Дисертації з теми "Extreme floods in Bangladesh"
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Hofer, Thomas. "Floods in Bangladesh : a highland-lowland interactions ? /." Berne : University of Berne Institute of Geography, 1998. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Повний текст джерелаMelone, Anthony Michael. "Extreme floods in the Pacific coastal region." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27143.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Khondaker, Mohammad S. "Perception of and response to floods in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277489.
Повний текст джерелаCook, Brian Robert. "Knowledges, controversies and floods : national-scale flood management in Bangladesh." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/371/.
Повний текст джерелаStolle, Jacob. "Debris Hazard Assessment in Extreme Flooding Events." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39621.
Повний текст джерелаJahan, Shafkat. "Assessment of flood-related mental illness in Bangladesh." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86511/8/Shafkat_Jahan_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEljabri, Sumaya Saleh M. "New statistical models for extreme values." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/new-statistical-models-for-extreme-values(12e1ec08-dc66-4f20-a7dc-c89be62421a0).html.
Повний текст джерелаSuyanto, Adhi. "Estimating the exceedance probabilities of extreme floods using stochastic storm transportation and rainfall - runoff modelling." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386794.
Повний текст джерелаIslam, Md Faridul. "An investigation into the relationship between tourism development and extreme poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70465.
Повний текст джерелаKamwi, Innocent Silibelo. "Fitting extreme value distributions to the Zambezi river flood water levels recorded at Katima Mulilo in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаWooten, Rebecca Dyanne. "Statistical environmental models : hurricanes, lightning, rainfall, floods, red tide and volcanoes." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001824.
Повний текст джерелаCordero, Mera Andrea Estefania. "Reservoir influences on droughts and floods characteristics in the Piedmont Region, Italy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаHossain, Md Zakir. "Pro-poor urban adaptation to climate change in Bangladesh : a study of urban extreme poverty, vulnerability and asset adaption." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2779.
Повний текст джерелаGiampieri, Mario A. (Mario Andreś). "Vulnerability of What? Vulnerability of Whom? : evaluating and communicating vulnerability to extreme floods in Houston, TX using a novel web-based platform." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118071.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-88).
The global climate is changing and these changes will continue to have adverse effects on cities and their residents. Coastal cities in particular, which contain the majority of the global urban population, are becoming increasingly sensitive to changing climactic conditions. The particularly devastating extreme storm season experienced in 2017-18 on the east coast of the United States (including storms Harvey, Irma, Maria, and four nor'easters on the mid-Atlantic coast) has intensified discussion regarding the preparation for, response to, and communication of risk and vulnerabilities related to extreme weather events. Risk is a function of the probability of experiencing a hazard event and the vulnerability of the system in question. Vulnerability to extreme weather events is the susceptibility of a system to internal or external stressors, exposure to those stressors, and the capacity of that system to adapt or respond to that extreme event. These concepts are understood in terms of social, economic, environmental, infrastructural, institutional, and built environment systems, and the focus of policymakers and stakeholders is often split between these domains. Furthermore, responses to vulnerability of any one categorical domain is potentially incongruous with responses to other domains. The modes by which this information is presented to decision-makers often either preferences single domains of interest or obscures the degree to which individual categories influence overall measures of vulnerability. Similarly, this information is often spatialized and presented in a planimetric view which is at times at odds with the conditions experienced on the ground before, during, and after an extreme event. This project begins with a review of relevant literature exploring definitions and measures of vulnerability to extreme flood events, identifying gaps in existing categorical domain combinations and opportunities for the application of a novel method of synthesis for Houston, Texas, a city hit by three 500-year storms in as many years and in the process of updating building codes, flood zone designations, and precipitation estimates. This method is then applied using established statistical tools to create vulnerability scores for social and built environment systems. The result of this analysis is presented in a novel way using web-based technologies that transcend the strictly-planimetric view of the city. This method blends traditional cartographic techniques with perspective, elevation, and diagrammatic representation methods, as well as collected images, to contextualize estimated vulnerability. The resultant web tool is available online at houstonbetweenthelines.com.
by Mario A. Giampieri.
