had not been used until now for arylsulfonic ionic polymers. In order to avoid any risk of degradation of the polymer during extrusion, it was necessary to define the best processing conditions. On one hand, the physicochemical characterization of the polysulfones (commercial) and sulfonated polysulfones (or synthesized by the project partners), were performed by determining their molecular weights and their thermal transitions. On the order hand, their flow behaviour was characterized over a wide range of temperatures and shearing rates using rheometric techniques. The combination of these two characterizations allowed to define the appropriate extrusion conditions. For the extruded films, the conductivities, measured by impedance spectroscopy were found to be similar with those of the membranes processed by casting-evaporation and close to those of Nafion® membranes. In addition, the incorporation of a proton-conducting filler and reinforcing fibres was also considered and the extrusion of these composite materials was validated. This work could be extended to other proton-conducting polymers, like polyetherethercetones and polyetherimides, whose membranes produced by casting-evaporation have already shown their performances in the fuel cells
Colbeaux, Aimeline. "Compatibilisation de mélanges polypropylènes / polyéthylène par extrusion réactive." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0058/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLanfray, Yvan. "Rhéologie des polymères fondus en déformation élongationnelle uniaxiale : Rôle des caractéristiques moléculaires sur le désenchevêtrement." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3014.
Повний текст джерелаMnekbi, Djebali Cheima. "Rhéologie des polymères fondus à hauts taux de cisaillement : application à la microinjection." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820185.
Повний текст джерелаMassey, Gilles. "Etude expérimentale du glissement de polymères fondus sous cisaillement à une interface solide." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066160.
Повний текст джерелаBahloul, Walid. "Génération in situ de dioxyde de titane par réactions d'hydrolysecondensations dans une matrice polymère fondu." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809476.
Повний текст джерелаChaput, Sandrine. "Relation rhéologie-morphologie dans les mélanges de polymères chargés : Application à l'extrusion de films pour supercapacités." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4020.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on active carbon dispersed in a immiscible polymer blend. The purpose of this study is to build up, in a twin screw extruder, a material with a co-continuous morphology and with a selective localization of the active carbon in one phase, composed of two populations of chains. The approach followed in this study is divided into several parts. Firstly, only the active carbon-highly filled phase was studied as a function of the long chain fraction. On the one hand, dynamic spectrometry allowed to establish a relation between the plateau modulus, due to the presence of active carbon, and the quality of the dispersion. On the other hand, physico-chemical characterizations have completed conclusions about the nature of polymeric chains fixed on the active carbon. Then, the morphology, and especially the co-continuity domain, of the immiscible polymer blends, without filler, was determined by several methods of characterization. The effect of the viscosity ratio on the blend morphology was especially investigated. Finally, the structure of the immiscible polymer blends filled with active carbon (co-continuity window and localization of the filler) was determined. The influence of the experimental conditions on the morphology of the blends has also been investigated. The process consists in three steps : twin screw extrusion, single screw extrusion and calendering. The influence of each step on the morphology of the final material has been analysed. Especially, the screw configuration used in the twin screw extruder has been investigated by comparing two configurations whose dispersive action on the blend is not located in the same zones
Chaidron, Guillaume. "Étude numérique des écoulements en contraction : application à la rhéologie élongationnelle des polymères fondus." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0427.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of the present work is the design of an equipment for dedicated to the measurment of the elongational viscosity of a fluid, and particularly for polymer melts. For this purpose, we have studied first contraction and recirculating flows of complex fluids. The first chapter is a brief presentation of some real fluids and their rheological properties, fluid models (empirical,macroscopical or microscopical ones) and numerical methods to deal with the flow of scuch models fluids. Finally, the state of the art of the flow of real viscoelastic fluids through contractions is discussed. The second chapter gives a description of numerical method to solve convection equations in steaday recirculating flows. This method can then be applied to solve viscoelastic model equations, as introduced in chapter 1, for flows in a recirculating area like vortices area which may exist in the corners of abrupt contraction. The third chapter discuss different analysis of contraction flows. It presents a criteria to characterise the flow behavior and a family of quasi-Newtonian models. The lubrification hypothesis is then applied to these models and to a specific convergent flow geometry. A simplified approach of the solution of the flow of a viscoelastic fluid through contractions is the obtained. The last chapter describes the optimisation process of a convergent die for the measurment of the elongational viscosity of polymer melts. The measurements are made with two low density polyethylene melts. Different methods mehods for the evaluation of the elongational viscosity from the pressure drop meausurments obtained with this die are discussed
Silagy, David. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du procédé d'extrusion de film à plat de polymère." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0724.
