Дисертації з теми "Extinction methods"
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Faller, Beáta. "Combinatorial and probabilistic methods in biodiversity theory." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3985.
Li, Linlin, Shiyin Shen, Jinliang Hou, Fangting Yuan, Jing Zhong, Hu Zou, Xu Zhou, et al. "GALACTIC EXTINCTION AND REDDENING FROM THE SOUTH GALACTIC CAP u -BAND SKY SURVEY: u -BAND GALAXY NUMBER COUNTS AND u − r COLOR DISTRIBUTION." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623264.
Cole, Selina R. "Phylogeny, Diversification, and Extinction Selectivity in Camerate Crinoids." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492594839778373.
Corey, Sarah J. "Understanding Amphibian Vulnerability to Extinction: A Phylogenetic and Spatial Approach." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244036842.
Rådahl, Elmer. "Extinction in the solar neighborhood : A comparative study of two methods used to measure reddening towards individual stars." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Observationell astrofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296426.
Interstellär extinktion och rödfärgning är oundvikliga osäkerhetskällor i studiet av astronomiska objekt. Många kreativa sätt att mäta dess effekter har utvecklats, av vilka två utvärderas i denna studie. Jag tillämpar två nyligen förbättrade metoder för att uppskatta utsläckning mot enskilda stjärnor, en baserad på interstellär absorption av natrium och den andra baserad på opacitetskartor över det interstellära mediet. Metoderna tillämpas på 14 stjärnor i solens närområde, alla inom ett avstånd av 250 pc, och deras resultat jämförs. Jag finner att båda metoderna har allvarliga begränsningar och stora osäkerheter, men ändå kan vara användbara under rätt förutsättningar. Jag ger också förslag på hur metoderna kan förbättras.
Myers, Alexandra. "A computational study of the effect of cross wind on the flow of fire fighting agent." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMyers.pdf.
Myburgh, Erena. "Evaluating methods for fire protection and related fire risk categories in rural towns of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20066.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water flows required for fire protection (fire flows) from water distribution systems (WDS) in rural towns in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were evaluated as part of this research project. The fire flow requirements specified in different South African guidelines, as well as a number of international standards, were compared. Various guidelines and codes used in South Africa, including the South African National Standards, specify fire flow requirements according to the risk category of the area concerned. Alternative methods of firefighting and new firefighting technologies that can reduce the reliance on potable water resources for firefighting were evaluated. The traditional method of designing a WDS to provide potable water for firefighting, commonly employed in South African municipal areas formed the focus of the study. The potential fire risk costs (potential costs of damages if a fire was to occur) should also be considered, in addition to the network construction costs, when designing a WDS, in order to determine the most economically feasible option. Data obtained from the fire departments of three municipalities in rural towns of the Western Cape, was analysed to determine the actual flow rates that were required to extinguish fires in these towns. The records considered covered approximately one year in each case and included a total of 564 fire incident reports suitable for this study. According to the data, a small fraction (11%) of the fires was extinguished using water from the WDS by connecting firefighting equipment directly to a fire hydrant. The majority of the fires were extinguished by means of water ejected from a firefighting vehicle. This method implies the use of water drawn from the potable network at a certain location; the water is shuttled by firefighting vehicles, from either the fire station or from a central abstraction point in the WDS. The location of the said abstraction point was found to have a notable impact on the WDS and this received attention in this study. The data showed that 99.8% of the flows required in rural towns were lower than the flows recommended for moderate risk areas in typical South African guidelines. Hydraulic modelling of a hypothetical WDS model was conducted to illustrate that the provision of fire flows according to commonly used South African fire flow standards leads to higher costs. The latter hypothetical case study illustrates that designing a network to provide fire flows according to the referred standards resulted in 15% higher costs, compared to designing a network that would have provided for the actual recorded fire flows according to the data set obtained from the selected rural towns compiled for this study. The hypothetical case study also showed that the cost for a WDS, where sufficient pressure is required at all hydrants during peak fire flows, is 2.4% higher than the cost for a distribution system where water is supplied via predetermined hydrants for refilling firefighting vehicles. A WDS with central, predetermined abstraction points for refilling firefighting vehicles offers a solution to providing fire flows in areas where the distribution systems may be inadequate. The revision of the current fire flow standards of South Africa would, therefore, be a logical next step along with the reassessment of methods used for supplying fire flows.