M.C.P.
De, Waal Jan Hofmeyr. "Extreme rainfall distributions : analysing change in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71654.
Повний текст джерелаSevere floods in the Western Cape have caused significant damage to hydraulic structures, roads and other infrastructure over the past decade. The current design criteria for these structures and flood return level calculations are based on the concept of stationarity, which assumes that natural systems vary within an envelope of variability that does not change with time. In the context of regional climate change and projected changes in rainfall intensity, the basis for these calculations may become unrealistic with the passage of time. Hydraulic structures and other infrastructure may become more vulnerable to damaging floods because of changing hydroclimatic conditions. This project assesses the changes in extreme rainfall values over time across the Western Cape, South Africa. Using a Generalised Pareto Distribution, this study examines the changes in return levels across the Western Cape region for the periods 1900-1954 and 1955-2010. Of the 137 rainfall stations used in this research, 85 (62%) showed an increase in 50-year return level, 30 (22%) a decrease in 50-year return level and 22 (16%) stations displayed little change in rainfall intensity over time. While there were no clear spatial patterns to the results, they clearly indicate an increase in frequency of intense rainfalls in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st century. The changes in return level are also accompanied by a change in the frequency of high intensity 2-3 day long storms. 115 (84%) of the 137 rainfall stations showed an increase in the frequency of long duration, high intensity storms over the data record. This change generates a shifting risk profile of extreme rainfalls, which, in turn, creates challenges for the design of hydraulic structures and any infrastructure exposed to the resulting damaging floods. It can therefore be argued that it is inappropriate to design structures or manage water resources assuming stationarity of climate and that these principles should be assessed in order to reduce the risk of flood damage owing to increasing storm intensity. KEY WORDS Flood Risk, Stationarity, Disaster Risk, Hazard, Extreme Rainfall, Generalized Pareto Distribution, Climate
Colmet-Daage, Antoine. "Les impacts du changement climatique sur les pluies et les inondations extrêmes de bassins versants méso-échelles méditerranéens." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG020/document.
Повний текст джерелаNorthern mediterranean meso-scale river catchments are submitted to extremes floods events linked to intense convective precipitation and local hydrologic features. The Mediterranean region is known to be one of the most affected areas by global warming, and it is likely that changes can be expected in the hydrological cycle. The aim of this CIFRE thesis is to assess the climate change impacts on extreme precipitation events using a so-called “futurization” method, in which a transfer function is built by comparing the quantiles of distribution for both present and future climate precipitation. The climate change impact on extreme precipitation events is assessed over high-resolution EMCORDEX simulations. The focus is on the Orbieu catchment located in southwestern France. The futurization method is applied to six major events of precipitation that trigger flash floods. The hydrological impacts of those future statistical counterpart precipitation events are therefore assessed through a conceptual event-based hydrological model. An assessment of soil moisture changes under climate change is performed and coupled to the hydrological impact quantification. The conceptual hydrological model chosen, have been motivated by its future operational applications. The consequences of that choice are assessed through a comparison to a physically based hydrological model. It has been implemented through the hydrological functioning caracterisation of the Orbieu catchment supported by several field campaigns
Medeiros, Vanesca Sartorelli. "Análise estatística de eventos críticos de precipitação relacionados a desastres naturais em diferentes regiões do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-04102013-113054/.
