Статті в журналах: "Extended exposure"

1

Hessel, Charles. "Extended Exposure Fusion." Image Processing On Line 9 (December 29, 2019): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5201/ipol.2019.278.

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Youssef, A. Samy, and Andrew E. Sloan. "Extended Transoral Approaches." Neurosurgery 66, suppl_3 (March 1, 2010): A126—A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000366117.04095.ec.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The transoral approach provides the most direct exposure to extradural lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction. Lesions that extend beyond the exposure provided by the standard transoral approach require an extended transoral modification. The exposure can be expanded in the sagittal and axial planes by adding mandibulotomy, mandibuloglossotomy, palatotomy, and transmaxillary approaches to the standard transoral approach. Extended transoral approaches increase the surgical complexity and the risk of cosmetic and functional complications. Until recently, selection of an extended approach has been arbitrary and dependent on the surgeon's familiarity with the surgical approach. OBJECTIVE We review the literature of extended transoral approaches and analyze the different modifications in terms of the technical aspects, added exposure, and complications. METHODS Classic approaches and recently published morphometric studies that objectively document the gain in exposure provided by several modifications were analyzed and tabulated to outline the limits of exposure and risk of complications associated with the various modifications. RESULTS Transmaxillary approaches expand the exposure to include the sphenoid sinus and upper lateral clivus. To expand the exposure more inferiorly to C4–C5, mandibulotomy or mandibuloglossotomy can be applied. Mandibuloglossotomy increases the rostral exposure as well to the upper third of the clivus. Palatotomy increases rostral exposure without requiring a facial incision or perioperative tracheostomy, but is associated with a significant risk of velopharyngeal insufficiency. CONCLUSION Surgical decisions can be based on comprehensive preoperative evaluation of anatomy, pathology, and radiographic studies to maximize exposure while minimizing complications.

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Kurbanov, Almaz, Chris Sanders-Taylor, Jeffrey T. Keller, Norberto Andaluz, and Mario Zuccarello. "The Extended Transorbital Craniotomy: An Anatomic Study." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000762.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Supra-/transorbital approaches are mostly limited to suprasellar and anterior fossa pathologies, whereas lateral supraorbital approaches provide less retrosellar exposure and less overall operative volume, especially in the temporal region. OBJECTIVE Our cadaveric study proposes removal of the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone to increase both the lateral angle typically achieved with pterional approaches and exposure to the temporal lobe and perisellar region. METHODS In 5 cadaveric specimens, our 3 steps to expand transorbital exposures included the following: step 1, standard transorbital craniotomy via a 3-cm supra-eyebrow incision; step 2, removal of the lesser sphenoid wing completed extradurally; and step 3, partial removal of the greater sphenoid wing. Operative extension in sylvian, parasellar, and anterolateral temporal exposures were quantified for each step (t test). RESULTS Step 2 provided the greatest increased exposure in the sylvian and parasellar regions compared with step 3, whereas step 3 provided a significant proportion of the exposure in the lateral temporal region. Finally, the lateral view progressively increased with each subsequent step. CONCLUSION Our 3-step removal of the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone quantified increased sylvian, anterior temporal, and parasellar exposures for this minimally invasive approach with excellent cosmesis. Its increases the anterolateral view (similar to a subfrontal pterional approach) and offers potential applications to vascular and neoplastic (ie, sphenoid meningiomas) pathologies classically treated via a pterional or frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach.

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Lyon-Caen, Sarah, Valérie Siroux, Johanna Lepeule, Philippe Lorimier, Pierre Hainaut, Pascal Mossuz, Joane Quentin, et al. "Deciphering the Impact of Early-Life Exposures to Highly Variable Environmental Factors on Foetal and Child Health: Design of SEPAGES Couple-Child Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203888.

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In humans, studies based on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept and targeting short half-lived chemicals, including many endocrine disruptors, generally assessed exposures from spot biospecimens. Effects of early-life exposure to atmospheric pollutants were reported, based on outdoor air pollution levels. For both exposure families, exposure misclassification is expected from these designs: for non-persistent chemicals, because a spot biospecimen is unlikely to capture exposure over windows longer than a few days; for air pollutants, because indoor levels are ignored. We developed a couple-child cohort relying on deep phenotyping and extended personal exposure assessment aiming to better characterize the effects of components of the exposome, including air pollutants and non-persistent endocrine disruptors, on child health and development. Pregnant women were included in SEPAGES couple-child cohort (Grenoble area) from 2014 to 2017. Maternal and children exposure to air pollutants was repeatedly assessed by personal monitors. DNA, RNA, serum, plasma, placenta, cord blood, meconium, child and mother stools, living cells, milk, hair and repeated urine samples were collected. A total of 484 pregnant women were recruited, with excellent compliance to the repeated urine sampling protocol (median, 43 urine samples per woman during pregnancy). The main health outcomes are child respiratory health using early objective measures, growth and neurodevelopment. Compared to former studies, the accuracy of assessment of non-persistent exposures is expected to be strongly improved in this new type of birth cohort tailored for the exposome concept, with deep phenotyping and extended exposure characterization. By targeting weaknesses in exposure assessment of the current approaches of cohorts on effects of early life environmental exposures with strong temporal variations, and relying on a rich biobank to provide insight on the underlying biological pathways whereby exposures affect health, this design is expected to provide deeper understanding of the interplay between the Exposome and child development and health.