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water vloei vir brandbestryding (brandvloei) uit waterverspreidingstelsels (WVS) in plattelandse dorpe in die Wes-Kaap, Suid Afrika, is as deel van hierdie navorsingsprojek geëvalueer. Die brandvloei soos gespesifiseer in verskillende Suid-Afrikaanse riglyne, asook ʼn aantal internasionale standaarde is vergelyk. Verskeie riglyne en kodes wat in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, insluitende die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Standaarde, spesifiseer brandvloei-vereistes op grond van die risiko-kategorie van ʼn spesifieke gebied. ʼn Verskeidenheid alternatiewe metodes vir brandbestryding en nuwe brandbestrydings-tegnologieë is ondersoek, om sodoende die afhanklikheid van ons beperkte drinkbare waterbronne vir brandbestryding te verminder. Die tradisionele metode om water aan munisipale areas te voorsien, die gebruik van ʼn WVS, is ook geassesseer. Hierdie metodes dui daarop dat die potensiële brandgevaar-kostes (potensiële koste van skade indien ʼn brand sou plaas vind) ook in ag geneem moet word, tesame met die konstruksie kostes van ʼn WVS, om sodoende die mees ekonomies haalbare netwerk te bepaal. Data wat verkry is vanaf die brandweer departement van drie plattelandse munisipaliteite in die Wes-Kaap is ontleed om die werklike vloei-tempos vas te stel wat nodig was om brande te blus in hierdie dorpe. Die data is verkry vir ʼn tydperk van een jaar en 564 brandverslae was bruikbaar vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie. Volgens die data was ʼn lae aantal (11%) van die brande geblus vanuit die WVS deur die koppeling van brandbestrydingstoerusting direk aan ʼn brandkraan. Die meeste van die brande is geblus met behulp van water wat voorsien is deur ʼn brandbestrydingsvoertuig. Met hierdie metode word water deur die brandbestrydings-voertuie aangery vanaf die brandweerstasie of onttrek vanuit ʼn sentrale ontrekkingspunt in die WVS. Daar is gevind dat die ligging van laasgenoemde ontrekkingspunt ʼn beduidende impak op die WVS het – hierdie aspek is daarom verder ondersoek. Die data het getoon dat 99.8% van die vloei-tempo’s wat nodig is om brande te blus in plattelandse dorpe, laer is as die brandvloei riglyne vir matige risiko-areas volgens tipes Suid-Afrikaanse standaarde. Hidrouliese modellering van ʼn hipotetiese WVS is uitgevoer om te illustreer dat die verskaffing van brandvloei volgens die standaarde wat algemeen gebruik word, hoër kostes tot gevolg het. Die laasgenoemde hipotetiese gevallestudie illustreer dat ʼn netwerk ontwerp om brandvloei te verskaf volgens die huidige standaarde 15% duurder is as vir netwerke wat ontwerp is om die werklike aangetekende brandvloei te voorsien soos getoon deur die veld-data wat vir hierdie studie verkry is. Die hipotetiese gevallestudie het ook getoon dat die koste vir ʼn WVS, waar voldoende drukke gehandhaaf moet word by alle brandkrane terwyl piek brand vloeie voorsien word, 2.4% duurder is as vir ʼn WVS waar die brandvloei verskaf word by voorafbepaalde brandkrane vir die hervulling van brandbestrydingsvoertuie. ʼn WVS met sentrale onttrekkingspunte vir die hervulling van brandbestrydingsvoertuie, bied ʼn metode om brandvloei te voorsien in gebiede waar die WVS onvoldoende is, bv. informele nedersettings. Die hersiening van die huidige brandvloei standaarde van Suid Afrika sou dus ʼn logiese volgende stap wees, tesame met die herevaluering van die metodes wat gebruik word vir die verskaffing van brandvloei.
Sennblad, Adina. "Effects of past fragmentation and habitat loss and current management methods on the changes in vascular plant communities. : An evaluation of extinction debt in semi-natural grasslands in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447366.
Caumont-Prim, Chloé. "Détermination de la distribution de taille des nanoparticules de suie par analyse du spectre d'extinction et de diffusion angulaire de la lumière." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800137.
Hautphenne, Sophie. "An algorithmic look at phase-controlled branching processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210255.
Our objective is to develop numerical methods to answer several questions about Markovian binary trees. The issue of the extinction probability is the main question addressed in the thesis. We first assume independence between individuals. In this case, the extinction probability is the minimal nonnegative solution of a matrix fixed point equation which can generally not be solved analytically. In order to solve this equation, we develop a linear algorithm based on functional iterations, and a quadratic algorithm, based on Newton's method, and we give their probabilistic interpretation in terms of the tree.