Повний текст джерелаThe paper presents a study of extreme rainfall related to four natural disasters occurring in Brazil: the floods in Itajaí Valley, state of Santa Catarina, in November, 2008; the historic flood in São Luís do Paraitinga, state of São Paulo, in January, 2010; the floods in Mundaú Valley, state of Alagoas, in June, 2010; and the floods and landslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro in January, 2011. The catastrophic rains were analyzed through basic statistical data collected from rain gauges located in those regions. In Itajaí Valley, extremely high rainfalls exceeding 250 mm were recorded on November 23 and 24. In Blumenau, it rained 243.5 mm and 250.9 mm on the same days. At the station located in São Luís do Paraitinga, it rained just 64.7 mm on January 1, 2010, when the flood occurred. However, 205.7 mm were observed in one of the stations located in Cunha. In this case, the high volume of rainfall at the headwater of the basin triggered flooding observed in these two cities. In the valleys of Mundaú and Paraíba, it rained nearly 200 mm on June 5, in two of the six stations analyzed. The high volume of rainfall on June 5, combined with the rains from the 17th to the 19th, may have led to the floods in these basins on June 19. The data indicated that, in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, the flooding and landslides were caused by massive rainfall on January 11 and 12, 2011, which exceeded 270 mm within a period of 24 hours in one of the stations. The rainfall accumulated in the months prior to the events and the high sloping land contributed to soil saturation and subsequent landslides. The rainfall events, sorted through the SPI, resulted in severe or extreme rains in most of the stations. The vulnerability of the regions, which include many homes located in hazardous areas, was also crucial for the disasters to happen. Other major events were previously observed, which indicates that these events are characteristic of the studied regions. It was noted that the analyzed regions are subject to extreme rains with a relatively high frequency, although in some cases these events have demonstrated to be somewhat rare. Therefore, in these areas, region-based measures should be adopted with a view to regulating the use and occupation of the soil and reducing risk of disasters. It is essential to seek adaptation measures of occupation of these areas, considering their hydrological regime.
Rupi, Alberto Pio. "Analisi meteorologica di eventi con precipitazione intensa nell'Italia Centrale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаVedie, Tómas. "Long and short-term actions taken by NGOs in a post disaster scenario." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379416.
Повний текст джерелаTimÃteo, SÃsthenis de Lima. "Guidelines struture of water safety Plan for extreme events : droughts and floods. Case study company of the situation room omplementation of Management Water Resources of CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13686.
Повний текст джерелаUm Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos â PSAEE, tem como objetivo a descriÃÃo de procedimentos em situaÃÃes potencialmente criticas devido a ocorrÃncia de eventos climÃticos extremos (Secas e Cheias). Prevà o desenvolvendo de aÃÃes preventivas e plano de contingÃncia como forma de mitigar os efeitos destes fenÃmenos. Serà desenvolvido em etapas distintas e complementares, visando a antecipaÃÃo, reconhecimento e avaliaÃÃo de riscos, a identificaÃÃo e monitoramento de regiÃes vulnerÃveis, a implementaÃÃo de rede de alerta contra Cheias e Secas. O presente trabalho descreve diretrizes para estruturaÃÃo de um Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos, Cheias e Secas, estruturado em 05 (cinco) etapas; 1. Etapas Preliminares, 2. DiagnÃstico do Sistema; 3. Monitoramento Operacional; 4. Planos de GestÃo e 5. ValidaÃÃo e VerificaÃÃo. Como estudo de caso, o trabalho analisou o processo de implantaÃÃo da Sala de SituaÃÃo da Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Cearà â COGERH, apresentando, tambÃm, sugestÃo de um Plano de Trabalho para a Sala de SituaÃÃo, a qual servirà de Centro de GestÃo de Eventos Extremos HidrolÃgicos para o Estado do CearÃ, Brasil.
