Дисертації: "Extension de soi"

1

Schiano-Lomoriello, Sandrine. "Contribution à la validation empirique et extension conceptuelle du modèle 2X2 : application aux domaines scolaire et sportif." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22080.pdf.

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2

Nachit, Oussama. "Mieux comprendre l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi du consommateur : une application à un objet connecté." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMOND008.

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Dans un monde technologiquement avancé où les objets connectés deviennent une partie de notre identité personnelle, cette thèse examine les relations entre les individus et leur montre connectée à travers les prismes de l'EXPansion de soi (Aron et Aron, 1986) et de l'EXTension de soi (Belk, 1988). Cette recherche met en lumière la manière complexe et riche dont les individus intègrent ces dispositifs dans leur conception de soi, modulant ainsi leur attachement et leur intention de poursuivre l'utilisation de ces technologies. Ainsi, la problématique de ce travail doctoral s'articule comme suit : « Quelles sont les relations entretenues par les individus avec leur montre connectée via l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi, et l'impact de ces dernières sur l'attachement et la continuité d'utilisation de ces montres ? » Cette question a conduit à une enquête structurée autour de quatre questions de recherche spécifiques qui cherchent à explorer les manifestations de ces processus psychologiques dans le cadre des interactions avec une montre connectée. Cette recherche adopte une approche mixte, combinant des analyses qualitatives pour détailler les expériences des utilisateurs avec leurs montres connectées, suivies de deux études quantitatives pour mesurer l'impact des motivations d'achat et des attributs de la montre sur l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi. Les méthodes employées ont permis de valider les relations hypothétiques entre les construits théoriques et les comportements des utilisateurs. Les résultats révèlent que les montres connectées sont perçues non seulement comme des outils fonctionnels mais aussi comme des éléments essentiels de l'identité des utilisateurs. Les résultats montrent que les motivations d'achat agentiques et les attributs de la montre impactent directement l'EXPansion de soi, qui à son tour facilite l'EXTension de soi, menant à un plus grand attachement et une intention renforcée de continuer à utiliser la montre. Ces résultats soulignent la séquentialité des processus d'EXPansion et d'EXTension de soi dans la formation de l'attachement aux objets connectés. Les implications de cette recherche sont significatives pour les fabricants de montres connectées, et les apports théoriques multiples s'inscrivent dans la littérature portant sur l'EXPansion et L'EXTension de soi. La thèse reconnaît les limites liées à la focalisation sur les montres connectées et suggère d'élargir l'analyse à d'autres technologies portables pour examiner si les découvertes se généralisent à d'autres dispositifs
In a technologically advanced world where connected objects become a part of our personal identity, this thesis examines the relationships between individuals and their smartwatches through the prisms of self-EXPansion (Aron and Aron, 1986) and self-EXTension (Belk, 1988). This research highlights the complex and rich manner in which individuals integrate these devices into their self-concept, thus modulating their attachment and intention to continue using these technologies. Therefore, the central problem of this doctoral work is articulated as follows: "What are the relationships maintained by individuals with their smartwatch via self-EXPansion and self-EXTension, and the impact of these processes on the attachment and continued use of these watches?" This question led to a structured investigation around four specific research questions that seek to explore the manifestations of these psychological processes in the context of interactions with a smartwatch.This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analyses to detail the experiences of users with their smartwatches, followed by two quantitative studies to measure the impact of purchase motivations and watch attributes on self-EXPansion and self-EXTension. The methods used validated the hypothetical relationships between the theoretical constructs and user behaviors. The findings reveal that smartwatches are perceived not only as functional tools but also as essential elements of the users' identity. The results show that agentic purchase motivations and the attributes of the watch directly impact self-EXPansion, which in turn facilitates self-EXTension, leading to greater attachment and a reinforced intention to continue using the watch. These results underscore the sequentiality of the self-EXPansion and self-EXTension processes in the formation of attachment to connected objects.The implications of this research are significant for manufacturers of smartwatches, and the multiple theoretical contributions fit into the literature on self-EXPansion and self-EXTension.The thesis acknowledges the limitations related to the focus on smartwatches and suggests broadening the analysis to other wearable technologies to examine whether the findings generalize to other devices

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3

Lallement, Guénolé. "Extension of socs mission capabilities by offering near-zero-power performances and enabling continuous functionality for Iot systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0573.

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Les développements récents dans le domaine des circuits intégrés (IC) à basse tension ont ouvert la voie à des dispositifs électroniques économes en énergie dans un réseau mondial en plein essor appelé l’internet des objets (IoT) ou l’internet des choses (IoE). Cependant, la durabilité de tous ces capteurs interconnectés est compromise par le besoin constant d’une batterie embarquée – qui doit être rechargée ou remplacée – ou d’un récupérateur d’énergie à rendement très limité. La consommation d’énergie des systèmes électroniques grand public actuels est en effet cinquante fois plus élevée que celle d’un collecteur d’une taille de l’ordre du cm 2 , ou limitée à quelques mois sur une petite batterie. Cela contraint la viabilité de solutions fonctionnant à l’échelle d’une vie humaine. Les systèmes sur puce (SoCs) à venir nécessitent donc de relever le défi de cette lacune énergétique en optimisant l’architecture, de la technologie au niveau du système. L’approche technique de ce travail vise à démontrer la faisabilité d’un SoC efficient, ultra-basse tension (ULV) et ultra-basse puissance (ULP) utilisant exclusivement les dernières directives industrielles en matière de technologies FD-SOI (Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator) 28 nm et 22 nm. Plusieurs SoCs multi-domaines basés sur des cœurs ARM sont implémentés pour démontrer des stratégies de réveil basées sur les entrées des capteurs. Ainsi, en optimisant l’architecture du système, en sélectionnant et en concevant correctement les composants avec des caractéristiques technologiques choisies de manière adéquate, et en ajustant soigneusement l’implémentation physique, on obtient un SoC entièrement optimisé en énergie
Recent developments in the field of low voltage integrated circuits (IC) have paved the way towards energy efficient electronic devices in a booming global network called the internet-of-things (IoT) or the internet-of-everything (IoE). However, the sustainability of all these inter- connected sensors is still undermined by the constant need for either an on-board battery – that must be recharged or replaced – or an energy harvester with very limited power efficiency. The power consumption of present consumer electronic systems is fifty times higher than the energy available by cm 2-size harvester or limited to a few months on a small battery, thus hardly viable for lifetime solutions. Upcoming systems-on-chip (SoCs) must overcome the challenge of this energy gap by architecture optimizations from technology to system level. The technical approach of this work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient ultra-low-voltage (ULV) and ultra-low-power (ULP) SoC using exclusively latest industrial guidelines in 28 nm and 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technologies. Several multi-power-domain SoCs based on ARM cores are implemented to demonstrate wake up strategies based on sensors inputs. By optimizing the system architecture, properly selecting and designing compo- nents with technology features chosen adequately, carefully tuning the implementation, a fully energy-optimized SoC is realized

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Silveira, Patrícia Borges [UNESP]. "Influencia da escala nos resultados de estimativa de perda de solo por meio da EUPS." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152620.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Dentre os recursos naturais que o homem necessita para sobreviver, o solo se insere na lista dos mais importantes, sendo um dos suportes da produção agrícola, a fim de abastecer as populações. Contudo, pesquisadores do mundo todo têm alertado que devido à pressão de uso e ocupação da terra, os solos tendem a se modificarem pela força da água e dos ventos o que ocasionará a formação de desertos. Assim, visando contribuir com estudos que buscam a preservação e conservação dos solos para fins agrícolas, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo colaborar com o aprimoramento de modelo preditivo de erosão (EUPS), visando uma melhor aproximação entre os dados de estimativa de perda de solo obtidos com o modelo e os dados registrados em campo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos e avaliar as hipóteses formuladas, a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo, EUPS, foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Alam Grei, na escala de 1:10.000, utilizando três diferentes técnicas de obtenção dos valores referentes ao fator topográfico da EUPS. Tais resultados foram comparados com os dados obtidos em duas vertentes selecionadas dessa bacia na escala de detalhe de 1:1.000, a fim de verificar como a escala interfere nos resultados obtidos com o referido modelo. Os resultados mostraram que a escala de maior detalhe favorece a obtenção de dados de melhor qualidade, a fim de apresentar valores finais de EPS mais reais, já que permite a obtenção de dados menos generalizados. Além disso, os valores de estimativa de perda de solo adquiridos com o modelo EUPS foram comparados com duas parcelas de experimentação, pinos de erosão e calhas de Gerlach, indicando valores muito discrepantes dos dados reais de perda de solo. Dessa forma, entende-se que a variedade de dados encontrados na presente pesquisa demonstra a necessidade de se concentrar esforços na busca de obtenção de valores mais satisfatórios dos parâmetros que compõem a EUPS, a fim de que o modelo citado, amplamente usado no mundo todo, possa ser um instrumento que forneça subsídios a fim de planejar e viabilizar ações de uso e ocupação da terra e práticas conservacionistas que visem amenizar o desencadeamento dos processos erosivos em áreas agrícolas.
Among the natural resources that man needs to survive, the soil is included in the list of the most important, since without it the agricultural production, in order to supply the populations, becomes unfeasible. However, researchers around the world have warned that due to improper exploitation, the world's soils tend to change by force of water and wind, which will lead to the formation of uninhabitable deserts. Thus, in order to contribute to studies that seek the preservation and conservation of soils for agricultural purposes, this research aims to collaborate with the improvement of the predictive model of erosion (EUPS), aiming at a better approximation between the data of estimation of soil losses obtained with the model and the data registered in the field. In order to reach the proposed objectives and to evaluate the hypotheses formulated, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) was applied in the Alam Grei river basin, in the scale of 1: 10,000, using three different techniques to obtain the values referring to the topographic factor of the EUPS. These results were compared with the data obtained in two selected slopes of this basin in the detail scale of 1: 1,000, in order to verify how the scale interferes in the results obtained with said model. The results showed that the scale of detail favors the obtaining of data of better quality, in order to present final values of more real EPS, since it allows obtaining data less generalized. In addition, the soil loss estimation values acquired with the EUPS model were compared with two experimental plots, erosion pins and Gerlach gutters, indicating very discrepant values of the actual soil loss data. In this way, it is understood that the variety of data found in the present study demonstrates the need to concentrate efforts in the search for obtaining more satisfactory values of the parameters that make up the EUPS, so that the model mentioned, widely used worldwide, can be an instrument that provides subsidies in order to plan and make feasible land use and occupation actions and conservation practices aimed at mitigating the triggering of erosion processes in agricultural areas.
CNPq: 141619/2014-7

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Hu, Zhongyuan, and 胡中原. "Extension landfill planning : food waste, composting plant design, garbage separation, Shenzhen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207157.

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Shenzhen is a fast growing modern city. In 1980, Shezhen was just a fishing village. With the urbanization, it extended land inside. In 2000, Shenzhen land use has already exploited 80%. With the urbanization, there are many migrant workers go to work and settle down in Shenzhen. The population grow up from 314,100to 10,357,938 in these thirty years. With the population growth, the problem is the garbage production volume increase more and more. Now, Shenzhen garbage production is 13,100t/d and the annual growth rate is 8%. There are 8 districts in Shenzhen, which is Nanshan, Futian, Baoan, Luohu, Yantian, Longgang, Guangming and Pingshan district. Nanshan, Futian and Luohu district are downtown of Shenzhen. The other districts are still in developing process. In Shenzhen, there are 9 existing landfills and 7 existing incineration plants and 23 small informal landfills. With the urbanization, the relationship between landfills and city are changing. At the beginning, landfills were set far away the city. Their distance become closer and closer when both of them extended. Until now, some of landfills has connected and existed in the middle of city. For the land use situation of shenzhen. There are 80% land use has already been exploited which means there is no more land for landfill in the future. However, the garbage volume increasing more and more and landfill is still the main way to treat garbage. It is a very serious issue need to face and solve. The garbage structure of shenzhen is, construction waste occupied 78% and 22% belongs to domestic waste. In this 22% domestic waste, food waste occupied 65%. Food waste is the biggest problem of pollution. However, the existing domestic waste treatment is still dumping the mix garbage to landfill. When food waste mix with the other domestic waste together, they will decompose and the produce a lot of biogas and dioxin and so on. It will produce serious air pollution, soil pollution and produce germs. That is why the existing landfill produce so serious pollution to the city. In other aspect, food waste is a good energy if we use it correctly. It could change to energy and fertilizer by biogas collecting, composting and chang to diesels. In Shenzhen, the government has already pay attention to garbage separation. Some communities has already implement garbage separation action. These are 3 large landfill of Shenzhen. The first one is Xiaping landfill of Luohu, the second one is Laohukeng landfill of Baoan and the yahoo landfill of Pingshan district. Base on the location situation, Yahoo landfill will be a best choice to make it as an experimental plot to plan. In Yahoo landfill, the existing landfill has already influenced thirty thousand surrounding people’s life. In future, the extension landfill will connect to the the residents area and polluted more seriously. So how to maximum reduce the pollutions is a urgent problem need to solve. The strategy is separating two part to solve garbage in this landfill. One for dumping, the other one is food waste composting. When the food waste composted to fertilizer, it will be transported to the surround farm lands to use.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture

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Carroll, Daniel P. "Development of a GIS extension for liquefaction hazard analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22960.

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Senn, Ashley Arthur. "Experiential learning as a basis for extension practice with Maltese vegetable growers of western Sydney /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030812.082913/index.html.

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Thesis (MSc. Sys. Ag. (Honors))--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1994.
"A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement of the Degree of Master of Science (Hons) in Systems Agriculture."

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Pukhanov, Alexander. "WiFi Extension for Drought Early-Warning Detection System Components." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123436.

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Excessive droughts on the African continent have caused the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute to launch a program of gathering data in hopes of producing models for rainfalls and droughts. A sensor capable of gathering such data has already been chosen, however there remains the problem of conveniently retrieving data from each of the sensors spread over a large area of land. To accomplish this goal, a small, cheap and efficient wireless capable module would need to be used. A possible candidate is the new WiFi-module from Espress if designated ESP8266. It is an extremely cheap and versatile wireless SoC that is able to perform the task of a wireless communications adapter for the sensor unit. The point of this thesis is to investigate the suitability of IEEE 802.11 for the task, and produce a piece of firmware for the ESP8266. The firmware shall enable it to be attached to a sensor and operate as a wireless mesh node in a self-organizing WLAN sensor network, enabling data retrieval via WiFi multi-hop deliveries.

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Shi, Meng [Verfasser]. "Phenomenology of U(1)Lμ-Lτ Gauge Extension of the Standard Model at LHC / Meng Shi". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238687482/34.

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Hörner, Denise [Verfasser]. "The Role of Extension and Sustainable Soil Management in Smallholder Agriculture - Evidence from Ethiopia / Denise Hörner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218299185/34.