Next, we look at some transient features for a Markovian binary tree: the distribution of the population size at any given time, of the time until extinction and of the total progeny. These distributions are obtained using the Kolmogorov and the renewal approaches.
We illustrate the results mentioned above through an example where the Markovian binary tree serves as a model for female families in different countries, for which we use real data provided by the World Health Organization website.
Finally, we analyze the case where Markovian binary trees evolve under the external influence of a random environment or a catastrophe process. In this case, individuals do not behave independently of each other anymore, and the extinction probability may no longer be expressed as the solution of a fixed point equation, which makes the analysis more complicated. We approach the extinction probability, through the study of the population size distribution, by purely numerical methods of resolution of partial differential equations, and also by probabilistic methods imposing constraints on the external process or on the maximal population size.
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Les processus de branchements sont des processus stochastiques décrivant l'évolution de populations d'individus qui se reproduisent et meurent indépendamment les uns des autres, suivant des lois de probabilités spécifiques.
Nous considérons une classe particulière de processus de branchement, appelés arbres binaires Markoviens, dans lesquels la vie d'un individu et ses instants de reproduction sont contrôlés par un MAP. Notre objectif est de développer des méthodes numériques pour répondre à plusieurs questions à propos des arbres binaires Markoviens.
La question de la probabilité d'extinction d'un arbre binaire Markovien est la principale abordée dans la thèse. Nous faisons tout d'abord l'hypothèse d'indépendance entre individus. Dans ce cas, la probabilité d'extinction s'exprime comme la solution minimale non négative d'une équation de point fixe matricielle, qui ne peut être résolue analytiquement. Afin de résoudre cette équation, nous développons un algorithme linéaire, basé sur l'itération fonctionnelle, ainsi que des algorithmes quadratiques, basés sur la méthode de Newton, et nous donnons leur interprétation probabiliste en termes de l'arbre que l'on étudie.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite à certaines caractéristiques transitoires d'un arbre binaire Markovien: la distribution de la taille de la population à un instant donné, celle du temps jusqu'à l'extinction du processus et celle de la descendance totale. Ces distributions sont obtenues en utilisant l'approche de Kolmogorov ainsi que l'approche de renouvellement.
Nous illustrons les résultats mentionnés plus haut au travers d'un exemple où l'arbre binaire Markovien sert de modèle pour des populations féminines dans différents pays, et pour lesquelles nous utilisons des données réelles fournies par la World Health Organization.
Enfin, nous analysons le cas où les arbres binaires Markoviens évoluent sous une influence extérieure aléatoire, comme un environnement Markovien aléatoire ou un processus de catastrophes. Dans ce cas, les individus ne se comportent plus indépendamment les uns des autres, et la probabilité d'extinction ne peut plus s'exprimer comme la solution d'une équation de point fixe, ce qui rend l'analyse plus compliquée. Nous approchons la probabilité d'extinction au travers de l'étude de la distribution de la taille de la population, à la fois par des méthodes purement numériques de résolution d'équations aux dérivées partielles, ainsi que par des méthodes probabilistes en imposant des contraintes sur le processus extérieur ou sur la taille maximale de la population.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rivière, Annise. "Granulométrie d'un liquide dispersé par explosif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0003.
As part of its studies on detonation, the CEA at Gramat is interested in the dispersion of liquids in air, with high speed/energy constraints and multi-scale aspects. Measuring the particle size of the dispersed liquid is attracting a great deal of interest, but is proving complex because no commercial solution can be used under these particular conditions. However, under these conditions and given the impossibility of using laser sources in a pyrotechnic environment, no commercial solution is available. For this thesis, a new granulometry identification method was developed, based on a measurement known as "extinction", which is particularly easy to deploy and robust in harsh environments. This is a multispectral approach (measurement with cameras or a spectrometer) using a regularised inversion method in the sense of Tikhonov, based on the measure of spectral transmissions and which makes it possible to reconstruct the granulometry of the latter a posteriori using the Beer-Lambert law combined with the Mie model. Given the complexity of the phenomena involved in using explosives for dispersion, the method developed was tested on liquid dispersions reproduced on a small scale on sprays. The general method was developed by exploiting spectral information from controlled water sprays confined in an enclosure placed in a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (high resolution). However, as this equipment is poorly suited to field conditions, the measurement method was downgraded by using cameras that allow "low resolution" but faster measurements. The use of an infrared camera operating in the 2-5 µm spectral band with spectral filters and a flat black body was therefore tested to monitor changes in spray particle size as a function of time. This method was subsequently applied to water dispersions using explosives, with promising results. The complete measurement and analysis process was therefore validated at each stage of the study
Skousen, Aaron Bradley. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Pressurized Oxy-Coal Reactor Exhaust System." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7518.