Fouinat, Laurent. "Les territoires de montagne face aux changements globaux : une étude rétrospective autour de la station de ski des Deux Alpes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis aims to a paleo-environmental reconstitution of the Oisans valley based on the natural archive of lake sediments. From a multi-proxy approach, we aim to reconstruct: i) Glacial fluctuation reconstruction in Oisans valley; ii) human activities evolution in mountain area and their influences on sediment fluxes especially during extreme events; iii)understand the relationship between climate change, use of mountain lands and natural hazard.Through this study, we identified processes of global change, comprising natural climate variability and human practices, which affected erosion patterns around Lakes Muzelle and Lauvitel during the last millennia. Main results have shown that erosion in the lake Muzelle watershed was dominated in the past by glacial activity, in particular with the presence of fine detrital particles related to subglacial abrasion. They were identified to have a relationship never observed before; during glacial extension their presence is triggering a higher number of flood deposits. At this location, human activities were identified through agro-pastoral activities and more precisely by the coprophilous fungi spore counting, revealing cattle presence since 300 years. Lake Lauvitel is located at lower altitude, which most of the watershed is now situated in an Integral Reserve. Palynological investigations lead to identification of periods of higher human activities in the valley. Extreme events recorded in Lake Lauvitel sediment are on the one hand torrential floods, which allowed a comparison with other reconstructions highlighting changes in the climatic settings in the Alps. On the other hand, wet avalanches deposits were identified with the use of a CT scan and the development of a new methodology based on relative density differences in the sediment. The counting and the quantification of coarse detrital matter within the lacustrine fine sediment matrix allowed income identification of this hazard though time. We then reconstructed wet avalanches events deposited in Lake Lauvitel during the last 3500 years, which occurrence is preferentially during glacial retreats
Savage, David A. "Decision making under pressure : a behavioural economics perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64106/1/David_Savage_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWilhelm, Bruno. "Reconstitution sédimentologique des extrêmes hydrologiques au cours du dernier millénaire dans les Alpes françaises : Relations avec les changements climatiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734248.
Повний текст джерелаYounus, Md Aboul Fazal. "Community-based autonomous adaptation and vulnerability to extreme floods in Bangladesh: processes, assessment and failure effects." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62746.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2010
Ahmed, Khandaker Jafor. "Fertility decisions of women in the context of extreme climate events: A study in two areas hit by cyclones and floods in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136539.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2022
Shaevitz, Daniel Albert. "Extreme weather: subtropical floods and tropical cyclones." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8BC3ZTD.
Повний текст джерелаDiehl, Timothy Hunter. "Hydrological and statistical characteristics of extreme floods." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22948282.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-158).
Hussain, Sk Ghulam. "Decision support system for assessing rice yield losses from annual flooding in Bangladesh." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9274.
Повний текст джерелаNakamura, Jennifer Anne. "Hydroclimatology of Extreme Precipitation and Floods Originating from the North Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D86H4FM1.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Pei-Yi, and 黃佩儀. "Building Damage and Loss for Extreme Flash Floods Triggered by Dam Breach." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d423c2.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
105
Dam breach with great amount of water destroys downstream areas heavily and poses a huge threat to lives, infrastructures and residential buildings in affected areas. The thesis simulates the plausible damage to buildings after dam breach including the damage level to buildings and monetary loss. The thesis simulate two potential scenarios of embankment dam breach would take place, which are gradual erosion of dam and sudden collapse of dam. Then, an easy-implemented dam breach model are conducted in Taiwan and Germany. Further, the inundation mappings are shown at the platform of Arc-GIS so as to calculate the inundation height and flow velocity to buildings. By virtue of the Flood damage functions established by EDAC (Earthquake Damage Analysis Center), the potential mean damage map and the loss to buildings are obtained. In addition, the fragility functions derived by 2011 Japan Tsunami is carried out to compare with the EDAC functions. As the results show, buildings in Taiwan and Germany suffer moderate damage which means that primary columns or walls are ruined. The understanding of damage to buildings due to dam breach through the thesis is also expected to assist the planning and management of water resource systems.
Choudhury, Mahed-Ul-Islam. "Wetland-community resilience to flash flood hazards (Bonna) in Sunamganj district, Bangladesh." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30998.
Повний текст джерелаFebruary 2016
"Policy Change and Policy Learning in a New Democracy: Response to Extreme Floods in Hungary." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1109.
Повний текст джерелаAlbright, Elizabeth Ann. "Policy Change and Policy Learning in a New Democracy: Response to Extreme Floods in Hungary." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1109.