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Santos, Sara Dereste dos. "Caracterização elétrica de transistores SOI sem extensão de fonte e dreno com estrutura planar e vertical (3D)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-25112014-113320/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar transistores estado da arte desenvolvidos no imec, Bélgica, e dessa forma, contribuir para a evolução tecnológica do Brasil. Tratam-se de transistores sem extensão de fonte e dreno (SemExt), analisados sob diferentes aspectos. São estudados transistores SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) de múltiplas portas (MuGFETs) e SOI planares de camada de silício e óxido enterrado ultrafinos (UTBB). Diversos comprimentos de óxido espaçador são comparados a fim de se determinar o melhor comportamento elétrico, baseado nas características digital e analógica desses transistores. A caracterização elétrica dos transistores é realizada com base em medidas experimentais estáticas e dinâmicas e o uso de simulações numéricas complementa a análise dos resultados. Os MuGFETs de porta tripla são caracterizados em função dos principais parâmetros digitais e analógicos, onde os transistores sem extensão de fonte e dreno (F/D) apresentam desempenho elétrico superior aos com extensão na maior parte das análises. Como exemplo, obteve-se experimentalmente que a inclinação de sublimiar do dispositivo sem extensão reduziu até 75 mV/dec, quando comparado com o valor do transistor de referência de 545 mV/dec para o comprimento efetivo de canal, Leff=50 nm. Apesar do transistor sem extensão apresentar menor transcondutância (gm), a razão das correntes no estado ligado (Ion) e desligado (Ioff) é até 3 vezes maior que nos dispositivos de referência. O ganho intrínseco de tensão (AV), por sua vez, é capaz de aumentar até 9 dB em relação ao dispositivo com sobreposição de porta, graças ao melhor desempenho da eficiência do transistor (gm/IDS) assim como da tensão Early (VEA). Da mesma forma, os SOI UTBB apresentam melhores resultados quando as regiões de extensão de fonte e dreno são suprimidas da estrutura. Neste caso, o comprimento efetivo de canal torna-se modulável com a tensão de porta, ou seja, para cada valor de tensão na porta, haverá um valor diferente de Leff, e esta é a principal razão para a melhoria do transistor. Além disso, os dispositivos sem extensão são mais imunes ao campo elétrico horizontal do dreno, o que diminui a influência deste campo sobre as cargas do canal. Como resultado, transistores com maiores comprimentos de regiões sem extensões de F/D apresentam melhores resultados como, por exemplo, a razão Ion/Ioff é três vezes maior que aqueles observados nos transistores de referência e o ganho intrínseco de tensão é 60% maior. Os SOI UTBB são submetidos a duas outras análises. A primeira focada no estudo de ruído de baixa frequência. Neste estudo, duas espessuras de camada de silício (tSi) do SOI UTBB são comparadas. Nota-se que quanto mais fina a espessura tSi, maior é a influência de uma interface sobre a outra. Logo, o ruído presente em uma interface afeta a outra e vice-versa. Devido ao elevado acoplamento entre a 1ª e 2ª interfaces, cargas alocadas em diferentes posições nos filmes de óxido e silício podem contribuir para o ruído gerado em ambas as interfaces. Os transistores sem extensão também são analisados em função do dielétrico de porta, onde dispositivos com dióxido de silício são comparados aos transistores com dielétrico de alto valor (alto K), que fornecem, como esperado, maior nível de ruído devido a maior densidade de armadilhas na interface desses óxidos (cerca de duas ordens de grandeza maior que a do SiO2). O segundo estudo refere-se a análise do distúrbio em células de memória de corpo flutuante (FBRAM). Os transistores SOI UTBB são aplicados como memória e através da mudança nas polarizações de repouso foi possível induzir o efeito de distúrbio nos dados armazenados. Dessa forma, uma janela de operação onde a perturbação no dado é parcial foi estimada. Com isso, a condição de escrita do bit 0 pôde ser otimizada fora da região de distúrbio total, sem prejudicar o tempo de retenção e a janela de leitura da memória. Com base nas análises realizadas, foi constatado que os transistores sem extensão respondem melhor à questão do escalamento, sendo menos susceptíveis aos efeitos de canal curto. São indicados para operarem em circuitos de baixa tensão e baixa potência, onde não haja necessidade de alta velocidade de chaveamento. Além do mais, eles são mais indicados para operarem como memória FBRAM por serem menos dependentes dos efeitos da corrente de GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage). E, uma vez que foram otimizados para aplicações de memória, a possibilidade de usar dielétricos de porta formados por óxido de silício, resulta em um melhor desempenho em termos de ruído de baixa frequência.
This work aims to study the state-of-the-art transistors, developed at imec, Belgium, in order to contribute to the Brazilian technological evolution. These are the source/drain extensionless transistors (SemExt), which are analyzed under different aspects. Multiple gate (MuGFETs) SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) transistors are studied as well as the planar SOI ones with ultrathin body and BOX thicknesses (UTBB). Several spacer lengths are analyzed in order to determine the better electrical behavior, based on the transistor digital and analog features. The transistor electrical characterization is based on experimental static and dynamic measurements and the use of numerical simulations complements the analysis of the results. The triple gate MuGFET are characterized as a function of the main digital and analog parameters, where the source/drain (S/D) extensionless devices show superior electrical behavior compared to the conventional devices with S/D extensions in the most part of the analysis. As an example, the subthreshold slope of the extensionless transistors reduced, experimentally, up to 75 mV/dec, compared to the reference ones for the effective channel length of Leff=50 nm. Despite the extensionless transistors present the smaller transconductance (gm), the ratio between the on-current (Ion) and the off-current (Ioff) is three times higher than in the reference devices. On the other side, the intrinsic voltage gain (AV) increases up to 9 dB compared to the overlapped devices thanks to the better performance of the transistor efficiency (gm/IDS) as well as the Early voltage (VEA). Similarly, SOI UTBB presents better results when the source/drain extensions are eliminated from the structure. In this case, the effective channel length is modulated by the gate bias, which means that for each gate voltage drop there will be a different Leff, that is the main reason to improve the transistor characteristics. Moreover, the extensionless devices are more immune to the drain horizontal electric field, what decreases its influence on the channel charges. As a result, transistors with longer source/drain extensionless regions present better results, such as the Ion/Ioff ratio three times higher than the reference devices and about 60% of improvement in the intrinsic voltage gain. SOI UTBBs are submitted to two other analyses. The first one is focused on the low frequency noise study. In this case, two silicon film thicknesses (tSi) are compared. It is observed that the thinner the thickness, the greater the influence from one interface to the other. Consequently, the noise presented in one interface affects the other and vice-versa. Due to the higher coupling between the front and back interfaces, the charges which are allocated in different positions in the oxide and silicon films can contribute to the generated noise in both interfaces. The extensionless transistors are also analyzed as a function of the gate dielectric, where the devices with silicon dioxide are compared to the ones with high dielectric constant (high K) material, which present, as expected, higher noise level due to the elevated trap density (about two orders of magnitude higher than the SiO2). The second study refers to the analysis of the floating body memory (FBRAM) disturb. SOI UTBB transistors are applied as memory and by changing the holding bias condition it was possible to induce the disturb effect in the storage data. In this way, a window of operation where the disturb is partial was estimated. Based on that, the writing 0 condition was optimized out of the region of total disturb, with no loss in the retention time and in the memory read window. Based on the performed analyzes it was observed that extensionless transistors are more scalable, being less susceptible to the short channel effects. They are properly indicated to be applied in low-power and low-voltage circuits, where there are no requirements for fast switching. Moreover, they behave better applied as FBRAM since they are less dependent to the GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current. And, since they were optimized to memory applications, the possibility to use silicon dioxide dielectric results in a better behavior in terms of low frequency noise.

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RAMOS, Eliana Maria de Queiroz. "Estratégias de comunicação do Plano Nacional de Turismo em Bezerros (PE) : análise dos papangus de Bezerros como ferramenta do turismo cultural e desenvolvimento local sob o olhar folkcomunicacional." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6049.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The folkcomunication use in the “Folia de Papangu” as strategy of communication for the cultural tourism and Bezerros’s local development, specifically the Bezerros’s Craftsmen Association was target of case study by means of exploratory, bibliographical and documental researches, and dialogue between theory and object of investigation. The research showed that Bezerros’s carnival espectacularization is a public politics invention acting as a means to increase tourism ,resulting from the use of strategies like as institutional folkmarketing, touristic, and marketing actions in order to create revenue opportunities for local and a scheduling in the media .That is, there is in Bezerros a political approach for local development centering from above, from technical concerns and views of the city and state and an approach based on company performance.
O uso da folkcomunicação na Folia de Papangu como estratégia de comunicação para o turismo cultural e desenvolvimento local de Bezerros, especificamente a Associação de Artesãos de Bezerros, foi alvo de estudo de caso mediante pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica, documental e diálogo entre teoria e objeto de investigação. A pesquisa revelou que a espetacularização do carnaval de Bezerros é uma invenção de políticas públicas como estratégia de desenvolvimento para ativar o turismo, daí a utilização de estratégias de comunicação folkcomunicacionais, mediante ações de folkmarketing institucional, turística e mercadológica para criar oportunidades de renda para o local e de agendamento midiático. Ou seja, há em Bezerros uma abordagem política em prol do desenvolvimento local centralizadora de cima, a partir de interesses e visões de técnicos do estado e do município e uma abordagem baseada no desempenho de empresas.

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13

Mathys, Ilse Lois. "Soil health and quality concept in agricultural extension and soil science : an assessment of topsoil conditions in a long term vineyard soil management trail in Robertson, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6544.

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Thesis (MScAgric (Soil Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The natural resource condition or health has been accepted as a valuable indicator of sustainable land use. The assessment of soil health (quality) has become a valuable tool in determining the sustainability of land management systems. This work aims to evaluate the sustainability of soil management practices in agricultural extension for vineyards in Robertson, South Africa based, on the current approach of the concept of soil health and soil quality, as well as to briefly explore the present reservations regarding the definition of the concept. The soil management treatments include a mechanical weed control, chemical weed control, annual addition of straw mulch, annual cover crop and perennial cover crop. The objective of study is to (i) identify suitable soil health (quality) indicators for vineyards in the study area; (ii) analyze the soil health (quality) indicators for different soil management treatments; (iii) evaluate the effect of various soil management treatments on the overall soil functionality, by comparing measured indicators to the soil property threshold values, for optimal vine growth; iv) establish a more consistent understanding and use of the terms health and quality, as understood and used in the general science community, with particular reference to the public health system. The soil physical, chemical and biological properties which were selected as indicators of soil health (quality) based on specific criteria similar to previous work done on the concept. The properties selected include soil texture, gravimetric water content, bulk density, soil aeration, water aggregate stability, soil pH, EC, available N,P,K , soil organic matter content, soil microbial biomass, potential mineralizable nitrogen and soil respiration. The study makes use of methods of analysis previously used for soil health and soil quality assessments, as well as soil analytical methods as accepted by experienced soil scientist within the study area. The soil was sampled on three separate events to depths of 0-200 mm for initial characterization of soil and 0-50 mm to compare soil health (quality) Between tracks and In tracks of treatment plots. The values obtained for each property were compared with the optimum for vineyards and ranked accordingly. The treatment that resulted in the most desirable soil health (quality) was the straw mulch and perennial cover crop treatments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toestand of gesondheid van natuurlike hulpbronne is aanvaar as `n waardevolle aanduiding van volhoubare grondgebruik. Die assessering van grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) is 'n waardevolle hulpmiddel in die bepaling van die volhoubaarheid van grond bestuur stelsels. Hierdie werkstuk poog om die volhoubaarheid van grond bestuurs praktyke te evalueer vir wingerde in Robertson, Suid-Afrika wat baseer is op die huidige benadering van grond gesondheid en kwaliteit. Die tesis dek ook die huidige onsekerhede oor die konsep en definisies van terme wat gebruik word in die konsep. Die grond bestuur praktyke sluit in 'n meganiese onkruidbeheer, chemiese onkruidbeheer, jaarlikse toevoeging van `n strooi deklaag, jaarlikse en meerjarige dekgewas dekgewasse. Die doel van die studie was om (i) die geskikte grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) indikators vir wingerde in die studie area te identifiseer, (ii) die grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) indikators vir verskillende bogrond bestuur praktyke te identifiseer; (iii) die effek van verskillende grond bestuur praktyke op die algehele grond funksies te evalueer, deur dit te vergelyk met die gemete indikators vir drempelwaardes vir optimale wingerd groei; iv) 'n meer konsekwente begrip en gebruik van die terme “gesondheid” en “kwaliteit” vas te stel, soos dit verstaan en gebruik word in die algemene wetenskaplike gemeenskap, met spesifieke verwysing na die openbare gesondheidsisteem. Die grond fisiese, chemiese en biologiese eienskappe wat as indikators van grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) geselekteer was, word gebaseer op spesifieke kriteria soortgelyk aan dié wat in vorige werk op die konsep gedoen was. Die eienskappe wat geselekteer is sluit in grondtekstuur, gravimetriese waterinhoud, bulk digtheid, grond deurlugting, totalle water stabiliteit, grond pH, electriese geleiding, toeganklike N, P, K, grond organiese materiaal inhoud, grond mikrobiese massa, potensiële mineraliseerbare stikstof en grond respirasie. Die studie maak gebruik van analitiese metodes wat voorheen gebruik was vir grond gesondheid en kwaliteit, sowel as die grond analitiese metodes soos gebruik deur ervare grondkundiges binne die studie gebied. Die grondmonsters was geneem op drie afsonderlike geleenthede oor dieptes van 0-200 mm vir die aanvanklike karakterisering van grond en 0-50 mm, om grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) Tussen trekkerspore en In trekkerspore van die persele te vergelyk. Die waardes verkry vir elke eienskap was vergelyk met die optimum vir wingerde en verdeel volgens kwaliteit. Die behandeling wat die mees optimale grond gesondheid (kwaliteit) getoon het, was die strooi deklaag en meerjarige dekgewas behandelings.

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14

Harms, Ashley Marie Raes. "Determining and meeting the educational needs of students and urban gardeners and farmers on urban soil quality and contamination topics." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13176.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
DeAnn Presley
Steve Thien
Interest and participation in urban agriculture is growing in many cities throughout the United States. Urban gardeners and farmers produce food on various types of urban lands. Common soil contaminants of urban areas limit the amount of land on which food may safely be grown. The objective of this study was to assess and meet the informational and technical assistance needs of urban gardeners and farmers as well as students enrolled in the introductory soils science course at Kansas State University on the topics of urban soil quality and contamination. A needs assessment survey of urban gardeners and farmers was conducted in four communities; Tacoma and Seattle, Washington, Kansas City, Kansas and Missouri, Manhattan, Kansas, and Gary, Indiana. The survey generated information about what urban gardeners and farmers know, think they know, and want to know about urban soil quality and contamination. Eighty-eight percent of respondents indicated that they do not have knowledge of the best management practices to minimize health risks involved when growing food crops on soils contaminated with lead, cadmium, arsenic or organic contaminants. Our results suggest that urban gardeners and farmers require and want information and guidance on soil testing for common contaminants, interpretation of testing results, and best management practices for growing food on mildly contaminated soils. The students enrolled in the introductory soil science course at Kansas State University are future agricultural and environmental professionals who need skills to address urban soils issues. Most of the students in the Agronomy 305: Soils course are not Agronomy majors. Furthermore, an increasing number of Agronomy 305 students come from urban and suburban communities and/or have interest in working in urban environments upon completion of their undergraduate degree. An urban soils laboratory was developed in response to the future workforce demands as well as the demographics of students enrolled in the Agronomy 305 course. Throughout the semester students evaluated the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a soil from this urban community garden. Reaction of students to the new urban soils lab offering has been positive with 72% of students enrolled in the course reporting that they have interest and need in learning about the urban soil issues covered in the lab course. Overall, student responses about their learning experience in the urban soils laboratory course were positive, indicating that incorporating urban soil principles enhanced their soil science education. Students who participated in the urban soils lab are better prepared, as future agricultural and environmental professionals, to address the educational and technical assistance needs of urban growers.

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15

Senn, Ashley, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Experiential learning as a basis for extension practice with Maltese vegetable growers of western Sydney." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Senn_A.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/55.