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Behar, Alberto. "Noise Exposure Levels from Extended Workshifts." International Journal of Speech & Language Pathology and Audiology 9, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.12970/2311-1917.2021.09.01.

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6

Schneider, Darren B., Rajabrata Sarkar, Louis M. Messina, and Ronald J. Stoney. "Extended Iliac Exposure from the Groin." Vascular Surgery 35, no. 2 (March 2001): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153857440103500208.

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7

Lund, Brian J., and Karl Schulmeister. "On the exposure limits for extended source multiple pulse laser exposures." Journal of Laser Applications 25, no. 4 (August 2013): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4802761.

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8

Appadurai, Emily, Bryony Thomas-Noy, and Marina Arulanandam. "Undergraduate exposure to GPs with Extended Roles." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 688 (October 31, 2019): 543.4–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x706217.

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9

Swartz, William J., and Roy L. Schutzmann. "Liver weight response to extended chlordecone exposure." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39, no. 4 (October 1987): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01698453.

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10

Herman, Barry K., Judith C. Kando, Thomas King, and Antonio Pardo. "178 Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Amphetamine Extended-Release Tablet Compared with Amphetamine Extended-Release Oral Suspension." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000930.

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Abstract:Objectives:Evaluate comparative bioavailability of single-dose amphetamine extended-release tablet (AMPH ER TAB, Tris Pharma, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ) 20 mg, swallowed whole or chewed and amphetamine extended-release oral suspension (AMPH EROS) 2.5 mg/mL; and evaluate whether a PK food effect exists on AMPH ER TAB (contains a 3.2:1 ratio of d- to l-amphetamine).METHODS:Healthy volunteers (18-55 yr) were randomized to 1 dose of AMPH ER TAB 20 mg swallowed (fasted), chewed (fed/fasted), or 20 mg AMPH EROS (fasted).A crossover design was used. Samples were collected each period pre-dose and at time points to 60 h post-dose. D-and l-amphetamine were measured, and PK was calculated (90% CIs of the ratios of the geometric mean plasma levels) for Cmax, AUCt, and AUC0∞. Comparative bioavailability was determined when ratios were within 80 and 125%. Safety was also assessed.RESULTS:32 subjects completed the study. Based on the calculated bioavailability ratios, for AMPH ER TAB swallowed vs. AMPH EROS fasted: d-amphetamine total and peak exposures were found to be similar: AUC0-t: 100.68-108.08%, AUC0-∞:101.47-109.52%, Cmax: 98.10-103.17%. For l-amphetamine, the total and peak exposures were similar: AUC0-t: 100.31-108.57%, AUC0-∞:101.27-111.09%, Cmax: 98.2-103.37%.AMPH ER TAB chewed vs. AMPH EROS fasted: For d-amphetamine, the total and peak exposures were similar: AUC0-t: 99.23-106.62%, AUC0-∞: 99.58-107.59%, Cmax: 99.91-105.14%. For l-amphetamine, the total and peak exposure was similar: AUC0-t: 98.16-106.35%, AUC0-∞: 98.44-108.11%, Cmax: 99.53-104.75%.Food effect: AMPH ER TAB, chewed, fasted vs. fed: For d-amphetamine, the total and peak exposure was similar: AUC0-t: 92.57-99.49%, AUC0-∞: 91.12-98.48%, Cmax: 94.22-99.17%.For l-amphetamine, the total and peak exposure was similar: AUC0-t: 91.27-98.91%, AUC0-∞: 88.44-97.17%, Cmax: 94.52-99.50%).No serious AEs were reported during the conduct of this study, and the AE profiles were observed to be similar in frequency of events and severity to other amphetamine formulations used in ADHD.CONCLUSIONS:Bioavailability of single dose of AMPH ER TAB for both d- and l-amphetamine was comparable, swallowed whole or chewed, to an equivalent 20 mg dose of the reference product AMPH EROS, 2.5 mg/mL fasted, and showed equivalent peak and overall exposure.No food effect was observed for AMPH ER TAB administered chewed. All AEs were mild in severity and AE profiles were similar to other amphetamine formulations used for treatment of ADHD.Funding Acknowledgements:Tris Pharma, Inc.

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11

Kiernan, M. J., and R. F. Westbrook. "Effects of Exposure to a To-Be-Shocked Environment upon the Rat's Freezing Response: Evidence for Facilitation, Latent Inhibition, and Perceptual Learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 46, no. 3b (August 1993): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401089.

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Three experiments used the freezing response of rats to examine the effects of pre-exposure to an environment upon (1) its associability with shock and (2) its discriminability from a second environment. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that freezing was proportional to the interval between exposure to the environment at time T1 and the occurrence of shock at T2. This function was shifted by pre-exposure to the to-be-shocked environment, with brief pre-exposures increasing (facilitation) and extended pre-exposures decreasing (latent inhibition) the impact of a given T1-T2 interval on freezing. Experiment 3 provided evidence that the facilitatory and latent inhibitory effects resulting from brief and extended exposures to the to-be-shocked environment were accompanied by an increase in discriminability. The results were taken to have supported the claim that pre-exposure changes associability as well as discriminability (Hall & Honey, 1989) and were discussed in terms of the model for perceptual learning proposed by McLaren, Kaye, and Mackintosh (1990).

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12

Li, Xigen, and Xudong Liu. "Selective Exposure, Extended Exposure, and Sidetracked Exposure: A Model of Media Exposure on the Internet and Consequential Effects." Annals of the International Communication Association 37, no. 1 (January 2013): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2013.11679154.

