Статті в журналах: "Extreme environment psychology"

1

Wiersma, Lenny D. "A Phenomenological Investigation of the Psychology of Big-Wave Surfing at Maverick’s." Sport Psychologist 28, no. 2 (June 2014): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0001.

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Extreme sport athletes perform in environments that are characterized by danger, unpredictability, and fear, and the consequences of a mistake include severe injury or death. Maverick’s is a big-wave surfing location in northern California that is known for its cold water temperatures, dangerous ocean wildlife, deep reef, and other navigational hazards. The purpose of this study was to use a phenomenological framework to understand the psychology of big-wave surfing at Maverick’s. Seven elite big-wave surfers completed in-depth phenomenological interviews and discussed the psychology related to various stages of big-wave surfing, including presurf, in the lineup, catching the wave, riding the wave, wiping out, and postsurf. Big-wave surfers described a variety of experiences associated with surfing at Maverick’s and discussed several ways that they coped with its challenges. The results provide a greater understanding of the psychology of participating in an extreme environment.

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Vasyechko, O. O., and O. F. Chetverikov. "Extremology: Behavioral and Quantitative Aspects." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.03.

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The contemporary era features systematic correlations between creating wealth and the emergence of new and even more intensive risks. Globalization processes, volatile geopolitical conjunctures, global climate change, technological progress, which provoke constant and inevitable change in the environment of our existence, aggravate the condition of uncertainty at each level of the social life, thus increasing the social and psychological tensions. The latter constitute another source of risks manifesting in the emergence of extreme environments or extreme situations, apart from conventional risks of human existence. It raises the need for rethinking of established paradigms in psychology and related or other sciences in which the notion “extreme” is in a way explored, and their revision, in order to form a new scientific synergy for methodological support of preparing the population to behavioral adaptation and situational behavior in extreme environments and situations. This determines high importance of extremology as a new applied and interdisciplinary research filed. Considering the social demand, analysis of scientific sources and own experiences of the authors, extremology can be defined as the system for the protection of populations and active counteractions in the conditions of emerging extreme environments and extreme situations. It is argued that to be effective nowadays, such system should be built on methods developed as part of other fields of knowledge, i. e. risicology and statistics, especially the component of extreme risk control and quantitative assessment. But the latter cannot exclude studies of the possibilities for enhancing cross-disciplinary synergy of extremology through involving other methods and practices.

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3

Kuzikova, S. "THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY’S PSYCHO-ENERGY STATES SELF-REGULATION IN THE EXTREME ENVIRONMENT." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227207.

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The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of self-regulation of psychoenergetic states of the individual in an extreme environment. Theoretical analysis of the concept of subjective vitality in psychology in accordance with various scientific theories is presented. Vitality is presented as a subjectively perceived state that reflects the fullness of vitality and energy. Self-determination (autonomy) and competence are defined as conditions for enhancing subjective vitality. It is noted that high vitality is the opposite pole of depression. Depression is understood as a mental state and mood disorder. The content of the phenomenon of depression, symptoms and some reasons for its occurrence are revealed. Psychological and physiological factors of increase and depletion of vital energy of the person are analyzed. An analysis of the results of an empirical study of subjective vitality and depression in parachuting. The features of the chosen type of sports activity, which are essential for research, are commented. Skydivers have a high level of subjective vitality as a condition, dispositional vitality as a personal quality and a low level of depression. A comparative analysis of the results with the indicators of the control group, which indicated a direct positive impact of skydiving on the overall level of vital energy of the individual. It has been found that the level of subjective vitality in parachutists decreases at the end of the jumping season, while the level of depressive manifestations increases. Emphasis is placed on the importance of subjective activity, interpersonal interaction with like-minded people, experiences of self-competence, control over circumstances. Groups of empirical methods were used in the study: psychodiagnostic method (method of studying the subjective and dispositional vitality of R. Ryan and K. Frederick, Beck depression scale); from the group of methods of analysis (processing) of data: qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained results, methods of computer processing of experimental data. The study involved 180 respondents aged 22 to 50 years, 90 representatives of parachuting and 90 respondents of the control group. Empirical research was carried out on the basis of: Aviation Complex “Avia-Soyuz” Aerodrome “Maiske”. All study participants received informed consent to participate in the study.

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4

Hertzog, Nancy B. "Designing the Learning Context in School for Talent Development." Gifted Child Quarterly 61, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016986217705712.

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This article explores the learning context for talent development in public schools. Total aspects of the environment from physical space, affective elements, and pedagogical approaches affect learning. How teachers believe and perceive their roles as teachers influence instructional design and decision making. In this article, the optimal environment for developing students’ strengths and talents will be discussed and practical suggestions for “Extreme Classroom Makeovers” will be offered.

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Knapp, Charles. "That’s How the Light Gets In." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 5 (April 13, 2018): 730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167818761998.

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Out of the broad range of possible causes and helpful responses to extreme states psychosis, this article focuses on the environmental and psychological aspects, primarily from a contemplative and Windhorse therapeutic perspective. While understanding that the psychological basis for spiritual development is the same for extreme states, the helpful responses presented are based on the principles that all beings are fundamentally sane and inseparable from their environment. This discussion concludes with the recognition that each person in an extreme state, no matter how confused, has the very real potential of transforming this life disruption into a highly individual path of discovering and manifesting his or her own unique, intrinsic sanity.

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Templeton, Anne. "Future research avenues to facilitate social connectedness and safe collective behavior at organized crowd events." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 2 (February 2021): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220983601.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, organizers of crowd events must facilitate physical distancing in environments where attendees previously enjoyed being close with ingroup members, encourage accurate perception of health risks and close adherence to safety guidance, and stop expected normative behaviors that may now be unsafe. Research from crowd psychology demonstrates how group processes are integral to each of these issues. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has created an extreme case environment in which to evaluate the collective findings from previous research and identify future research directions. This paper outlines how organizers of crowd events and researchers can work together to further develop our understanding of social connectedness in crowds, reasons for risk-taking behavior, and level of engagement in new collective behaviors. By working together to address these issues, practitioners and researchers can develop our understanding of crowd processes and improve safety at future crowd events.

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7

Kunwar, Ramesh Raj. "Extreme Sport: Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Value." Journal of Tourism & Adventure 4, no. 1 (November 7, 2021): 89–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v4i1.40681.

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Extreme sport is one of the fastest-growing areas in sporting activity in this century. Extreme sport appears to be used interchangeably with high-risk sport in much of the research literature. Both high-risk sport and extreme sport are defined as any sport where one has to accept a possibility of severe injury or death as an inherent part of the activity. Extreme sports are rapidly becoming the physical activity of choice. Extreme sports have diffused around the world at a phenomenal rate and far faster than established sports. Commercially, extreme is the password for corporations and advertisers to access young population. Extreme sports increasingly attract participants from different social classes and age groups, as well as females and minority groups. The extreme sport comprises tourist activities, therapeutic activities, recreational activities, and sporting activities. They have become a sporting spectacle. Extreme sports are even discussed in marketing (niche market), management, and policy literature as legitimate niches that require their peculiar understanding or inappropriate activities that need to be banned. Adventure and risk-taking sports such as mountaineering, whitewater rafting, surfing, skiing, skydiving, downhill mountain biking, rock climbing, and BASE (Building, Antenna (or Aerial), Span (i.e., bridge), Earth (cliffs or other rock formations)) have increased in popularity in recent years. This study is an overview of previous studies carried out by eminent scholars of psychology and different disciplines. The objective of this study is to understand extreme sport in better way on one side and how extreme (or adventurous) sport has been theoretically conceptualized and re-conceptualized on the other. The researcher made an effort to disseminate the knowledge of extreme sports to the students, researchers, entrepreneurs, media personnel, and other concerned authorities, related organizations, and institutions. It is also believed that this study will help to promote adventure education, adventure tourism (niche tourism) and deep ecology. The participants strongly believe that the natural world acts as a facilitator to a deeper, more positive understanding of self and its place in the environment. Fear, emotion, stress, risk, uncertainty, motivation, wellness, wellbeing, personality traits and determination are the key elements of extreme sports.