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This thesis is primarily concerned with the characteristics and effectiveness of extension and adult learning within a community of Maltese vegetable growers in western Sydney. Extension was practised according to principles of experiential learning theory, action research and andragogy. The recommendation is made that extension agents should concentrate upon experiences that are within the target group's spheres of activity and interest. Kolb's experiential learning theory was found to be applicable to extension in this context. This theory, and similar principles, involve interpretivism, reflection and interaction, all of which were found to be beneficial. It was found to be sufficient for the author to inspire growers with broad concepts, which were then applied by growers to their situations. It is suggested that extension agents concern themselves less with attempts to change clients' attitudes and instead encourage them to trial innovations and draw their own conclusions. Future research should consider characteristics of the internalisation of knowledge and the role of clients' emotional well-being. Guidelines for extension with Maltese vegetable growers of the Sydney region are listed, and many of these are generalisable to other circumstances of extension.
Master of Science (Hons) (Systems Agriculture)

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Andrade, Andréa de Faria Barros. "Cursos superiores de tecnologia : um estudo de sua demanda sob a ótica dos estudantes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/4126.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2009.
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A educação profissional e tecnológica vivenciou com os Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia um período recente de expressiva expansão em sua oferta. Estes cursos vocacionados ao atendimento da realidade tecnológica do trabalho, com seus currículos especializados, operacionalizados de forma bastante prática e numa duração inferior às graduações tradicionais, tornaram-se atrativos aos estudantes. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar os Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia, mais especificamente as razões que motivam as escolhas dos estudantes por estes cursos, tomando como fio condutor as suas características especiais, dentre as quais, a especialização dos seus currículos e sua curta duração, bem como, as expectativas discentes relacionadas à demanda subjetiva do valor de troca do diploma na inserção ou re-inserção laboral. A pesquisa fundamenta-se, sobremaneira, no método quantitativo com a aplicação de um questionário numa amostra estratificada dos inscritos em processos seletivos desses cursos. Os resultados obtidos indicam as três razões mais fortes na escolha por um CST, nesta ordem: perspectiva de inserção laboral após a conclusão do curso, valorização social do diploma tecnológico e valorização de suas características de especialização do currículo e de formação mais prática. Empiricamente, esta pesquisa traz importantes elementos que, por um lado, retiram a ênfase da argumentação calcada nos custos e no tempo de duração e caminha mais na direção que reforça aspectos trazidos, também, por diversos autores que atribuem à profissionalização e à ampliação de estratégias competitivas no mercado de trabalho como requisitos relevantes na compreensão da escolha por um curso de educação superior, principalmente aqueles de natureza tecnológica e com vocação aplicada. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Brazilian technological education has experienced a recent period of significant expansion in its offer with higher education programs, called, in Brazil, of Higher Programs of Technology. These programs located in the intersection of the fields of Higher Education and Vocational-Technical Education aimed to meet the technological reality of the work with their specialized curricula worked in a very practical way and with a shortest duration, if compared with traditional degrees, have become attractive to students. The main purpose of this research is study Higher Programs of Technology, more specifically the reasons for students to choose these courses, based on its special features, among others: the expertise of its curriculum and its short duration, besides students expectations for future entering in the labor market after graduation. Quantitative method was used by the application of a form in a stratified sample of students. The main results of this research indicate the three strongest reasons for choosing a Higher Program of Technology, in that order: prospect of integration into the workplace after graduation, recognition of the diploma social value and enhancement of its special features. Empirically, this research provides important evidence that remove the emphasis of the argument based on cost and duration of these courses and reinforces aspects advocated too by several authors who attribute the expansion of competitive strategies in the workplace as very relevant in understanding the choice for a Higher Program of Technology, especially due its technological nature and vocation applied.

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BENITEZ, Roger Alejandro. "Desenvolvimento rural sob uma perspectiva territorial : análise da participação dos técnicos extensionistas da Regional La Pampa - San Luis do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária (INTA), da República Argentina." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6105.

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En el presente trabajo son analizados aspectos vinculados a la participación de los técnicos extensionistas y de la sociedad en la propuesta de desarrollo de los territorios llevada adelante por la Regional La Pampa San Luis, del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria –INTA de la República Argentina. El estudio se cuestiona, en el marco del trabajo institucional del INTA, como se presenta la participación de los extensionistas en la nueva propuesta de desarrollo de los territorios. Por un lado, se pregunta donde los técnicos de terreno pueden expresar sus puntos de vista frente a una institución históricamente centralizada? Por otro lado, indaga como se presenta la participación de otros actores sociales envueltos en el proceso de desarrollo? Partiendo de la evolución del concepto de desarrollo, la consolidación del desarrollo sustentable, su conexión con lo local-territorial y los vínculos con la participación, se buscó analizar la producción teórica de diversos autores (ARROYO, 2006; PIERRI, 2008; JARA, 1998; BUARQUE, 1999; CALLOU 2006; DE JESUS 2003 BORDENAVE, 1998, PERUZO, 2001, DEMO 1999, entre otros) y de material correspondiente al INTA. Una vez terminado el trabajo documental y bibliográfico, se procedió al levantamiento de datos mediante la utilización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con profesionales que llevan adelante el trabajo de extensión del INTA en la Regional y con actores-productores vinculados a proyectos de desarrollo. Con la información obtenida se procedió a la confección de una base de datos que facilitó su posterior presentación y análisis. Esto permitió observar como algunos puntos de la propuesta, sobre todo aquellos que hacen al campo de su planificación y ejecución, se despegan de los procedimientos que fueron propios de los antiguos modelos de extensión. El presente trabajo también permitió concluir que, junto con una apertura nunca vista en los canales destinados a la participación de la sociedad en la política del INTA, se destaca la existencia de una característica dual de la misma, donde conjuntamente se presenta una participación de tipo consensuada y de tipo coercitiva.
Na presente pesquisa são analisados aspectos que tem a ver com a participação dos técnicos extensionistas e da sociedade na proposta de desenvolvimento dos territórios levada adiante pela Regional La Pampa – San Luis, do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária (INTA) da Republica Argentina. O estudo questiona como se apresenta a participação dos extensionistas na nova proposta de desenvolvimento dos territórios, no marco do trabalho institucional do INTA. Por um lado, pergunta-se onde os extensionistas podem expressar seus pontos de vista frente a uma instituição historicamente centralizada. Por outro lado, indaga como se apresenta a participação de outros atores sociais envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento. Partindo da evolução do concepto de desenvolvimento, a consolidação do desenvolvimento sustentavel, a sua conexão com o local-territorial e os seus vínculos com a participação, procurou-se analisar a produção teórica de autores diversos (ARROYO, 2006; PIERRI, 2008; JARA, 1998; BUARQUE, 1999; CALLOU 2006; DE JESUS 2003 BORDENAVE, 1998, PERUZO, 2001, DEMO 1999, dentre outros) e do material correspondente ao INTA. Uma vez finalizado a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, procedeu-se à coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com os profissionais que desenvolvem o trabalho de extensão do INTA na Regional e com atores-produtores que tem relação com os distintos projetos de desenvolvimento. Com a informação obtida procedeu-se à construção de uma base de dados que facilitou a posterior apresentação e analise. Isto permitiu observar como alguns pontos da proposta, especialmente aqueles que tem a ver com a planificação e a execução, deslocam-se dos procedimentos que foram próprios dos antigos modelos de extensão. A pesquisa também possibilitou concluir que, junto com uma abertura nunca antes vista nos canais destinados à participação da sociedade na política do INTA, destaca se a existência duma característica dual na mesma, onde conjuntamente apresenta-se uma participação do tipo consensuada e do tipo coercitiva.

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18

César, Joaquim. "Avaliação das terras de pastoreio extensivo na Província do Namibe - Angola." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7828.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The land resources of the Arid Sub-Region of Southwestern Angola, where the transhumance extensive grazing is practised by the Kuvale people, were evaluated. From climate, lithology and relief information basic physiographic units were delimitated, being the framework for soils and land mapping units. The land units were subsequently evaluated by a parametric method for transhumance purposes using four land qualities and ten land characteristics. Soils characteristics are strongly dependent on the nature of the respective parent material. The availability of land resources is associated with a rainfall gradient, but with local variations associated with lithology and landforms specificity. About 47% of the land was evaluated as marginally suitable, 43% as moderately suitable and 10% as not suitable for extensive grazing. The first ones are almost exclusively occupied by the Kuvale and the second ones (dominated by the agropastoralists) receive periodically the pastoralists and their herds. Mean annual rainfall and effective soil depth were determinant diagnostic factors for the suitability evaluation. The future of the transhumance system will depend on availability of land resources and framing of Kuvale people in the economy and social development under a resettlement of pastoral spaces.

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Hunger, Dagmar Aparecida Cynthia França. "A universidade sob a otica da extensão universitaria : analise da função extensão universitaria no pensamento do professor universitario de Educação Fisica." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275265.

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Orientador: Ademir Gebara
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Professores, dirigentes universitários e Governo, ao discutirem a Universidade Pública brasileira nos anos 80, defendiam que a Extensão Universitária, como instrumento acadêmico, deveria articular o Ensino e a Pesquisa de forma indissociável e viabilizar transformações sociais. Tendo por pressuposto que a Pesquisa e o Ensino deverão respeitar a relação direta com a sociedade, num processo interdependente de experiências, independentemente da função Extensão Universitária, esse novo repensar sobre os rumos da Universidade por tal função, como possibilidade concreta para efetivar uma nova instituição universitária, apresentou-se de modo questionável para a pesquisadora. Portanto, constituiu a preocupação desse trabalho a hipótese de que Pró-Reitores de Extensão, com sua política administrativa universitária, ao procurarem enfatizar a Extensão Universitária como principal responsável pela articulação entre o Ensino e a Pesquisa, põem em evidência a crise da Universidade brasileira, tornando público, ainda, que o desempenho acadêmico e científico está desconectado dos objetivos sociais, curriculares e institucionais e, diante disso, professores universitários de Educação Física, impregnados do discurso de que essa função prioritariamente garante a relação Sociedade - Universidade e atua como redentora dos problemas sociais e acadêmicos (formação profissional), contribuem para um processo de descaracterização das funções do Ensino e da Pesquisa. Nessa perspectiva, constituiu-se objetivo desse trabalho analisar o processo de construção da concepção Extensão Universitária que sustenta as políticas implantadas no percurso histórico da Universidade brasileira, desde sua origem até os dias atuais e, especialmente, averiguar como está sendo caracterizada a Extensão Universitária em Educação Física na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e na Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP - Rio Claro). ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Professors, university heads and government, debating the Brazilian public university during the 80's, argued that university extension, as an academic instrument, should inseparably associate teaching and research enabling social changes. Having presupposed that research and teaching should respect the direct relation with society in an interdependent process of experiences, independently of the function of university extension, this new rethinking about the directions of the university for this function, as a concrete possibility to execute a new university institution, has shown itself questionable to the author. Therefore, it was the preoccupation of this work the hypothesis that when university extension is defined as the main instrument responsible for articulating teaching and research, the crisis of the Brazilian university is preponderantly evidenced. It becomes public that academic and scientific performance is disconnected from social, curricular and institutional objectives, and that physical education university professors, impregnated with the speech that this function priorly ensures the relation society -university and acts as redeemer of the social and academic problems (professional formation), contribute for a discharacterization process of the teaching and research functions. In this perspective, the goal of this work constituted in analyzing the construction process of the conception of university extensiqn which supports the implanted policies in the historical trajectory of the Brazilian university, from its origin until nowadays and, especially, examine how physical education in the university extension in UNICAMP (State University of Campinas) and in UNESP (State University of São Paulo in Rio Claro) is being characterized. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Educação Física

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20

Castoldi, Gustavo [UNESP]. "Dinâmica do nitrogênio em sistemas de produção sob semeadura direta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123373.

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O ciclo do N no sistema solo-planta é bastante complexo, com diversas vias de entrada e saída. Alterações no manejo do solo e das espécies cultivadas podem afetar sua dinâmica, de modo que a avaliação integrada desses processos é essencial para o melhor entendimento do ciclo do N em sistemas de produção agrícola. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica do N em sistemas de produção de soja rotacionada com plantas de cobertura, com enfoque na contribuição dos sistemas para o estoque de N no solo e nas principais perdas de N. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho, de textura argilosa, em Botucatu, SP. A área vem sendo cultivada há treze anos em semeadura direta e os atuais tratamentos são os mesmos desde 2006. No outono/inverno foram cultivados brachiaria ruziziensis (Brachiaria ruziziensis), sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) e estas espécies em consórcio; na primavera foram cultivados, em sub-parcelas, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor), antecedendo a cultura da soja (Glycine Max) no verão. Avaliou-se por dois anos a produtividade de grãos, matéria seca, acúmulo de N e relação C/N das plantas envolvidas no sistema, bem como o estoque de N no solo. Avaliaram-se ainda, por um ano, as entradas de N via sementes, deposições atmosféricas e pulverizações, e as saídas via lixiviação de NO3-, emissão de NH3 a partir da palhada e da parte aérea das plantas e emissão de N2O a partir do solo. De modo geral, as perdas de N nas formas de NO3-, NH3 e N2O variaram, respectivamente, de 11,2 a 24,2, 10,6 a 19,0 e 1,2 a 9,7 kg ha-1 ano-1, sendo os maiores valores observados nos sistemas com brachiaria no inverno ou crotalária na primavera. Tais perdas parecem ser decorrentes do maior acúmulo de N nestas culturas. No caso da ...
Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system is quite complex, with diverse paths of input and output, and changes in soil and/or crop management can modify its dynamics affecting the N gain/losses balance. The integrated evaluation of these processes is essential for a better understanding of the N cycling in agricultural production systems. Our study aimed to evaluate N dynamics in soybean cropping systems in rotation with cover crops, with a focus on how the systems affect soil N storage and the major N losses from the soil-plant system. The experiment was carried out in a clay Rhodic Ferralsol, in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental area has been cropped under no till for thirteen years, and the current treatments have been conducted since 2006. Congo grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and a mix of both were cropped during fall/winter. In the spring, pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were cropped in sub-plots. Soybean (Glycine max) was cropped as summer crop. We assessed for two years the grain yield, dry matter, N accumulation and C/N ratio of the cropped species, as well as the soil N storage. We also quantified, for one year, N inputs via seeds, atmospheric deposition and pesticide spraying and N via NO3- leaching, NH3 emission from straw and above part of the plants and N2O emission from soil. Generally speaking, losses of N as NO3-, NH3 and N2O ranged, respectively, from 11.2 to 24.2, 19.0 to 10.6 and 1.2 to 9.7 kg ha-1 year-1, being the highest values observed in systems with Congo grass cropped in the fall/winter and Sunn hemp cropped in the spring season. These losses seem to have occurred due the highest N accumulation by these species. In the case of Sunn hemp, the largest contribution of N, even if it results in major losses, proved to be crucial for the positive balance of N in the ...

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21

Castoldi, Gustavo 1986. "Dinâmica do nitrogênio em sistemas de produção sob semeadura direta /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123373.

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Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Heitor Cantarella
Banca: Monica Sarolli Silva Mendonça Costa
Banca: Waldo Alejandro Ruben Lara Cabezas
Resumo: O ciclo do N no sistema solo-planta é bastante complexo, com diversas vias de entrada e saída. Alterações no manejo do solo e das espécies cultivadas podem afetar sua dinâmica, de modo que a avaliação integrada desses processos é essencial para o melhor entendimento do ciclo do N em sistemas de produção agrícola. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica do N em sistemas de produção de soja rotacionada com plantas de cobertura, com enfoque na contribuição dos sistemas para o estoque de N no solo e nas principais perdas de N. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho, de textura argilosa, em Botucatu, SP. A área vem sendo cultivada há treze anos em semeadura direta e os atuais tratamentos são os mesmos desde 2006. No outono/inverno foram cultivados brachiaria ruziziensis (Brachiaria ruziziensis), sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) e estas espécies em consórcio; na primavera foram cultivados, em sub-parcelas, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor), antecedendo a cultura da soja (Glycine Max) no verão. Avaliou-se por dois anos a produtividade de grãos, matéria seca, acúmulo de N e relação C/N das plantas envolvidas no sistema, bem como o estoque de N no solo. Avaliaram-se ainda, por um ano, as entradas de N via sementes, deposições atmosféricas e pulverizações, e as saídas via lixiviação de NO3-, emissão de NH3 a partir da palhada e da parte aérea das plantas e emissão de N2O a partir do solo. De modo geral, as perdas de N nas formas de NO3-, NH3 e N2O variaram, respectivamente, de 11,2 a 24,2, 10,6 a 19,0 e 1,2 a 9,7 kg ha-1 ano-1, sendo os maiores valores observados nos sistemas com brachiaria no inverno ou crotalária na primavera. Tais perdas parecem ser decorrentes do maior acúmulo de N nestas culturas. No caso da ...
Abstract: Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system is quite complex, with diverse paths of input and output, and changes in soil and/or crop management can modify its dynamics affecting the N gain/losses balance. The integrated evaluation of these processes is essential for a better understanding of the N cycling in agricultural production systems. Our study aimed to evaluate N dynamics in soybean cropping systems in rotation with cover crops, with a focus on how the systems affect soil N storage and the major N losses from the soil-plant system. The experiment was carried out in a clay Rhodic Ferralsol, in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental area has been cropped under no till for thirteen years, and the current treatments have been conducted since 2006. Congo grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and a mix of both were cropped during fall/winter. In the spring, pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were cropped in sub-plots. Soybean (Glycine max) was cropped as summer crop. We assessed for two years the grain yield, dry matter, N accumulation and C/N ratio of the cropped species, as well as the soil N storage. We also quantified, for one year, N inputs via seeds, atmospheric deposition and pesticide spraying and N via NO3- leaching, NH3 emission from straw and above part of the plants and N2O emission from soil. Generally speaking, losses of N as NO3-, NH3 and N2O ranged, respectively, from 11.2 to 24.2, 19.0 to 10.6 and 1.2 to 9.7 kg ha-1 year-1, being the highest values observed in systems with Congo grass cropped in the fall/winter and Sunn hemp cropped in the spring season. These losses seem to have occurred due the highest N accumulation by these species. In the case of Sunn hemp, the largest contribution of N, even if it results in major losses, proved to be crucial for the positive balance of N in the ...
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Gomes, Eulália de Lima. "A valorização da cultura no novo rural mineiro: Piacatuba sob as lentes da Economia Criativa." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6503.