Повний текст джерелаClimate scientists predict increases in frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events over the next century. I used the policy change and policy learning theoretical frameworks--predominantly the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) and the focusing event literature--along with the literature on stakeholder participatory processes, to analyze what policy change occurs and what is learned as a result of experiencing extreme and damaging events. I analyze change in response to catastrophe by examining the response of national and local governments to a series of extreme floods (1998-2002) in a newly democratizing nation, Hungary. I used both qualitative analysis--examination of case studies based on data collected in semi-structured interviews with key informants in the flood and water policy domain--and quantitative analysis--based on a survey of mayors of towns (n=141) in two river basins that had experienced varying degrees of flooding. From these analyses I conclude that the experience of extreme and damaging floods alone was not sufficient to produce policy change and learning. But, a number of factors in concert with the extreme events enabled policy change to occur: (1) The process of democratization allowed alternative voices to be heard in national-level flood policy discussions. (2) A coalition of individuals and organizations espousing an ecological alternative to traditional engineering approaches to flood management that coalesced to press for policy change after the floods occurred. (3) Key policy entrepreneurs, both inside and outside of government, enabled a radical shift in flood management toward the ecological approach. and (4) Scientific information gathered by local environmental activists facilitated in-depth discussions about flood management alternatives. In 2003 Hungary enacted a more comprehensive flood management plan that included economic development and environmental protection goals, but only the flood protection aspects of the plan had been implemented by 2007. At the local level, towns and cities adopted new policies in response to the extreme floods, but these changes focused on emergency response and flood protection policies. These findings suggest that while it may be comparatively easy to adopt new policies, changing long-held beliefs and practices about how rivers and floods should be managed is a much more difficult task.
Dissertation
Moniruzzaman, Md. "The impact of extreme climatic events on migration from two communities in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46523/1/46523-moniruzzaman-2015-thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMonteiro, João Nuno Gomes. "Effect of extreme climatic events on Carcinus maenas population in the Mondego estuary." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88021.
Повний текст джерелаEventos climáticos extremos têm vindo a aumentar a sua frequência e intensidade nas últimas décadas. Deste modo, é importante compreender como estes afetam as espécies e habitats. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variação temporal e espacial na dinâmica populacional de Carcinus maenas no estuário do Mondego, e os efeitos dos eventos climáticos extremos (secas e cheias) nesta população. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente durante os anos de 2003 a 2018 (exceto 2012 e 2013), durante a noite com o auxílio de uma rede de arrasto de vara de 2 metros. As densidades de C. maenas foram padronizadas em indivíduos por 1000m2. Analisando as densidades de juvenis observou-se a existência de um padrão de recrutamento contínuo ao longo de todo o estudo, com picos de recrutamento em anos de secas, além disso, é observável que os juvenis se encontram maioritariamente em zonas mais a montante do estuário. A população é constituída essencialmente pelo morfótipo verde, encontrando-se os indivíduos com morfótipos laranjas e vermelhos em zonas mais a jusante do estuário. O ratio sexual (machos/fêmeas) foi diferente conforme as classes de tamanho, apresentando valores superiores a 1 nas primeiras classes de tamanho, mostrando posteriormente, um equilíbrio do número de machos e fêmeas. A produção secundária (P) estimada para C. maenas foi diferente durante todos os anos do estudo, tendo valores superiores em anos de secas. Os diagramas de ordenação (RDA) mostraram as diferenças espaciais, temporais e ambientais de Carcinus maenas no estuário do Mondego. Através da análise das somas acumulativas (CUSUM) verificou-se uma correlação entre a maioria das características biológicas de C. maenas e as variáveis ambientais e o índice de oscilação norte atlântico (índice NAO). Avaliando as diferentes populações de caranguejo verde no planeta, observaram-se claras diferenças no período de recrutamento, no tamanho máximo dos indivíduos e na esperança média de vida. As populações do Sul da Europa apresentam menores tamanhos máximos e um maior período de recrutamento. Com o aumento da latitude, observa-se populações com maiores tamanhos máximos e com um menor período de recrutamento. A existência de eventos climáticos extremos leva à alteração da dinâmica populacional de Carcinus maenas, sendo que as maiores diferenças são observáveis durante secas extremas, onde devido à diminuição do caudal do rio e ao aumento da salinidade, irá existir um maior recrutamento de juvenis, levando assim a um aumento da densidade populacional.