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8

Depue, Richard A. "Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors in the development of personality disturbance." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 4 (October 14, 2009): 1031–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409990034.

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AbstractA dimensional model of personality disturbance is presented that is defined by extreme values on interacting subsets of seven major personality traits. Being at the extreme has marked effects on the threshold for eliciting those traits under stimulus conditions: that is, the extent to which the environment affects the neurobiological functioning underlying the traits. To explore the nature of development of extreme values on these traits, each trait is discussed in terms of three major issues: (a) the neurobiological variables associated with the trait, (b) individual variation in this neurobiology as a function of genetic polymorphisms, and (c) the effects of environmental adversity on these neurobiological variables through the action of epigenetic processes. It is noted that gene–environment interaction appears to be dependent on two main factors: (a) both genetic and environmental variables appear to have the most profound and enduring effects when they exert their effects during early postnatal periods, times when the forebrain is undergoing exuberant experience–expectant dendritic and axonal growth; and (b) environmental effects on neurobiology are strongly modified by individual differences in “traitlike” functioning of neurobiological variables. A model of the nature of the interaction between environmental and neurobiological variables in the development of personality disturbance is presented.

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9

Moen, Melanie Carmen. "Characteristics for the Identification of Children Who Commit Family Murder in South Africa." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (June 29, 2017): 4796–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517717493.

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Children who commit family murder have been increasingly reported on in the South African media. Violence of this type has far-reaching consequences for families and communities. In this qualitative study, nine documented cases of children who committed family murder were analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors that contribute to children murdering family members. The personal and systemic reasons for these types of murders guided the research. The Interpersonal Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) was used as theoretical framework. The researcher argues that the quality of the interaction between the parent and the child, as well as individual differences within a specific environment, is central to committing family member murder. A narrative summary of the general characteristics of children who kill a family member was compiled. In this study, the children were predominantly exposed to dysfunctional family environments characterized by problematic attachment to the caregiver/s, rejection, abuse, and extreme parenting styles. The parenting styles were often extremely authoritarian or in some cases permissive. The caregivers often expected the child to conform to their idea of the ideal child, and nonconformance resulted in punishment and rejection. These children presented with interpersonal relationship problems, anxiety, and aggression, and fantasized about escaping their challenging home environments. In some of the cases, the children abused alcohol and drugs. In only a few of the cases, signs of antisocial personality disorder were present. The family murders committed by children were predominantly committed by males. The weapons used in the murders were often everyday objects available in the environment. In this study, it was important to note that children who commit family murder have unique backgrounds and circumstances. Therefore, the characteristics discussed in this article only serve as a guideline to understanding these children.

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10

Webb, Barbara. "Small brains and minimalist emulation: When is an internal model no longer a model?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 3 (June 2004): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04480091.

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Many of Grush's arguments should apply equally to animals with small brains, for which the capacity to internally model the body and environment must be limited. The dilemma may be solved by making only very approximate predictions, or only attempting to derive a “high-level” prediction from “high-level” output. At the extreme, in either case, the “emulation” step becomes trivial.

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11

Flyen, Cecilie, Åshild Lappegard Hauge, Anders-Johan Almås, and Åsne Lund Godbolt. "Municipal collaborative planning boosting climate resilience in the built environment." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2016-0042.

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Purpose A meta-study covering the past decade maps the development of Norwegian municipal planning, climate adaptation and institutional vulnerability towards climate change. This paper aims to explore the implementation of climate adaptive changes in Norwegian legal planning and building framework into municipal practice and policy instruments from 2007 to 2016. The study is planned to answer the question: what drivers ensure increased municipal efforts in their climate adaptive planning and building practice? Design/methodology/approach The paper presents empirical findings from two qualitative research projects, each with nine interviews of municipal key personnel within three municipalities’ planning and building services and an ongoing qualitative, expert interview-based study (eight individual/group interviews). Findings Risk reduction and climate resilience are still unsatisfactorily attended in many Norwegian municipalities. There is a gap between political and administrative levels in communicating bilateral expectations and needs for incorporation of climate adaptive measures. Policy instruments maintaining climate adaptation are in demand by different building process actors. Yet, extreme weather events seem to be the main drivers for actual implementation of climate change aspects into municipal policy instruments. Networking, both within and between municipalities, is an important strategy for learning climate adaptation. Research limitations/implications Both globally and in Norway, the focus on climate change impacts is steadily increasing. Municipal risk and vulnerability analyses are statutory, as is the incorporation of the results into local plans at appropriate levels. Originality/value The originality of this paper is the meta-perspective over the past decade, the qualitative approach and the use of environmental psychology theories.

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Sinclair, Robert C., Curt Hoffman, Melvin M. Mark, Leonard L. Martin, and Tracie L. Pickering. "Construct Accessibility and the Misattribution of Arousal: Schachter and Singer Revisited." Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00607.x.

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Schachter and Singer (1962) showed that people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal We investigated how unobtrusively activated cognitions and physiological arousal interact to produce emotional experience when the immediate environment is devoid of relevant cues Subjects were primed with positive, negative, or neutral concepts They then either exercised or sat still and, either immediately or after a delay, rated their emotional state Consistent with what Schachter and Singer found, subjects in the exercise, delayed-rating condition, who lacked an obvious explanation for their arousal, made the most extreme affective self-ratings, which were consistent with the valence of the primed concepts These subjects apparently interpreted their residual arousal in terms of the primed concepts Subjects in the exercise, immediate-rating condition, who had an explanation for their arousal (i e, the exercise), were not influenced by the primes Subjects in the no-exercise condition showed typical priming effects, with prime-consistent self-ratings that decayed over time Implications for emotion formation, misattribution of arousal, and cognition are discussed

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13

Molfese, Victoria J., Lisabeth F. DiLalla, and Laneel Lovelace. "Perinatal, Home Environment, and Infant Measures as Successful Predictors of Preschool Cognitive and Verbal Abilities." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900109.

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This study investigated the extent to which predictions of preschool cognitive and language performance based on perinatal risk and SES measures could be improved adding measures of home environment and first-year performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The longitudinal sample of 53 female and 41 male children was subdivided into "low-risk" and "high-risk" groups based on perinatal risk scores. Results at 3 and 4 years of age are similar to those reported by Siegel (1982) and Smith, Flick, Ferriss, and Sellmann (1972), despite the use of a sample in the present study which did not have the extreme perinatal risk conditions found in samples used by previous investigations. The classification accuracy achieved using the Siegel Risk Index and SES items was high for both risk and age groups. The use of the HOME subscale scores generally resulted in improvements, particularly in classification accuracy. The results show that a variety of perinatal and social-environmental measures are important for predicting child outcomes across different ages and argue for the usefulness of considering individual predictor variables rather than summed predictors in predictive modelling.

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Varhama, Lasse M., and Kaj Björkqvist. "Conflicts, Workplace Bullying and Burnout Problems among Municipal Employees." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1116-1124.

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The psychosocial workplace environment among the municipal employees of a Finnish town with 57,000 inhabitants was investigated. The prevalence of both self-experienced and observed cases of conflicts, burnout, and workplace harassment (bullying) was measured. Altogether, 1,961 employees (1,491 women and 309 men) whose mean age was 42.6 yr. ( SD = 9.8) participated in the study. Sex, age, and workplace differences were found. Of the respondents, 27% had experienced difficult or extreme conflicts, 29% experienced burnout, 50% had seen at least one colleague experience burnout, 16% felt they had been bullied, and 37% had seen a colleague being bullied at work. Men reported experiencing more conflicts than women. The frequency of reporting burnout symptoms and bullying was associated with age. Strong correlations were found among the various problem areas.

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Brett, Zoe H., Margaret Sheridan, Kate Humphreys, Anna Smyke, Mary Margaret Gleason, Nathan Fox, Charles Zeanah, Charles Nelson, and Stacy Drury. "A neurogenetics approach to defining differential susceptibility to institutional care." International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414538557.