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De acordo com a literatura, o tema Economia Criativa é incipiente, pré-paradigmático, novo, promissor, embrionário e ainda não houve um consenso sobre sua definição. Embora possua como pano de fundo as discussões sobre Cultura, Economia da Cultura, Economia do Entretenimento, Economia do Conhecimento dentre outras. A Economia Criativa surge a fim de relacionar aspectos de criatividade à lógicas de produção. Dadas às múltiplas interfaces desta economia, a pretensão desta pesquisa é discutir se e como a Economia Criativa pode ser encontrada no rural, entendendo o rural como um modo de vida. Esta motivação se deu pela ausência de estudos sobre a ocorrência desta economia no campo e sobre como seriam tais manifestações. Sobretudo, porque o rural vem sendo silenciado no processo de construção do conceito e das teorias que norteiam este campo científico. Entendemos que este silenciamento acontece, pois ainda impera em algumas abordagens uma visão mistificada sobre o rural, como subalterno e atrasado. É objetivo desta pesquisa investigar a possibilidade de um rural criativo. Primeiro, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o conceito de Economia Criativa e a partir disso utilizou-se esse conceito como lente para compreender tanto como se configura essa economia nas relações sociais dos rurais quanto a sua utilização técnica na promoção de negócios criativos. Esta pesquisa possui caráter exploratório-descritivo, sob a forma de estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de técnicas de observação participante, não participante e entrevista semiestruturada, registradas e posteriormente transcritas para análise. A amostra desta pesquisa está baseada sobre o método de seleção denominado como “Snowball sample” ou “Bola de Neve”, no qual um participante indica outro ou outros e assim por diante. A análise dos dados foi baseada nas entrevistas e nos materiais de divulgação dos eventos ocorridos em Piacatuba. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em Piacatuba, distrito de Leopoldina – cidade da Zona da Mata Mineira –, analisando seu desenvolvimento recente, a fim de contribuir teoricamente a respeito da Economia Criativa no rural.
According to the literature, the theme Creative Economy is incipient, pre-paradigm, new, promising, embryonic and there was not yet a consensus on its definition. Although it has the backdrop of discussions on Culture, Economy of Culture, Entertainment Economy, Knowledge Economy among others. The Creative Economy appears to relate aspects of creativity to the production of logic. Given the multiple interfaces this economy, the intention of this research is to discuss whether and how the Creative Economy can be found in rural, understanding the country as a way of life. This motivation was due to the absence of studies on the occurrence of this farming in the country and how would such manifestations. Especially because rural has been muted on the concept of the construction process and the theories that guide this scientific field. We understand that this silencing happens because still prevails in some approaches one mystified vision of rural as inferior and backward. It is the aim of this research to investigate the possibility of a creative rural. First, we carried out a literature review on the concept of Creative Economy and from that we used this concept as a lens to understand both how to set up these savings in social relations of rural and its technical use in promoting creative businesses. This research has exploratory and descriptive, in the form of case study. Data were collected through participant observation techniques, non-participating and semi- structured interviews, recorded and transcribed for analysis. The sample of this research is based on the selection method termed as "snowball sample" or "Snowball," in which a participant indicates another or others and so on. Data analysis was based on interviews and events of publicity materials occurring in Piacatuba. The research was developed in Piacatuba, Leopoldina district - the city's Zona da Mata Mineira - by analyzing its recent development in order to contribute theoretically about the Creative Economy in the countryside.

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VIEIRA, Aerlem Cynnara Silva. "Características do fluido ruminal em ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados sob regime extensivo." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5111.

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It was pretended with this research to establish standards of normality for ruminal fluid characteristics, such as color, odor, consistency, sedimentation and flotation time (SFT), pH, bacterial activity by means of the methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), chloride, total acidity (TA) and microscopical evaluation of protozoa and bacteria, in rainy (winter) and dry (summer) seasons in Garanhuns city, Pernambuco state. Fifty Santa Inês sheep had been used, with age varying between one and four years, created in extensive regimen of pasture composed by Brachiaria decumbens, and still receiving Pennisetum purpureum as alimentary complement and water and mineral salt ad libitum. The predominant colors had been chestnut tones in summer and oliva green in winter. The aromatic odor was observed in all the samples, being stronger in winter. The slight viscous consistency predominated in both seasons, with greater proportion in the winter. The SFT was 6,73 ± 1,63min in winter and 3,15 ± 0,72min in summer, with statistic significant difference (P<0,05) between experimental periods. In the biochemical tests the average values found in winter and summer, respectively, were: pH: 6,76 ± 0,21 and 6,59 ± 0,14; MBRT: 3,20 ± 0,76min and 7,76 ± 3,00min; chloride: 28,14 ± 4,16mEq/L and 24,97 ± 5,65mEq/L; TA: 21,90 ± 4,38UC and 13,68 ± 2,97UC; having statistic significant differences (P<0,05) between seasons for all variable. Abundant density of the infusorians in winter and moderate in the summer was observed, with statistic significant differences (P<0,05) between the stations. The motility was very active and there were approximately 90% of live protozoa, having no significant statistic difference (P>0,05) between the experimental periods for these variable. Protozoa numbers were higher in winter with 425 373 ± 217 258/mL and 155 375 ± 83 113/mL in the summer, having significant statistic difference (P<0,05). There was a mixed population of bacteria with predominance of Gram-negative forms in both seasons. It could be evidenced from these results: The station of the year influences ruminal fluid characteristics, since it provides feed of better quality in the winter (rainy period) when compared with summer (dry period) having difference between all the variable during the experimental periods, pointing out the importance of determine them for each locality, type of handling and animal species, in sight to one better aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases who gets digestive system of sheep.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer padrões de normalidade para as características do fluido ruminal, como a cor, odor, consistência, tempo de sedimentação e flotação (TSF), pH, prova de redução do azul de metileno (PRAM), teor de cloretos (TC), acidez total titulável (ATT) e avaliação da microbiota, nas estações chuvosa (inverno) e seca (verão) na cidade de Garanhuns, Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Foram usados 50 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, com idade variando entre um e quatro anos, criados em regime extensivo de pastagem formada por braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens), tifton (Cynodum sp), recebendo ainda capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) como complementação alimentar, água e sal mineral ad libitum. As colorações predominantes do fluído ruminal foram os tons de castanha no verão e verde oliva no inverno. O odor aromático foi observado em todas as amostras, estando mais pronunciado no inverno. A consistência levemente viscosa predominou em ambas as estações, com maior proporção no inverno. O TSF foi 6,73 ± 1,63 min no inverno e 3,15 ± 0,72min no verão, com diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre os períodos experimentais. Nas provas bioquímicas os valores encontrados no inverno e verão, foram: pH: 6,76 ± 0,21 e 6,59 ± 0,14; PRAM: 3,20 ± 0,76min e 7,76 ± 3,00min; teor de cloretos: 28,14 ± 4,16mEq/L e 24,97 ± 5,65mEq/L; ATT: 21,90 ± 4,38UC e 13,68 ± 2,97UC, respectivamente; havendo diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre as estações para todas as variáveis. A densidade foi considerada abundante para os infusórios no inverno e moderada no verão, com diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre as estações. A motilidade se mostrou bastante ativa e aproximadamente 90% dos protozoários estavam vivos, não havendo diferença estatística significativa (P>0,05) entre os períodos experimentais para estas variáveis. A contagem dos protozoários no inverno foi de 425 373 ± 217 258/mL e 155 375 ± 83 113/mL no verão, havendo diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05). As bactérias Gram-negativas predominaram em ambas as estações. Pôde-se constatar a partir destes resultados que e estação do ano interfere nas características do fluído ruminal, visto que o aporte alimentar de melhor qualidade no inverno (período chuvoso) quando comparado ao verão (período seco) influenciou as diferenças entre as variáveis analisadas. Com as informações obtidas no trabalho reitera-se a importância da sua aplicabilidade na rotina clínica, em vista a um melhor auxílio no diagnóstico e tratamento das enfermidades que acometem o sistema digestivo de ovinos.

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Schwärzel, Hilmar. "Untersuchungen zu Kriterien der Standort- und Gehölzauswahl bei extensiven Anpflanzungen von Obstbäumen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14548.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden wesentliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Entwicklung von hochstämmigen, extensiv gepflegten Obstbäumen untersucht. Der direkte Einfluss von Klimafaktoren auf die Entwicklung der Gehölze konnte nachgewiesen werden. Dazu wurden neue Klimakennziffern definiert und durch dendrochronologische Untersuchungen Beziehungen zum Wachstum der Gehölze hergestellt. Weiterhin konnten komplexe Wechselwirkungen von klimatischen Einflüssen, Bodenwasserverhältnissen und dem Resistenzverhalten der Bäume gegenüber Winterkälte aufgezeigt werden. Für die hochstämmigen Obstbäume wurden in dem Zeitraum von mehr als 120 Jahren klima- und standortabhängige Negativ- und Positivweiserjahre aufgezeigt. Die Beziehungen zwischen den vegetativen Leistungen der Bäume und den Boden-/ und Bodenwasserverhältnissen wurden an ca. 50- , 100- und 200 jährigen Apfelbäumen untersucht und Zusammenhänge zu den Bewertungsmodellen der Reichsbodenschätzung (Bodenarten) und der Mittelmaßstäbigen landwirtschaftlichen Standortkartierung der DDR (Leitbodenformen) dargestellt. Die Gehölze zeigten standortabhängig unterschiedliche Wachstumsintensitäten. Die höchsten Zuwachsleistungen wurden an Grund- bzw. Stauwasser beeinflussten Standorten erzielt. Der Einfluss der Bodenarten an Wasser beeinflussten Standorten war innerhalb der Obstarten gering, zeigte aber Obstart spezifische Unterschiede. Die Apfelbäume erreichten auf sand- bzw. lehmüberlagerten Tonstandorten höhere Zuwachsleistungen als auf Deckton-Standorten. Bei der Obstart Birne waren die Wuchsleistungen auf Tonböden höher als an sand- bzw. lehmüberlagerten Tonstandorten. Wuchsdepressionen traten bei der Obstart Birne erst bei schweren Tonstandorten auf. Die Bedeutung der Leitbodenformen und Bodenarten trat an den Grund- bzw. Stauwasser fernen Standorten deutlich hervor. Von den untersuchten Leitbodenformen wiesen die Tieflehm- Fahlerden unabhängig von den Bodenarten die beste obstbauliche Eignung auf. Für den extensiven Anbau von Apfelbäumen auf den Leitbodenformen Sand-Rosterde und Sand-Braunerde sollten nur Standorte mit mehr als 28 Bodenpunkten verwendet werden (Bodenarten Sl 4D, Sl 3D, lS 4D,lS 3D und SL 4D). Das individuelle Verhalten von alten Apfelsorten in der vegetativen und generativen Leistung wurde auf einer starkwachsenden Klonunterlage untersucht. Eine Abhängigkeit der Zuwachsleistung der Bäume von den verwendeten Sorten, der Ertragsbildung und von den Witterungserscheinungen wurde nachgewiesen.
This thesis studied the factors that exercise essential influence on the development of tall fruit trees in extensive cultivation. We were able to prove that climatic factors directly influence the development of the trees. For achieving this we defined new climatic indicators and established relationships with the growth of the trees by means of dendro-chronological investigations. Further, we were able to prove that complex interactions exist between the climatic influences, soil water conditions and the resistance of the trees against cold in winter. For the tall fruit trees we defined negative and positive indicator years within a period of more than 120 years depending upon the climate and the location. The relationships between the vegetative performance of the trees and the soil/ and soil water conditions were studied in apple trees aged 50, 100 and 200 years and we were able to prove correlations with the evaluation models of the Reichsbodenschätzung (assessment of soil types in the German Reich) and the medium scale agricultural location mapping of the GDR (East Germany) (dominant soil forms). The growth intensity of the trees differed according to their location. The highest growth rates were reached in locations which were influenced by groundwater and/or perched water. At the locations that were influenced by water the type of soil had only minor influence within the same kind of fruit trees, however, we discovered specific differences between the individual kinds of fruit. On locations with clayey soil covered by sand or loam the apple trees reached higher growth rates than at locations where the top soil was clay. Pear trees reached higher growth rates on clayey soils than on clayey soils covered by sand or loam. Growth depressions occurred in pear trees only at locations with heavy clayey soil. Locations that were far from groundwater or perched water made the influence of the dominating soil forms and soil types very clear. From among the dominating soil forms which we investigated the pale soils with deep loam showed to be the most suitable for growing fruit trees irrespective of the kind of fruit. For extensive cultivation of apple trees on the dominating soil forms of sandy rusty soil and sandy brown soils should be used only locations with more than 28 points for soil quality (soil types S1 4D, S1 3D, IS 4D, IS 3D and SL 4D). We studied the individual behaviour of ancient apple species with respect to the vegetative and generative performance on a strongly growing clone stock. We were able to prove that the growth performance of the trees depends upon the chosen species, the yield formation and weather conditions.

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Firta, Iona Nicoleta. "Extensão de plumas em aqüíferos contaminados por derramamentos de gasolina sob influência de etanol." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82231.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental
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A presente dissertação teve por objetivo a avaliação dos comprimentos de pluma de contaminação dos compostos BTEX na presença do etanol, para dados experimentais de campo, e a análise do deslocamento e comprimentos da pluma BTEX em função de variações no parâmetro hidrogeológico velocidade do escoamento subterrâneo. Foi avaliado, através da aplicação do modelo de simulação Bioscreen, o efeito da presença de etanol misturado à gasolina, como é o caso da gasolina comercializada no Brasil, determinando-se o retardamento na biodegradação dos compostos BTEX devido à presença deste composto, que atua como inibidor do processo de atenuação natural. Avaliou-se, a partir dos resultados das simulações, o alongamento das plumas de contaminação dos compostos BTEX, determinando-se a influência do etanol no processo.Foram utilizados como dados de entrada para as simulações, parâmetros obtidos em área experimental. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados a resultados de estudos semelhantes realizados por outros pesquisadores, avaliando-se os fatores intervenientes. Avaliou-se também a influência da velocidade do escoamento subterrâneo sobre os comprimentos das plumas, através do modelo de simulação, utilizando-se velocidades entre 0,15 m/ano e 50 m/ano.

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Fiedler, Regina Célia do Prado. "Políticas de extensão em universidades privadas paulistanas: análise das práticas em psicologia sob o enfoque da psicologia social comunitária." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17217.