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13

Ahrendt, Steven A., Leon Schlossberg, and Gregory B. Bulkley. "Extended Subcostal Hinge Incision for Right Hepatic Lobectomy." American Surgeon 65, no. 8 (August 1999): 774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313489906500815.

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The safe performance of a right hepatic lobectomy requires adequate exposure of the hepatic veins and of the suprahepatic vena cava. An extended subcostal or midline incision is commonly used to provide exposure for this operation. The technique for an extended subcostal incision that uses the natural hinge mechanism of the rib cage to provide exposure to the right upper quadrant is described. This approach provides adequate exposure during a difficult hepatectomy, avoiding the need for a thoracotomy or sternotomy.

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14

Chen, Yvonne, Maciej Paluch, Julie A. Zorn, Sharmila Rajan, Brandon Leonard, Alberto Estevez, John Brady, et al. "Targeted IgMs agonize ocular targets with extended vitreal exposure." mAbs 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1818436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2020.1818436.

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15

Saudi, Mustafa. "Hypofibrinogenemia in Patient with Extended Exposure to Argatroban Therapy." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117765.

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Abstract A 42 year old female with past medical history of asthma and recent admission for Alprazolam overdose presented to our hospital with dyspnea and generalized weakness.. She was noted by paramedics to be hypoxic, hypotensive and bradycardic, and she was intubated in the field prior to arrival.. Medication prior to admission, Albuterol HFA. Patient had no known drug allergies. On presentation to the emergency department, patient appeared critically ill, hypotensive to 74/50 , hypoxic with oxygen saturation of 60%, heart rate of 137 BPM, respiratory rate 15/min, temp 99 F, and unresponsive to verbal stimuli. Endotrachial tube placement was confirmed using laryngoscope. Whilein ED, patient went into Pulseless Electrical activity state and CPR was started immediately. She was given one round of Epinephrine with return of spontaneous circulation after 3 minutes. Bedside transthoracic echo suggestive of right heart strain, patient was given Tenecteplase given high risk of Pulmonary embolism. She was then transferred to the Intensive care unit and was started on pressure support.. Initial Chest CT angiogram showed no signs of pulmonary embolism. Pertinent laboratory values at admission were, serum Creatinine 1.28 mg/dl , WBC 14 K/mcl, HGB 12/4 g/dl, Platelet count 186 K/mcl, PT 12.4 sec, INR 1.1, APTT 29.9 sec, Arterial blood gas with PH 7.039, PCO2 70.9 mmhg, PO2 35.9 mmhg, HCO3 18.2 mmol/l and Lactate 11.0 mmol/l. Hepatic function panel showing Albumin 3.7 gm/dl, Total protein 7.2 gm/dl, Total Bilirubin 0.6 mg/dl, Direct Bilirubin 0.1 ml/dl, ALK Phos 95 U/L, ALT 58 U/L, AST 73 U/L. Patient respiratory status improved and was extubated on day 2, she was transferred to step down unit. Patient initially was on DVT prophylaxis dose of LMWH 5000 unit at bed time. However on day 5 laboratory values were notable for a drop in Platelets to 37 K/mcl, suspicion that patient developed HIT as 4T score of 6 ( high probability of of HIT 64%) which was confirmed with positive Serotonin releasing essay. On day 6 post admission, patient reported right calf pain, venous duplex studyof the lower extremity was performed showing lack of compressibility in right proximal, middle and distal superficial femoral veins consistent deep venous thrombosis . A lung perfusion scan was done showing high probability of pulmonary thromboembolic process. Administration of Argatroban was initiated at 2 mcg/kg/min IV titrated to goal of APTT 1.5-3x of baseline up 100 sec. Subsequent daily labs showing continuous drop in Fibrinogen levels(persistent <35 mg/dl, Normal 233-394) with appropriate increase in APTT values ( therapeutic goal of 45-90) and normal PT, INR values. Subsequently, patient was receiving fresh frozen plasma twice daily. After careful review of the case with hematology consult, the drop in Fibrinogen levels was noted to be corresponding with he 12 days of Argatroban administration, so decision was made to stop Argatroban and switch to fondaparinaux. Fibrinogen values returned to normal within 1 day of discontinuation of Argatroban therapy (bridging to W arfarin), raising the concern for Argatroban induced hypofibrinogenemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Chamberlain, M. C., and J. Raizer. "Extended exposure to alkylator chemotherapy: Delayed appearance of myelodysplasia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e13030-e13030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e13030.