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An individual’s neurodevelopmental and cognitive sequelae to negative early experiences may, in part, be explained by genetic susceptibility. We examined whether extreme differences in the early caregiving environment, defined as exposure to severe psychosocial deprivation associated with institutional care compared to normative rearing, interacted with a biologically informed genoset comprising BDNF (rs6265), COMT (rs4680), and SIRT1 (rs3758391) to predict distinct outcomes of neurodevelopment at age 8 ( N = 193, 97 males and 96 females). Ethnicity was categorized as Romanian (71%), Roma (21%), unknown (7%), or other (1%). We identified a significant interaction between early caregiving environment (i.e., institutionalized versus never institutionalized children) and the a priori defined genoset for full-scale IQ, two spatial working memory tasks, and prefrontal cortex gray matter volume. Model validation was performed using a bootstrap resampling procedure. Although we hypothesized that the effect of this genoset would operate in a manner consistent with differential susceptibility, our results demonstrate a complex interaction where vantage susceptibility, diathesis stress, and differential susceptibility are implicated.

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Nirwan, Mohit. "Human psychophysiology in Antarctica." Sri Ramachandra Journal of Health Sciences 2 (July 15, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/srjhs_4_2022.

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Antarctica is a natural laboratory for scientists and an adventure destination for tourists. It has challenging yet beautiful landscape. Due to extreme environment and isolation, wintering over in Antarctica is still challenging, even with advancement in accommodations. Polar scientists have focused on the aspects of Antarctica according to their specialty. For example, psychologists have highlighted polar psychology; likewise, physiologists and other allied human biologists have pointed-out to biochemistry, immunology, and stress biology. A researcher new to Antarctica gets confused to encounter diverse literature of different domains. These reasons require a review on the scientific aspects of wintering-over in Antarctica to enlighten first time readers. Journal articles from PubMed and Google Scholar (up to 2021) were searched with the search terms “Antarctica,” in combination with the words “human physiology” and “human psychology”. Vivid direct quotes of early explorers of the heroic age of polar expeditions are described and 53 articles were finally selected. The human psychophysiology points of discussion in this narrative review are geomagnetism, circadian rhythm, immunity, hypoxia, bone metabolic changes, acute mountain sickness, and stress biology concerning extended stay in Antarctica.

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Kuznetsov, A. S. "Military Diaries: Content, Features, and Potential (Based on the Great Patriotic War Sources)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-2-329-339.

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The present research featured the content, specific features, and potential of military diaries as a historical source in the anthropology of the Great Patriotic War. The study was based on the views of the leading Soviet and modern specialists in the field of source studies and historical methodology. The author defined three approaches to the place of diaries in the classification of historical sources: 1) diaries as ego-documents, 2) military diaries as memoirs, 3) diaries as a separate group of personal documents. The research objective was to determine the potential of military diaries as a source for anthropological studies of the Great Patriotic War. The method of content analysis revealed the most important aspects for the dairy writers in extreme military environment. The biographical method based on the diary analysis made it possible to describe the image of homo militaris during the Great Patriotic War. Military diaries demonstrated a great potential for studies of war routine, healthcare, psychology, and enemy perception through the eyes of an ordinary military participant, the psychology of warring man, the perception of an enemy during World War I.

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Hadžić, Faruk. "The political psychology of extremism; “naturalness” of the phenomenon in the Western Balkans." Technium Social Sciences Journal 11 (September 1, 2020): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v11i1.1519.

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In a symbolic sense, this region may be burdened with a kind of negative ontology that is very difficult to change. Extremist ideologies are, in fact, just a continuation of the war by other means. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. In an environment where politics is extreme, many avoid concerns the very nature of extremism and the process of radicalization within the discourse of „peacetime“ extremism. Extremism stems from finding two basic human needs: the need for cognitive closure and personal significance. Subordination of the individual to the national community, i.e., the leader, is a psychological form of political behavior marked by an obsessive preoccupation with the decline of the community; sacrificing the process of compensatory, the cult of unification while abandoning democratic freedoms with redemptive violence and, regardless of moral and legal constraints, seeks to achieve ethnoreligious threatening collectivity (tribal identity). Extremism uses the properties of consciousness: ethnicity, religiousness, and thinking in absolute categories (in a destructive aspect to add naturalness to its ideas) to justify activities with a sacred or „patriotic“ will. Although the violent potential of nationalism in the Balkans should be overlooked by no means, the inflammatory rhetoric is just a method used by political elites to manipulate the public.

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Allen-Collinson, Jacquelyn, Lee Crust, and Christian Swann. "Embodiment in High-altitude Mountaineering: Sensing and Working with the Weather." Body & Society 25, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x18812947.

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In order to address sociological concerns with embodiment and learning, in this article we explore the ‘weathering’ body in a currently under-researched physical-cultural domain. Weather experiences, too, are under-explored in sociology, and here we examine in depth the lived experience of weather and, more specifically, ‘weather work’ and ‘weather learning’ in one of the most extreme and corporeally challenging environments on earth: high-altitude mountains. Drawing on a theoretical framework of phenomenological sociology, and an interview-based research project with 19 international, high-altitude mountaineers, we investigate weather as lived and experienced both corporeally and cognitively. We are particularly interested in conceptualizing and theorizing the ways in which embodied beings relate to the environment through different aspects of their being. The novel concepts of ‘weather work’ and ‘weather learning’, we argue, provide salient examples of the mind-body-world nexus at work, as an embodied practice and mode of thinking, strongly contoured by the physical culture of high-altitude mountaineering.

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Malenova, Arina Yu. "All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Social, Professional and Personal Responsibility of the Personality in Modern Society”." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Psychology, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2410-6364.2020.4.83-90.

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The data on the work of the conference devoted to the problem of responsibility, which took place on October 8–10, 2020 at the Faculty of Psychology of Dostoevsky Omsk State University. An overview of the topics of plenary reports, master classes and messages is given in the framework of priority areas: methodological, theoretical and methodological problems of the study of responsibility; responsibility in the thesaurus of related concepts: subjectivity, control, authenticity; responsibility of the individual in modern society: current challenges; responsibility in the context of existential personality problems; responsibility and irresponsibility of the individual in the environment; personal, professional and social responsibility in emergency, extreme and crisis situations; social and personal responsibility in a pandemic and self-isolation; social responsibility of the state, business, organizations in modern society; responsibility of the individual in professional activities; personal and professional responsibility of the individual in the educational environment; responsibility of the individual in the context of age-related development; responsibility of the individual in family and interpersonal relationships; the problem of personal responsibility in the research of young scientists.

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Serino, S., F. Scarpina, A. Chirico, A. Dakanalis, D. Di Lernia, D. Colombo, V. Catallo, E. Pedroli, and G. Riva. "Gulliver’s virtual travels: active embodiment in extreme body sizes for modulating our body representations." Cognitive Processing 21, no. 4 (June 6, 2020): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-020-00977-5.

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AbstractIt is noted that the perceptual experience of body and space can be modulated by changing the action capabilities or by manipulating the perceived body dimensions through a multisensory stimulation. This study adds to pre-existing literature by investigating the alterations in bodily experience following embodiment to both enlarged and shrunked bodies, while participants actively navigated in a virtual environment. A normal-sized body served as a reference condition. After each embodied navigation, participants estimated the height and width of three different body parts. Results revealed that the embodiment over shrunked body induced a significant reduction in participants’ body image, while no changes were reported after the embodiment over the enlarged body. Findings were discussed in terms of previous literature exploring the constraints implicated in the ownership over different bodies.

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Khavula, R. M. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES AND FACTORS OF BOREDOM IN ADOLESCENCE." Науковий вісник Ужгородського національного університету. Серія: Психологія, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/psy-visnyk/2022.1.23.