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The present thesis examines, with the participatory methodologies inherent in the theoretical-practical conception of Community Social Psychology, the social application of Psychology related to policies in the extension (out-reach) sectors of private universities in the city of São Paulo. This study is justified due to the growing number of professionals that graduate from this type of university and that can use extension activities as a space for differentiated preparation, critical and transforming the socio-historical determinants of society. We seek to use policy analysis and practices of the extension sector as a locus-synthesis of the institutional crisis of hegemony and legitimacy through which the universities find themselves in general and the specificities in the private Brazilian universities. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with university officers responsible for the extension services of private universities and psychology professors that conduct community interventions. Discourse analysis was used to reflect over the uses and meanings attributed to those practices in the university, organized under the influence of neo-liberal educational policies. The analysis brought elements of reflections on how private universities define their social functions: we observed in the interviews with vice-rectors or directors of extension services that the lack of preparation and/or specific information about social management causes the majority of officers to assume the management of extension services as a place for community assistance or social marketing. The absence of a discourse about extension services, allied to the lack of institutional autonomy (in the majority of cases studied there was not a specific budget for extension services) and the lack of interest by the institutions where the main elements that are reflected in our analysis of the discourses in this sector. On the other hand, the analysis of the extension projects implemented by psychologists showed that the majority of professors that work on these extension projects do not understand the area as a locus for social transformation, but rather as a place for practical application of knowledge without the intent of involving the population in an active proposition for social transformation. Scientific knowledge prevails over the process of dialogically constructing knowledge, in which the student, in many projects, only executes the project as elaborated by the professors in which the community is only viewed as the target population. This demonstrates that Social Psychology and its participatory instruments have not been sufficiently consolidated in the practices of these universities
O presente trabalho objetivou investigar, à luz das metodologias participativas inerentes a concepção teórica-prática da Psicologia Social Comunitária, a aplicação social da Psicologia vinculadas às políticas do setor da extensão em universidades privadas no município de São Paulo. Tal pesquisa se justifica pelo crescente número de profissionais que se formam em universidade do gênero e que podem ou não utilizar o espaço da extensão como um espaço de formação diferenciada, crítica e transformadora dos determinantes sócio-históricos da sociedade. Buscamos utilizar a análise das políticas e das práticas no setor da extensão como lugar-síntese das crises institucionais de hegemonia e legitimidade em que passam as universidades de forma geral e as especificidades destas crises nas universidades privadas brasileiras. Para tanto efetuamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os responsáveis pelo setor da extensão, professores de psicologia que realizam intervenções comunitárias no setor e com professores do curso de psicologia como instrumentos da pesquisa. Realizamos análise dos discursos destes atores universitários para refletir sobre os usos e significados que atribuem à estas práticas da universidade, organizada sob a égide das políticas neo-liberais de educação. Essa análise nos trouxe elementos de reflexão sobre como a universidade privada define sua função social: percebemos, nas entrevistas com pró-reitores, vice-reitores ou diretores da extensão, que a falta de formação ou informações específicas sobre gestão social faz com que a maioria desses assumam a gestão da extensão como um lugar de assistência comunitária ou de marketing social. A ausência de um discurso sobre extensão produzido na realidade do ensino privado, a falta de formação específica dos gestores de extensão, aliados a falta de autonomia institucional (na maioria das universidades pesquisadas o gestores não tinha orçamento próprio para a área) e a falta de interesse das instituições em desenvolver atividades que não tragam benefícios imediatos à vida financeira da instituição foram os principais elementos que refletimos na análise do discurso dos gestores do setor. Já a análise dos projetos de extensão desenvolvidos por psicólogos nos trouxe que a maioria dos professores que trabalham com projetos de extensão não entende a área como lugar de transformação social, mas de aplicação prática dos conhecimentos já gerados pela sua ciência, que vê na população atendida a possibilidade de aplicação prática de seus saberes, para beneficiá-la ou assisti-la, mas sem envolvê-la numa proposta ativa de transformação social. O saber científico prevalece sob o processo de construção dialógica do saber, no qual o aluno, em muitos projetos, só aplica o programa já elaborado pelos professores responsáveis e a comunidade é entendida apenas como público-alvo. Mostrando claramente que a Psicologia Social e seus instrumentos interventivos não foram suficientemente consolidados nestas práticas universitárias

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Debouk, Haifa. "Assessing the effect of global change on plant functional structure, greenhouse gases, and soil functions in grasslands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/436894.

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L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és investigar el paper dels grups funcionals de plantes (GFP) en relació a l’estabilitat de la comunitat vegetal, els fluxos de GEH i les funcions del sòl, i com aquestes interaccions es regulen pel clima. La composició de GFP va influenciar els GEH i les funcions del sòl però les variables ambientals van regular aquest efecte. L’escalfament va afavorir la dominància d’espècies oportunistes i de creixement ràpid en detriment d’espècies més conservatives, causant una reducció en la diversitat específica. La composició i l’estructura funcional van tenir una major influencia en la productivitat i l’estabilitat de la comunitat que la diversitat específica. Els GEH es van reduir amb l’altitud, i incrementar durant l’estiu. La interacció entre GFP va afavorir l’assimilació de CH4 i N2O en comparació a la dominància d’un sòl GFP. Les interaccions entre GFP van també afavorir les funcions de sòl relacionades amb el cicle del N.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue investigar el efecto de los grupos funcionales de plantas sobre la estabilidad de la vegetación, los flujos de GEI y las funciones del suelo, y cómo las condiciones climáticas regulan sus interacciones. La estructura funcional de las plantas en pastos influyó la estabilidad de la vegetación, los flujos de GEI, la actividad y fertilidad del suelo, y ese efecto está regulado por el clima. El calentamiento causó la dominancia de especies oportunistas sobre las más conservadoras; reduciendo así la riqueza específica. Los rasgos funcionales tuvieron una mayor influencia en la productividad y estabilidad de las comunidades frente al efecto de la diversidad. Los flujos de GEI aumentaron en verano y disminuyeron con la altitud. La interacción entre grupos funcionales incrementó la absorción de CH4 y N2O respecto a grupos individuales. Las interacciones entre grupos funcionales favorecieron también las funciones de suelo relacionadas con el ciclo de N.
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate how plant functional types (PFT) affect vegetation stability, greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and soil functions, and how these interactions are regulated by climatic conditions. We found that plant functional structure strongly influences vegetation stability, GHG fluxes, and soil activity and fertility in grassland, but this relationship is regulated by climate. Warming lead to the dominance of acquisitive fast growing species over conservative species; thus reducing species richness. The functional traits structure in grasslands had greater influence on the productivity and stability of the community under warming, compared to diversity effects. GHG fluxes decreased with altitude- the colder the grassland site the lower the fluxes-, and increased during summer. The interaction between PFTs enhanced CH4 and N2O uptake compared to single PFTs. Also, PFT evenness and pairwise interactions between PFTs enhanced soil functions related to the N cycle.

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Paixão, Márcia Eliane Leindcker da. "A experiência educativa da extensão na Faculdades EST analisada sob a perspectiva da hermenêutica feminista." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3000.

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Esta tese interpreta experiências educativas na Extensão das Faculdades EST e as relações de Gênero, a partir da perspectiva da hermenêutica e da metodologia feministas. São apresentados os conceitos de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão, de acordo com os pressupostos do Fórum de Extensão. Traz os conceitos de opressão, de gênero e de patriarcado, advindos da teoria feminista em diálogo com os conceitos de in-exclusão social. A primeira parte da tese constitui o caminho metodológico da pesquisa, os contextos e os conceitos que se entrecruzam no estudo e mostra a complexidade que envolve a temática. A hermenêutica feminista é apresentada, a partir de Ivone Gebara e Wanda Deifelt, com destaque à metodologia feminista. É apresentada a noção de cotidiano e de experiência em diálogo com o conceito fazer-pensar, de Richard Senett. A segunda parte enfoca aspectos históricos da Extensão Universitária e o conceito de indissociabilidade como pano de fundo para o diálogo com o conceito de Gênero e Exclusão, trazendo a interface das perspectivas feministas para a trama dialógica. A análise a respeito da indissociabilidade e as relações de Gênero no contexto da EST são problematizadas pela hermenêutica feminista. O conceito de cativeiro, apresentado por Marcela Lagarde, desassossega os lugares e as práticas e mostra a ambiguidade das ações das mulheres na extensão. A extensão mostrou-se como zona de conforto e de reforço do patriarcado. Mas, também pode ser zona de rebeldia, de criatividade e de possibilidades para as mulheres. Concluí-se que há um contraponto entre teoria, metodologia e prática que, a partir de diferentes abordagens que dialogam e interagem, possibilita outras práticas extensionistas e baliza novas relações de gênero na instituição
This dissertation interprets educational experiences within the Extension program of the Faculdades EST and Gender relations, based on the perspective of feminist hermeneutics and methodology. The concepts of the indissociability of teaching,research and extension, are presented here according to the presuppositions of the Extension Forum. They bring with them the concepts of oppression, gender and patriarchy from the feminist theory in dialog with the concepts of social in-exclusion. The first part of the dissertation presents the methodological research path, the contexts and the concepts which cross each other in the study and show the complexity involved in the theme. Feminist hermeneutics is presented based on Ivone Gebara and Wanda Deifelt, highlighting feminist methodology. The notion of the quotidian and experience in dialog with the concept of to make think of Richard Senett is presented. The second part focuses on historical aspects of the University Extension Program and the concept of indissociability as the background for the dialog with the concept of Gender and Exclusion, bringing the interfacing of the feminist perspectives to the dialogical plot. The analysis with regard to indissociability and the relations of Gender in the context of EST is problematized by the feminist hermeneutics. The concept of captivity presented by Marcela Lagarde, disquiets the places and practices and shows the ambiguity of women?s actions in extension programs. The extension program presents itself as a zone of comfort and of reinforcement of the patriarchy. But it can also be a zone of rebelliousness, of creativity and of possibilities for the women. The conclusion is that there is a counterpoint between theory, methodology and practice which, based on different approaches which dialog and interact, makes possible other extension practices and sets apart new gender relations in the institution

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Bräuer, Peter. "Extension and application of a tropospheric aqueous phase chemical mechanism (CAPRAM) for aerosol and cloud models." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183743.

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The ubiquitous abundance of organic compounds in natural and anthorpogenically influenced eco-systems has put these compounds into the focus of atmospheric research. Organic compounds have an impact on air quality, climate, and human health. Moreover, they affect particle growth, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and the global radiation budget by altering particle properties. To investigate the multiphase chemistry of organic compounds and interactions with the aqueous phase in the troposphere, modelling can provide a useful tool. The oxidation of larger organic molecules to the final product CO2 can involve a huge number of intermediate compounds and tens of thousands of reactions. Therefore, the creation of explicit mechanisms relies on automated mechanism construction. Estimation methods for the prediction of the kinetic data needed to describe the degradation of these intermediates are inevitable due to the infeasibility of an experimental determination of all necessary data. Current aqueous phase descriptions of organic chemistry lag behind the gas phase descriptions in atmospheric chemical mechanisms despite its importance for the multiphase chemistry of organic compounds. In this dissertation, the gas phase mechanism Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) has been advanced by a protocol for the description of the oxidation of organic compounds in the aqueous phase. Therefore, a database with kinetic data of 465 aqueous phase hydroxyl radical and 129 aqueous phase nitrate radical reactions with organic compounds has been compiled and evaluated. The database was used to evaluate currently available estimation methods for the prediction of aqueous phase kinetic data of reactions of organic compounds. Among the investigated methods were correlations of gas and aqueous kinetic data, kinetic data of homologous series of various compound classes, reactivity comparisons of inorganic radical oxidants, Evans-Polanyi-type correlations, and structure-activity relationships (SARs). Evans-Polanyi-type correlations have been improved for the purpose of automated mechanism self-generation of mechanisms with large organic molecules. A protocol has been designed based on SARs for hydroxyl radical reactions and the improved Evans-Polanyi-type correlations for nitrate radical reactions with organic compounds. The protocol was assessed in a series of critical sensitivity studies, where uncertainties of critical parameters were investigated. The advanced multiphase generator GECKO-A was used to generate mechanisms, which were applied in box model studies and validated against two sets of aerosol chamber experiments. Experiments differed by the initial compounds used (hexane and trimethylbenzene) and the experimental conditions (UV-C lights off/on and additional in-situ hydroxyl radical source no/yes). Reasonable to good agreement of the modelled and experimental results was achieved in these studies. Finally, GECKO-A was used to create two new CAPRAM version, where, for the first time, branchingratios for different reaction pathways were introduced and the chemistry of compounds with up to four carbon atoms has been extended. The most detailed mechanism comprises 4174 compounds and 7145 processes. Detailed investigations were performed under real tropospheric conditions in urban and remote continental environments. Model results showed significant improvements, especially in regard to the formation of organic aerosol mass. Detailed investigations of concentration-time profiles and chemical fluxes refined the current knowledge of the multiphase processing of organic compounds in the troposphere, but also pointed at current limitations of the generator protocol, the mechanisms created, and current understanding of aqueous phase processes of organic compounds
Das zahlreiche Vorkommen organischer Verbindungen in natürlichen und anthropogen beeinflussten Ökosystemen hat diese Verbindungen in den Fokus der Atmosphärenforschung gerückt. Organische Verbindungen beeinträchtigen die Luftqualität, die menschliche Gesundheit und das Klima. Weiterhin werden Partikelwachstum und -eigenschaften, sekundäre organische Partikelbildung und dadurch der globale Strahlungshaushalt durch sie beeinflusst. Um die troposphärische Multiphasenchemie organischer Verbindungen und Wechselwirkungen mit der Flüssigphase zu untersuchen, sind Modellstudien hilfreich. Die Oxidation großer organischer Moleküle führt zu einer Vielzahl an Zwischenprodukten. Der Abbau erfolgt in unzähligen Reaktionen bis hin zum Endprodukt CO2. Bei der Entwicklung expliziter Mechanismen muss deshalb für diese Verbindungen auf computergestützte, automatisierte Methoden zurückgegriffen werden. Abschätzungsmethoden für die Vorhersage kinetischer Daten zur Beschreibung des Abbaus der Zwischenprodukte sind unabdingbar, da eine experimentelle Bestimmung aller benötigten Daten nicht realisierbar ist. Die derzeitige Beschreibung der Flüssigphasenchemie unterliegt deutlich den Beschreibungen der Gasphase in atmosphärischen Chemiemechanismen trotz deren Relevanz für die Multiphasenchemie. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Gasphasenmechanismusgenerator GECKO-A (“Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere”) um ein Protokoll zur Oxidation organischer Verbindungen in der Flüssigphase erweitert. Dazu wurde eine Datenbank mit kinetischen Daten von 465 Hydroxylradikal- und 129 Nitratradikalreaktionen mit organischen Verbindungen angelegt und evaluiert. Mit Hilfe der Datenbank wurden derzeitige Abschätzungsmethoden für die Vorhersage kinetischer Daten von Flüssigphasenreaktionen organischer Verbindungen evaluiert. Die untersuchten Methoden beinhalteten Korrelationen kinetischer Daten aus Gas- und Flüssigphase, homologer Reihen verschiedener Stoffklassen, Reaktivitätsvergleiche, Evans-Polanyi-Korrelationen und Struktur-Reaktivitätsbeziehungen. Für die Mechanismusgenerierung großer organischer Moleküle wurden die Evans-Polanyi-Korrelationen in dieser Arbeit weiterentwickelt. Es wurde ein Protokol für die Mechanismusgenerierung entwickelt, das auf Struktur-Reaktivitätsbeziehungen bei Reaktionen von organischen Verbindungen mit OH-Radikalen und auf den erweiterten Evans-Polanyi-Korrelationen bei NO3-Radikalreaktionen beruht. Das Protokoll wurde umfangreich in einer Reihe von Sensitivitätsstudien getestet, um Unsicherheiten kritischer Parameter abzuschätzen. Der erweiterte Multiphasengenerator GECKO-A wurde dazu verwendet, neue Mechanismen zu generieren, die in Boxmodellstudien gegen Aerosolkammerexperimente evaluiert wurden. Die Experimentreihen unterschieden sich sowohl in der betrachteten Ausgangssubstanz (Hexan und Trimethylbenzen) und dem Experimentaufbau (ohne oder mit UV-C-Photolyse und ohne oder mit zusätzlicher partikulärer Hydroxylradikalquelle). Bei den Experimenten konnte eine zufriedenstellende bis gute Übereinstimmung der experimentellen und Modellergebnisse erreicht werden. Weiterhin wurde GECKO-A verwendet, um zwei neue CAPRAM-Versionen mit bis zu 4174 Verbindungen und 7145 Prozessen zu generieren. Erstmals wurden Verzweigungsverhältnisse in CAPRAM eingeführt. Außerdem wurde die Chemie organischer Verbindungen mit bis zu vier Kohlenstoffatomen erweitert. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen unter realistischen troposphärischen Bedingungen in urbanen und ländlichen Gebieten haben deutliche Verbesserungen der erweiterten Mechanismen besonders in Bezug auf Massenzuwachs des organischen Aerosolanteils gezeigt. Das Verständnis der organischen Multiphasenchemie konnte durch detaillierte Untersuchungen zu den Konzentrations-Zeit-Profilen und chemischen Flüssen vertieft werden, aber auch gegenwärtige Limitierungen des Generators, der erzeugten Mechanismen und unseres Verständnisses für Flüssigphasenprozesse organischer Verbindungen aufgezeigt werden