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e13030 Background: Alkylator-based chemotherapy is recognized to be leukemogenic, however, it is infrequently described as a delayed consequence of anti-glioma treatment. Objective: A case series of gliomas treated with alkylator-based chemotherapy who subsequently developed myelodysplastic syndrome (tMDS) or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Methods: Seven patients (4 men; 3 women) ages 34–69 years (median 44), with gliomas (3 Grade 2; 4 Grade 3) were treated with surgery, all but one with involved-field radiotherapy and all with alkylator-based chemotherapy (temozolomide; 6 patients, nitrosoureas; 5 patients, both agents; 5 patients). Results: Exposure to alkylator-based chemotherapy ranged from 8 months to 30 months (median 24). The diagnosis of tMDS was determined by bone marrow biopsy in seven patients. Seven patients showed chromosomal abnormalities consistent with chemotherapy induced MDS. Three patients were diagnosed with AML as well (in two determined by bone marrow and one at autopsy). Interval from last chemotherapy exposure to diagnosis of tMDS/AML ranged from 3 months to 31 months (median 24 months). Two patients were treated with bone marrow transplantation and five received supportive care only. Five patients have died, two as a consequence of recurrent brain tumor, one as a complication of transplantation, and due due to AML. Conclusions: Although rare, induction of tMDS/AML following extended use of alkylator-based chemotherapy may become more relevant with the evolving practice to treat gliomas for protracted periods. Future work to determine at-risk patients would be important. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Bloch, Benjamin V., Lawrence J. O'Hara, and Andrew R. J. Manktelow. "(iii) Exposure and extended approaches in revision hip surgery." Orthopaedics and Trauma 29, no. 2 (April 2015): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2015.02.006.

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K. G. Gebremedhin, C. N. Lee, P. E. Hillman, and R. J. Collier. "Physiological Responses of Dairy Cows during Extended Solar Exposure." Transactions of the ASABE 53, no. 1 (2010): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29499.

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Monti, P. M., D. J. Rohsenow, A. V. Rubonis, R. S. Niaura, A. D. Sirota, S. M. Colby, and D. B. Abrams. "Alcohol cue reactivity: effects of detoxification and extended exposure." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 54, no. 2 (March 1993): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1993.54.235.

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20

Chamberlain, Marc C., and Jeffrey Raizer. "Extended exposure to alkylator chemotherapy: delayed appearance of myelodysplasia." Journal of Neuro-Oncology 93, no. 2 (December 20, 2008): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-008-9764-5.

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21

Singh, Chandeep, Shitij Kacker, and Sanjiv KS Marya. "Modified Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 50, no. 2 (2016): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1199.

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ABSTRACT Trochanteric osteotomy, the most extensile approach, is a valuable tool for difficult primary and revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) is helpful in revision and extraction of well-fixed cemented as well as uncemented fremoral components, facilitates in cement extraction, and also in enhancing acetabular exposure. Tradional posterolateral ETO is initiated at the posterior aspect of the femur. We describe a modification of ETO by an anterolateral approach. The advantage of this approach is that as it preserves an intact musculo-osseo-muscular sleeve comprising of gluteus medius and minimus, greater trochanter, and vastus lateralis it allows physiological reconstruction of hip's soft tissue envelope and thus prevents proximal migration, nonunion of the osteotomy, and abductor lurch, which are the commonest complications associated with an ETO. Anterolateral exposure of hip joint and anterior fibers of gluteus medius, minimus, and capsule reflected as cuff and limbs of osteotomy are marked, and after completing the osteotomy with the help of osteotomes passed from posterior to anterior, the fragment is hooked open on its anterior muscular hinge. Osteotomy is fixed with the help of three to four cerclage wires depending on length of osteotomy. Full-weight bearing and abduction against gravity are only allowed after confirming radiological union of the osteotomy. How to cite this article Kacker S, Singh C, Marya SKS. Modified Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):93-95.

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Koutros, Stella, Jay H. Lubin, Barry I. Graubard, Aaron Blair, Patricia A. Stewart, Laura E. Beane Freeman, and Debra T. Silverman. "Extended Mortality Follow-up of a Cohort of 25,460 Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 8 (March 30, 2019): 1484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz086.

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Abstract We extended the mortality follow-up of a cohort of 25,460 workers employed at 8 acrylonitrile (AN)-producing facilities in the United States by 21 years. Using 8,124 deaths and 1,023,922 person-years of follow-up, we evaluated the relationship between occupational AN exposure and death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) based on deaths through December 31, 2011, were calculated. Work histories and monitoring data were used to develop quantitative estimates of AN exposure. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. All-cause mortality and death from total cancer were less than expected compared with the US population. We observed an excess of death due to mesothelioma (SMR = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 3.42); no other SMRs were elevated overall. Cox regression analyses revealed an elevated risk of lung and bronchial cancer (n = 808 deaths; for >12.1 ppm-year vs. unexposed, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.81; P for trend = 0.05), lagged 10 years, that was robust in sensitivity analyses adjusted for smoking and co-exposures including asbestos. Death resulting from bladder cancer (for >2.56 ppm vs. unexposed, lagged 10-year HR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.34; P for trend = 0.02) and pneumonitis (for >3.12 ppm-year vs. unexposed, HR = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.42, 15.76; P for trend = 0.007) was also associated with AN exposure. We provide additional evidence of an association between AN exposure and lung cancer, as well as possible increased risk for death due to bladder cancer and pneumonitis.

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Abodakpi, Henrietta, Kai-Tai Chang, Song Gao, Ana María Sánchez-Díaz, Rafael Cantón та Vincent H. Tam. "Optimal Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing Strategies against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, № 2 (10 грудня 2018): e01906-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01906-18.