Extreme climate events have been increasing in frequency and intensity in the last decades. So, it is important to understand how these affect species and habitats. The objective of this study was to analyse the temporal and spatial variation in the population dynamics of Carcinus maenas in the Mondego estuary and the effect of extreme climate events (droughts and floods) on this population. Samplings were performed monthly during the years 2003 to 2018 (except 2012 and 2013), with a 2-meter beam trawl during the night. The densities of C. maenas were standardized in individuals per 1000m2. Analysing juvenile densities, a continuous recruitment pattern was observed throughout the study, with recruitment peaks in years of droughts, in addition, it was observable that juveniles are found mainly in upstream areas of the estuary. The population consists essentially on the green morphotype, being the orange and red morphotypes present in more downstream areas of estuary. The sex ratio (males/females) was different according to the size classes, being much higher than 1 in the first size classes, showing afterwards, in older individuals a value close to 1. The secondary production (P) estimated for C. maenas was different during all the period, having higher values in droughts years. The ordering diagrams (RDA) showed spatial, temporal and environmental differences of Carcinus maenas in the Mondego estuary. A correlation between Carcinus maenas biological features and the environmental variables and the North-Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO index) was verified through the cumulative sums analysis (CUSUM). The different populations of the green crab on the planet, showed clear differences in the recruitment period, the maximum size of the individuals and the life span. Southern European populations have lower maximum carapace width and a longer recruitment period. With the increase of latitude, populations with larger maximum carapace width and with a shorter recruitment period were observed. The existence of extreme climate events causes leads to an adjustment on the population dynamics of Carcinus maenas. Bigger differences are present during extreme droughts, where due to the low river flow and an increase in the salinity, there will be a more intense recruitment of juveniles, leading to an increase in population density.
FCT
Maposa, Daniel. "Statistics of extremes with applications to extreme flood heights in the Lower Limpopo River Basin of Mozambique." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1695.
Повний текст джерелаStatistics of extremes has seen much growth both in theory and application since its early theoretical developments almost a century ago in the 1920s and its first major applications to real-life problems pioneered by Emil Gumbel in the early 1940s. Although the theory and applications of extreme value theory (EVT) have been extensively advanced and utilised in most developed countries,intermsofapplicationslittlehasbeendoneinmanydevelopingcountries in Africa despite the abundance of areas of applications and raw data in some ofthesecountries. Inhydrology,thechoiceoffloodfrequencyprobabilitydistributions for a particular site or region remains the subject of ongoing research. The work contained in this thesis is a contribution towards this area and it addresses this problem in one of the developing and economically challenged countries in Africa, Mozambique, in the lower Limpopo River basin (LLRB). The LLRB is a basin characterised by extreme natural hazards, alternating between extreme floods and severe droughts. ThisthesisisbasedonanextensiveapplicationofEVTtoextremefloodheights data in the LLRB of Mozambique at three sites: Chokwe, Combomune and Sicacate hydrometric stations. Two fundamental approaches of EVT, block maxima and peaks-over-threshold (POT), are used in this thesis. Recent theoretical results by Ferreira and de Haan (2015) have shown that despite its inefficiency due to data lost as a result of blocking, the block maxima approach is more efficient in a number of situations than the POT approach, and the two approaches are quite comparable for large sample sizes. A number of ii candidate distributions are investigated for their goodness-of-fit to the annual daily maximum flood heights in a block maxima realisation at each site. The findings reveal that the GEV distribution is the most appropriate distribution to apply in the LLRB and the distribution can be recommended as the likelihood function for regional and spatial extremes flood frequency analysis in the basin. The thesis addresses the issue of cumulative effects on daily flood heights through a comparative analysis of six annual maxima moving sums. The findings demonstrate that the six annual maxima time series models are notsignificantlydifferentbasedonthecharacteristicsconsideredinthisthesis. In an attempt to reduce uncertainties in the estimates, a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach with a conjugate prior and a GEV likelihood function is used to model the tails of the extreme flood heights in the basin. The findings reveal that the addition of prior information in Bayesian MCMC substantially reduces uncertainties in the estimates and improves precision in the predicted extreme floods. The r largest order statistics models developed in this thesis are generally promising and the standard errors of the estimates of the parameters are substantially reduced. In order to account for climate change impact, nonstationary models are considered with the longterm trend and seasonal oscillation index (SOI) (a meteorological variable indicator) as covariates of the parameters of the GEV distribution and the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD). Among the major contributions of this thesis is a proposed procedure for the determination of the 8 days window period used in extracting independent r largest order values within the same year for the r largest order statistics approach. A summary of the key findings and contributions of this thesis are given in Chapter 9. Moreover, contributions by the study topic in each chapter are given at the end of each chapter.
