Дисертації з теми "Extraction de fouillis de mer"
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Michelet, Jordan. "Extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin cohérent : modèles de champ de phases, méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau, apprentissage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS048.
Повний текст джерелаWe focus on the problem of sea clutter extraction in marine radar images. The aim is to develop image processing methods allowing us to avoid assumptions about the nature of the sea clutter and the signal of interest. On the one hand, we propose an original algorithm based on a variational approach : a multiphase model with diffuse interface. The results obtained show that the algorithm is efficient when the signal of interest has a sufficiently large signal-to-clutter ratio. On the other hand, we focus on the implementation of lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion problems with non-constant advection velocity and non-zero source term. We describe the computation of the consistency obtained by asymptotic analysis at the acoustic scale and with a multiple relaxation time collision operator, and study the stability of these schemes in a particular case. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes allow removing the residual noise and to enhance the signal of interest on the image obtained with the first method. Finally, we propose a learning method allowing us to avoid assumptions on the nature of the signal of interest. Indeed, in addition to the variational approach, we propose an algorithm based on pulse-Doppler processing when the signal of interest is exo-clutter and has a low signal-to-clutter ratio. The results obtained from the proposed double auto-encoder, being comparable to the results provided by each of the two methods, allow validating this approach
Chabah, Myriam. "Détection radar de petites embarcations dans un fouillis de mer forte." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10174.
Повний текст джерелаKerbiriou, Corinne. "Développement d'une méthode d'étalonnage d'un radar transhorizon basée sur une analyse fine du fouillis de mer." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1A003.
Повний текст джерелаIdiri, Bilal. "Méthodologie d’extraction de connaissances spatio-temporelles par fouille de données pour l’analyse de comportements à risques : application à la surveillance maritime." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0086/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of positioning system technologies (AIS, radar, GPS, RFID, etc.), remote transmission (VHF, satellite, GSM, etc.), technological advances in embedded systems and low cost production, has enabled their deployment on a large scale. A huge amount of moving objects data are collected through these technologies and used in various applications such as real time monitoring surveillance of maritime traffic. The post-hoc analysis of data from moving ships and risk events may present interesting opportunities for the understanding and modeling support of risky behaviors. In this work, we propose a methodology based on Spatio-Temporal Data Mining for the knowledge discovery about potentially risky behaviors of ships. Based on this methodology, a workshop to support the analysis of behavior of ships is also proposed
Bronner, Emilie. "Amélioration des performances des radars HF à ondes de surface par étude d'antenne compacte et filtrage adaptatif appliqué à la réduction du fouillis de mer." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00078372.
Повний текст джерелаBronner, Emilie. "Amélioration des performances des radars HF à ondes de surface par étude d' antenne compacte et filtrage adaptatif appliqué à la réduction du fouillis de mer." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00078372.
Повний текст джерелаPatel, Kirti. "Extraction de métabolites bioactifs d'éponges marines du Pacifique Sud." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0006.
Повний текст джерелаThe work described in this manuscript deals with the exhaustive isolation of marine metabolites from marine sponges collected from the coast of New Georgie in Solomon Islands. A total of 65 compounds were isolated from Petrosia (Petrosia) crassa, Amorphinopsis excavans and Stylissa carteri, out if which 10 new compounds were identified. Sarasinoside B4, a new product isolated from Amorphinopsis excavans is an epimer of sarasinoside B1. Stylissazoles A-I were isolated from Stylissa carteri. Stylissazoles A-E have kinase activites and belongs to a new subclass of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles dimers, which have exclusively N-C bond between the two monomers. This new subclass of molecules constitute additional mode of dimerization and add another dimension to the molecular diversity of pyrrole-2- aminoimidazoles. This research work allowed us to deepen our knowledge about pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles and update the universal biogenetic pathway proposed previously for pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles
Le, Tixerant Matthieu. "Dynamique des activités humaines en mer côtière : application à la mer d'Iroise." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010788.
Повний текст джерелаMiret, David. "Diffraction électromagnétique par des surfaces rugueuses en incidence rasante : application à la surface de la mer." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019965.
Повний текст джерелаEriksson, Viktor. "Extraction of radio frequency quality metric from digital video broadcast streams by cable using software defined radio." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94187.