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ABSTRACT Piperacillin-tazobactam has been proposed as an alternative to carbapenems for the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. However, limited understanding of optimal dosing strategies for this combination may curtail its utility. In this study, we correlated various exposures of piperacillin-tazobactam to efficacy, using a modified pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index. Using a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate expressing CTX-M-15, piperacillin MIC values were determined with increasing tazobactam concentrations and fitted to a sigmoid inhibitory maximum effect (Emax) model. A hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) was used to evaluate the efficacy of escalating tazobactam dosing with a fixed piperacillin exposure. Simulated drug concentrations from the HFIM were incorporated in the Emax model to determine the percentage of free time above instantaneous MIC (%fT>MICi) associated with each experimental exposure. The target %fT>MICi associated with growth suppression was prospectively validated using an SHV-12-producing isolate of Escherichia coli and 2 other CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Based on our reference isolate, piperacillin-tazobactam exposures of %fT>MICi of ≥55.1% were associated with growth suppression. Despite underlying differences, these findings were consistent with prospective observations in 3 other clinical isolates. Our modeling approach can be applied relatively easily in the clinical setting, and it appeared to be robust in predicting the effectiveness of various piperacillin-tazobactam exposures. This modified pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index could be used to characterize response to other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.

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Moore-Ede, Martin, Anneke Heitmann, and Rainer Guttkuhn. "Circadian Potency Spectrum with Extended Exposure to Polychromatic White LED Light under Workplace Conditions." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 4 (June 16, 2020): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420923164.

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Electric light has enabled humans to conquer the night, but light exposure at night can disrupt the circadian timing system and is associated with a diverse range of health disorders. To provide adequate lighting for visual tasks without disrupting the human circadian timing system, a precise definition of circadian spectral sensitivity is required. Prior attempts to define the circadian spectral sensitivity curve have used short (≤90-min) monochromatic light exposures in dark-adapted human subjects or in vitro dark-adapted isolated retina or melanopsin. Several lines of evidence suggest that these dark-adapted circadian spectral sensitivity curves, in addition to 430- to 499-nm (blue) wavelength sensitivity, may include transient 400- to 429-nm (violet) and 500- to 560-nm (green) components mediated by cone- and rod-originated extrinsic inputs to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which decay over the first 2 h of extended light exposure. To test the hypothesis that the human circadian spectral sensitivity in light-adapted conditions may have a narrower, predominantly blue, sensitivity, we used 12-h continuous exposures of light-adapted healthy human subjects to 6 polychromatic white light-emitting diode (LED) light sources with diverse spectral power distributions at recommended workplace levels of illumination (540 lux) to determine their effect on the area under curve of the overnight (2000–0800 h) salivary melatonin. We derived a narrow steady-state human Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity curve with a peak at 477 nm and a full-width half-maximum of 438 to 493 nm. This light-adapted Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity permits the development of spectrally engineered LED light sources to minimize circadian disruption and address the health risks of light exposure at night in our 24/7 society, by alternating between daytime circadian stimulatory white light spectra and nocturnal circadian protective white light spectra.

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Lachter, Gerald D., and Renee F. Solomon. "Extended exposure to symbolic matching-to-sample: A preliminary analysis." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 31, no. 6 (June 1993): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03337339.

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26

Piola, RF, and EL Johnston. "Differential resistance to extended copper exposure in four introduced bryozoans." Marine Ecology Progress Series 311 (April 13, 2006): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps311103.

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27

Yuksel, Sengul, Asma Dilek, and Yesilada Ozfer. "Antioxidative and metabolic responses to extended cold exposure in rats." Acta Biologica Hungarica 59, no. 1 (March 2008): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abiol.59.2008.1.5.

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Sylviana, N., K. Devani, D. Fahmiasyari, Y. A. Dewi, R. Andean, R. Anggraini, and V. M. Tawaran. "Extended Noise Exposure Induce Health Impairment in Machinist at Bandung." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (March 2017): 012172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/180/1/012172.

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Toriumi, K., M. Ozaki, N. Yasuda, Y. Tanifuji, and Y. Amaki. "SERUM INORGANIC FLUORIDE AFTER EXTENDED EXPOSURE TO SEVOFLURANE IN PATIENTS." Anesthesiology 75, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): A347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199109001-00347.

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Owsley, John A., and David E. McCauley. "Effect of extended sublethal exposure to sodium selenite onCeriodaphnia affinis." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 36, no. 1 (December 1986): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01623598.

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Kim, S., E. Chatelut, J. C. Kim, S. B. Howell, C. Cates, P. A. Kormanik, and M. C. Chamberlain. "Extended CSF cytarabine exposure following intrathecal administration of DTC 101." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 11 (November 1993): 2186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.11.2186.

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PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to determine ventricular and lumbar CSF pharmacokinetics and the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of DTC 101 (DepoFoam; DepoTech Corp, La Jolla, CA) following intraventricular administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve patients with neoplastic meningitis were treated with escalating doses of DTC 101. CSF samples were obtained from the right lateral ventricle or from the lumbar subarachnoid space and cytarabine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Therapeutic ventricular CSF concentrations were maintained for 9 +/- 2 days following administration of a single dose of DTC 101 into the lateral ventricle. Lumbar cytarabine concentrations became equal to those in the ventricle within the first 6 hours after intraventricular injection, and the subsequent decay in concentrations of free and total cytarabine were the same at both sites. Following intralumbar administration, the peak ventricular concentration of free cytarabine was reached within 1 day, and therapeutic ventricular CSF levels were maintained for several days. Therapeutic intralumbar concentration of free cytarabine was maintained for up to 14 days. The MTD was 75 mg of DTC 101, and seven of nine patients manifested cytologic responses. CONCLUSION Extended CSF exposure to therapeutic cytarabine concentrations was achieved after a single intraventricular or intralumbar dose of DTC 101, permitting drug administration once every 2 weeks.