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The article provides a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of "boredom", which manifests itself in a state of severe mental discomfort, which develops due to the lack of external and internal activity, the weakness of self-regulatory mechanisms. It is noted that under certain conditions in the social environment, boredom can lead to various manifestations of delinquent behavior. The conclusions of theoretical works of scientists on the category of "boredom" in foreign and domestic psychology are considered. The main approaches in the study of the phenomenon of boredom are analyzed, which emphasize that boredom provokes aggression, risky behavior, attraction to extreme sports and such addictive behaviors as alcohol and drug abuse. It is established that for the first time we paid attention to the concept of boredom in the psychoanalytic direction in which boredom is considered as a state of instinctive tension, in which there is no instinctive goal. In the works of the classics of human psychology, boredom is seen as an innate characteristic that is inherent in all people and determines human behavior and development, and the tendency to boredom is inherent in young people who seek substitutes for true values. The causes of boredom are considered, namely the predictability and monotony of events, the lack of interesting incentives in the environment, social isolation, loneliness, sensory deprivation and monotony. It was found that the behavioral signs of boredom in educational activities are a decrease in cognitive interest, superficial attention, increased fatigue, indiscipline; weak motivational involvement and low initiative in the classroom. Scientific ideas about psychological factors of boredom are expanded, the model of which includes ideas about boredom, value-semantic sphere, personal characteristics, external and internal conditions.

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GIBBS, JOHN J. "Environmental Congruence and Symptoms of Psychopathology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 18, no. 3 (September 1991): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854891018003007.

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This article examines the link between environmental congruence and symptoms of psychopathology among jail prisoners. Samples of New Jersey jail prisoners were administered instruments that measured environmental needs, perceived environmental resources, and symptoms of psychopathology. The needs and resources instruments were combined into a measure of environmental congruence and analyzed in conjunction with symptom scores. The results indicate that prisoners who have low environmental congruence, that is, expressed needs are not well matched by perceived resources, suffer from more extreme symptoms of psychological distress than do their counterparts, who enjoy relatively high congruence. This finding has several implications for environment-centered programs and research in jails.

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Nelson, Paul A., and Avril Thorne. "Personality and Metaphor Use: How Extraverted and Introverted Young Adults Experience Becoming Friends." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 6 (November 2012): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1839.

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Competing theories have viewed relationship formation as a gradual process or as an instant development, with little attention to differences in individual perceptions of the same relationship. In the present study, conceptual metaphors concerning relationship formation were identified and coded from interviews with each friend in 59 same–sex, white, college–age, US dyads (57% female). Friends were extreme and either very similar or different from one other with regard to extraversion–introversion. An actor–partner analysis found that friends paired with an extravert used more Force–Impact metaphors that conveyed an explosive ‘friends–at–first–sight’ experience, whereas friends paired with an introvert used more Journey–Organism metaphors that reflected a gradual transition into friendship. Regardless of their partner's personality, extraverts and female friends used more Joint–Proximity metaphors that emphasised the development of intimacy. Results are interpreted using the Social Relations Model and the PERSOC approach to show how personality can serve both as an environment (partner) and as a cognitive schema (actor) to distinctly shape impressions of how a friendship develops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Smith, Nathan, and Emma C. Barrett. "Psychology, extreme environments, and counter-terrorism operations." Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression 11, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2018.1551916.

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Stanney, Kay M., Kelly S. Hale, Isabelina Nahmens, and Robert S. Kennedy. "What to Expect from Immersive Virtual Environment Exposure: Influences of Gender, Body Mass Index, and Past Experience." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 3 (September 2003): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.504.27254.

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For those interested in using head-coupled PC-based immersive virtual environment (VE) technology to train, entertain, or inform, it is essential to understand the effects this technology has on its users. This study investigated potential adverse effects, including the sickness associated with exposure and extreme responses (emesis, flashbacks). Participants were exposed to a VE for 15 to 60 min, with either complete or streamlined navigational control and simple or complex scenes, after which time measures of sickness were obtained. More than 80% of participants experienced nausea, oculomotor disturbances, and/or disorientation, with disorientation potentially lasting >24 hr. Of the participants, 12.9% prematurely ended their exposure because of adverse effects; of these, 9.2% experienced an emetic response, whereas only 1.2% of all participants experienced emesis. The results indicate that designers may be able to reduce these rates by limiting exposure duration and reducing the degrees of freedom of the user's navigational control. Results from gender, body mass, and past experience comparisons indicated it may be possible to identify those who will experience adverse effects attributable to exposure and warn such individuals. Applications for this research include military, entertainment, and any other interactive systems for which designers seek to avoid adverse effects associated with exposure.

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Vitulli, William F., Jerry M. Mott, Joseph M. Quinn, Kathy L. Loskamp, and Rebecca S. Dodson. "Behavioral Thermoregulation with Microwave Radiation of Albino Rats." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 3 (June 1986): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.831.

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The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which microwave radiation would reinforce operant behavior in a cold environment. A reversal-design with the single subject serving as its own control was used for testing the reinforcing properties of microwaves. Six albino rats were conditioned to produce 6-sec. pulses of microwave radiation within a refrigerated environment. The schedule of reinforcement was continuous (erf). Each lever press produced a 6-sec. output of microwave radiation. The intensity of radiation was varied across blocks of sessions in the reversal design. Microwave values used were as follows: 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted from 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 7-mo. period. Results showed that rates of operant responding varied as a direct function of microwave intensity. Relatively high mean rates were associated with moderate microwave intensity (250 W), whereas lower mean rates of responding were associated with extreme microwave intensities (62.5 W and 437.5 W) in the reversal design. These data are explained in terms of satiation and deprivation of the reinforcing value of microwave radiation.

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Sagi, Abraham, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Miri Scharf, Tirtsa Joels, Nina Koren-Karie, Ofra Mayseless, and Ora Aviezer. "Ecological Constraints for Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 2 (February 1997): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385342.

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To determine whether the transmission of attachment across generations is free from contextual constraints, adult attachment representations were assessed in two kibbutz settings, home-based and communal sleeping. It was hypothesised that under extreme child-rearing circumstances, such as the communal sleeping arrangement, the transmission of attachment is not evident, whereas in the more regular home-based environment the expected transmission of attachment will be found. The participants were 45 mothers and 45 infants, about equal numbers of boys and girls, from 20 kibbutz infant houses with communal sleeping arrangements, and from 25 kibbutz infant houses with home-based sleeping arrangements. Mothers were administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and infants were assessed through the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Among the home-based pairs, a correspondence of 76% was found between AAI and Strange Situation classifications, whereas the correspondence was only 40% in the communal sleeping group. It is argued that living in a communal sleeping arrangement reduces the expected transmission of attachment.

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Swartz, Paul. "Violence and Prospect-Refuge Values." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 2 (October 1987): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.2.343.

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Appleton's prospect-refuge theory of landscape aesthetics is joined to Kupfer's treatment of the more contemporary forms of violence as aesthetic projects. The insufficiency in the modern urban environment of good opportunities to see without being seen stresses the present and near future into heightened feelings of vulnerability, adding with untoward social circumstance to activate more extreme measures to secure an advantage in our dealings with the world. From the standpoint of prospect-refuge theory, violence directed to asserting the self as someone who matters is a misbegotten effort to unstress the present and near future. Violence valued only for the aesthetic satisfaction in dismembering persons and things to formlessness suggests an attempt to kill time. As the likelihood of violent incidents increases, revisions in the prospect-refuge map together with institutional reforms become more urgent.

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Xu, Qingwei, Liu Han, and Kaili Xu. "Causal Analysis and Prevention Measures for Extreme Heavy Rainstorms in Zhengzhou to Protect Human Health." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12060176.