Повний текст джерелаGeslin, Philippe. "La mer, la terre et le palétuvier : technologie et transfert de techniques : l'exemple du sel chez les Susu de Guinée." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA018.
Повний текст джерелаTechnological transfers have always been current and essential actions in the story of societies. They are constituting one of the most important vector in the understanding of social groups relations. Thus the way people are bringind them into play, as well as their consequential effects are answereable to social anthropology. Technological transfer may fully form the subject of an ethnographic approach, as religion, economy and kinship. It is a social phenomenon which brings us into the heart of technological choices and transition processes. Linking the logic of different social systems, it is creating strong interactions between individuals and groups. In the first part the thesis we are describing and analysing the emergence conditions of a technological choice (salt production) in a susu community before the arrival of an ngo's program in which we were participating. This first stape respects the rule of the anthropology monographic approach. In regard to the social context we described in the first part, the second part deals with the anthropological implication modalities in such a program, knowing that in regard to the ethnographic and french ergonomic methodologies (we named anthropotechnology), we wanted to help in the conception of technical processes focusing more on the providers and users than on the pure technical aspect itself
Lozach, Sophie. "Habitats benthiques marins du bassin oriental de la Manche : enjeux écologiques dans le contexte d’extraction de granulats marins." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10163/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe natural variation in the coarse sediment benthic community was investigated over a four-year period in the context of an aggregate extraction licence project in the eastern Channel paleovalleys deposits. Six surveys were conducted: twice a year (mid-April: pre- recruitment and the end of August: post-recruitment) in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The data set obtained shows on one hand that the coarse sediment of the benthic community of the eastern English Channel paleovalleys presents an outstanding constancy over time and on another hand, it brings out new pieces of knowledge on benthic habitats typology in offshore coarse sediments (EUNIS). A complementary study on functional features showed that this benthic community has a high resistance to physical disturbance, but lower resilience. This knowledge on benthic community structure and functioning allowed the making of assumptions on the consequences of marine aggregate extraction at this site. An adaptive management of this human activity has then been proposed by the implementation of a benthic monitoring responding to ecological issues associated with marine sediment dredging. Results obtained during this study will also be a substantial input to scientific understanding of dredging impacts should the licence be delivered by French authorities
Gouali, Souhila. "Impact environnemental des anodes sacrificielles en aluminium." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2026.
Повний текст джерелаIn the marine environment, the protection of metallic structures against corrosion can be ensured by the technique of cathodic protection, thanks to sacrificial anodes made of aluminium. However, their consumption leads to increasing concentration of aluminium in waters and marine sediments. Tests featuring aluminium as a contaminant have been preceded in laboratory, using aluminium salts (aluminium sulfate and aluminium chloride) or aluminium produced by the dissolution of a sacrificial anode set up with three electrodes and controlled electric current. All results are displaying a sorption of aluminium, regardless of its source, onto the selected natural sediments. The sorbed aluminium is highly labile, and can even diffuse from sediments layers back to aqueous phase (trapped essentially in reducible fraction). Sediments turn then into a latent source of pollution. Experiments with microphytobenthos communities show clearly that they are affected by the exposure to aluminum. This sensitivity to aluminium of those primary producers constitutes a potential threat for the marine trophic network
El, Hattab Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude chimique des extraits lipidiques et huiles essentielles d'algues méditerranéennes et de l'océan atlantique : isolement et détermination structurale de nouveaux métabolites." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0015.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the chemical study of four brown algae species. The first part is a bibliographie study of the studied species. The two other parts concern the experimental work and consist of two distinct studies: (1) the study of the lipid extracts of Cladostephus hirsutus, Zonaria toumefortii and Bzfircaria Bzfircata, (2) the study of the volatile fractions of Dictyopteris membranacea. The first study has allowed the isolation and characterisation of three new secondary metabolites and ten previously described. The second study is devoted to the volatiles compounds of Dictyopteris membranacea obtained by three methods : hydrodistillation, focused micro-wave assisted hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction. The quantitative analysis of the three fractions has been realized with the GS/MS coupling, with the aim to compare their chemical composition. A mathematical modelisatlon has been done on the kinetic data of the supercritical fluid extraction
Munoz, Julie. "Extraction de l’éponge marine Axinella donnani et synthèse d’une chimiothèque d’analogues du dispacamide A." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112245/document.