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Gomes, Ana Paula Wendling. "Capital social e ação coletiva: um estudo sob a ótica da nova economia institucional no assentamento Primeiro de Junho - MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9951.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A ação coletiva é capaz de gerar novas possibilidades de integração e transformação econômica e social. Vários estudos têm demonstrado melhorias na qualidade de vida das famílias em conseqüência de ações coletivas. Um bom nível de capital social pode explicar a presença de cooperação numa comunidade. O capital social constitui-se por um conjunto de características específicas da organização social, tais como laços de confiança, normas, sistemas, redes de interação e cadeias de relações sociais. A existência de capital social permite aos indivíduos a obtenção de recursos ou bens coletivos por meio de transação que envolve reciprocidade, na qual todos se beneficiarão. Porém, frequentemente nas ações coletivas ocorrem entraves que podem comprometer às soluções cooperadas. A literatura da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) evidencia dois tipos de obstáculos à ação coletiva, os quais foram analisados no presente trabalho. O primeiro obstáculo é a existência de altos custos de transação em comunidades cujas instituições são insuficientes para assegurar a confiança entre os indivíduos. A literatura tem sugerido que a existência de capital social é capaz de reduzir custos de transação. O segundo obstáculo são os chamados dilemas de ação coletiva. Estes, por resultarem do comportamento racional dos indivíduos não necessariamente são contornados pela existência de capital social. Assim, embora exista capital social em um determinado ambiente, frequentemente ocorre problemas de ação coletiva que envolve bens de caráter público ou comum. Para entender a questão acima, julgou-se necessário identificar empiricamente as relações que envolvem custos de transação, dilemas de ação coletiva e a presença de capital social em dois grupos de famílias que se diferenciam quanto à forma de organização da produção numa comunidade de assentamento rural localizado em Tumiritinga – MG. O resultado da pesquisa permitiu concluir que a existência de capital social é importante para a eficiência de instituições e na minimização dos custos de transação das soluções alcançadas, mas problemas de ações coletivas que envolvem recursos comuns ocorrem independentes da presença de capital social. O grupo coletivo possui um nível ligeiramente maior de capital social em relação ao grupo individual. Porém, esse capital social não está sendo suficiente quando se trata de resolver problemas de ação coletiva.
The collective action is a necessary condition to generate new integration possibilities and economical and social Transformation. Several studies have been demonstrating improvements in the quality of life of the families as a consequence of collective actions. A good social capital stock can explain the cooperation presence in a community. The social capital is constituted by a group of specific characteristics of the social organization, such as trust bows, norms, systems, interaction nets and chains of social relationships. The social capital existence allows to the individuals the obtaining of resources or collective goods through transaction that involves reciprocity, in the which all will benefit. However, there can be obstacles to the collective actions which can prevent the society to obtain cooperative solutions. The New Institutional Economy (NEI), literature outlines two types of obstacles to the collective action, which were analyzed in the present work. The first obstacle is the existence of high transaction costs in communities whose institutions are insufficient to assure trust among the individuals. The literature has suggesting that the social capital is able to reduce transaction costs. The second obstacle is what is named dilemmas of collective action. Those dilemmas, for resulting of the individuals' rational behavior are not overcome necessarily by the social capital existence. That’s why problems of collective action that’s it involving public goods happen. To understand the subject above, it was necessary to identify empirically the relationships that involve transaction costs, dilemmas of collective action and the social capital presence in two groups of families that differ in the type of organization of production form in a community of located in a rural establishment in Tumiritinga-MG. The result of the research allowed to conclude that the social capital existence is important for the efficiency of institutions and for transaction cost minimization, but problems of collective actions involve common resources occur independent of the social capital presence. The collective group studied had a lightly larger level of capital stock in relation to the individual group. However, that social capital has not being a sufficient condition to overcome problems of collective actions.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria

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Maravanyika, Simeon. "Soil conservation and the white agrarian environment in Colonial Zimbabwe, c. 1908-1980." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40253.

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This thesis utilizes three theoretical approaches; political ecology, settler culture and community conservation to examine soil conservation and the white agrarian environment in colonial Zimbabwe to evaluate to what extent players in government and the agricultural sector were conscious or concerned about preservation and conservation of the soil. The thesis also examines the role of local and international ideas in the colony’s conservationist tradition, and whether the soil conservation movement was identity-forming among the colony’s settler farmers. The history of conservation on settler farms in colonial Zimbabwe can be periodized into three broad timeframes - from the 1890s to around the mid-1930s, between 1934 and 1965 and the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) period. In the first three and half decades of the 20th century the history of conservation can best be described as being characterized by a series of “dilemmas.” The British South Africa Company (BSA Co.) administration did not pursue soil conservation in any significant, synchronized or sustained manner. In the second period, from 1934 to 1965, there was considerable progress in the construction of conservation works on settler farms. This process was the result of recommendations made by Natural Resources Commission, a body that was appointed in 1938 to investigate the status of the colony’s natural resources. The mid-1940s were characterized by the formation of Intensive Conservation Areas (ICAs) in settler farming districts whose mandate was to oversee the construction of conservation works to rehabilitate settler farms. With the support of the Natural Resources Board (NRB), and the Department of Conservation and Extension (CONEX), formed in 1948 to provide expertise on conservation-related matters and extension support, all settler farming areas were covered by trained CONEX staff, though in most instances very thinly distributed due to high demand for their service and manpower constraints in the department. The third period, the UDI era, was characterized by attempts by the minority settler government to forestall majority rule in the colony. Malawi and Zambia (formerly Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, respectively) had been granted their independence by Britain in 1964. As decolonization was taking place in other parts of Africa, black majority rule in colonial Zimbabwe also seemed imminent. To the alarm of the white minority government, Britain had set out to grant majority rule to its African colonies, including Southern Rhodesia (renamed Rhodesia after Zambia’s independence). The Ian Smith-led government of Rhodesia, feeling betrayed, declared UDI on 11 November 1965, delaying Zimbabwean independence by another 15 years. With the end of the Federation in 1963, the colony could no longer rely on federal resources as it had done between 1953 and 1963. Sanctions, imposed in reaction to UDI, further put the regime in a tight corner. Their impact was quite significant. Fuel had to be rationed, and general belt-tightening across the board inevitably followed as major Rhodesian exports such as tobacco and minerals were embargoed on international markets. The start of the liberation war at the end of the 1960s further complicated matters.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Historical and Heritage Studies
Unrestricted

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Akpulat, Onur. "Co-combustion Of Coal And Olive Cake In A Fluidized Bed With Limestone Addition And Freeboard Extension." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611160/index.pdf.

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In this study, flue gas emissions and combustion efficiencies during combustion and co-combustion of olive cake and coal are investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed with an inside diameter of 102 mm and a height of 900 mm and 1900 mm. Tunç
bilek lignite coal and Edremit olive cake were used in the experiments as fuels. Temperature distributions along the combustion column were continuously measured. Flue gas concentrations of O2, CO, SO2 and NOx were measured during combustion experiments. Four sets of experiments were performed in order to examine the effect of fuel composition, excess air ratio, freeboard extension and limestone addition on flue gas emissions and combustion efficiency. The olive cake addition to coal were 25, 50, 75 % by wt. The bed temperature on the average was 850 oC. The results of the experiments showed that coal combustion occurs at lower parts of the combustion column whereas olive cake combustion takes place more in the freeboard region. As olive cake percentage in the fuel mixture increased, CO emissions increased, SO2 and NOx emissions decreased. The reason for the decrease of NOx emissions with increasing percentage of olive cake in the fuel mixture was due to a reducing atmosphere created in the combustion column. Mostly combustion losses resulted mainly from the unburnt carbon in the fly ash. With the freeboard extension, noticeable decrease in CO emissions and slight increase in combustion efficiencies were observed. Among the limestones tested, Ç
an limestone gave the best result with Ca/S = 3 at an optimum bed temperature of 850 oC. The SO2 reduction was 87% at this Ca/S ratio. For co-combustion experiments, it was observed that SO2 adsorption efficiency of limestone increased with the addition of olive cake to the fuel mixture.

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Kabore, Bertin. "Investigations into soil nutrient and change in soil physical characteristics under complementary forage rotation in comparison to pasture systems for dairy cows." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5355.

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Master of Science in Veterinary Science
A investigation into soil nutrient and the change soil physical properties was carried out for three pasture systems for dairy cows; the complementary forage rotation (CFR) which comprised of brassica (Brassica napus )/clover (Trifolium resupinatum ) and maize (Zea mays) capable of achieving more than 40 t/ha, the typical intensive pasture (PI) with kikuyu grass (Penisetum clandestinum) over-sown with ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and the extensive system (PE); on two soil types (brown chromosol and black vertisol) . The study demonstrated that the CFR system was capable of doubling its yield by using similar fertilizers (N, P and K) and water inputs compared to these of the PI system resulting of greater nutrients (N and K) and water use efficiencies. Overall, the nutrient lost through runoff water was very limited for two intensive systems and nearly nil for PE system. Also similar trends were observed for soil physical properties in the intensive systems except for the topsoil (0-10 cm) where light acidification (P= 0.04) was recorded in the CFR probably due to the soil works before the maize sowing.

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Kabore, Bertin. "Investigations into soil nutrient and change in soil physical characteristics under complementary forage rotation in comparison to pasture systems for dairy cows." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5355.

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A investigation into soil nutrient and the change soil physical properties was carried out for three pasture systems for dairy cows; the complementary forage rotation (CFR) which comprised of brassica (Brassica napus )/clover (Trifolium resupinatum ) and maize (Zea mays) capable of achieving more than 40 t/ha, the typical intensive pasture (PI) with kikuyu grass (Penisetum clandestinum) over-sown with ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and the extensive system (PE); on two soil types (brown chromosol and black vertisol) . The study demonstrated that the CFR system was capable of doubling its yield by using similar fertilizers (N, P and K) and water inputs compared to these of the PI system resulting of greater nutrients (N and K) and water use efficiencies. Overall, the nutrient lost through runoff water was very limited for two intensive systems and nearly nil for PE system. Also similar trends were observed for soil physical properties in the intensive systems except for the topsoil (0-10 cm) where light acidification (P= 0.04) was recorded in the CFR probably due to the soil works before the maize sowing.

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Domingo, Olivé Francesc. "Productivitat de cultius extensius i fertilitat i qualitat de sòls associades a les aplicacions de dejeccions ramaderes en un sistema agrari mediterrani." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383063.

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S’estudien els efectes a llarg termini (7-12 anys) de les aplicacions de dejeccions ramaderes sobre el rendiment i qualitat de blat de moro en regadiu i cereal d’hivern en secà i sobre la qualitat del sòl en sistemes agrícoles mediterranis. La producció de blat de moro és òptima aplicant fems de boví en fons (30 Mg ha-1) i N mineral (150-200 kg N ha-1) en cobertora. Aplicar majors dosis de fems, sense N en cobertora, permet produccions altes però amb dosis de N superiors a les permeses actualment. Per blat i ordi aportar purins abans de la sembra contribueix a augmentar les produccions de cereal d’hivern i el contingut en proteïna del gra. Aportacions afegides de N mineral en cobertora incrementen la producció de gra i el contingut en proteïna, però disminueixen la densitat i el pes del gra. Aplicacions anuals de dejeccions, tant en reg com en secà, milloren diferents paràmetres indicadors de la qualitat del sòl: augmenten l’estabilitat dels agregats, el contingut en C orgànic en la fracció lleugera de la matèria orgànica del sòl, la porositat i l’abundància de cucs de terra, respecte la fertilització amb adobs minerals.
Se estudian los efectos a largo plazo (7-12 años) de las aplicaciones de deyecciones ganaderas sobre el rendimiento y calidad del maíz en regadío y el cereal de invierno en secano y sobre la calidad del suelo en sistemas agrícolas mediterráneos. La producción de maíz es óptima aplicando estiércol de bovino en fondo (30 Mg ha-1) y N mineral (150-200 kg N ha-1) en cobertera. Aplicar mayores dosis de estiércol, sin N en cobertera, permite producciones altas pero con dosis de N superiores a las permitidas actualmente. Para trigo y cebada aportar purines antes de la siembra contribuye a aumentar las producciones de cereal de invierno y el contenido en proteína del grano. Aportaciones añadidas de N mineral en cobertera incrementan la producción de grano y el contenido en proteína, pero disminuyen la densidad y el peso del grano. Aplicaciones anuales de deyecciones, tanto en riego como en secano, mejoran diferentes parámetros indicadores de la calidad del suelo: aumentan la estabilidad de los agregados, el contenido en C orgánico en la fracción ligera de la materia orgánica del suelo, la porosidad y la abundancia de lombrices de tierra, respecto la fertilización con fertilizantes minerales.
We studied the long term effects (7-12 years) of manure application on yield and quality of irrigated maize and rainfed winter cereals and on soil quality in Mediterranean agricultural systems. Maize yield is optimized by applying dairy cattle manure (30 Mg ha-1) at presowing and mineral N (150-200 kg N ha-1) as sidedress. Higher manure rates, without sidedressing, allow high yielding but using more N than permitted at the moment. For wheat and barley, presowing applications of pig slurry contributes to increase winter cereals yields and grain protein content. Further application of mineral N at sidedressing increases yield and protein content but decreases grain density and weight. Annual manure application, for both irrigated and rainfed systems, improves, in respect mineral fertilization, several parameters that are indicators of soil quality: increases aggregate stability, organic C content in the light fraction of soil organic matter, porosity and earthworms abundance.

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Martins, Natalie Henriques. "Modelos de agrupamento e classificação para os bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro sob a ótica da Inteligência Computacional: Lógica Fuzzy, Máquinas de Vetores Suporte e Algoritmos Genéticos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9502.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A partir de 2011, ocorreram e ainda ocorrerão eventos de grande repercussão para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, como a conferência Rio+20 das Nações Unidas e eventos esportivos de grande importância mundial (Copa do Mundo de Futebol, Olimpíadas e Paraolimpíadas). Estes acontecimentos possibilitam a atração de recursos financeiros para a cidade, assim como a geração de empregos, melhorias de infraestrutura e valorização imobiliária, tanto territorial quanto predial. Ao optar por um imóvel residencial em determinado bairro, não se avalia apenas o imóvel, mas também as facilidades urbanas disponíveis na localidade. Neste contexto, foi possível definir uma interpretação qualitativa linguística inerente aos bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, integrando-se três técnicas de Inteligência Computacional para a avaliação de benefícios: Lógica Fuzzy, Máquina de Vetores Suporte e Algoritmos Genéticos. A base de dados foi construída com informações da web e institutos governamentais, evidenciando o custo de imóveis residenciais, benefícios e fragilidades dos bairros da cidade. Implementou-se inicialmente a Lógica Fuzzy como um modelo não supervisionado de agrupamento através das Regras Elipsoidais pelo Princípio de Extensão com o uso da Distância de Mahalanobis, configurando-se de forma inferencial os grupos de designação linguística (Bom, Regular e Ruim) de acordo com doze características urbanas. A partir desta discriminação, foi tangível o uso da Máquina de Vetores Suporte integrado aos Algoritmos Genéticos como um método supervisionado, com o fim de buscar/selecionar o menor subconjunto das variáveis presentes no agrupamento que melhor classifique os bairros (Princípio da Parcimônia). A análise das taxas de erro possibilitou a escolha do melhor modelo de classificação com redução do espaço de variáveis, resultando em um subconjunto que contém informações sobre: IDH, quantidade de linhas de ônibus, instituições de ensino, valor m médio, espaços ao ar livre, locais de entretenimento e crimes. A modelagem que combinou as três técnicas de Inteligência Computacional hierarquizou os bairros do Rio de Janeiro com taxas de erros aceitáveis, colaborando na tomada de decisão para a compra e venda de imóveis residenciais. Quando se trata de transporte público na cidade em questão, foi possível perceber que a malha rodoviária ainda é a prioritária

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Vieira, Adriane. "A escola postural sob a perspectiva da educação somática : a reformulação de um programa de extensão na ESEF/UFRGS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3942.