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32

McAlister, Renee K., and Satoru Ito. "Minimal Prolongation of Prothrombin Time with Extended Exposure to Argatroban." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 35, no. 7 (July 2015): e122-e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1613.

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Laditka, James N., Sarah B. Laditka, Ahmed A. Arif, and Jessica N. Hoyle. "Work-related asthma in the USA: nationally representative estimates with extended follow-up." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 9 (May 13, 2020): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106121.

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ObjectiveWe studied the associations of working in occupations with high asthma trigger exposures with the prevalence and incidence of asthma, and with ever reporting an asthma diagnosis throughout working life.MethodsWe used the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968–2015; n=13 957; 205 498 person-years), with annual reports of occupation and asthma diagnoses across 48 years. We compared asthma outcomes in occupations likely to have asthma trigger exposures with those in occupations with limited trigger exposures. We estimated the prevalence ratios and the incidence risk ratios using log-binomial regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and current and past atopy and smoking, and accounting for the survey design and sampling weights. We calculated the attributable risk fractions and population attributable risks, and used multinomial logistic Markov models and microsimulation to estimate the percentage of people ever diagnosed with asthma during working life.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence ratio comparing high-risk occupations with low-risk was 4.1 (95% CI 3.5 to 4.8); the adjusted risk ratio was 2.6 (CI 1.8 to 3.9). The attributable risk was 16.7% (CI 8.5 to 23.6); the population attributable risk was 11.3% (CI 5.0 to 17.2). In microsimulations, 14.9% (CI 13.4 to 16.3) with low trigger exposure risk reported asthma at least once, ages 18–65, compared with 23.9% (CI 22.3 to 26.0) with high exposure risk.ConclusionAdults were more than twice as likely to report a new asthma diagnosis if their occupation involved asthma triggers. Work exposures to asthma triggers may cause or aggravate about 11% of all adult asthma and increase the risk of work-life asthma by 60%.

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34

Taylor, J. M. "Extended Warranty Insurance." Journal of the Staple Inn Actuarial Society 29 (March 1986): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020269x00009920.

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Extended warranty insurance for consumer durables was introduced into the United Kingdom as recently as 1981. Since then there has been a major expansion of this class of business, much of which has still to reach the later periods of exposure with, as yet, unknown levels of claims experience. Considerable future liabilities could therefore be involved, with implications both for reserving and rate-setting. The business has already caused problems for certain insurers and agencies, and has attracted an amount of adverse publicity amongst the public.Many people would argue that this should be relatively simple business; in point of fact it is surprisingly complex and poses a number of problems of particular interest to actuaries and statisticians. This paper therefore aims to describe the basic features of this type of business, which will probably be unfamiliar to the majority of readers, and to highlight the principal problems and dangers involved for the insurers. It does not set out to solve all these problems. At this stage, as a learned judge has recently suggested, this may be better left to the astrologers!

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Ashman, A., A. J. Psaltis, P. J. Wormald, and N. C.-W. Tan. "Extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 6 (June 2020): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120000882.

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AbstractObjectivesTreatment of inflammatory and neoplastic disease in the maxillary sinus, pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae requires appropriate surgical exposure. As modern rhinology evolves, so do the techniques available. This paper reviews extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus and the evidence supporting each technique.MethodsA literature search of the Ovid Medline and PubMed databases was performed using appropriate key words relating to endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus.ResultsMega-antrostomy and medial maxillectomy have a role in the surgical treatment of refractory inflammatory disease and sinonasal neoplasms. The pre-lacrimal fossa approach provides excellent access but can be limited because of anatomical variations. Both the transseptal and endoscopic Denker's approaches were reviewed; these appear to be associated with morbidity, without any significant increase in exposure over the afore-described approaches.ConclusionA range of extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus exist, each with its own anatomical limitations and potential complications.

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36

Kelemen, Janos, and Claus Mollenhoff. "Extended Halos in the Cluster Abell-426." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900240953.

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During 1987 and 1988, we obtained 12 long-exposure Schmidt plates of the cluster Abell-426 at the Konkoly Observatory. The pictures were digitized with a microdensitometer and added with a computer. The resulting blue images clearly show extended envelopes around the bright cluster members.

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Giles, Michael A. "Accumulation of Cadmium by Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, during Extended Exposure." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-128.

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Adult rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were exposed to 3.6 and 6.4 μg Cd/L for 178 d. Cadmium accumulated most rapidly in gill tissue which became saturated at levels 100-fold higher than controls within 24 and 52 d in the high- and low-metal exposures, respectively. Liver cadmium increased 250- to 400-fold over the test period but accumulation exhibited a plateau between 52 and 129 d followed by a rapid rise by 178 d. Kidney cadmium increased consistently throughout the test period to levels approximately 50- to 100-fold higher than control values. Cadmium in the gut and skin increased 10- and 5-fold, respectively, while no increase was recorded in white muscle. A maximum of 2.1% of the cadmium available in a commercial diet (0.2 μg Cd/g dry food} was accumulated in control fish. Although cadmium was not detected in the urine, urinary zinc excretion was elevated in trout exposed to 6.4 μg Cd/L such that 7 mol of zinc was excreted per 1 mol of cadmium accumulated during the initial 24 d of exposure. The whole-body burden of cadmium increased linearly with time in both treatments with a time constant of 0.366 and 0.554%/d for trout exposed to 3.6 and 6.4 μg Cd/L, respectively.