Liu, Yang, and Ziyu Wang. "The Numerical Computation Method of Physical Quantity of Dust Concentration Based on Matlab." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19149.
SOSSET, CATHERINE. "Extinction ovarienne precoce et anticorps anti-ovaires : reevaluation de l'origine auto-immune a l'aide d'une methode de dosage de type elisa." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6544.
Chakwizira, Emmanuel. "Growth and development of 'Pasja' and kale crops grown with two methods and four rates of phosphorus (P) application : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters [i.e. Master] of Agricultural Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/929.
Perçin, Berk Tan. "On a new method for the stochastic perturbation of the disease transmission coefficient in SIS Models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24397/.
al, @Haddad Mostapha. "Théorie statistique de la diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10046.
Menon, K. Rajalakshmi. "Application Of High Frequency Natural Resonances Extracted From Electromagnetic Scattering Response For Discrimination Of Radar Targets With Minor Variations." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/159.
Menon, K. Rajalakshmi. "Application Of High Frequency Natural Resonances Extracted From Electromagnetic Scattering Response For Discrimination Of Radar Targets With Minor Variations." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/159.
Corradini, S. "Aerosol extinction coefficient profile retrieval procedure for satellite measurements in multiple scattering atmosphere." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4762.
Università degli Studi di Genova. DIpartimento Per lo studio del TErritorio e delle sue RISorse (DIPTERIS)
Unpublished
1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
open
Wong, Ananda Victor. "Acquisition and extinction across multiple virtual reality contexts: implications for specific phobias and current treatment methods." Thesis, 2020. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/65155/4/JCU_65155_Wong_2020_thesis.pdf.
de, Carvalho SJ. "Entangled solidarity : poetic gestures embody relational methods of with-nessing more than-human witnesses to the 6th mass extinction." Thesis, 2022. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/47652/.
(9794897), Hayley Etherton. "To cry or not to cry? Understanding parents’ views on and uptake of infant sleep and settling interventions." Thesis, 2023. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/To_cry_or_not_to_cry_Understanding_parents_views_on_and_uptake_of_infant_sleep_and_settling_interventions/22872965.
Hung, Ko-Li, and 洪各立. "The study of modified time domain extinction method measurement and the double Rayleigh backscattering in Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifier." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57123413434638394808.
國立東華大學
電機工程學系
94
Raman fiber amplifier is more and more important due to the successful development of high power laser diode. Because Raman amplifier is distributed amplifier, the noise in amplifier will increase gradually. Double Rayleigh scattering is the most important noise. Noise performance become a key condition in Raman amplifier. In our thesis, we built a structure based on modified time domain extinction method(TDE method), observe the measurement of double Rayleigh scattering by changing the modulate frequency of AOM, the duty cycle of AOM, and the resolution of OSA. We hope to develop a measurement method of measure double Rayleigh backscattering. According the results of the measurement, we decide to setup the duty cycle of AOM1 and AOM2 in 10% and 50%, the frequency is set in 1MHz to measure the double Rayleigh scattering. We use the TDE method by our setup to compare noise characteristic of the five types of Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifier with different pumping direction and different order of EDFA and Raman amplifier to measure the double Rayleigh scattering. We get 56.8dB to 61.8dB Optical Signal to Noise Ratio(OSNR) in the optimum configuration that used EDFA in front of backward pumping RA. In the Raman amplifier, the transmission signal will produce highly double Rayleigh backscattering, it will reduce the noise performance. For this, this thesis setup a system can measure the double Rayleigh back scattering effective, it will be helpful for measure the double Rayleigh backscattering. We also find the optimum structure of Raman/EDFA hybrid fiber amplifier.
Mitterboeck, T. Fatima. "Consequences of Insect Flight Loss for Molecular Evolutionary Rates and Diversification." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3679.
Generously funded by NSERC with a Canada Graduate Scholarship and the Government of Ontario with an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to T. Fatima Mitterboeck; NSERC with a Discovery Grant to Dr. Sarah J. Adamowicz