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Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão sobre pedagogias da postura que questiona a valorização de “corpos retos e corretos” presentes nas abordagens tradicionais da postura e propõe uma abordagem alternativa que, evitando modelos ideais de corpo e pretendendo proporcionar soluções viáveis às dificuldades posturais, valoriza o desenvolvimento da percepção cinestésica e o repensar dos contextos vivenciados. Essa reflexão foi formulada a partir de um diálogo com a Antropologia do corpo e da saúde e possibilitou que a autora argumentasse e justificasse a reformulação da Escola Postural da EsEF/UFRGS — de uma perspectiva biomecânica e cinesiológica sobre o corpo, para uma perspectiva da Educação Somática — e que analisasse o processo de implementação dessa reformulação. O estudo foi dividido em três partes: a primeira discute diferentes propostas pedagógicas sobre a postura, apresentando argumentos que justificam o interesse em desenvolver uma abordagem alternativa; a segunda apresenta o programa original de Escola Postural da EsEF/UFRGS e a sua reformulação com base na perspectiva da Educação Somática; a terceira, uma análise das falas dos alunos que participaram desse processo de reformulação e implementação. Foram realizadas, durante os 3 semestres (2002-2003) que durou o referido processo de reformulação e implementação da nova proposta, entrevistas semi-estruturadas (com 50 alunos) e observações-participantes (de 65 alunos), as quais compuseram o material empírico deste estudo. As reflexões tecidas nesta tese explicitam a viabilidade de uma educação alternativa da postura e o interesse de muitos sujeitos por uma abordagem que, deixando de lado a produção/construção de “corpos retos e corretos”, ensina a perceber e a repensar a postura.

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Siewert, Junior Vilmar 1990, Iara Regina dos Santos 1966 Parisotto, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. "Financiamento à pesquisa : a vantagem competitiva analisada sob a ótica da visão baseada em recursos /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2017. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2017/363784_1_1.pdf.

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Orientador: Iara Regina dos Santos Parisotto.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.

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Montcalm, Michael R. "Scheduling Algorithms for Instruction Set Extended Symmetrical Homogeneous Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20056.

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Embedded system designers face multiple challenges in fulfilling the runtime requirements of programs. Effective scheduling of programs is required to extract as much parallelism as possible. These scheduling algorithms must also improve speedup after instruction-set extensions have occurred. Scheduling of dynamic code at run time is made more difficult when the static components of the program are scheduled inefficiently. This research aims to optimize a program’s static code at compile time. This is achieved with four algorithms designed to schedule code at the task and instruction level. Additionally, the algorithms improve scheduling using instruction set extended code on symmetrical homogeneous multiprocessor systems. Using these algorithms, we achieve speedups up to 3.86X over sequential execution for a 4-issue 2-processor system, and show better performance than recent heuristic techniques for small programs. Finally, the algorithms generate speedup values for a 64-point FFT that are similar to the test runs.

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Ighodaro, Ikponmwosa David. "The perceived impact of soil erosion on food security in the upper and lower areas of Didimana in the Eastern Cape of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006781.

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Due to the particular nature of accelerated soil erosion, its impact on food security is usually very intense. The impact starts first on the farmer, and then to his/ her environment. This is why soil erosion, when unchecked, is very devastating. Therefore this study was set to evaluate the perceived impact of soil erosion on food security in the Upper and Lower Areas of Didimana, Eastern Cape of South Africa, and the role farmers’ adoption behaviours play in the interaction. Three specific objectives were put forward by the study, vis-à-vis: (1) to establish farmers’ perceptions on the impact of soil erosion on food security of the study area; (2) to establish farmers’ innovation adoption behaviour with respect to soil erosion control in the study area; and (3) to establish farmers’ perceptions on the impact of extension activities with respect to soil erosion-control in the study area. The central argument of discussion is that soil erosion like every other agricultural problem, is the result of farmers’ non-adoption or inappropriate adoption of improved and recommended soil management technologies in the study area. The survey method of research was adopted for the study, where data were collected, using a well structured questionnaire, from a total of 60 farmers in the study area, through a simple random sampling process. Farmers’ perception suggested that the impact of soil erosion in their area is severe. This severity is demonstrated firstly in the form of climate change, as the time of rain in their area is gradually changing, and thus changing their time of cropping. Similarly the livelihoods of farmers are being negatively affected, as farmers’ crops, livestock, and even household feeding are being affected. More so, findings indicate that most farmers now plant fewer crops and there is an estimation of crop loss by most farmers of well between 21-60 percent of crops every year. Farmers’ perception further revealed that due to soil erosion, over 50 percent of farmers are unsustainable and a total of 71.7 percent of farmers’ population admitted that the amount of food available for their households is being severely affected. In virtually every sphere of human endeavours improved technologies have been developed to solve human problems, but the main reason problems like soil erosion is still very evident is the fact of farmers’ non-adoption or inappropriate adoption of specific recommended technologies. In the study area, the role of farmers’ adoption behaviour in the interaction of the impact of soil erosion on food security was very prominent. Findings indicate that despite the presence of certain recommended soil management technologies in the study area, majority of farmers do not use them neither extension advices. Moreover their satisfaction with those technologies was found to be low, which could be an explanation why they do not use them. For innovation to be adopted, rejected or utilized inappropriately, the effectiveness and performance of agricultural extension, as well as farmers’ perception play a great role. Thus in the study area, farmers’ perception on extension effectiveness indicates that extension hardly talk about soil erosion and its control during times of their visit. Similarly, farmers’ rating for extension services and advices was as well very low (23.4 percent). In fact, a comparison of farmers’ traditional methods of soil erosion control with extension recommendations (53.4 percent) indicated that farmers perceive their local methods of more importance than extension methods. In the same vein, majority of farmers in the area indicated that extension officers are inadequate in their jobs. Reasons offered range from issues of unreliability, lack of regular visits, communication problems, less attention for crop farming, and other reasons such as extension being unconcerned for subsistence farmers, as well as the fact that they focus more on cooperatives. In all, the findings of the descriptive statistics reveal that the impact of soil erosion on food security in the study area is very significant, and the results of the linear regression model of relationships in the study reveal that soil erosion relates positively with age of farmers, their product quality, and their sustainability. In a similar note, the innovation adoption behaviours of farmers was also found to be positively related to farm yield and food accessibility. Thus showing that innovation adoption behaviour of farmers in the interaction of soil erosion and food security in the study area is significant. Therefore, efforts should be geared toward improving factors that increases yield and accessibility of farmers to serve as boosters of farmers’ motivation towards the adoption of appropriate soil management technologies in their area.

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Villar, Ana Eug?nia de Vasconcelos. "Extens?o universit?ria: concep??es e a??es na UFRN sob a tem?tica direitos humanos e justi?a no per?odo 2008 a 2010." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17899.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaEVV_DISSERT_.pdf: 5066051 bytes, checksum: 7680e2eb12b93284ac5c5db262576759 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25
This paper concerns a study on the University Extension, by reference to the research extension activities under the theme human rights and justice, developed in the period 2008 to 2010 in UFRN. To do so, it tried to learn the concepts of extension in Brazil from the 1970s until the 2000s in contemporary times. This study considered the neoliberal social context of the University, dominated by educational policies focusing on the hegemony of liberal ideas about society, reflecting the great advances of capital on the organization of workers in the last decades and intensified in the 1990s. This research was guided by two great motivations: the opportunity to apprehend a way to enforce the commitment of public institutions of higher education to the disadvantaged sections of society and what role the university extension space plays as a socially committed public university. The general aim of this study is to identify inside the university extension education what does it mean for practitioners and extension activities and what results it produces to society and to the academic training of future professional citizens in the current neoliberal context. The research has been developed from an analytical and critical approach based on quantitative and qualitative data, using observation techniques and semi-structured interviews. We sought to investigate and understand the social reality, the main object of this work, with an interest in identifying the need for a new teaching/learning process and for a new university practice, in order to effectively improve an advanced academic formation. For this, some interviews have been conducted with teachers, students and the external community involved in extension actions in the period defined by the work, i.e., from 2008 to 2010. In this stage, it was observed that the academic work of university extension is essential to civic education. It was recognized too as a privileged space where university fulfills its social commitment towards society, as long as it joins scientific and popular knowledge having in view a new science and a new social order
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a Extens?o Universit?ria, tomando como refer?ncia para a pesquisa as a??es extensionistas desenvolvidas no per?odo de 2008 a 2010 na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte UFRN sob a ?rea tem?tica direitos humanos e justi?a. Para tanto, investigou as concep??es de extens?o no Brasil a partir da d?cada de 1970 at? os anos 2000. Neste estudo foi considerado o contexto neoliberal em que est? inserida a Universidade, numa conjuntura de pol?ticas educacionais centrada na hegemonia das ideias liberais sobre a sociedade, como reflexo do grande avan?o do capital sobre a organiza??o dos trabalhadores nas ?ltimas d?cadas, intensificado nos anos 1990. Dentre as motiva??es para a realiza??o desta pesquisa, destacamos o ensejo de apreender como se estabelece o compromisso das institui??es p?blicas de ensino superior com as camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade e/ou qual o papel da Extens?o Universit?ria como espa?o de compromisso social da universidade p?blica na sociedade. Para o presente estudo delimitou-se como objetivo geral identificar no ?mbito da Universidade qual o significado da Extens?o Universit?ria para os que praticam a??es extensionistas e quais os resultados para a sociedade e para a forma??o acad?mica cidad? dos futuros profissionais na atual conjuntura neoliberal. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem anal?tico-cr?tica com base em dados quanti-qualitativos, utilizando as t?cnicas de observa??o e entrevista semiestruturada. Buscou-se investigar e conhecer na realidade social o objeto central deste trabalho, com vistas a apreender a necessidade de um novo processo de ensino-aprendizagem, de uma nova pr?tica universit?ria com a finalidade de promover, efetivamente, uma forma??o acad?mica cidad?. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com docentes, discentes e comunidade externa envolvidos em a??es extensionistas (no per?odo delimitado pelo trabalho 2008 a 2010), onde foi observado que a atividade acad?mica de Extens?o Universit?ria ? imprescind?vel para a forma??o cidad?, bem como teve seu reconhecimento como espa?o privilegiado para que a Universidade pudesse cumprir seu compromisso social junto ? sociedade, uma vez que une o saber cient?fico e o popular na perspectiva da constru??o de um novo conhecimento e da transforma??o social

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42

Sin, Man-fai. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of a school-based Chinese extensive reading curriculum for junior secondary students Jiao ben chu zhong Zhong wen ke wai yue du ke cheng de shi shi cheng xiao /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/Bib.

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43

Fournel, Julien. "Systèmes extensifs de gestion et de traitement des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20111/document.

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La gestion des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie est devenue une priorité depuis quelques années, au regard des problématiques d'inondations et de pollutions des cours d'eau qui remettent en cause l'atteinte des objectifs de la DCE. En outre, les filtres plantés de roseaux sont reconnus comme des solutions fiables pour le traitement des eaux usées depuis plus de 20 ans. Par ailleurs, leur adaptation à d'autres types d'effluents a été mise en place récemment (traitement tertiaire, effluents dilués, lits de séchage de boues), et la gestion des eaux de temps de pluie s'inscrit dans le cadre de cette extension de fonction. Bien que ce système combine à la fois des capacités de stockage et de traitement, Uhl et Dittmer (2005) ont mis en avant des dysfonctionnements (mort des roseaux en période sèche, chutes de performances). Ces auteurs soulignent aussi la nécessité d'optimiser les règles et outils de dimensionnement.Le projet SEGTEUP vise donc, via un suivi sur pilotes de grande taille et une modélisation hydrodynamique, à fournir des règles de conception à intégrer dans un futur outil de conception simplifié, utilisable à l'échelle du territoire français. L'étude des pilotes vise donc à tester différents matériaux et conceptions, alors que la modélisation met en évidence les principaux paramètres d'influence de l'écoulement. Au final, la filtration apparaît comme le principal processus d'élimination de la pollution organique et des micropolluants, alors que l'adsorption de la matière organique dissoute est négligeable. Par ailleurs, l'emploi d'un matériau à forte capacité d'adsorption (zéolite) accroît considérablement les capacités de rétention de l'ammonium. L'utilisation de tels matériaux est particulièrement recommandée en cas de charges en ammonium particulièrement élevées ou de faible surface disponible. Enfin, l'étude de l'hydrodynamique montre que l'écoulement, ainsi que l'adsorption et les réactions de biodégradation, sont fortement influencés par la limitation du débit de fuite (temps de rétention, particulièrement pendant la phase saturée). Par ailleurs, la structure d'alimentation doit permettre une répartition homogène de l'influent à la surface du massif pour éviter les court-circuits hydrauliques et les volumes morts. La construction d'un modèle 1D a enfin été mise en oeuvre, mais celui-ci ne permet pas de faire des prédictions, car la couche virtuelle simulant la limitation du débit de fuite doit être calée lors de chaque événement simulé. Une adaptation 2D du modèle, la prise en compte de lois de vannes et pertes de charges singulières, ainsi qu'un couplage filtre-réseau doit permettre la finalisation de cet outil
Urban runoff management has become a priority for many years, regarding the issues of flooding and water course pollution that jeopardize the objectives of the European Framework Directive 2000/60/CE. As an extensive technique, subsurface flow constructed wetlands have proved to be reliable solutions for the treatment of sewage, and have been used for more than 20 years. Their adaptation to other types of functions or effluents has even been implemented over the last ten years (tertiary treatment, dilute effluents, sludge drying reed beds), and the management of urban runoff is part of this extension process. Despite this system combines both storage and treatment capacities, (Uhl and Dittmer, 2005) highlight dysfunctions as reed death during long rest periods or performance losses. These authors also underline the needs in optimizing design rules and tools.Then, the SEGTEUP project combines a large-scale pilot monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling, aiming at providing some basis for the implementation of a reliable design tool, applicable over the entire French territory. Then, the pilot study aimed at testing different materials and filter configurations, while a mechanistic approach was implemented to highlight the main flow influence parameters.Anyway, filtration of suspended solids appears as the major pollutant removal process, allowing the retention of at least 70% of SS and associated pollutants whatever the material considered. Nevertheless, dissolved organic matter adsorption remains negligible, while ammonium elimination is poor for the coarsest material. In the opposite, adsorbent zeolite present high ammonium retention abilities and ensures constantly low discharge levels. The use of this material is particularly recommended in case of specific issues concerning high pollutant loads or low available surface area. Furthermore, micropollutants (metals and PAHs) mainly bound with particles, are highly removed by filtration of SS. In our study, dissolved micropollutants concentrations were too low to highlight robust conclusions. However, further research are needed to better understand metals retention and release, and PAHs degradation processes, since these mechanisms are strongly dependent of pH and redox conditions and dynamics. Finally, the study of hydrodynamics shows that the throttle value influences adsorption and degradation reactions through variations in hydraulic retention time, particularly during saturated phases. On the other hand, the feeding structure is of special importance since a homogenous distribution of influent at the filter surface is needed to avoid hydraulic shortcuts and corresponding dead volumes. Finally, a HYDRUS 1D model was implemented around urban runoff issues, but cannot be used as a predictive design tool. Indeed, the throttle value, represented by a virtual layer with low conductivity, must be re-calibrated for each simulated event. Then, a 2D adaptation of the model is required, as well as the integration in the HYDRUS code of appropriate singular head losses as boundary conditions. In the end, the developed simplified model of water flow and pollutant degradation should be coupled with a sewer system model, aiming at creating a flexible and adaptable design tool