Повний текст джерелаBeaufils, Pascal. "Etude des défauts d'extrusion de polyethylènes linéaires : approche expérimentale et modélisation des écoulements." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0171.
Повний текст джерелаRakotonirina, Mamy Daniel. "Modification chimique de polymères par des dérivés acyloxyimides en extrusion réactive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0299.
Повний текст джерелаPost-functionalization is a technique which allows to introduce specific properties to polymers whose intrinsic characteristics are limited for a defined application. It has become an appropriate tool to answer the strong demand for performance materials that is constantly growing. Among the post-functionalization methods, one of the most exploited is the radical grafting of the polymers in the molten state by reactive extrusion (T> 160 ° C). In this type of process, a radical precursor called grafting agent is used to graft functional units (monomers) onto the polymer backbone. In this context, the conventional grafting agents used in extrusion are peroxides. However, the radicals generated by peroxide compounds often lead to side reactions, particularly crosslinking reactions of the polymer chains which limit the efficiency of the process. Thus, finding a new family of grafting agents remains a challenge to optimize these extrusion systems. In this research work, the main objective is to use new grafting agents based on acetoxyphthalimide (NAPI) for extrusion. To reach this goal, our strategy is based on a multidisciplinary approach which presents a theoretical study by chemical modeling and an experimental approach by the synthesis and the reactivity study of the targeted structures. To validate the concept, polyethylene, polyamide and polylactic acid post-functionalization tests through these new grafting agents have been carried out. The results obtained have shown that these NAPI derivatives are efficient to graft monomers and to reduce the crosslinking reaction compared to peroxide agents
Sahyoun, Jihane. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux polymères ignifugeants par la voie extrusion réactive." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10360/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this work is the development of new fire retardant, eco-friendly, engineering composites, with the incorporation of a low load of fillers in order to maintain the physical and mechanical properties. The study is based on the in situ generation of functionalized inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix during the melt extrusion process by hydrolysis-condensation reactions of alkoxysilane precursors. Morphological and chemical characterization revealed the formation of these composites. Fire tests data showed a significant modification in the fire behaviour of the materials with the addition of the silico-phosphorylated fillers, which proves the interest of dispersing the fire retardant functions by this novel approach. An opening on nitrogen systems was also highlighted. The fire performance evaluated using a microcalorimeter and a combustion cone calorimeter was also used to compare phosphorus compounds introduced by the additive approach and the silico-phosphorylated filler generated in situ the molten copolymer
Guerrault, Xavier. "Simulation moléculaire de fondus de polymères par la méthode de la "Dynamique des particules dissipatives"." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112217.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the modelisation and the simulation of Polyethylene (PE) and 1,4cis-Polybutadiene (cis-PB) melts at mesoscale using the “Dissipative Particle Dynamics” (DPD) method. Polymers are represented as chains of beads each one regrouping (called the coarse-graining level) monomers and subjected to the conservative, dissipative, and random DPD forces. First, a set of parameters for the PE and cis-PB effective conservative interactions is established for several from microscopic Monte Carlo simulations and using the mean-force potential concept. Scaling laws of the Rouse regime are recovered for all chain lengths. Results for the structural quantities are in good agreement with experimental data and detailed microscopic simulations. It is even observed a global (independent of the coarse-graining level) scaling law for the evolution of the root mean square end to end distance with the length of the underlying microscopic chain. Then, the parameters of the dissipative force are adjusted for PE, enabling the comparison between dynamical properties at micro and mesoscale. No transition from the Rouse to reptation regime, related to the existence of entanglements, is observed here. This is due to the fact that the potentials used are (and have to be) too weakly repulsive. To overcome this problem, a “non-crossing” algorithm is implemented to artificially re-introduce entanglements, leading for the moment only, to a slowing down of the dynamics