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38

Pardo, Antonio, Judith C. Kando, Thomas R. King, Eman Rafla, and Barry K. Herman. "Single-dose pharmacokinetics of amphetamine extended-release tablets compared with amphetamine extended-release oral suspension." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 6 (January 22, 2020): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001676.

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AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the relative bioavailability of single-dose amphetamine extended-release tablet (AMPH ER TAB) 20 mg, swallowed whole or chewed, and amphetamine extended-release oral suspension (AMPH EROS) 2.5 mg/mL; evaluate food effect on AMPH ER TAB.MethodsHealthy volunteers (18–55 years) were randomized to 1 dose of AMPH ER TAB 20 mg swallowed (fasted), chewed (fed/fasted), or 20 mg AMPH EROS (fasted). A crossover study design was used. Plasma samples were collected each period predose and at time points to 60 hours postdose. d- and l-amphetamine were measured and pharmacokinetic (PK) was calculated (90% confidence intervals of the ratios of the plasma levels) for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax. Comparative relative bioavailability between formulations was determined when ratios were within 80% and 125%. Safety was also assessed.ResultsThirty-two subjects completed the study. AMPH ER TAB swallowed versus AMPH EROS (fasted): for d- and l-amphetamine, the total and peak exposure was similar: d: AUC0-t: 100.68% to 108.08%, AUC0-∞: 101.47% to 109.52%, Cmax: 98.10% to 103.17%; l: AUC0-t: 100.31% to 108.57%, AUC0-∞: 101.27% to 111.09%, Cmax: 98.2% to 103.37%. For d- and l-amphetamine when the tablet is swallowed whole, Tmax was 5.00 hours (with a range of 2.00–9.00 hours). AMPH ER TAB chewed versus AMPH EROS (fasted): for d- and l-amphetamine, the total and peak exposure was similar: d: AUC0-t: 99.23% to 106.62%, AUC0-∞: 99.58% to 107.59%, Cmax: 99.91% to 105.14%; l: AUC0-t: 98.16% to 106.35%, AUC0-∞: 98.44% to 108.11%, Cmax: 99.53% to 104.75%. For d- and l-amphetamine when the tablet has been chewed, Tmax was 5.00 hours (with a range of 3.00-7.00 hours). PK results were similar for patients in the fasted and fed groups, indicative of no presence of food effect. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported, overall AE profiles between the tablet and oral suspension were comparable without any unanticipated safety concerns.ConclusionsSingle doses of AMPH ER TAB for both d- and l-amphetamine demonstrated comparable bioavailability to a 20 mg dose of AMPH EROS, 2.5 mg/mL under fasted conditions when chewed and swallowed whole, and demonstrated equivalent peak and overall exposure without apparent food effect. AMPH ER TAB was well-tolerated and consistent with adverse events noted in other amphetamine formulations.

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Zerr, Danielle M., Arianna Miles-Jay, Matthew P. Kronman, Chuan Zhou, Amanda L. Adler, Wren Haaland, Scott J. Weissman та ін. "Previous Antibiotic Exposure Increases Risk of Infection with Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Pediatric Patients". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, № 7 (2 травня 2016): 4237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00187-16.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine whether antibiotic exposure is associated with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase- or AmpC-producingEscherichia coliorKlebsiella pneumoniaeinfections in children. We collected extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase- or AmpC-producingE. coliorK. pneumoniaeisolates and same-species susceptible controls from normally sterile sites of patients aged ≤21 years, along with associated clinical data, at four free-standing pediatric centers. After controlling for potential confounders, the relative risk of having an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing isolate rather than a susceptible isolate was 2.2 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 3.35) among those with antibiotic exposure in the 30 days prior to infection than in those with no antibiotic exposure. The results were similar when analyses were limited to exposure to third-generation cephalosporins, other broad-spectrum beta-lactams, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conversely, the relative risk of having an AmpC-producing versus a susceptible isolate was not significantly elevated with any antibiotic exposure in the 30 days prior to infection (adjusted relative risk ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.91). However, when examining subgroups of antibiotics, the relative risk of having an AmpC-producing isolate was higher for patients with exposure to third-generation cephalosporins (adjusted relative risk ratio, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.75 to 11.43). Dose-response relationships between antibiotic exposure and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing or AmpC-producing isolates were not demonstrated. These results reinforce the need to study and implement pediatric antimicrobial stewardship strategies, and they indicate that epidemiological studies of third-generation cephalosporin-resistantE. coliandK. pneumoniaeisolates should include resistance mechanisms when possible.

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Yonce, C. E., W. L. Tedders, and B. W. Wood. "Cold Tolerance of Hickory Shuckworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae and Associated Parasites." Journal of Entomological Science 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.1.13.

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Hickory shuckworm larvae, Cydia caryana (Fitch), in pecan shucks, were killed by extended periods of freezing temperature. While storage at −7°C killed 88% of larvae after 32 days of exposure, −18°C killed 85% after only 1 day and 100% by 8 to 16 days of exposure. Larvae exposed to cold temperatures prior to −18°C exposure appeared to possess enhanced cold resistance but were still killed after 32 days of exposure. Survival of the ichneumonid parasite, Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cresson), which comprised 92% of the total of all parasites emerging from pecan shucks, was not detectably affected by exposure to cooling (3–5°C) for up to 5 wks. Thereafter, when emergence began to decrease, about half of the parasites in the extended cooling treatment were viable for at least 10 wks. Conversely, 3 other parasites Phanerotoma fasciata Provancher (Braconidae), Macrocentrus instabilis Muesebeck (Braconidae), and Lixophaga mediocris Aldrich (Tachinidae), comprised the remaining 8% of total parasite emergence and survival was severely affected by extended cooling (3–5°C).