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Tavanti, Renan Francisco Rimoldi. "Indicadores de qualidade física e química de solo em sistemas de pecuária extensiva no Cerrado Brasileiro /." Ilha Solteira, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192282.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Rafael Montanari
Resumo: A qualidade do solo não é algo que se pode medir diretamente, no entanto, pode ser avaliada pelos atributos que caracterizam seu estado físico, químico e biológico. A escolha de atributos mais relevantes e a interpretação das medidas obtidas não é algo simples, devido aos efeitos da mudança de uso da terra e as interações entre eles e as condições climáticas e serviços ecossistêmicos de cada região. O objetivo desse estudo foi fornecer uma visão geral de alguns indicadores de qualidade física e química do solo no contexto de restauração de pastagens do Cerrado Brasileiro. A tese é disposta em capítulos, compondo além das considerações gerais apresentadas no Capítulo 1, os Capítulos 2 e 3, que são estudos científicos de avaliação da qualidade física e química do solo. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no município de Selvíria – MS em duas áreas destinadas à pecuária extensiva de corte, subsidiadas pela planta forrageira Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Malhas experimentais de 2,7 e 1,4 hectares, com 70 e 65 pontos, respectivamente, foram instaladas nas áreas e amostras de solo de estrutura deformada e indeformada foram tomadas para avaliação dos atributos físicos e químicos. Também se avaliou os estoques de carbono orgânico total, suas frações granulométricas e a emissão de CO2 nas áreas, visando enxergar os efeitos da reforma sob o aporte de carbono e as emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Em uma das áreas avaliou-se a curva de retenção de água do solo e índice S em todos os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Soil quality is not something that can be directly measured; however, it can be assessed by the attributes that characterize its physical, chemical and biological state. The choice of more relevant attributes and the interpretation of the measures obtained is not a simple matter, due to the effects of land use change and the interactions between them, the climatic conditions and ecosystem services of each region. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of some indicators of physical and chemical quality of the soil in the context of pasture restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado. The thesis is laid out in chapters, composing in addition to the general considerations presented in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 and 3, which are scientific studies to assess the physical and chemical quality of the soil. The experiments were carried out in the municipality of Selvíria – MS in two areas for extensive beef cattle, subsidized by the forage plant Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Experimental meshes of 2.7 and 1.4 hectares, with 70 and 65 points, respectively, were installed in the areas and soil samples of deformed and undeformed structure were taken to assess the physical and chemical attributes. The total organic carbon stocks, their particle size fractions and the CO2 emission in the areas were also evaluated, aiming to see the effects of the reform under the carbon input and the greenhouse gas emissions. In one of the areas, the soil water retention curve and S index were evaluated ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silveira, Thiago Martins. "Docagem ou afretamento de UMS: a escolha ótima para a extensão da vida útil das plataformas de petróleo de campos marítimos maduros sob o enfoque das opções reais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14968.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é propor a utilização do arcabouço teórico das opções reais e a posterior aplicação do modelo binomial na avaliação de projetos relacionados à exploração e produção de petróleo, tendo em vista a flexibilidade gerencial, os riscos e as incertezas técnicas e de mercado que norteiam o setor petrolífero upstream. Ademais, a aplicação do modelo proposto capta o papel crucial da volatilidade do preço do petróleo na avaliação da decisão de investimento e revela a existência dos custos irrecuperáveis extremos decorrentes do ativo real, neste caso, a unidade marítima de petróleo. Assim, com o intuito de prolongar o ciclo de produção de unidade marítima de petróleo com características preestabelecidas, propõe-se a avaliação econômica de duas alternativas tecnológicas para a extensão de vida útil da plataforma marítima objeto de estudo, sendo estas alternativas tratadas como opções de expansão. As alternativas propostas são duas: o afretamento da UMS (Unidade de Manutenção e Segurança) acoplada à plataforma e a docagem da plataforma a partir da desmobilização, isto é, o descomissionamento, e envio da plataforma ao estaleiro. Na aplicação da primeira opção, a UMS se configura em uma embarcação equipada com toda a estrutura necessária para a realização de serviço de manutenção e revitalização, sem que ocorra interrupção da produção de petróleo. Por outro lado, a opção de descomissionamento é desprovida de receita até o retorno da plataforma do estaleiro. No que tange à metodologia do presente trabalho, o modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro é aplicado considerando a receita proveniente da produção de petróleo de uma plataforma marítima com sistema de produção flutuante com 14 poços, sendo 10 produtores e 4 injetores e sustentada por 8 linhas de ancoragem. Também é definida a volatilidade do projeto como sendo a volatilidade do preço do petróleo. Por fim, as opções de expansão podem ser exercidas a qualquer momento antes da data de expiração das opções, data esta coincidente para ambas as opções e referente ao término de contrato de afretamento da UMS, que corresponde ao período de cinco anos. Neste período de cinco anos, as duas alternativas são exercidas a partir do primeiro ano, com receitas e custos distintos em virtude das especificidades decorrentes das alternativas tecnológicas propostas. A partir da aplicação do modelo binomial com probabilidades de risco neutro sob o enfoque das opções reais, as duas alternativas tecnológicas são tratadas como opções americanas na avaliação econômica da revitalização e manutenção da plataforma marítima. Também realiza-se a análise tradicional do VPL para as duas alternativas. As duas análises apontam para a escolha da UMS como alternativa ótima de expansão da vida útil da plataforma. Ademais, a análise sob o enfoque das opções reais capta um valor adicional em ambas as alternativas tecnológicas, fruto das características inerentes à indústria petrolífera. Quanto à estrutura do trabalho em questão se divide em cinco capítulos: introdução, referencial teórico, metodologia, apresentação dos resultados e as considerações finais.
This paper purposes the use of theoretical framework of real options and posterior employment of binomial model in project evaluation concerning the exploration and production of oil, in view of manager flexibility, risks, techniques and market uncertainties that guide the upstream oil sector. Furthermore, the apliccation of the proposed model captures the crucial role of the volatility of oil price in the evaluation of investment decision and brings out the presence of high sunk costs resulting from real asset, in this case, offshore oil platform. Thus, in order to prolong the maritime unit of production cycle oil with predetermined characteristics, it is proposed economic evaluation of two alternative technologies for the lifetime extension of offshore studied, and these alternatives treated as options to expansion. The alternatives proposals are: the chartering of MSU (Maintenance and Safety Unit) coupled to platform and the send of offshore platform in the dock after its decommissioning and its send to shipyard. In the implementation of the first option, MSU configures a equipped vessel with all the necessary structure to perform maintenance and revitalization without interruption of oil production. On the other hand, the option of decommissioning is devoid of revenue until the regress of the offshore platform from the shipyard. Concerning the methodology of this study, the binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities is applied regarding the revenue arising from the oil production of offshore platform with floating production system that accept 14 oil wells, including 10 production well and 4 injection well and supported by 8 anchor line. The volatility of project is also defined as the volatility of oil price. Lastly, the options to expand may be exercised anytime before its expiration date that coincides for both options and concerning the end of contract of MSU that correspond to the period of five years. In this period, both alternatives are exercised from the first year, with differents revenue and costs by virtue of specificities resulting from the technological alternatives proposals. From the application of binomial model with risk-neutral probabilities from the standpoint of real options, these two alternatives are treated as american options in the evaluation of revitalization and maintenance of offshore platform. Also takes place the traditional analysis of NPV for both alternatives. These two analysis point at choice of MSU as the best alternative for prolonging the useful life of offshore platform. Moreover, the analysis from the standpoint of real options capture additional value in both technological alternatives, the result of characteristics inherent in the oil industry. As for the structure of the work in question is divided into five chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, methodology, presentation of results and final considerations.

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Hernandez, Miguel. "Procédé laser de réalisation de jonctions ultra-minces pour la microélectronique silicium : étude expérimentale, modélisation et tests de faisabilité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009586.

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La réalisation de jonctions ultra-minces et fortement dopées est un enjeu majeur pour poursuivre la miniaturisation des dispositifs microélectroniques. En effet, la réduction de taille du transistor MOS, composant de base de la microélectronique silicium, exige des conditions drastiques notamment sur les caractéristiques dimensionnelles et électriques des zones dopées constituant la source et le drain du transistor. Les technologies utilisées actuellement pour la réalisation de ces couches dopées seront, à court terme, incapables de tenir les spécifications imposées par l'évolution prévue pour les dix années à venir. Au cours de ce travail de thèse nous avons étudié des procédés de dopage par laser, susceptibles de répondre à ces exigences, primordiales pour le bon fonctionnement du MOS. Nous avons disposé pour étudier les procédés de recuit et de dopage, de deux montages expérimentaux qui utilisent deux lasers impulsionnels ayant des caractéristiques temporelles très différentes: un laser industriel VEL 15 XeCl (15J, 200ns) développé et mis à disposition par la société SOPRA dans ses locaux, et un laser, plus conventionnel, Lambda Physik XeCl (200mJ, 20ns), installé à l'IEF. Après avoir présenter les différentes techniques utilisées ou susceptibles d'être utilisées pour la réalisation de jonctions dopées, les dispositifs optiques expérimentaux utilisés dans ce travail ont été décrit en détail, ainsi que les différents phénomènes mis enjeu lors de l'irradiation laser. Des modélisations thermiques ont permis de mieux comprendre les paramètres clés du recuit laser et se sont avéré en bon accord avec de nombreuses caractérisations réalisées. Puis l'intégration du procédé laser aux autres technologies de fabrication du MOSFET a été étudiée et testée. Cette étude a permis d'obtenir des transistors fonctionnels démontrant la possibilité de l'utilisation de techniques laser pour la réalisation de jonctions ultra fines dans la chaîne de fabrication des transistors CMOS.

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Chaineau, Claude-Henri. "Devenir et effets des hydocarbures dans le cas de l'épandage extensif de déblais de forage en agrosystème." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL150N.

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Alors que l'épandage de déchets huileux à forte dose sur des sols non cultivés est utilisé pour éliminer les hydrocarbures, les épandages à faible dose sur les terres cultivées ont été peu envisagés. Aussi, des essais ont été conduits au laboratoire et au champ afin de suivre le devenir et les effets, dans le système sol-plante-microorganismes, d'hydrocarbures appliqués à faible dose sous la forme de déblais de forage. Ont été pris en compte la phytotoxicité, le transfert sol-plante, la biodégradation en absence et en présence de plante et l'infiltration des hydrocarbures. Les résultats des études en laboratoire montrent que les hydrocarbures perturbent la germination et la croissance des végétaux. La phytotoxicité dépend de la dose, du type de molécule et varie en fonction des espèces végétales. Aucun transfert d'hydrocarbures dans les parties aériennes du maïs n'est observé. Dans le sol, la majorité des hydrocarbures est dégradée et le résidu final de la biodégradation est constitué de molécules cycliques. En présence de plante, la dégradation est plus rapide et l'exsudation racinaire est un facteur important de stimulation de la dégradation des hydrocarbures dans la rhizosphère. Au champ, l'infiltration sélective des hydrocarbures légers et de certains métabolites dans le profil de sol et dans les eaux de drainage est observée. L’importance du phénomène dépend de la quantité et du type d'hydrocarbures et des conditions pédoclimatiques. L’épandage de déblais de forage en plein champ entraine une légère diminution du rendement des deux premières cultures. Aucun hydrocarbure pétrogénique n'est retrouvé dans les plantes. Dans ces conditions, la vitesse de disparition des hydrocarbures est proportionnelle à la dose d'épandage. Les alcanes linéaires, ramifiés et certains aromatiques sont dégradés alors que les composés cycliques persistent. L’apport de petites quantités de déblais de forage pourrait constituer une alternative au landfarming intensif des déchets huileux. Cependant, la présence de molécules mobiles et toxiques peut avoir des conséquences négatives sur l'agrosystème

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Poloni, Diogo Medici. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de procedimento metodológico em suporte ao planejamento participativo para redução de perda de solos em pequenas bacias hidrográficas com emprego da EUPS." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6151.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A atividade agrosilvipastoril no Brasil e em diversas localidades do mundo, tem provocado impactos como a erosão do solo e o assoreamento dos corpos hídricos. A Equação Universal de Perda de Solos EUPS estima a perda de solos por erosão hídrica laminar (A) em ton/ha/ano, através da multiplicação de seis parâmetros: erosividade da chuva (R), erodibilidade do solo (K), comprimento da rampa (L), inclinação da rampa (S), uso e manejo do solo (C) e práticas conservacionistas (P). Dessa forma, ela permite a proposição de cenários alternativos de uso e manejo do solo através dos fatores C e P. Os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG contribuíram muito para ampliação de sua aplicação. Resultados de pesquisa-extensão rural com enfoque sistêmico indicam, fundamentalmente, que as tecnologias de controle de erosão deveriam ser adaptadas às condições de cada tipo de agricultor e conduzidas diretamente nas suas propriedades, com a participação do mesmo. Com isso, esta pesquisa vem contribuir para gestão de bacias hidrográficas, visando redução de perda de solos e dos impactos conseqüentes, através do desenvolvimento de um procedimento metodológico participativo com base na utilização da EUPS e de SIG. Entre os temas e aspectos que serviram de maior embasamento para o desenvolvimento do procedimento metodológico têm-se: a estimativa da perda de solos sob duas abordagens em termos de modelagem convencional, sem o envolvimento de participação social, e contando com esta na determinação dos parâmetros C e P da EUPS; a mobilização de atores relevantes para participação do processo de modelagem subsídio quanto à definição dos fatores C e P; a capacitação dos participantes do processo de modelagem; a integração de saberes especializados e não especializados (locais); e a iteratividade como forma de aperfeiçoamento de processos. A aplicação do procedimento metodológico proposto a uma bacia hidrográfica piloto, situada no município de Itarana/ES, possibilitou mostrar que o mesmo pode auxiliar: no desenvolvimento de planejamento participativo para redução de perdas de solos de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com base na realidade de cada produtor rural, considerando, entre outros fatores, as especificidades sócio-culturais e a interação de saberes (especializados e não especializados locais); considerando a capacidade de investimento de cada produtor rural no dimensionamento dos investimentos institucionais adicionais, espaciais, necessários para o cumprimento de metas de redução de perdas de solo por bacia; que o maior esforço para aplicação da EUPS de forma participativa é compensado tanto pela produção de cenários de redução de perdas de solos mais realistas que os convencionalmente praticados como pela sensibilização e promoção do envolvimento dos produtores/ proprietários rurais em ações de conservação dos solos
The agrosilvipastoral activity has impacted negatively the environment worldwide, promoting soil erosion and sediment settling in water bodies. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) estimates the rates of laminar erosion (A; in ton/acre/year) by the multiplication of six parameters: A = RKLSCP (R: rainfall erosivity factor; K = soil erodibility factor; S: slope length factor; L: slope gradient factor; C: use and occupation of land factor; and P: conservationist practice factor). Thus, it can be used for the planning of occupation, use and management of land through the proposition of alternative values of C and P, with the assistance of Geographic Information Systems GIS. The literature indicates that the development of systemic rural research/extension in the area of erosion control should be adapted to the farmer s reality, and undertaken in their farms and with the participation. Thus, the present work aims to contribute to the management of watersheds with the purpose of promote the reduction of soil losses and related impacts, by the development of a participatory methodological procedure based on the employment of the USLE and SIG. Among the main themes and aspects which fundamented the development of the aforementioned procedure: utilisation of USLE for the estimation of soil loses rates under two approaches, in terms of modelling without (conventional) and with the involvement of social participation in support to the determination of the C and P factors; mobilisation of stakeholders to the modelling process; capacity-building of the participants of the modelling process; integration of specialised and non-specialised knowledge (local); and iterativity as a way of process improvement. The application of the proposed methodological procedure to a pilot watershed, situated in the municipality of Itarana, Espírito Santo State Brazil, showed that it can used to assist: the development of participatory planning for the reduction of soil losses in small watersheds taking into consideration the reality of each farmer, socio-cultural specificity, and the iteration of knowledge (specialised and non-specialised); considering the capacity of investment of each farmer, the dimensioning of the required additional financial investment to be made by governmental institutions in order to achieve the predefined aims of reduction of soil losses for the watershed. The case study showed also that the greater effort required for the application of EUPS in a participatory manner is be compensated by the production of more realistic scenarios of soil losses, in comparison to those produced via conventional approaches and due to the resulting sensibilisation and involvement of farmers in soil conservation practices/actions

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William, Apollinaire. "Smallholder Farmers, Environmental Change and Adaptation in a Human-Dominated Landscape in the Northern Highlands of Rwanda." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1527182117011253.

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50

Norlén, Mikael. "Ett matsystem med biologiska jordbruksmetoder och växthusodling : Kost, jordbruk och energibalans i växthus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-308757.

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The project examines the possibilities to develop a local and sustainable model for food production in Uppsala with focus on diet, farming methods and different types of greenhouse installations. With the simulation software VIP energy 3.1.1 the energy balance and temperature development of greenhouses of different materials were calculated for different operating cases. The results were also compared when the greenhouse was installed stand-alone or integrated to the wall of a small standard or passive house. With a starch based diet and biological farming methods research suggests it is possible to produce food efficiently without compromising the environment or our health. The yearly food needs for a family of four that follows the suggested diet was estimated to 4362 kg and the outdoor land required to produce it was calculated to 4676 m2 through organic yield statistics. The area could however be reduced to 2813 m2 if the only starch staple in production was potatoes. The tender growing season in a greenhouse constructed with a covering of 5 mm glass or 5-16Ar-5 mm was calculated to 85 and 148 days respectively. The energy use required for year round production of mushrooms in the respective greenhouses was calculated to 53 or 16 kWh/m2,year. Half hardy plants required 399 or 173 kWh/m2,year and tender plants 953 or 358 kWh/m2,year. When the greenhouses were connected to the wall of a small house the heating demand could be reduced by up to 22 % depending on the operating case.

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Дисертації з теми "Extension de soi"

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