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This study focused on the extreme heavy rainstorm that occurred in Zhengzhou in July 2021; approximately 380 people were killed or missing as a result of this storm. To investigate the evolution behaviors of this rainstorm and take corresponding prevention measures, several methods and models were adopted, including cloud modeling, preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), fault tree analysis (FTA), bow-tie modeling, and chaos theory. The main reasons for this rainstorm can be divided into the following three aspects: force majeure, such as terrain and extreme weather conditions, issues with city construction, and insufficient emergency rescue. The secondary disasters caused by this rainstorm mainly include urban water logging, river flooding, and mountain torrents and landslides. The main causes of the subway line-5 accident that occurred can be described as follows: the location of the stabling yard was low, the relevant rules and regulations of the subway were not ideal, insufficient attention was given to the early warning information, and the emergency response mechanism was not ideal. Rainstorms result from the cross-coupling of faults in humans, objects, the environment, and management subsystems, and the evolution process shows an obvious butterfly effect. To prevent disasters caused by rainstorms, the following suggestions should be adopted: vigorously improve the risk awareness and emergency response capabilities of leading cadres, improve the overall level of urban disaster prevention and mitigation, reinforce the existing reservoirs in the city, strengthen the construction of sponge cities, and improve the capacity of urban disaster emergency rescue.

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Tolochek, Vladimir A. "Field research methods and methodology: open questions. Part 2." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 3, no. 120 (2021): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2021-3-120-72-86.

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Annotation. The relationship between the state of the methodology of psychology, the method, the subject, the research technologies, the explanation of the results obtained have been noted by scientists for over a century. The study of the “situation” phenomenon as an important fragment of reality presupposes a transition to new “coordinate systems” of description, an appeal to new resources of methodology, methodological tools, and conceptual apparatus. Using several criteria - classes of problems, dominant methods, maturity of methodology, scientific traditions - it is possible to distinguish types of research work (R&D): experimental research, natural experiments, pilot studies, field research. The four types represent a continuum of possibilities and limitations of the psychologist's control over the conditions for conducting research. The “simple schemes” of scientific research and “complex schemes” are considered. In new historical conditions, along with the “methods” of the discipline, new components of theoretical knowledge (including the concepts of “situation”, “interaction”, “space”, “environment (environment)” - as reflecting the moments of dynamism of fragments of social reality) should play an important role. Ontologically, “situations” represent a continuum of actualized “units” of reality - from simplified conditions of laboratory experiments to extreme “difficult life situations”. Conceptually, “situations” are sequences of complexes of conditions that are actualized in the processes of human life; there are reflections of the multidimensionality of the state, functioning and evolution of real empirical objects. The functions of complex R&D schemes are to recreate a multidimensional complex reality - a "situation", while the tasks of simple schemes are to extremely simplify the states of the examined objects and their relations with the environment

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Stahn, Alexander C., and Simone Kühn. "Brains in space: the importance of understanding the impact of long-duration spaceflight on spatial cognition and its neural circuitry." Cognitive Processing 22, S1 (August 18, 2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-021-01050-5.

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AbstractFifty years after the first humans stepped on the Moon, space faring nations have entered a new era of space exploration. NASA’s reference mission to Mars is expected to comprise 1100 days. Deep space exploratory class missions could even span decades. They will be the most challenging and dangerous expeditions in the history of human spaceflight and will expose crew members to unprecedented health and performance risks. The development of adverse cognitive or behavioral conditions and psychiatric disorders during those missions is considered a critical and unmitigated risk factor. Here, we argue that spatial cognition, i.e., the ability to encode representations about self-to-object relations and integrate this information into a spatial map of the environment, and their neural bases will be highly vulnerable during those expeditions. Empirical evidence from animal studies shows that social isolation, immobilization, and altered gravity can have profound effects on brain plasticity associated with spatial navigation. We provide examples from historic spaceflight missions, spaceflight analogs, and extreme environments suggesting that spatial cognition and its neural circuitry could be impaired during long-duration spaceflight, and identify recommendations and future steps to mitigate these risks.

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Boltivets, Sergij, and Olga Okhremenko. "Psychology of Terrorism: Intimidation by Destroying One’s Own Life in the Donetsk Basin." Internal Security 13, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2900.

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The article presents the psychological genesis of terrorism in eastern Ukraine, referred to as the Donetsk Basin, during the Soviet era, which resulted from prioritising coal over the lives of Ukrainians affected by famine, executions, evictions and repression imposed by Russians. The replacement of the ethnic composition of the population by people from Russia led to the formation of a group of colonisers of Ukraine. This required creating an atmosphere of constant tension, fear and criminalised violence. As a consequence, the Donetsk Basin has become a favourable environment for Russians and their supporters, who were potentially prone to terrorist acts, and the most dangerous category of such persons — suicide bombers. The paper describes the emergence of a wave theory concerning terrorism in Europe, radical movements in Ireland, Macedonia, Serbia, Italy and Spain, as well as the current state of terrorism in Italy, Germany, Japan and many other countries. It covers the first terrorist act of Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine near the village of Kamyanka, in the Donetsk region, where a checkpoint of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was attacked by a suicide bomber using a minibus loaded with explosives. It was also a place where other similar terrorist acts took place and the manifesto of Australian terrorist Brenton Tarrant was distributed in the centre of Ukraine by a terrorist group from the Russian Federation in order to involve prone persons in subversive activities on racial and religious grounds. The study was created using a nonparametric typology, based on the analysis of at least two parameters: the nuclei of vulnerabilities (targets of influence) and the features of intrapsychic formations arising under their influence. This allowed identifying five psychotypes of potential suicide bombers: of a person who has lost emotional connection with the outside world; of a fanatic of faith, associated with the activation of ‘mortido’ — the desire for death; of a fanatic of an idea, which considers the cessation of life as a spiritual transformation, and martyrdom as an integral element of the spiritual path; of a potential suicide bomber associated with extreme manifestations of protest behaviour; persons with psychopathic changes in personality structure. The paper establishes the prevalence of these psychotypes and comparative possibilities of influencing each of them.

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Masoner, Hannah, Alen Hajnal, Joseph D. Clark, Catherine Dowell, Tyler Surber, Ashley Funkhouser, Jonathan Doyon, Gabor Legradi, Krisztian Samu, and Jeffrey B. Wagman. "Complexity of postural sway affects affordance perception of reachability in virtual reality." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 12 (July 27, 2020): 2362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820943757.

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Visual perception of whether an object is within reach while standing in different postures was investigated. Participants viewed a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) environment with a stimulus object (red ball) placed at different egocentric distances. Participants reported whether the object was reachable while in a standard pose as well as in two separate active balance poses (yoga tree pose and toe-to-heel pose). Feedback on accuracy was not provided, and participants were not allowed to attempt to reach. Response time, affordance judgements (reachable and not reachable), and head movements were recorded on each trial. Consistent with recent research on perception of reaching ability, the perceived boundary occurred at approximately 120% of arm length, indicating overestimation of perceived reaching ability. Response times increased with distance, and were shortest for the most difficult pose—the yoga tree pose. Head movement amplitude increased with increases in balance demands. Unexpectedly, the coefficient of variation was comparable in the two active balance poses, and was more extreme in the standard control pose for the shortest and longest distances. More complex descriptors of postural sway (i.e., effort-to-compress) were predictive of perception while in the tree pose and the toe-to-heel pose, as compared with control stance. This demonstrates that standard measures of central tendency are not sufficient for describing multiscale interactions of postural dynamics in functional tasks.

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Reguillo, Rossana. "Memories of the Future: The Mara—Contingency and Affiliation with Excess." YOUNG 20, no. 4 (November 2012): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330881202000403.

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The commitment to analyze, interrogate and articulate the meaning of youth violence in a geopolitical arena, that is reorganizing global relations through appeals to fear and diverse rhetoric of security, acquires a crucial importance. This is particularly the case as certain categories of young people are demonized a priori and as the violent acts attributed to them are presented in an extremely simplified version. The immediate effect is the fuelled anger of the so-called public opinion and the emergence of the propitious environment for the implementation of authoritarian solutions that are detrimental to democracy and human rights. The mara represents the perfect portrait of an extreme threat and unfortunately, its members actively participate in the dissemination of their own myth, in which fiction and reality intermingle to certify that post-apocalyptic prophesies do take place on those meaning-inscribed bodies that advance ominously upon both real and symbolic territories as living testaments to the fragility of the social order that we have created.