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Shannon, Harry S., Christine Walsh, NI Jadon, Jim A. Julian, John K. Weglo, Philip G. Thornhill, and Albert G. Cecutti. "Mortality of 11,500 Nickel Workers—Extended Follow Up and Relationship to Environmental Conditions." Toxicology and Industrial Health 7, no. 4 (July 1991): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700404.

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An extended follow-up from 1977-84 was achieved in a cohort of 11,567 nickel workers engaged in mining, milling and smelt ing originally studied from 1950-76. Exposure data were incor porated into the analysis. One nasal cancer occurred. The lung cancer Standardized Mortality Ratio beyond 15 years from first exposure was significantly high overall (128) and in miners (153). However, detailed analyses by era of first mining and du ration of mining, as well as cumulative exposure to different nickel species, did not appear consistent with an occupational etiology since significant trends were not observed. At the levels of exposure incurred, large increases in lung and nasal cancer, observed in nickel refineries elsewhere, did not occur.

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Cottalorda, É., É. Aristidi, M. Carbillet, M. Guinard, M. Pyanet, and S. Vourc’h. "Short-exposure Image Reconstruction with The Power Spectrum Extended (PSE) Method." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 134, no. 1037 (July 1, 2022): 074501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ac6699.

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Abstract We analyze, in the framework of high angular resolution imaging, a novel image reconstruction method denoted as PSE (which stands for power spectrum extended). It works in the Fourier space, combining the information from both the average power spectrum of the images and a phase estimation from an ad-hoc shift-and-add process. PSE allows to perform image reconstruction up to the diffraction limit of the telescope from a series of short-exposure frames, with a refined lucky-imaging selection process. The method is well adapted to partially corrected adaptive-optics images, in particular in case of low Strehl corrections, and/or small diameter telescopes. In this paper we analyze the PSE technique by means of Monte-Carlo simulations and compare it with the ISFAS lucky-imaging method. Comparative performances were investigated using three metrics: Strehl ratio for reconstructed point-like sources, intensity ratio for binary stars, and least-square distance between images for a simulated artificial satellite. We found that PSE provides an improvement of a factor ∼2 over ISFAS on the Strehl ratio in the case of faint point sources. It seems also to give better images reconstruction on some kinds of extended objects (planets or binary stars with small magnitude difference). PSE has also the advantage to be very fast and well adapted to real-time image reconstruction.

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Aiken, Timothy A., Daniel McPolin, Mark Russell, Sreejith Nanukuttan, and Leo Bagnall. "Exposure of magnesium oxide boards to various conditions for extended durations." Construction and Building Materials 302 (October 2021): 124429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124429.

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Dilda, Valentina, Hamish G. MacDougall, and Steven T. Moore. "Tolerance to Extended Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation: Optimal Exposure for Astronaut Training." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.3051.2011.

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Zubieta-Calleja, GustavoR, and NataliaA Zubieta-DeUrioste. "Extended longevity at high altitude: Benefits of exposure to chronic hypoxia." BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_7_17.

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Zhao, Chunqiao, Xifeng Fan, Xincun Hou, Yi Zhu, Yuesen Yue, and Juying Wu. "Extended light exposure increases stem digestibility and biomass production of switchgrass." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 22, 2017): e0188349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188349.

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47

L. Wright, Jason, Miles McQueen, and Lawrence Wellman. "Analyses of two end-user software vulnerability exposure metrics (extended version)." Information Security Technical Report 17, no. 4 (May 2013): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2013.02.002.

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Panessa-Warren, Barbara J., Mathew M. Maye, John B. Warren, and Kenya M. Crosson. "Single walled carbon nanotube reactivity and cytotoxicity following extended aqueous exposure." Environmental Pollution 157, no. 4 (April 2009): 1140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.028.

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Galasso, E., N. Umapathi, and J. Yau. "Nutritional Gains from Extended Exposure to a Large-scale Nutrition Programme." Journal of African Economies 20, no. 5 (January 31, 2011): 673–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejq041.

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Vettenburg, Tom. "Extended field-of-view light-sheet microscopy." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226602009.

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Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy enables rapid 3D imaging of biological samples. Unlike confocal and two-photon microscopes, a light-sheet microscope illuminates the focal plane with an objective orthogonal to the detection axis and images it in a single snapshot. Its combination of high contrast and minimal sample exposure make it ideal to image thick samples with sub-cellular resolution. To uniformly illuminate a wide field-of-view without compromising axial resolution, propagation-invariant light-fields such as Bessel and Airy beams have been put forward. These beams do however irradiate the sample with a relatively broad transversal structure. The fluorescence excited by the side lobes of Bessel beams can be blocked physically during recording; though at the cost of increased sample exposure. In contrast, the Airy beam has a fine transversal structure that is both curved and asymmetric. Its fine structure captures all the high-frequency components that enable high axial resolution without the need to discard useful fluorescence. This advantage does not carry over naturally to two-photon excitation where the fine transversal structure is suppressed. We demonstrate a symmetric and planar Airy light-sheet that can be used with two-photon excitation and that does not rely on deconvolution.

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