Повний текст джерелаPyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles (P-2-AIs) are secondary metabolites specifically encountered in marine sponges. They are mainly found in Agelasidae, Halichondridae and Axinellidae families. Thus, the chemical study of the marine sponge Axinella donnani has led to the extension of the current knowledge about the diversity of the family and a better understanding of their biogenesis. Two batches of the sponges have been studied to lead to the isolation of 29 compounds: among them six P-2-AIs new dimers, a new mazacidin molecule and a new 3,5-bromotyrosine dimer. Their structures have been determined with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy experiments. Their absolute configuration has also been studied with circular dichroïsm. Additionally, 29 analogues of dipacamide A have been synthetized in order to test these molecules on various biological targets
Fiche, Anthony. "Distributions alpha-stable pour la caractérisation de phénomènes aléatoires observés par des capteurs placés dans un environnement maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835073.
Повний текст джерелаKanan, Rami. "Développements méthodologiques pour l’extraction et l’analyse des polluants organiques d’intérêt pour l’environnement marin : application aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14731/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe presence of hydrocarbons in the environment either as a result of oil spills at sea or due to chronic discharge is a major concern because of their ecotoxicity and their potential to bioaccumulate and thus enter the food chain. Therefore, these molecules are closely monitored and reliable analytical methods are required to identify and quantify them, for concentrations ranging from mg/L to ng/L. However, in most cases, laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons, are limited to the quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as hazardous to the environment due to their carcinogenic nature. However, polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles (PASHs) and their substituted homologs are, in chemical terms, structurally similar to PAHs, and therefore can pose similar environmental risks, i.e. they can be carcinogenic or mutagenic. In this context, the research work carried out aims to develop methodologies for the extraction and analysis of a wider range of PAHs, PASHs and their alkyl derivatives directly in oil or dissolved in the aqueous phase. Extraction protocols by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME), and methods of analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) have been developed. The results argue in favor of these methodologies both in terms of linearity of the response and in terms of sensitivity. These methodologies that have been successfully applied for the determination of analytes of interest in the water accommodated fraction and water soluble fraction prepared in the laboratory (WAF and WSF). For GC-MS-MS, while it is particularly suitable because it provides an additional level of selectivity, it is a difficult technique to implement, in particular in the case of molecules for which no calibration solutions are available. To overcome this difficulty, a reference oil containing all the target molecules was characterized. For alkylated compounds that are not commercially available, approximations were made by simple MS, based on comparative analysis of response coefficients in MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) and SIM (Single Ion Monitoring) modes. The finalized method was used to characterize the Erika fuel oil, with low variability in the results. This product can be used as a reference for the quantitative analysis of all the families of molecules identified in this study
Hassen, Barkai Allatchi. "Caractérisation d’un écoulement diphasique dans un airlift sous dépression. Application pour l’extraction des matières solides en suspension." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI038.
Повний текст джерелаBubble columns are gas-liquid contactors widely used in industry, especially in chemical, biological and mineralogical process applications. In the range of bubble columns available, the vacuum airlift is a French innovation with very interesting characteristics for hydraulic pumping, mass transfer and suspended matter separation. This thesis work is part of the development of this improved airlift, which is widely used in the industrial environment. The objective of the thesis is the hydrodynamic characterization of the airlift column under vacuum and analysis of its capacities to ensure the solid-liquid separation function. This work is exclusively experimental and the experimental setup is a vertical bubble column in plexiglass under vacuum and connected to a recirculation basin. The hydrodynamic analysis was carried out using a differential pressure sensor for the global study and using a double optical probe for local characterization. Results obtained made it possible to study flow regime. The main parameters obtained are the void fraction, superficial velocity and bubbles diameter. Particle Image Velocimetry is applied to visualize and analyze the flow structures in the recirculation basin. The extracting capacities of the column were studied in tap water with the addition of surfactants. Soluble casein and Methyl Iso Butyl Carbinol (MIBC) are the two surfactants that have given the best results in terms of solid-liquid separation of suspended matter. This work contributed to the understanding hydrodynamics for vacuum airlift column and helped to highlight the potential of this column in the solid-liquid separation process. This work also opens the way to numerical modelling of airlift column hydrodynamics from experimental results