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Ghertner, D. Asher. "Airpocalypse: Distributions of Life amidst Delhi’s Polluted Airs." Public Culture 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7816329.

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Extreme air pollution events have become a regular phenomenon in Delhi, triggering conjunctions of air pollution and death popularly referred to as airpocalypse. The city’s collective reckoning with bad air raises the question of how social justice is to be imagined when the source of death is diffuse and leaky. The Indian judiciary has taken up this question in earnest, dispersing the legal treatment of life away from its historical focus on individuated life-beings and toward a more atmospheric domain of biological abstractions and vital circulations: aggregate lung capacity, collective asthmatic risk, and distributed body parts. Life in law is now monitored through air quality indexes and climatological reports as much as X-rays or electrocardiograms, making it something not just shaped by the environment but itself an environmental condition. Following judicial discourse stemming from key pollution-related court cases, this article examines how these new distributions of life transform urban citizenship, which has been grounded in India in the right to life. It argues that multiple political potentialities unfold once citizenship is no longer anchored exclusively in the sovereign self, with emergent forms of atmospheric citizenship resting on a humanist principle of atmospheric sharing while simultaneously sustaining logics of atmospheric segregation.

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Mota, Ana Isabel, João Lopes, and Célia Oliveira. "Teachers Voices: A Qualitative Study on Burnout in the Portuguese Educational System." Education Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080392.

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Teaching has been identified as an environment of extreme physical, mental, and cognitive demand for teachers and is one of the careers where burnout levels are the highest. This qualitative study aims to (i) understand the importance of personal, organizational, and classroom dimensions concerning the Portuguese education system, (ii) and how these dimensions contribute to burnout in Portuguese teachers from different teaching levels. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-six primary and high school teachers. Results offer insights on the impact that different variables have on teachers’ burnout. The content analysis suggests that organization is the most relevant dimension contributing to teachers’ burnout. On the other hand, the classroom category appears to be the most challenging context for teachers to manage. The results highlight the need to consider the dynamics and interdependency between personal, organizational, and classroom dimensions in the development and prevalence of burnout.

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Apriani, Desy, Alexander Williams, Untung Rahardja, Alfiah Khoirunisa, and Sella Avionita. "The Use of Science Technology In Islamic Practices and Rules In The Past Now and The Future." International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/ijcitsm.v1i1.16.

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Civilization is a complex structure of society characterized by urban development, social stratification applied by cultural elites, systems symbolic communication (eg, writing systems), and the perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment. Islamic civilization is a civilization that is built on basic Islamic aqidah, aims according to the purposes (maqashid) of sharia, and is realized by imitating the deeds (sunnah) of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions and the signs signs of halal and haram. Islam was at the pinnacle of civilization when the Khilafah system was still upright, despite the ups and downs. Based on Islamic ethics, In the case of virtue seeking new knowledge, it is achieved as a result of moderation of two extreme biases namely, avoiding acquiring new knowledge but remaining in a position of ignorance and playing an important role in pursuing ignorance. Thus, the ethics of Islamic knowledge, which is the application of science and technology science in Islam must be regulated, striving to free humans from these two negative tendencies. The core idea discussed in this paper is the science design used with special reference to Science and Technology. In the history of Islamic thought, this concept is articulated mainly in the background of cognitive psychology theory and Maqashid ash-sharia (a higher goal than Sharia) which is connected to the search for personal and social knowledge. Muslims are now able to pave the way for creating more advanced scientific and technological habits in twenty-first century Muslim societies.

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LOWE, M., W. HARRIS, R. KANE, L. BANDERET, D. LEVINSON, and D. REEVES. "Neuropsychological assessment in extreme environments." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 22 (February 2007): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2006.10.010.

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Kuchmezov, K. K., and S. I. Neizvestny. "Experience in Assessing the Emotional Intelligence of University Graduates in the Specialty “Business Informatics”." Open Education 26, no. 5 (November 13, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2022-5-51-60.

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The purpose of this study was to describe new approaches to the practical reaction of the educational process of training business informatics specialists to the modern challenges of digitalization of society in the field of formation of emotional intelligence of university graduates. In conditions of uncertainty, instability, high turbulence of the environment, business requirements for graduates of the education system are changing significantly: there is a transformation of the priorities of requirements from the simple formation of knowledge to skills and abilities to demonstrate the capability to work in extreme conditions, having stress resistance, high emotional intelligence. Business practice shows that in the conditions of post-pandemic and turbulence of the environment, the elements of emotional and professional “burnout” of employees significantly increase, which leads to a decrease in productivity and quality of work. These circumstances indicate the urgent relevance of the mobile restructuring of the training process, primarily in the field of digitalization of business and society as a whole.Materials and methods. In this study, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, implemented at the intersection of pedagogy, management, cultural studies, business philosophy, psychology, mathematical statis- tics, and information technology. The method of contextual analysis and synthesis of factual material was used to study the current state of the problem from publicly available information sources. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation among students of the 4th year of bachelor’s degree and 1-2 years of master’s degree in the direction of training “Business Informatics”, studying in the profile “IT management in business”. The analysis of the existing system of training specialists shows that it is not able, even after the master’s degree, to provide business with employees who are able to carry out their functional duties with a high degree of stress tolerance, good emotion management, effective practical skills in information and communication processes in conditions of uncertainty and high turbulence.Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the information available in the public domain, the main trends in changing the requirements for practical skills and abilities of university graduates in the specialty business informatics have been identified. Using feedback from graduates of a Financial University working in Russian business, as well as with their employer managers, a list of core competencies has been compiled that are lacking in the modern educational process of universities, or which are only fragmentary in the list of Federal State Educational Standards of the Russian Federation. The authors of this work over the past four years have failed to assess the level of competence of graduates of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in the field of study “Business Informatics”. This result showed the urgent need to shift the emphasis of the educational process from the formation of a typical set of knowledge among students towards the formation of skills and abilities in the field of work in extreme conditions, the formation of stress resistance and emotional intelligence. Within the framework of possible corrections of working educational programs for bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in business informatics, the authors began using methods and technologies for the formation of emotional intelligence, the use of tools for assessing and self-evaluating the level of competence in the elements that determine the emotional formation and development of personality.Conclusion. The analysis of doing business in the conditions of a pandemic and high turbulence of the environment showed the importance of transforming the personnel training system towards shifting priorities to the field of developing skills and abilities to work in extreme conditions, the ability to manage emotions. The higher education system, from the point of view of modern business requirements, is obliged to form, along with the total amount of knowledge (Intelligence Quotient, IQ), emotional intelligence (Emo- tion Quotient, EQ) among university graduates. The experience of evaluating graduates of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Business Informatics at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation shows a low level of EQ that is unacceptable from the point of view of business requirements. However, even with the fragmentary introduction of the basic elements of EQ formation during the implementation of master’s degree programs in the 1st and 2nd courses, the level of basic competencies in the field of emotional intelligence formation increases significantly.

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Kyselytsia, Svitlana Volodymyrivna. "ГРОМАДСЬКА ДУМКА ЯК МОРАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ РЕГУЛЯТИВ ЛЮДСЬКОГО БУТТЯ". SOCIAL WORK ISSUES: PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, № 2 (14) (2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2412-1185-2019-2(14)-42-51.

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Urgency of the research. Effective influence on the surrounding world is the most important problem of human society. Target setting. The study of public opinion in the context of the personal and national centrifugality of recent decades, manifested in the struggle for the dominance of one or another communication paradigm is of particular relevance. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The interpenetration of morality and politics inevitably leads to extreme tension in the humanitarian sciences due to the intersection here of the irrational-sensual (social psychology, anthropology, ethnology) and rational-volitional (political science, sociology, ethics) spheres associated with the formation of self-consciousness and the creation of civilized forms of communication. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The combination of various interests is always a test for politics as the art of the possible and for morality as the mental basis of human existence. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the communicative and regulatory specifics of public opinion. The statement of basic materials. A person in the process of socialization, simultaneously existing in a contradictory uniquely universal dimensions, tries to comprehend the possibilities of personal influence on the environment. The author uses methods of observation, questioning, idealization, modeling and comparative analysis. The main hypothesis is that the mentality of people forms the power and through public opinion (the dominant worldview algorithms in the mass consciousness) influences the politics. Conclusions. Public opinion is the only reliable mediator or productive compromise between morality and politics, guaranteeing the harmonious coexistence of power and people in a promising society. The more consolidated position the people demonstrate, the more controllable and civilized (moral) the power is, the more flexible the power, the more politically literate the people become and, as a result, the civil consciousness is formed.