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (CoEMaSS) of South Africa
Fox, R. C., and Kate Rowntree. "Extreme weather events in the Sneeuberg, Karoo, South Africa: a case study of the floods of 9 and 12 February 2011." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004468.
Повний текст джерела"Variations of extreme precipitation and temperature and implications on floods and droughts under the changing climate in China in the 21st century." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292123.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-198).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, January, 2017).
Rayhan, Israt [Verfasser]. "Assessing household vulnerability and coping strategies to floods : a comparative study of flooded and non-flooded areas in Bangladesh, 2005 / von Israt Rayhan." 2008. http://d-nb.info/990934632/34.
Повний текст джерелаKajambeu, Robert. "Modelling flood heights of the Limpopo River at Beitbridge Border Post using extreme value distributions." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/676.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Statistics
Haulage trucks and cross border traders cross through Beitbridge border post from landlocked countries such as Zimbabwe and Zambia for the sake of trading. Because of global warming, South Africa has lately been experiencing extreme weather patterns in the form of very high temperatures and heavy rainfall. Evidently, in 2013 tra c could not cross the Limpopo River because water was owing above the bridge. For planning, its important to predict the likelihood of such events occurring in future. Extreme value models o er one way in which this can be achieved. This study identi es suitable distributions to model the annual maximum heights of Limpopo river at Beitbridge border post. Maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian approach are used for parameter estimation. The r -largest order statistics was also used in this dissertation. For goodness of t, the probability and quantile- quantile plots are used. Finally return levels are calculated from these distributions. The dissertation has revealed that the 100 year return level is 6.759 metres using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to estimate parameters. Empirical results show that the Fr echet class of distributions ts well the ood heights data at Beitbridge border post. The dissertation contributes positively by informing stakeholders about the socio- economic impacts that are brought by extreme flood heights for Limpopo river at Beitbridge border post
Sikhwari, Thendo. "Variability and long-term trends of climate extremes over the Limpopo, South Africa." Diss., 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDepartment of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences
Climate change has a crucial impact on livelihoods, economy, and water resources due to the occurrence of weather and climate extreme events such as floods, droughts and heat waves. Extreme weather has been increasing worldwide, hence the need to understand their nature and trends. The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial variability and long-term trends of climate extremes over the Limpopo in South Africa from 1960 to 2014. Rainfall, temperature, and circulation fields were analysed to understand the extent, nature of climate extremes over the Limpopo. Extreme value theory (EVT) is a powerful method that was also employed in this study to provide statistical models for events rarely observed. R statistical software was used for clustering analysis which has a variety of functions for cluster analysis. Any station whose value is larger than 95th for any day of the season was considered as a widespread extreme event. The results show that the study area is highly vulnerable to extreme events due to its latitudinal location and low altitude. Anomalous cut-off lows, tropical cyclones and tropical storms are the major extreme producing systems affecting the Limpopo province whilst the Botswana High becomes dominant during heat waves and drought. Extreme weather events are common in Limpopo during summertime and often coincide with mature phases of the El Nino Southern Oscillation. In this study, after the suitable model for data was chosen, the interest was in deriving return levels of extreme maximum rainfall. The computed data for return levels predicted that the 5-year return period’s return level is approximately 223.89 mm, which suggests that rainfall of 223.89 mm or more per month should occur at that station or location on the average of once every five years.
NRF
http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1485
Klášterková, Hana. "Současný stav vegetace v nivě Sázavy po jarní povodni v roce 2006." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435851.