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Wheeler, Michael, and Anthony Atkinson. "Domains, Brains and Evolution." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 49 (March 2001): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100007190.

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According to Darwinian thinking, organisms are (for the most part) designed by natural selection, and so are (for the most part) integrated collections of adaptations, where an adaptation is a phenotypic trait that is a specialized response to a particular selection pressure. For animals that make their living in the Arctic, one adaptive problem is how to maintain body temperature above a certain minimum level necessary for survival. Polar bears' thick coats are a response to that selection pressure (surviving in extreme cold). A thick coat makes a positive difference to a polar bear's fitness, since polar bears with very thin coats left fewer offspring than those with thicker coats. The foundational idea of evolutionary psychology is that brains are no different from any other organ with an evolutionary function, insofar as brains too are systems shaped by natural selection to solve adaptive problems. Thus brains have a particular functional organization because their behavioural effects tend, or once tended, to help maintain or increase the fitness of organisms with those brains. Prominent evolutionary psychologists (for example: Cosmides and Tooby, 1987; Cosmides and Tooby, 1994 and Symons, 1992) have endorsed the view that the last time any significant modifications were made by natural selection to the human brain's functional architecture, we were hunter-gatherers, inhabiting a world quite different from that which we now inhabit. That world was the Pleistocene epoch, between about 2 million years ago and 10 thousand years ago. On this view, then, the Pleistocene constitutes what evolutionary psychologists often call our environment of evolutionary adaptedness (or EEA), and the information- processing structure and organization of our present-day cognitive architecture is no different from that of our recent huntergatherer ancestors.

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Stahn, Alexander C., and Simone Kühn. "Extreme environments for understanding brain and cognition." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.10.005.

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Kharlamenkova, N. E., D. A. Nikitina, N. E. Shatalova, and E. N. Dymova. "Psychological Consequences of Experienced Stress in Childhood — Phenomena of "Abandonment" and "Involvement"." Клиническая и специальная психология 11, no. 3 (2022): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110303.

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The article deals with the fundamental problem of psychology, devoted to the theoretical analysis of the specifics of the child's experience of stressful situations with different levels of traumatization. Along with the lack of childhood stress understanding and research, the very principles of differentiation between every day and traumatic stress remain the least studied. In the theory of post-traumatic stress, it has been proven that one of the criteria for the danger/safety of a life situation is a person's subjective evaluation of the life threat degree. Such an assessment is based on the individual's representations of psychological safety and its components, such as "internal comfort", "experience/awareness" and "positive environment". In the course of a theoretical analysis of the problem of child's stress, we have shown in the article that a child's feeling of internal comfort and stability depends on the degree of the environment activity, its ability not only to protect the child, but also to provide additional opportunities. In accordance with the purpose of the work, the primary emphasis is not on the resourcefulness of the child's social environment, but on its limitation — the phenomena of "abandonment" and "involvement", which are analyzed taking into account a specific context — the impact on the child of everyday stressors and stressors of high intensity. The methodological basis of the study was the system (B.F. Lomov) and subject-activity approaches (S.L. Rubinshtein, A.V. Brushlinsky and others), the dynamic approach to the study of personality (L.I. Antsyferova). Focusing on these approaches has allowed us to consider the child stress in accordance with a whole system of factors (the nature of the stressor, supporting/non-supporting social environment, etc.). The methods of abstraction, formalization and interpretation are used as theoretical procedures. On the basis of an expert assessment, the features of reactions to everyday stress (situations of interaction of a child with parents and peers) are highlighted, which, unlike traumatic stress (situations of an extreme nature), are not determined by the impact of a specific stressor, but arise as a response to a latent cause of a diffuse nature associated with violation of social and information safety of the child. Manifestations of everyday stress act as a child's reaction to the feeling of "abandonment", which turns out to be associated with emotional, social and informational deprivation, with the leveling or distortion by adults of the child's social roles (the role structure of interaction). The feeling of being "involved" in the context of a traumatic event is accompanied by physical deprivation and a more intense experience of emotional deprivation (emotional rejection), including the child in non-normative social relations and imposing obligations on him that do not correspond to the level of the child's physical, social and mental maturity. The phenomena of abandonment and involvement are analyzed using examples of various situations of everyday and psycho-traumatic nature.

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Snigovska, Oksana, and Andriy Malakhiti. "“RED” ODESSA IN THE EYES OF N. KAZANDZAKIS: DOCUMENTARY-ARTISTIC TWO of the AUTHOR’s worlds (based on the travelogue «Traveling: Russia»)." Studia Linguistica, no. 15 (2019): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2019.15.235-249.

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The article explores the features of documentary works of art, in particular letters, articles, travel notes, newspaper publications, photo and video materials, which formed the basis of the travelogue «Travelling: Russia» by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. It describes his trips to the Soviet Union in the 20s of the XX century. A complex of themes and motives typical of travelogue, topos is considered, topographic plots focused on the presentation of facts and situations are highlighted. The subject of the image in travel notes and feature articles by N. Kazantzakis is practically everything that he sees and realizes / perceives and, of course, describes: topographic environment, the beauty of nature, mode of life, social relations and the psychology of people. The wandering figure, breaking away from usual life, overcoming the barrier of existence, which forces the author and readers to experience borderline states, ask extreme questions, seek for the answers, fulfilling the mission of the travelogue. Getting into other, unfamiliar conditions, the traveller either gets used to them, or evaluates them, transforming them for himself and for the others. Travelogue N. Kazantzakis «Traveling: Russia» does not always adequately reflect the real space of travel. The repeating routes of Greece – Odesa – Kiev trips by sea and further by rail receive different irradiation depending on optimistic (at the beginning of his philosophical and religious journey) or catastrophic with a touch of disappointment (at the end of his ideological search) premonitions of the author. So, the construction of the travelogue of the Greek writer was greatly influenced by previous trips to the same places. Nikos Kazantzakis often refers reader to facts of history, to cultural codes, to ideological oppositions, to personal memory. Oppositions Europe/Greece – Russia, Vienna – Odesa, Greeks – Russians / Ukrainians – Jews are interpreted nominally in the article, the main task of the writer seems to be a way out to the existential principles of the structure and transformation of person.

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Uddin, Md Nagim, Tutul Kumar Saha, Myiesha Rayzil Hossain, SM Fakrul Islam, and Zakir Hossain. "Constraints to climate change adaptation and livelihood challenges: perspectives from the Sundarbans fishers' community in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v8i2.60083.

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Fishers' are first-line observers of changes in the Sundarbans region and are among the first to be affected by the changes that occurred. In the Sundarbans fishers' communities, transformations of society have always been a part of life. In contrast, environmental changes were always interim and reversible, allowing them to understand and identify with the Sundarbans ecosystems as food and life providers. In this study, fishers' observations on climate change impacts and their livelihoods were compiled and analysed using a structured questionnaire in accordance with the tenets of grounded theory. The observations of fishers from the region of the Sundarbans demonstrated a rise in the frequency of extreme weather events caused by rising temperatures and changes in the weather pattern. Physical components such as rainfall, coastal erosion, sea-level rise, siltation alterations in fish species distribution ranges, and migratory spawning behaviours were also affected by changes in the region's weather and climate. As salinity levels rose, the diversity and productivity of river ecosystems were affected, particularly in the most vulnerable areas. As a result, river freshwater flow decreased over time. A high rate of siltation in rivers and river mouths was considered another major concern that led to seasonal flooding due to its low freshwater upstream flow rate. The Sundarbans region provides a vast array of resources for diversifying fishers' livelihoods, but climate change is diminishing these alternatives due to more frequent catastrophic events. Specifically, climate change limits the resilience of fishers' communities, restricting opportunities for diversification or forcing them to leave their homes or villages. Climate change generated an environment that was generally unfavourable for all fishing communities. In order to survive in an unfavourable environment, the social well-being of fishers (mostly women and children) was negatively impacted by a variety of challenges, including disease, lack of potable water, malnutrition, sanitary difficulties, lack of electricity, lack of food and clothing, lack of proper medical care, and so on. To evaluate the effects of climate change on fisheries in the study area, the biodiversity, abundance, and production of most freshwater species are drastically reduced due to the destruction of spawning grounds, a transition in the spawning season, and the obstruction of fish migration. The findings of this study show that the climate and livelihood conditions of fishers in the Sundarbans region have changed significantly over the past few decades. Regardless of GOs and NGOs taking the required steps, proper implementation of interdisciplinary adaptive policy and regular monitoring in the Sundarbans fisher's community in Bangladesh could effectively reduce climate change impacts and improve livelihood conditions. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (2), 103-114

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Palinkas, Lawrence A., and Peter Suedfeld. "Psychosocial issues in isolated and confined extreme environments." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 126 (July 2021): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.032.

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SELVAM, Dr R. PANDI. "Earthworm Optimization with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Aerial Image Classification Model in IoT Enabled UAV Networks." Fusion: Practice and Applications 7, no. 1 (2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/fpa.070104.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be placed effectively in offering high-quality services for Internet of Things (IoT) networks. It finds use in several applications such as smart city, smart healthcare, surveillance, environment monitoring, disaster management, etc. Classification of images captured by UAV networks, i.e., aerial image classification is a challenging task and can be solved by the design of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Therefore, this article presents an Earthworm Optimization with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Aerial Image Classification (EWODTL-AIC) model in IoT enabled UAV networks. The major intention of the EWODTL-AIC technique is to effectually categorize different classes of aerial images captured by UAVs. The EWODTL-AIC technique initially employs AlexNet model as feature extractor for producing optimal feature vectors. Followed by, the hyperparameter values of the AlexNet model are decided by the utilization of earthworm optimization (EWO) algorithm. At last, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is employed for the classification of aerial images. The experimental validation of the EWODTL-AIC model is performed using benchmark dataset. The extensive comparative analysis reported the better outcomes of the EWODTL-AIC technique over the other existing techniques.

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Краснянская, Татьяна Максимовна, and Валерий Геннадьевич Тылец. "TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF STRUCTURING THE SUBJECT FIELD OF SECURITY PSYCHOLOGY." Pedagogical Review, no. 3(43) (June 7, 2022): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2022-3-152-167.

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Рассматривается ранее неизученная проблема структурирования предметного поля новой отрасли психологического знания – психологии безопасности. Целью исследования явилось изучение актуальных тенденций и перспектив структурирования предметного поля психологии безопасности. В результате теоретического изучения проблемы установлено, что предметное пространство психологии безопасности является неоднородным и может быть структурировано по комплексу оснований: психологическим феноменам, связанным с безопасностью человека; условиям, средам и ситуациям, требующим обеспечения безопасности; видам деятельности субъектов безопасности; разновидностям или типам безопасности человека; связи с другими дисциплинами; задачам проводимых в психологии безопасности исследований. Каждое основание, используемое для структурирования психологии безопасности, позволяет обозначить в ней несколько предметных областей исследования. По психологическим феноменам, связанным с безопасностью человека, выделяются психология безопасности личности, психология представлений о безопасности, психология безопасного поведения. Ориентация на условия, среды и ситуации, требующие обеспечения безопасности, способствует обозначению предметных областей экстремальной психологии безопасности, психологии безопасности образовательных сред, психологии безопасности семьи, психологии безопасности новых цифровых сред и виртуального пространства интернет-сетей. По видам деятельности субъектов безопасности могут быть определены психология безопасности труда, психология безопасности спортивной деятельности, психология безопасности туристической деятельности. В зависимости от разновидности или типа безопасности изучают информационно-психологическую безопасность, психологию корпоративной безопасности, психологическую безопасность человека, психологию лингвистической и психолингвистической безопасности. По связи с другими дисциплинами можно рассматривать вопросы социальной психологии безопасности, экстремальной психологии безопасности, юридической психологии безопасности, возрастной психологии безопасности, политической психологии безопасности, истории психологии безопасности. По задачам исследований, проводимых в психологии безопасности, могут быть охарактеризованы ее фундаментальный и прикладной разделы. Установлено, что каждая предметная область психологии безопасности обладает собственным вектором изучения определенного психологического аспекта безопасности человека и характеризуется конкретным предметом исследования, позволяющим конкретизировать его цель и задачи. Предметные области психологии безопасности характеризуются разным уровнем развития. Высока вероятность оформления новых областей психологии безопасности. Впервые проведенная в работе целостная рефлексия особенностей организации предметного поля психологии безопасности дает возможность увидеть сильные и слабые стороны становления дисциплины, создавая предпосылки для стимулирования процесса ее развития. Представленный материал может оказаться также полезным для разработки нового учебного курса «Психология безопасности». The previously unexplored problem of structuring the subject field of a new branch of psychological knowledge – security psychology is considered. The purpose of the study was to study current trends and prospects for structuring the subject field of security psychology. As a result of the theoretical study of the problem, it is established that the subject space of security psychology is heterogeneous and can be structured according to a set of grounds: psychological phenomena related to human security; conditions, environments and situations requiring security; by types of activities of security subjects; by varieties or types of human security; by connection with other disciplines; by tasks of research conducted in security psychology. Each basis used for structuring security psychology allows us to identify several subject areas of research in it. According to psychological phenomena related to human security, the psychology of personal security, the psychology of ideas about security, and the psychology of safe behavior are distinguished. Orientation to the conditions, environments and situations requiring security contributes to the designation of the subject areas of extreme security psychology, security psychology of educational environments, family security psychology, security psychology of new digital environments and the virtual space of Internet networks. According to the types of activities of security subjects, the psychology of occupational safety, the psychology of safety of sports activities, the psychology of safety of tourism activities can be defined. Depending on the variety or type of security, they study information and psychological security, psychology of corporate security, psychological security of a person, psychology of linguistic and psycholinguistic security. In connection with other disciplines, questions of social psychology of security, extreme psychology of security, legal psychology of security, age psychology of security, political psychology of security, history of security psychology can be considered. According to the tasks of research conducted in security psychology, its fundamental and applied sections can be characterized. It is established that each subject area of security psychology has its own vector of studying a certain psychological aspect of human security and is characterized by a specific subject of research that allows to specify its purpose and objectives. The subject areas of security psychology are characterized by different levels of development. There is a high probability of registration of new areas of security psychology. For the first time, a holistic reflection of the features of the organization of the subject field of security psychology makes it possible to see the strengths and weaknesses of the formation of the discipline, creating prerequisites for stimulating the process of its development. The material presented in the article may also be useful for the development of a new training course “Security Psychology”.

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Tateo, Luca. "The "fascist" discourse in computer mediated communication: the "dual strategy" model of the Italian Extreme Right." Psicologia & Sociedade 20, no. 2 (August 2008): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-71822008000200016.

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The study is about the identity construction of Italian Extreme Right groups in different Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) environments. Rhetoric Psychology and Critical Discourse Analysis joint approaches are used to analyse two websites and two newsgroups of extreme right. The results confirm Billig's hypothesis that such groups play a dual communication strategy in Computer Mediated Communication, addressing in different ways to the outgroup and the ingroup. This communication strategy has two different functions. In self-presentation towards the outgroup, the emerging group identity fulfils the search for a wider social legitimation, consensus and recruiting. In the ingroup communication, the emerging identity construction answers to the need for preservation of group cohesion and positive self-image.

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