Повний текст джерелаGvoždíková, Blanka. "Vztah anomálií toků vlhkosti, extrémních srážek a povodní ve střední Evropě." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438700.
Повний текст джерелаGonçalves, Filipa Daniela Rodrigues. "Análise da vulnerabilidade a extremos climáticos na Vila de Póvoa de Lanhoso." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/46436.
Повний текст джерелаAs mudanças climáticas decorrentes do aquecimento global têm implicações sobre as comunidades locais. Num curto espaço de tempo, as alterações climáticas passaram para o centro do debate público, como o maior desafio do século XXI. O estudo da vulnerabilidade, enquanto área científica em expansão, converge métodos e técnicas das ciências naturais e sociais, aplicadas nesta investigação à escala local, na Área de Reabilitação Urbana (ARU) da Póvoa de Lanhoso. Em termos gerais, o desígnio desta dissertação prende-se com a análise e avaliação da vulnerabilidade aos extremos térmicos (calor) e hidroclimáticos (inundações, alagamentos), paroxismos recorrentes que afetam as sociedades atuais. A metodologia desenvolvida projeta e adapta a produção científica relativa às componentes da exposição, sensibilidade e capacidade de adaptação, incluindo ao mesmo tempo dados biofísicos e socioeconómicos, numa abordagem sensível às condições locais e dinâmicas existentes, aplicável ao planeamento urbano. A unidade de análise adotada corresponde à subseção estatística, tendo-se recorrido à análise espacial de um conjunto de indicadores que sintetizam cada uma das três componentes da vulnerabilidade. Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar os espaços mais vulneráveis e problemáticos em relação aos referidos extremos, que incidem sobretudo nas áreas mais antigas e centrais da ARU. Além disso, analisaram-se as condições locais de regulação térmica e hidrológica, como forma de identificar as áreas com aptidão para atenuar a vulnerabilidade e os impactes potenciais dos extremos climáticos estudados. Os resultados correspondentes a esta análise apontam o centro urbano consolidado como a área mais problemática da ARU, onde a vulnerabilidade é elevada e as caraterísticas biofísicas e ambientais determinam capacidades reguladoras insuficientes. Relativamente à priorização da intervenção ao nível do planeamento e da reabilitação urbana, com o objetivo de reduzir a vulnerabilidade aos extremos climáticos na ARU, consideraram-se como áreas prioritárias as subseções estatísticas com elevada vulnerabilidade e fraca regulação térmica e/ou hidrológica, sendo que se evidenciaram quatro subseções estatísticas do centro urbano consolidado nesta situação.
Climate change resulting from global warming have implications on local communities. In a short period of time, climate change moved to the center of public debate as the biggest challenge of the XXI century. The study of vulnerability, as an expanding scientific area, converges methods and techniques of both natural and social sciences, which were applied in this investigation at the local scale, in the Urban Reabilitation Area (ARU) of Póvoa de Lanhoso. In general terms, the design of this work relates to the analysis and assessment of vulnerability to thermal extremes (heat) and hydro-climatic extremes (flooding), which are recurrent paroxysms that affect contemporary societies. The methodology adapts the scientific production related to exposure, sensitivity and adaptation capacity components of vulnerability, and includes both biophysical and socio-economic data in an approach to local conditions and existing dynamics, applicable to urban planning. Spatial analysis based on a set of indicators that synthesize each of the three vulnerability components was applied to statistical subsections level. Results allow the identification of the most vulnerable and problematic areas in relation to the studied extremes, which are confined to ARU’s oldest and most central areas. Furthermore, local conditions of thermal and hydrological regulation were examined, as a way of identifying areas with the ability to lower vulnerability and to mitigate potential impacts of climate extremes. Corresponding results point out the consolidated urban center as being the most problematic area of ARU, where vulnerability is high and its biophysical and environmental features determine an insufficient regulatory capacity. With regard to priorization of urban planning and rehabilitation interventions, in order to reduce vulnerability to climate extremes in ARU, statistical subsections with high vulnerability and weak thermal and/or hydrological regulation were considered as priority areas. This final analysis put into evidence four statistical subsections on the urban center.